Issues In Computer

Science
Urfa Jamil
Computer Programmer
Job Description
- Computer programmers write, test, develop, and maintain software
programs.
- The programs commands the computer what to do. They are written in
different languages such as: C++, Java, Python, etc.
- Programmers tend to do their work in stages. First, they study the tasks that
the program will need to complete. Next step is to write out a detailed list of
steps that the computer will follow and then code it using the programming
language. Once the program is complete, they test the software to make
sure it works well. This last stage is often referred to as the "debugging"
process.
- Programmers may also help to write the instruction manual or train people
to use the program.
Work Environment / Employers

- Some computer programmers work for the government, banks, or computer

companies.
- Some work as independent consultants. They may do much of their work
out of home offices. Wherever they work, they are likely to use the newest
hardware and software.
- Programmers spend most of their time in front of computers. They type in
data and think about new ways to design programs.
- They may travel to meet with clients and discuss their software needs.
Post-Secondary Education, Training,
Certifications

- Large companies and governments often prefer if you have at least a

bachelor's degree. This degree takes 4 years to earn. Smaller companies
may hire you if you have a 2 or 3-year diploma.
- Some college or universities programs are: Computer Programming,
Computer Science, Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer
Systems Analysis / Business Analysis, Computer Systems Technology,
Management Information Systems
- You can become certified in a language such as C# or Java. Professional
groups and software companies may offer their own training options.
Job Advancement And Outlooks

- Programmers who have general business experience may become

computer systems analysts. With experience, some programmers may
become software developers.
- Employment of computer programmers is projected to decline 7 percent
from 2016 to 2026. Computer programming can be done from anywhere in
the world, so companies sometimes hire programmers in countries where
wages are lower.
Earnings

- Many programmers work full time for one employer and earn a salary.
Others are self-employed. Those who work as consultants are paid for each
contract they get.
- Income depends on many factors. People with more education and
experience tend to earn more. Earnings also depend on their employer,
location, and duties.
- Most earn salaries in the range of $40,000 to $100,000 a year. The average
income ranges from $55,000 to $75,000 a year. However, some
programmers can earn more than $200,000 a year.
Related Occupations

- Computer Animator
- Computer Hardware Engineer
- Computer Network Specialist
- Computer Scientist
- Computer Software Engineer
- Digital Media Specialist
- Video Game Developer
- Web Developer
- Web Administrator
- Website Designer
References

- https://www.raise.me/careers/computer-and-information-technology/comp
uter-programmers
- https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/108
Web Developer
Job Description
- Web developers build and modify websites and develop applications for the
web.
- Front-end developers handle the part of the site that users see and interact
with. These include buttons, menus, forms, and even the font of the text.
They use tools like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to make these elements
display and work properly.
- Back-end developers focus more on the parts of a site that users don't see.
They handle the core logic of a site.
- Before a site goes live, developers test the code to make sure it works. They
also check that it works with different web browsers and operating systems.
If an error occurs, they work to identify and fix the problem.
Work Environment / Employers

- Web Developers work for companies that need a website. These companies
include: retailers, medical practices, banks, governments, technology
companies.
- Developers work in offices or from home. They spend most of their time in
front of a computer screen. They code information and links for web pages
and sites.
- Developers spend a lot of time communicating with clients. They also work
with other web professionals, such as designers and project managers.
Post-Secondary Education, Training,
Certifications

- Many technical schools and colleges offer programs in web development.

They also offer courses in web design and related areas. These programs
take anywhere from less than a year to 2 years to complete. You usually
earn either a certificate or diploma.
- You may also choose to do a bachelor's degree in programming or a related
field. This university degree takes 3 to 4 years to earn.
- You can get certified in one or more computer languages or program.
- Some college and university programs include: Web Design and
Development, Website Administration, etc.
Earnings

- Full-time developers usually earn a yearly salary. Those who work freelance
work on a contract basis. They may earn an hourly wage or a flat fee. Some
get an amount based on the number of pages they develop for a site.
- Full-time developers usually earn a yearly salary. Those who work freelance
work on a contract basis. They may earn an hourly wage or a flat fee. Some
get an amount based on the number of pages they develop for a site.
- New freelancers may make as little as $20,000 a year. But, well-established
ones with a strong clientele can make more than $100,000 a year.
Job Outlook / Job Advancement

- Employment of web developers is projected to grow 15 percent from 2016

to 2026, much faster than the average for all occupations. Demand will be
driven by the growing popularity of mobile devices and ecommerce.
- Web developers who have a bachelor's degree can advance to become
project managers.
Related Occupations

- Computer Support Person

- Database Developer
- E-Business Consultant
- IT Project Manager
- Digital Media Specialist
- Video Game Developer
- Web Administrator
- Website Designer
References

- https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/442
- https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/web-devel
opers.htm