CYCLE 4

Week 3 Class 1
Reading and Language
Practice
 Language Practice
1. Fill in the gaps with in or as depending on the context.
 2. Pair work. Work with your partner. Then answer the questions. Include the
prepositions from the previous activity.

My partner Me

7
 3. Cover letter language.

Retrieved from: Market Leader Elementary

I. Pre-Reading
Predicting. You are going to read a text about jobs in programming industry.
Before you read, guess the answers.

1. The majority of programmers have a university degree in computer science. T F

2. Computer programmers usually work in the financial industry. T F
3. Programmers started working from home mostly because of the pandemic. T F
4. Internship is an appreciated type of experience for employers.T F
5. Having a degree might not be enough- some companies ask for specific
certificates. T F
Read the text to check if you were right.

While Reading. Vocabulary. Here are the key words from the text. As you read the
text, fill in the missing words. There are some words missing from the text and you
can find them in this cloud. Fill them out and find what they mean.
1 Work Environment
Most programmers work independently in offices.
Computer programmers held about 185,700 jobs in 2020. The largest employers of
computer programmers were as follows:

Computer systems design and related services 36%

Finance and insurance 8
Manufacturing 6
Software publishers 6
Self-employed workers 2
Programmers normally work alone, but sometimes work with other computer specialists
on large projects. Because writing code can be done anywhere, many programmers
work from their homes.

Work Schedules
Most computer programmers work full time.

2 How to Become a Computer Programmer

Most programmers have a degree in computer science or a related field.
Most computer programmers have a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related
subject; however, some employers hire workers with an _____________’s degree. Most
programmers specialize in a few programming languages.

Education
Computer programmers typically need a bachelor's degree in computer and information
technology or a related field, such as mathematics. However, some employers hire
workers who have other degrees or experience in _________ programming languages.
Programmers who work in specific fields, such as healthcare or accounting, may take
classes in that field to supplement their computer-related degree. In addition, employers
value experience, which many students gain through internships.
Most programmers learn a few computer languages while in school. However, a
computer science degree gives students the skills needed to learn new computer
languages easily. Students get hands-on experience writing __________, testing
programs, fixing errors, and doing many other tasks that they will perform on the job.

To keep up with changing technology, computer programmers may take continuing

education classes and attend professional development seminars to learn new
programming languages or about upgrades to programming languages they already
know.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Programmers can become certified in specific programming languages or for vendor-
specific programming products. Some companies require their computer programmers
to be certified in the products they use.

Advancement
Programmers who have general business experience may become computer systems
analysts. With experience, some programmers may become software developers. They
may also be promoted to managerial positions.

Important Qualities
Analytical skills. Computer programmers must understand complex instructions in
order to create computer code.
Concentration. Programmers must focus their attention on their work as they write
code or check existing code for errors.
Detail oriented. Computer programmers must closely examine the code they write
because a small mistake can affect the entire computer program.
Troubleshooting skills. An important part of a programmer’s job is to check the code
for errors and fix any they find.
3 Pay

The median annual _______ for computer programmers was $89,190 in May 2020. The
median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than
that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $51,440, and
the highest 10 percent earned more than $146,050.In May 2020, the median annual
wages for computer programmers in the top industries in which they worked were as
follows:

Software publishers $103,710

Finance and insurance 92,390
Manufacturing 89,530
Computer systems design and related services 88,510
Most computer programmers work full time.
4 Job Outlook

Employment of computer programmers is projected to ________ 10 percent from 2020

to 2030.

Despite declining employment, about 9,700 openings for computer programmers are
projected each year, on average, over the decade. All of those openings are expected to
result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the
labor force, such as to retire.

Employment
Computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, so companies
sometimes hire programmers in countries where wages are lower. This ongoing trend is
projected to limit ____________ growth for computer programmers in the United
States. However, the high costs associated with managing projects given to
___________programmers sometimes offsets the savings from the lower wages,
causing some companies to bring back or keep programming jobs in the United States.
After Reading. Reading Comprehension.
With your partner, find the answers to the following questions.

1. What are the most important qualities for programmers? Why?

2. Why is it important to have a computer science degree in the UNited States? Is it
different in your country?
3. What will happen with number of jobs in the future?
4. Why do companies hire programmers from other countries?
5. How does hiring programmers from other countries affect the salaries in the
United States?

Reflection:

Where do you see yourself in 5 years?

In which industry would you like the work?
Do you think the labor market will change for programmers/coders?