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5 JMSEAT 0101104 Jiri Malac 67-87 PDF
5 JMSEAT 0101104 Jiri Malac 67-87 PDF
JIŘÍ MALÁČ
Abstract
1. Introduction
[6, 7]. The disk-shaped rotor of Mooney viscometer does not induce a
viscometric flow field due to significant edge effects, yelding shear
stresses significantly higher than expected [10]. It is why the Mooney
viscosity is given in the Mooney units (MU).
It was recently shown that ML(1 + 4 ) 100°C at 2rpm rotor speed (i.e.,
at standard conditions) the Mooney viscosity is not sensitive enough to
average molecular weight of natural rubber and characterization at lower
speeds (not greater than 0.2rpm) was recommended. When the rotor
speed is high, the elastic response of the material becomes predominant
[4]. But, fortunately, the measurement of both Mooney viscosity and
Mooney relaxation enables now independent characterization of the
viscous and elastic response of natural rubber.
- Mooney peak, which is the initial peak viscosity at the start of the
test; it is a function of the green strength of rubber.
M = k(t )a , (1)
70 JIŘÍ MALÁČ
2. Experimental
160
140
120
100
torque [MU]
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
time [min]
3. Results
Columns in Table 1:
4. Discussion
200
150
Maximum torque (MU)
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
100
80
Mooney viscosity (MU)
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
200
180
140
120
100
80
60
50 60 70 80 90 100
Mooney viscosity (MU)
80
70
60
Intercept k (MU)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
80
75
70
65
Intercept k (MU)
60
55
50
45
40
50 60 70 80 90 100
Mooney viscosity (MU)
-0,20
-0,22
-0,24
-0,26
Slope a (lM/ls)
-0,28
-0,30
-0,32
-0,34
-0,36
-0,38
-0,40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
-0,18
-0,20
-0,22
-0,24
-0,26
Slope a (lM/ls)
-0,28
-0,30
-0,32
-0,34
-0,36
-0,38
-0,40
50 60 70 80 90 100
Mooney viscosity (MU)
Relation between the measured rotor torque M and power needed for
rotor rotation P is equal to
P = ω M, (5)
dE = Pdt. (6)
When the power law in Equation (1) holds for Mooney relaxation, the
decrease of torque in time is M = k(t )a , and we can suppose that
decrease of elastically stored part of deformation energy E s in time dt is
proportional to the torque M
k
Es ~ (t )(a +1) . (8)
a +1
100
90
MU/(lM/ls)
80
70
60
k/(a+1)
50
40
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
100
90
MU/(lM/ls)
80
k/(a+1)
70
60
50
50 60 70 80 90 100
Mooney viscosity (MU)
rubbers ( R 2 = 0.8835 ) .
0,8
(lM/ls)
0,7
(a+1)
0,6
0,5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
5. Conclusions
Graphical Abstract
0,8
(lM/ls)
0,7
(a+1)
0,6
0,5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sample No.
References
[1] R. Braun, Physical Testing of Rubber, 4th ed., Springer Science+Business Media,
2006.
[5] J. S. Dick, C. Harmon and A. Vare, Quality assurance of natural rubber using the
rubber process analyzer, Polym. Testing 18 (1999), 327.
[6] J. S. Dick, ed., Rubber Technology: Compounding and Testing for Performance,
Hanser, Munich, 2001.
[7] J. S. Dick, ed., Basic Rubber Testing: Selecting Methods for a Rubber Test Program,
ASTM Stock Number: MNL39; (2003).
[10] S. A. Montes, A numerical model for edge effect correction of the Mooney rheometer,
Rubb. Chem. Technol. 82(4) (2009), 401.