Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

LABORATORY REPORT 1: EFFORT CURVES - DEFORMATION

Test of metal test pieces subjected to axial force.
1. OBJETIVE (Write down what is expected from the realization of the test and the importance of
its use from the point of view of the mechanics of solids).
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2. MINIMUM REQUIRED CONCEPTS: (Brief and concise definition of the following concepts,
use only the space assigned for it). (Don´t forget to reference).
- Modulus of elasticity ____________________________________________________________
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- Yield point: ____________________________________________________________________
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- Proportionality limit: _____________________________________________________________
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- Creep Limit: ___________________________________________________________________
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- Maximum resistance: ____________________________________________________________
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- Resilience: ____________________________________________________________________
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- Tenacity: ______________________________________________________________________
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

- Unitary deformation: ____________________________________________________________

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- Engineering effort: ______________________________________________________________
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- Maximum real effort: ____________________________________________________________
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- USED EQUIPMENT AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: (Mention the equipment and

measuring instruments used as well as the most relevant characteristics thereof, for example
precision):
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

3. Test tube:
Scheme to be tested: The maximum diameter in the grip areas for each metal specimen shall be 5/8"

(Fill in the following table with the dimensions before and after the failure)
Tested test tubes:

Diameter o Diameter o Calibrated length Calibrated length

Test Tube Initial transverse final transverse initial Final
dimension (mm) dimension (mm) (mm) (mm)

4. CURVES EFFORT-DEFORMATION (σ-ε). (For this point you must attach a sheet to compare
the curves below.)
 Draw all the curves σ-ε on a graph and name each material according to its yield strength
specification (eg: fy = 240 MPa, fy = 420 MPa).
 In each of the curves σ-ε identify and point out the characteristic points of each material, denote
by the letters in parentheses, like this:
• Proportionality limit (LP).
• Elasticity limit (LE) Could you identify it? because if? or why not? _________________________
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• Flow limit (LF).
• Starting point of deformation hardening (ED).
• Maximum resistance point (RM).
• Engineering break point (RI).
• Real breaking point, take the real area and extract it from it, locate it in the graph (RR).
 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

 For each curve σ-ε determine the resilience module and the tenacity module. Indicate each
calculation in the assigned space.

 Modules of elasticity:
Identify the straight elastic part of the curve σ-ε and calculate the slope.
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 From the σ-ε curves determine the ductility for each material.
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

 Resilience Module:
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

 Tenacity module:
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

5. RESULTS: Fill in the following table with the mechanical properties for each material. Indicate
in the corresponding space if it is a ductile or fragile material.

Elasticity Effort of Maximum Resilience Tenacity Is it

Material Ductility
module fluence effort Module module ductile?
GPa GPa GPa GPa GPa

MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa

MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa

MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa

Compare the results obtained experimentally with the values supplied by the supplier of the material
or the typical values recorded in the books of resistance of materials or mechanics of solids. Are
these values according to the requirements of civil works? Compare the values between the materials,
analyze how useful each material will be according to the properties found.

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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

6. MADE MISTAKES:
Was an error made during the trial? Identify it (s) and analyze its implications in the curve σ-ε. How
important is the correct measurement of deformations in the test?
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7. CONCLUSIONS Analyze the characteristics of each curve and compare them with those of the
other materials. Conclude
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 Facultad de Ingeniería - Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

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8. RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY

• ASKELAND, Donald R. Ensayos y propiedades mecánicas. En: Ciencia e Ingeniería de los

Materiales. 3 ed. México D.F.: International Thomson Editores, 1998. P. 130-138.
• CALLISTER Jr, William D. Rotura. En Introducción a la Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales.
Vol. 1. México D.F. Editorial Reverté S.A. 1995. P. 193-199.
• POPOV, Egor P. Deformación Unitaria. En: Mecánica de Sólidos. 2 ed. México D.F.: Pearson
educación, 2000. P. 57-90.
• INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE NORMALIZACIÓN Y CERTIFICACIÓN. Ensayo de tracción
para materiales metálicos. Método de ensayo a temperatura ambiente. NTC 2. Bogotá D.C.: El
Instituto. 1995. 32 p.
• INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE VÍAS. Ensayo de tensión de barras y alambres de acero. I.N.V.E –
501 – 07.