Alex Vu

Professor Rourke
MANF 3000-03
11 June 2019

Statistical Process Control

Given the data of cypress bark in subgroups of 4, various values of the data are computed such as
limits, averages, and dispersion:
Xbar
Xbar Rbar UCLx LCLx UCLr
Range Avg
n x1 x2 x3 x4 99.5 30 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
1 95 90 93 120 80.25 7 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
2 76 81 81 83 92.25 27 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
3 107 80 87 95 84.25 13 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
4 83 77 87 90 99 12 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
5 105 93 95 103 89 21 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
6 88 76 95 97 97.5 16 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
7 100 87 100 103 93.5 6 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
8 97 91 92 94 94.25 11 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
9 90 91 95 101 89.25 15 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
10 93 79 91 94 98.25 16 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
11 106 97 100 90 85.5 11 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
12 89 91 80 82 86.25 20 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
13 92 83 95 75 93.75 13 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
14 87 90 100 98 94.25 7 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
15 97 95 95 90 97 24 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
16 82 106 99 101 95 10 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
17 100 95 95 90 90.5 16 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
18 81 94 97 90 93.75 14 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
19 98 101 87 89 86.5 28 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
20 78 96 100 72 89.5 4 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
21 91 91 87 89 88.25 30 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
22 76 91 106 80 96.25 7 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
23 95 97 100 93 95.75 7 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
24 92 99 97 95 89.25 7 14.88 91.94 102.79 81.09 33.96
25 92 85 90 90
Using the computed data, the manufacturing process can be plotted for its central tendency to
check for limits.
 Xbar Chart (central tendency)
105

100
Subgroup Average
95

90

85

80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Subgroup Number

As shown in the above plot, the process is shown to remain within tolerances. There is a
single point that is under the lower tolerance, however, it sits so closely to the lower limit that it
may be disregarded – especially because it is the only mild outlier.
Once the central tendency of the process is found, the dispersion is plotted using the
range computations:

Range Chart (dispersion)

40
35
30
Subgroup Range

25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Subgroup Number

As shown by the plot above, the process is well within the range limits, and is shown to oscillate
evenly across the range average, demonstrating a precise manufacturing process.
 Chart of Individuals
140

Weight (kg)
120

100
80

60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Axis Title

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4

STDS 8.2619
AVG 91.94
Cp 1.10951
Cpk 0.8045
The previous two graphs display the full data set and the grouped data set respectively.
The table following the graphs displays the standard deviation, average, and process capabilities
for the data given.
In the full data set, majority of the data is shown to be within limits, with a single outlier
lying just under the lower limit: thus the single outlier may be disregarded as an anomaly datum.
In the grouped data set, the normal curve imposed over the grouped data demonstrates the
kurtosis of the data lying more towards the lower end than the upper end, meaning that the
average of the data is generally closer to the lower limit than the upper limit. The distribution is
shown to be center-focused, which conveys a reasonable manufacturing process.
The one major flaw with the process, however, is its capabilities. As shown by the Cp
and Cpk values, the process barely fits one entire normal curve within its limits. On the other
hand, seeing as the data represents cypress bark, which is a naturally occurring material – which
is difficult to regulate – the Cp values alongside the previous information demonstrating
reasonable manufacturing process could be excusable and accepted.