MODULE 5: ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS 2. Echo = Sound waves which have been reflected ta listener with sufficient magnitude and tme delay so as to be perceived separately from those communicated directly from the source to the listener 2- Long-Delayed Reflection ~ similar to echo except that the time delay between the Perception of direct and reflected sounds is somewhat less. 3. Flutter Echo—a rapid succession of noticeable small echoes observed wien a short burst of sound is produced between paralel sound reflective surfaces, FLUTTER ECHO ‘4 Sound Concentration — sound reflections from concave surfaces concentrating in an area ‘Ometimes referred to 38 hot spots. The intensity af sound at hot spats are always at the expense of dead spots, ® Coupled Spaces~ two rooms adjacent 0 eachother by means of open doorways with at least one space being highly reverberant. & Distortion ~ an undesirable change inthe quality of musical sound due to the uneven and excessive sound absorption ofthe boundary surfaces at ifferent frequencies 7 Room Resonance ~ also called Coloration, Occurs when certain sounds within a narrow band of frequencies tend to sound louder than other frequencies 5 Sound Shadow ~ occurs wien an area does not receive an adequate amount of arect ‘and reflected sound.9. Whispering Gallery ~ high frequency sounds creeping along large concave surfaces such a8 a hemispherical dome. ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS |. ECHO 2. LONG DELAYED REFLECTION 3. ACOUSTICAL SHADOW . 4. SOUND CONCENTRATION