Design of Beam

δ control L/240 LL 50 kN
Fy 415 MPa DLNI Wb 30 kN
Length 5m
LRFD ASD
Wu 116 kN Wa 80 kN
Mu 362.5 kNm Ma 250 kNm
Zx 970.5488621 mm3 Zx 1006.0240964 mm3
Lightest W - shape Insert Value for Ix, Lightest W - shape Insert Value for Ix,
W 410 X 60 Wb, and Zx W 410 X 60 Wb, and Zx
Ix 216 mm4 Ix 216 mm4
Wb 59.5 kg/m Wb 59.5 kg/m
Zx 1060 mm3 Zx 1060 mm3
Wu 119.50217 kN Wa 83.50217 kN
Mu 373.4442813 kNm Ma 260.94428125 kNm
Zx 999.8508199 mm3 OK Zx 1050.064939 mm3 OK
δ control 20.83333333 δ control 20.833333333
δ 9.419005594 mm OK δ 9.4190055941 mm OK

Remarks
Use W 410 X 60 as beam.
 Column
Specification K
Fy 248 MPa T R
f'c 21 MPa 0.5 0.7
E 200 GPa 0.7 0.8
Loads 1 1
DL 200 kN 2 2.1
LL 50 kN
Column Base Plate
Pu 320 kN Pedestal 450 mm
L 7800 mm Dimension 350 mm
Cc 126.169 N-B 22.815 mm
B 124.393 mm
Assumed Values N 147.208 mm
FS 3.67 Fp 17.4753 MPa
Fa 60.8174 Mpa 0.7 f'c 14.7 MPa
A 5261.65 mm2 n 1.35631 mm
m 1.35631 mm
Trial W Shape x 1.35631 mm
W 6 X 15 fp 17.4753 MPa
A 2858 mm2 t 0.72007 mm
rx 65.1 mm Use PL 5 X 150 X 125
ry 36.84 mm
M 22.48 kg/m Remarks
Use W 6 X 15 as column and
d 152.1 mm Use PL 5 X 150 X 125 as base
bf 152.1 mm plate

K 0.7 0.8
KLe/r 148.208 169.381
Use Long Column
Use Long Column

Long Column
Theoretical
Fa 46.8853 MPa
P 133998 kN
Recommended 𝐹�=(12𝜋^2 𝐸)/
Fa 35.8965 MPa
P 102.592 kN

Intermediate Column
Theoretical
FS 0
Fa #DIV/0! MPa
P #DIV/0! kN
Recommended
FS 0
Fa 0 MPa
P 0 kN
 SAMPLE DESIGN COMPUTATION FOR COLUMN

SPECIFICATION
Fy = 248 Mpa
f'c = 21 Mpa
E = 200 Gpa

LOADS
Dead Loads = 200 kN
Live Loads = 50 kN

Pu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Pu = 320 kN
L = 7800 mm
Cc = 126.17

ASSUMED VAUES
Factor of safety (FS) = 3.67
Fa = 60.817 Mpa
Area = 5261.6 mm2

TRIAL W SHAPE
W6 X 15
A 2858 mm2
rx 65.1 mm
ry 36.84 mm
M 22.48 kg/m
d 152.1 mm
bF 152.1 mm

ALLOW. COMPRESSIVE STRESS, Fa

〖𝑘𝐿〗 _𝑢/𝑟 = > Cc THEREFORE, use long

137.62 column

𝐹�=(12𝜋^2 𝐸)/(23 〖 (𝑘𝐿𝑢/𝑟) 〗 ^2 )

Fa = 102.59
 DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

F1 AXIAL (kN) MOMENT (kN-m)

DEAD LOADS
LIVE LOADS

Pu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
= 456 kN
 Foundation Case II
ϕ�𝑐=0.85((𝛼_𝑠 𝑑)/𝑏_𝑜 +2)
DL 100 kN f'c 21 Mpa (√(𝑓^′ 𝑐) 𝑏_𝑜 𝑑)
LL 210 kN fy 415 Mpa
γconrete 23.6 kN/m3
γsoil 19.2 kN/m3 Pedestal Dimension Interior loading
qall 295 kPa Length 450 mm Edge loading
tassumed 0.3 m Width 350 mm Coner loading
Df 1.8 m
db 16 mm αs
(𝛼_𝑠
Adequacy against SBP 𝑑)/
𝑏_𝑜
q' 259.12 kPa Adequate ϕVc
A' 2 m2
b 1.5 m Case III
deffective 217 mm ϕVc
Pu 456 kN
Use ϕVc
One way Shear in LD
Wu 304 kN
Vu 108.832 kN Adequate Bars in long direction
ϕVc 211.314 kN Mu
Rn
One way Shear in SD β1
Wu 304 kN ρb
Vu 93.632 kN Adequate ρ
ϕVc 211.314 kN ρmin
ρmax
Two way shear As
SLenght 667 mm n
SWidht 567 mm S
bo 2.468 m
Ao 0.378189 m2 Bars in band width
Vup 369.7729 kN n

Case I Remarks
Dimension of the Footing is 1.5
〖 ϕ� 〗 _𝑐=0.85(1+2/𝛽_𝑐 )(1/6)
(√(𝑓^′ 𝑐) 𝑏_𝑜 𝑑) Use 6 pcs of 16 mm dia. bar as
Use 4 pcs of 16 mm dia. bar as
βc 1.285714 Case I is not OK
ϕVc 0 kN
 Adequacy against OT
e 0.053333
ϕ�𝑐=0.85((𝛼_𝑠 𝑑)/𝑏_𝑜 +2)(1/12)
(√(𝑓^′ 𝑐) 𝑏_𝑜 𝑑) B/6 0.25

The resultant force is within

αs middle third
Interior loading 40
Edge loading 30 W/in middle third
Coner loading 20 �_𝑚𝑖𝑛^𝑚�𝑥=𝑃/𝐴 (1±6𝑒/𝐵)

40
Case II is not OK q max 167.1704
3.517018
q min 108.3852
0 kN Adequate against OT

613.5565 kN Not in middle third

613.5565 kN Adequate �_𝑚�𝑥=2𝑃/

(3𝐴(0.5−𝑒/𝐵))

Bars in long direction Shrinkage and Temp. Bars q max 0

24.32 kNm Mu 13.68 kNm
0.382569 Rn 0.215195
0.85 ρ 0.0018
0.021612 As 585.9 m2
0.000932 n 4
0.003373 S 375 mm
0.016209
1098.072 m2
6
250 mm

Bars in band width

4

Dimension of the Footing is 1.5 m X 1.5 m.

Use 6 pcs of 16 mm dia. bar as Main bars, spacing @ 250 mm.
Use 4 pcs of 16 mm dia. bar as Temperature bars, spacing @ 375 mm.
quacy against OT

F1
ultant force is within
middle third

/in middle third

^𝑚�𝑥=𝑃/𝐴 (1±6𝑒/𝐵)

kPa
kPa
quate against OT

t in middle third

𝑥=2𝑃/
.5−𝑒/𝐵))

kPa
DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING
Fu 58
Fy 36
thickness of member = 0.625
thickness of plate = 0.25
depth of plate = 6
diameter of bolt (A325) = 0.625
spacing of bolts 3

Fn 48 Ab

DL 25
LL 25

Ab 0.306796

shear Strength for one bolt

Rn 14.72622
h 0.6875
Lc 1.15625

bearing strength
Rn 40.2375
upper limit of Rn 43.5
Use 43.5

for other holes

Lc 2.3125
Rn 80.475
upper limit of Rn 43.5
Use 43.5

LRFD ASD
strenght per bolt strenght per bolt
øRn 11.04466 Rn/Ω 7.363109
Pu 70 P 50
no. of bolts 6.337903 no. of bolts 6.79061
say 8 say 8

Bolt shear strength

øRn 88.3573

tension on gross area

Pn 54
øPn 48.6
tension on net area
Pn 67.0625
øPn 50.29688

block shear
Agv
Anv
Ant
 Column

DL 200 KN/m f'c 27.6 MPa

LL 50 KN/m fy 414 MPa

Assumed ρ 0.03 Ag
db 20 mm
As 314.159 mm2
Pu 860.5288 KN
Ag 47044.96441 mm2
Ast 1411.3489323 mm2
B 220 mm
nb 5
S 320 mm
Ag 48400 mm2
Ast 1570.795 mm2
Pumax 909.43959 KN OK
Actual ρ 0.0324544421 OK
DESIGN OF PURLINS:

Specifications:
fy = 248 Mpa ( A- 36 steel)

Designing Loads:
Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m² (Corresponding to super typhoon with wind velocity of 200 kph)
Roof covering = 0.08 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 1.357
Roof Live loads = 0.6 kN/m² Spacing of Trusses = 6.5
Ashfall Load = 1.2 kN/m² angle ϴ = 16.29946
Height of Truss= 2.851
span of truss= 19.5
Roof load : W Using Duchimen's formula: Half of span= 9.75
sin ϴ= 0.280658
sin² ϴ= 0.078769
W= wind load ((2 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛²θ))

W= 0.984464 KN/m²

1) Consider tributary area:

W1 = w x spacing of purlins
= 1.335917 kN/m
= 1335.917 N/m

W2 = (wt. of dead and roof live load) (spacing of purlins)

= 2.55116 kN/m
= 2551.16 N/m

2) Solve for load components:

ΣFy=0] ΣFx=0]
Wy = W2 sin ϴ Wx = W1 + W2 cos ϴ
= 716.0027 N/m = 3784.541 N/m

3) Solve for moment components:

a) Mx = WxL²/ 8 b) My = WyL²/ 32
= 19987.11 N-m (roof) = 945.3473 N-m (roof)

4) Solve for Minimum depth "d": Assume compact section:

min. d = L / 30 Allowable Fb = 0.66 Fy
= 216.6667 mm = 163.68 MPa

5) Select a trial section:

C250 X 22.8 purlin
d= 229 mm M= 29.8 kg/m
bf = 67 mm Sx = 222000 mm³
tf = 10.5 mm Sy = 19300 mm³
tw= 11.4 mm

6) Solve for additional loads:

Add'l load due to wt of purlin = 292.338 N/m

a) Normal wt., wx = wt.purlin ( Cosϴ ) = 280.5883 N/m

b) Tangential wt., wy = wt.purlin ( Sin ϴ ) = 82.04691 N/m

c) Normal Moment, Mx = Wx L² / 8 = 1481.857 N-m

d) Tangential Moment = Wy L² / 32 = 108.3276 N-m

7) Check if the section is compact:

bf ≤ 170 d ≤ 1690
2tf tw

3.190476 < 10.75 20.08772 < 106.88

Therefore the section is a compact section: IF NON COMPACT: Fb = 0.60 Fy

Use allowable f Fb = 0.66 Fy Fb= 163.68 IF COMPACT: Fb = 0.66 Fy
Therefore use : Fb = 0.66 Fy
8) Check in flexure:

Actual f = Mx ( roof + purlins) + My (roof ) + My (purlins)

Sx ½ Sy Sy

Mx (roof) = 19987.11 N-m Mx (roof + purlin) = 96.70704 Mpa

My (roof) = 945.3473 N-m Sx
Mx (purlins) = 1481.857 N-m
My (purlins) = 108.3276 N-m My (roof) = 97.96345 Mpa
½ Sy

My (purlin) = 5.612827 Mpa

Sy

actual f = 200.2833 MPa > allowable Fb = 163.68 Mpa (failed)

9) Check for shear:
Allowable Fv = 0.4Fy = 99.2 Mpa

Actual Fv² = Fvx² + Fvy²

a) Fvx = Vx / dtw Vx = (Wx (roof & Purlin) x L

5.060779 Mpa 2
= 13211.67 N

b) Fvy = Vy / dtf Vy = 5Wy(roof&purlin) x L

0.620945 Mpa 16
= 1621.038 N

Actual Fv = 5.098731 Mpa < 99.2 Mpa (Safe)

m
m
degrees
m
m
m
Fb = 0.60 Fy use = .66
Fb = 0.66 Fy
Fb = 0.66 Fy
DESIGN OF SAGRODS

Loads carried by purlins:

wt of purlins = 292.34 N/m
Roof covering = 0.10856 N/m

Total load = wt of purlins + roof covering

= 292.4466 N/m

Force carried by sagrods:

R= 5wL / 8 L= 2.8 m
= 511.7815 N

Force carried by the critical portion of purlins ( 18th purlins) : no.of purlins = 18
T= pcs of purlins x force carried by sagrods
= 9212.067 N

Ft= 0.33 Fu
= 0.33 (400 Mpa)
= 132 Mpa

Solving for area:

T = Ft ( A )
A = T / Ft
A= 69.78838 mm²

Solving for diameter:

A = π d² / 4

d= 9.426406 mm say 10 mm

Therefore, use 10 mmØ for sagrod

DESIGN OF TRUSS

Solving for stresses in truss:

Assume weight of truss = (Wtotal) (a x L) (1+ 0.328L)

100

Designing loads: span of truss/ rafter, L = 19.5 m

wt. of purlins = 0.584676 kN/m² half of truss span = 9.75 m
roof covering = 0.08 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 6.5 m
bracing load = 0.2 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 1.357 m
Live load = 0.6 kN/m² pitch of truss, h = 2.851 m
ceiling = 0.92 kN/m² angle θ = 16.29946 °
others = 2.36 kN/m² spacing of joints = 0.975 m
total load = 4.744676 kN/m²

Compute for truss weight:

truss weight = 44.47863 kN

Load per top panel joint = 2 x (truss wt) / (3 x L) = 1.520637 kN

Load per bottom panel joint = 0.760319 kN

Dead load on truss panel (due to gravity loads):

Purlin wt = 0.584676 kN/m x 6.5 m = 3.800394 kN
GI sheet & bracing= 0.28 kN/m² x 6.5 m x 1.357 m = 2.46974 kN
Ceiling wt = 0.92 kN/m² x 6.5 m x 0.975 m = 5.8305 kN

P1= 2 x purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)

P1= 11.59117 kN
P2= purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)
P2= 7.790771 kN
P3= purlin wt. + ½ truss wt. + ½(G.I sheet & bracing)
P3= 5.795583 kN
P4= ceiing wt + truss wt.
P4= 6.590819 kN

TRUSS DRAWING
Consider the whole truss as free a body:
P res = P1 + 26(P2) + 2(P3) +27(P4)
P res = 403.6945 kN
By Symmetry:
RAv = RBv = 201.8472 kN

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A

RA
C
RAD

RAh

RAv
ΣFh=0]
RAh = 0 kN
RAh = RADh = 0 kN
ΣFv=0]
Rav = RAC
RAC = 201.8472 kN

At Joint C
P3
 RCE sin θ₁ = 0.280658
sin θ₂ = 0.708187
cos θ₁ = 0.959808
cos θ₂ = 0.706025

RCD
RA
C

ΣFv=0]
RAC = P3 + RCE(sin θ₁) + RCD(sin θ₂)
201.8472 = 2.237 + RCE(0.314) +RCD(0.7082)
ΣFh=0]
RCE(cos θ₁)= RCD(cos θ₂)
RCE = (RCD) 0.73559
RCD = 214.3494 kN
RCE = 157.6733 kN

STRESSES DUE TO WIND LOAD : Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m²

angle θ = 16.29946 °
sin θ = 0.280658
cos θ = 0.959808
PN = 0.984464 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 6.5 m
Spacing of joint, Ljoint = 0.8 m
No of top joints= 15
w= 5.119211 kN cos θ₂ = 0.945703
Wtotal = 71.66896 kN sin θ₂ = 0.325031

TRUSS DRAWING
 ΣMB=0]
RAv (span) = Wtotal(cos θ)(d) - Wtotal (sin θ)(h) d= 14.625 m
RAv = 49.0894 kN h= 2.4255 m
ΣFh=0]
RAh = Wtotal(sin θ)
RAh = 20.11444 kN
ΣFv=0]
RBv = Wtotal(cos θ) - Rav
RBv = 19.69904 kN

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A

RA
C RAD

RAh

RAv

ΣFh=0]
RAh = 20.11444
RAh = RADh
RAD = 21.26929 kN
ΣFv=0]
RAv + RADvRAC
RAC = 56.00258 kN

At Joint C
W/2
 RCE sin θ₁ = 0.280658
sin θ₂ = 0.708187
cos θ₁ = 0.959808
cos θ₂ = 0.706025

RCD
RA
C

ΣFv=0]
RAC = (W/2)(cos θ₁) + RCE(sin θ₁) + RCD(sin θ₂)
56.00258 = 2.8733 + RCE(0.314) +RCD(0.7082)
ΣFh=0]
RCE(cos θ₁)= RCD(cos θ₂) + (W/2)(sin θ₁)
RCE = (RCD) 0.73559 + 0.748455
RCD = 58.31369 kN Designing P (Tension)=
RCE = 43.64342 kN Designing P (Compression)=
272.6631 kN
257.8498 kN
DESIGN OFTRUSSES

Design for Compression:

P= 272.6631 kN Fy= 248 Mpa

Design constants:
k= 1 E= 200000 Mpa L= 1.02605 m

Solve for required area:

let L/r = 0

Factor of safety, FS= 5+ (3kL/r) + (kL/r)3

3 8Cc 8Cc3

= 1.666667

Factored F Fy = 148.8 Mpa

FS

Assumed 80% = 119.04 Mpa

Fy = P trial A = P / Fy
A = 2290.517 mm2

Try 2 - 50 x 50 x 10 mm angular bar

Properties of single L 64 X 51 X 4.8

Area, A = 528 mm²
Weight, W = 4.2 kg/m
Width, B = 63.5 mm
Height H = 50.8 mm
Thickness, t = 4.76 mm
x= 12.9 mm
y= 19.2 mm
Ix = 213000 mm^4
Sx = 4800 mm³
rx = 20.1 mm
Iy = 213000 mm^4
Sy = 4800 mm³
ry = 20.1 mm
Cc = 126.17
A= 1056 mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = 426000 mm^4
Sx = Ix/c = 13481.01 mm³
rx = √Ix/A = 20.08505 mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = 692967.4 mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = 10420.56 mm³
ry = √Iy/A = 25.61677 mm

Therefore Use r = 20.08505 mm

1st condition : if kL/r < Cc , use P /A = Fy (1- (kL/r)2 ) = 136.603

FS 2Cc2

2nd Condition: if kL/r > Cc , use P/A= π²12E = 394.6334

23(L/r)²

kL/r = 51.08527 < 126.17

Therefore use the first condition P/A = 136.603 N/mm²

Check:
P= 136.603 x 1056
P= 144.2528 kN < 272.6631 kN (Failed)

Therefore use 2 - L 64 X 51 X 4.8mm angular bar for compression members

DESIGN OFTRUSSES

Design for Tension:

P= 257.8498 kN
Fy = 248 MPa
Fu = 400 MPa
L= 1.02605
Solve for gross area:
Ft = 0.6Fy = 148.8 MPa
Ag = P/Ft = 1732.862 mm²

Solve for net area:

Ft = 0.5Fu = 200 MPa
Ae = P/Ft = 1289.249 mm²

Solve for minimum radius of gyration:

r = L/300 = 3.420167

Try 2 - L 64 X 38 X 4.8mm angular bar

Properties of single L 64 X 38 X 4.8

Area, A = 467 mm²
Weight, W = 3.6 kg/m
Width, B = 63.5 mm
Height H = 38.1 mm
Thickness, t = 4.76 mm
x= 8.81 mm
y= 21.3 mm
Ix = 193000 mm^4
Sx = 4590 mm³
rx = 20.3 mm
Iy = 193000 mm^4
Sy = 4590 mm³
ry = 20.3 mm
A= 934 mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = 386000 mm^4
Sx = Ix/c = 22976.19 mm³
rx = √Ix/A = 20.3292 mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = 516270.7 mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = 7763.469
ry = √Iy/A = 23.51069 mm

Therefore Use r = 20.3292 mm

Solve for the length of each side fillet weld required for balance condition:

Minimum Tensile Strength (Fu) of Weld for E60 Electrode = 425 MPa

Allowable shear on effective area of weld:

Fv = 0.3Fu = 127.5 MPa

Allowable shear on base metal: (Use A36 (Fy = 250 MPa) for all steels)
Fv = 0.4Fy = 99.2 MPa

Considering one member only:

P/2 = 128.9249 kN
Length of weld on one side, L = L1 = L2

Based on weld metal shear:

L = P/(0.707tFv) = 239 mm

Based on base metal shear:

Av = t x L = 6L (contact area between the weld and metal)
P = AvFv = 6L(Fv)
L= 217 mm

Use L = 239 mm

For balanced condition:

L1y1 = L2y2

y1 = 14.5 mm
y2 = 35.5 mm

L1 = 2.448276 L2
L2 = 70 mm
L1 = 172 mm

Solve for Effective Net Area (Ae) for Welded Connections:

Ae = uAg
L>W
Where:
` L= Length of Weld
W= Distance Between Welds

When L > 2W u = 1
When 2W > L > 1.5W u = 0.87
When 1.5W > L > W u = 0.75

Case
1 172 > 76.2 1
2 76.2 > 172 > 57.15 0
3 57.15 > 172 > 38.1 0
Therefore Use u = 1
Ae = 934 < 1289.249 (failed)

Therefore use L 64 X 38 X 4.8mm angular bar for tension members