Appendix 1a

QUALITY STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL WORKS

Part 1 : Reinforced Concrete Structures

Item* Standards

1 Formwork

1a Formwork dimensions 1) Tolerance for cross-sectional dimensions of cast in-situ &

and openings for precast elements: +10mm / -5mm
services

2) Tolerance for penetration / opening for services: +10mm for

size and ±25mm for location

3) Tolerance for length of precast members (major dimension

of unit):
• Up to 3m: ±6mm
• 3m to 4.5m: ±9mm
• 4.5m to 6m: ±12mm
• Additional deviation for every subsequent 6m: ±6mm

1b Alignment, plumb and 1) Tolerance for departure of any point from its position:
level 10mm

2) Tolerance for plumb: 3mm / m, maximum 20mm

3) Maximum deviation of mean level of staircase thread to

temporary bench mark: ±5mm

4) For cast in-situ elements, the deviation of level of any point

from the intended level: ±10mm

1c Condition of formwork, 1) Formwork must be free from defects

props & bracing
2) Before concreting, the interior must be free from debris

3) All formwork joints must not have gaps to prevent leakage

4) There must be adequate support, bracing and tie-back for

the formwork to prevent bulging or displacement of
structural elements

2 Reinforcement
(cast in-situ & Precast)

2a Main & Secondary 1) According to structural drawings (numbers / sizes)

rebars

2) Spacing of bars not more than that specified

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Item* Standards

2b Anchorages & lap 1) Required lap length not less than that specified
lengths

2c Cover provision 1) According to specifications with tolerance of +5mm

2d Links, stirrups and 1) According to structural drawings (numbers / sizes)

trimming bars

2) Spacing of links not more than specified

2e Rebar Condition 1) Rebars must be securely and properly tied in place

2) Rebars must be freed from concrete dropping, corrosion

etc

3 Finished Concrete
(cast in-situ & Precast)

3a Dimension for elements 1) Tolerance for cross-sectional dimension of cast in-situ and
/ opening for services precast elements: +10mm / -5mm

2) Tolerance for opening: +10 for size and ±25mm for location

3) Tolerance for length of precast members (major dimension

of unit):
• Up to 3m: ±6mm
• 3m to 4.5m: ±9mm
• 4.5m to 6m: ±12mm
• Additional deviation for every subsequent 6m: ±6mm

4) Straightness or bow (deviation from intended line) of

precast member:
• Up to 3m: 6mm
• 3m to 6m: 9mm
• 4.5m to 6m: 12mm
• Additional deviation for every subsequent 6m: 6mm

5) Squareness of precast member – Difference between the

greatest and shortest dimensions should not exceed the
following:
Length of shorter sides
• Up to and including 1.2m: 6mm
• Over 1.2m but less than 1.8m: 9mm
• 1.8m and over: 12mm

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Item* Standards

6) Twist of precast member – Any corner should not be more

than the deviation stated from the plane containing the
other 3 corners:
• Up to 600mm wide and 6m in length: 6mm
• Over 600mm wide and for any length: 12mm

7) Flatness: 6mm per 1.5m

3b Alignment, plumb and 1) Tolerance for departure of any point from its position:
level ±10mm

2) Tolerance for plumb: 3mm / 1m, maximum 20mm for floor

to floor height and 40mm for the entire building height

3) Maximum deviation of mean level: ±10mm

4) For cast in-situ elements, the maximum deviation of levels

within the element: 10mm

5) Camber at mid-span: according to specifications

3c Exposed surface 1) Should not have visual exposure of groups of coarse

aggregates resulting from grout leakage

2) Cold joint & formwork joint must be smooth

3) No bulging of structural elements

4) All formwork, nails, zinc strips, etc must be removed

5) No cracks or damages

4 Precast Specific
Requirements

4a Lifting points/inserts 1) Tolerance for position: ±20mm from centre line location in
drawing

2) Lifting devices and inserts free from damages

4b Sleeve 1) Tolerance for position: ±6mm from centre line location in

system/connections drawings

2) Bar protrusion length according to requirements. No

bending, cranking or damages to bars

3) Bars free from concrete droppings or corrosion

4) Sleeves, grout holes, grout tubes not congested with debris

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 Appendix 1a

Item* Standards

4c Interface/joint 1) Joint taper:

requirements • Over 3m length: 6mm
• Maximum for entire length: 9mm

2) Alignment of horizontal and vertical joint: ±6mm

3) Jog in alignment of matching edges: 6mm

4) Sitting of element: according to specifications

5) Installation of sealant and waterproofing: according to

specifications

4d Cast-in steel 1) Tolerance for position of cast-in steel items: ±6mm from
items/welded & bolted centre line location in drawings
connections

2) Tolerance for position of openings for bolt connections:

±3mm from centre line location in drawings

3) Relevant requirements in CONQUAS steelwork standards

to be used where applicable

5 Structure Quality

5a Concrete Cube test 1) According to specifications; for every pour of concrete, test
cubes results at 28 days must satisfy the passing criteria as
in SS289

5b Reinforcement (Rebar) 1) To pass the tensile strength test for all the reinforcement
bars used as according to:
- SS2:1999 for Grade 500 ribbed bars or
- SS2:1987 for Grade 460 ribbed bars

2) All the welded steel fabric used to comply with SS32 in

their respective specified characteristic strength of not less
than 250 N per mm2, 460 N per mm2 and 485 N per mm2

3) No non-conforming reinforcement detected through test

records has been installed in the structure

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Item* Standards

6 Non-destructive testing

6a Ultra Pulse Velocity test 1) To conduct NDT using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) to
for Concrete Uniformity check the degree of uniformity of hardened concrete

2) 5 columns/walls per set and 2 readings per column/wall

3) Assessment is based on the difference between 2 UPV

readings within a column/wall not exceeding 0.05 km/s

4) Method as per SS 78 : Part B3 : 1992

6b Electro-Covermeter test 1) To check hardened concrete cover for reinforcement bars

for concrete cover after casting: minimum according to specification

2) 5 structural members per set including:

a 3 for slab soffit @ 4 readings each

b 1 for column @ 2 readings each on both axis of the column

c 1 for beam @ 2 readings each on the soffit and one side of

the beam

3) For each reading, full point for ±5mm and half point for
>±5mm to ±8mm. For each location, no point will be
awarded if any of the 4 readings exceeds ±12mm.

4) Method as per SS 78 : Part B4 : 1992

For the assessment of concrete cube test results, the percentage of points shall be awarded based
on the percentage of non-compliance as tabulated in the table below :

Percentage of Points awarded Percentage of non-compliance

100% 0 - 2.5%
75% 2.6 - 5.0%
50% 5.1 - 7.5%
25% 7.6 - 10%
0% > 10%

* An item is deemed to have failed if any one of the standards is not met.

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 Appendix 1b

QUALITY STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL WORKS

Part 2 : Structural Steel Works

Item* Standards

1 Main member/Partial
assembled component

1a Physical dimensions 1) Cross sectional tolerance should meet approved structural

steel specifications or approved plan

2) Tolerance for length of structural steel member: ±3mm

3) Tolerance for bolt hole size:

• ≤2mm for bolt diameter < 24mm
• ≤3mm for bolt diameter ≥ 24mm
Tolerance for bolt hole position: ±2mm

1b Type and condition 1) According to the structural steel specifications

2) Surface preparation shall meet the surface roughness

specifications

3) Material used must be traceable to its original mill

certificates

1c Welding 1) Weld size, length and profile shall meet the structural steel
specifications and drawings

2) Visual inspection shall meet the structural steel

specifications

3) All weld shall follow approved welding procedures

4) All welding must be done by qualified welders

1d Bolting 1) Bolts and washers, type, size and number shall be

according to the structural steel specifications

2) Drilled holes shall be free from burrs

3) The condition of bolted parts adjacent to the bolt heads,

nuts, flat washers, connection gussets and splice plates
shall be free from oil, paint, and loose mill scales or
otherwise specified by the structural steel specifications

4) Gap between adjacent parts shall not exceed 2mm

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Item* Standards

5) Bolts shall be tightened to specified torque or as specified

by the structural steel specifications

6) Threaded bolts protruding at least one thread length with

washers

2 Metal decking

2a Type and condition 1) Correct type and thickness of metal decking used

2) All decking joints must not have gaps

3) All metal decking must be properly secured in place

4) Metal decking must be free from defects and visible

damages

5) Before concreting, the decking must be free from grease,

oil, paint, and all other foreign materials

6) All accessories such as pour stop, end closures and cover

plates must be in place before concreting

2b Shear studs 1) Correct number and type of shear studs used

2) Spacing and position according to approved plan

3) Strength of shear stud welds not less than specified

4) All welds should show a full 360-degree weld fillet. All

welds free from visible damages

2c Lapping and deck 1) According to structural steel specifications or approved

openings plan

3 Erection tolerances

3a Column verticality 1) Tolerance for verticality: ±H/600 or 5mm, maximum

±25mm; where H is the floor to floor height in mm.

3b Column position 1) The position in plan of a steel column at the base shall not
deviate from the specified position by more than 10mm
along either of the principal setting out axes

3c Beam level 1) Maximum deviation of level at each end of the same beam:
±5mm

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 Appendix 1b

Item* Standards

2) The level of the top of the steelwork at any storey shall be

within ±10mm of the specified level

3d Beam position 1) Beams shall not deviate from their specified positions
relative to the column to which they are connected by more
than 5mm

4 Corrosion and fire

protection

4a Thickness of coating 1) Average thickness of the coating or the protective layer

must not be less than specified

4b Condition 1) No visible damages

2) No spalling of coating or protective layer from structural

steel members

5 Welding test reports # 1) Reports for all critical welding joints from the specified
contract requirements must to be submitted

2) Test reports must comply with the acceptable criteria and

to be endorsed by client’s representative

# For test records, the following table would be used to determine the points awarded:

Points awarded Percentage of elements checked which does not comply

20 0%
15 0%<x≤5%
10 5%<x≤10%
5 10%<x≤15%
0 x>15%

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 Appendix 1c

QUALITY STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL WORKS

Part 3 : Pre-stressed Concrete

Item* Standards

1 Condition of tendons & 1) All pre-stressing strands and wires should comply with the
anchorages specified standards and requirements and be free from
loose rust, oil, tar, paint and any foreign objects

2) All tendon anchorage are to comply with the specified

standards and protected from corrosion

Thread parts to be greased wrapped and tapped holes

protected until use

2 Installation of sheathing 1) Sheathing properly secured and protected and free from
damage or puncture

2) Sheathing profile according to drawings throughout the

length with position tolerance: ±5mm

3) Splice to sheathing shall be mortar tight

4) Air vents or grout tubes provided according to the drawing

3 Stressing & Grouting 1) Tendon ducts clean and free from foreign objects and
process tendon free moving in the duct

2) Strands stressed to the final pressure / elongation within

the specific % accuracy of the stipulated value

3) All grouting operations of the tendons must be smooth and

achieved without need to flush out in the first grouting

4 Debonding 1) Open ends of debond tubes over the debond length of

strands sealed

2) Debond lengths according to the drawings

3) Debonding materials not punctured or damaged

* An item is deemed to have failed if any one of the standards is not met.

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