Equation Sheet

n = sample population size at risk during the same time span Sx = sample standard deviation
t = time R = rate Pearson Coefficient of Correlation = r (given value)
*Note, 10 will generally mean multiplying by 100,000
x

𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑦

Relative Frequency = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑅(1−𝑅)
Confidence Interval (95%) = 𝑅 ± 1.96√ 𝑛
Coefficient of Determination = r 2

# 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
Incidence Rate = 𝐼𝑅 = * 10x
𝑛

# 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
Person-Time Rate (Incidence Density Rate) = 𝐼𝐷𝑅 = * 100
Σ(𝑛∗𝑡)

# 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
Attack Rate (Cumulative Incidence Rate) = 𝐶𝐼𝑅 = *100
𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

# 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠

Secondary Attack Rate = 𝑆𝐴𝑅 = * 100
(𝑛−# 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠)

# 𝑛𝑒𝑤+# 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠

Point Prevalence Proportion = 𝑃𝑃𝑃 = * 100
𝑛

# 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
Standard Mortality/Morbidity Rate = 𝑆𝑀𝑅 = # 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠

(#𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠<15 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑) + (#𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠 >65 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑)

Dependency Ratio = * 100
# 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 15−64

# 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 # 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠

Birthrate = * 1,000 Fertility Rate = # 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑒 15−49 * 1,000
𝑛

# 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑥

Age-Specific Fertility Rate = 𝐴𝑆𝐹𝑅 = * 1,000
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Σ(𝐴𝑆𝐹𝑅∗5)
Total Fertility Rate = 𝑇𝐹𝑅 = 1,000

# 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

Contraceptive Prevalence = 𝐶𝑃 = * 100
# 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
Crude Mortality Rate = 𝑀𝑅 = * 10x
𝑛

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒

Cause-Specific Mortality Rate = * 10x
𝑛
 # 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
Case-Fatality Rate = * 100
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒

Proportional Mortality Ratio = 𝑃𝑀𝑅 = * 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒

Death-to-Case Ratio = # 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 * 100

Years of Potential Life Lost = 𝑌𝑃𝐿𝐿 = Σ[(𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ) − (𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ)]

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑔𝑒+𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑔𝑒+1

Age Group Midpoint = 2

YPLL on Group Level = Σ[(𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ − 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡) ∗ # 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝]

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 0−1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Infant Mortality Rate = # 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠
* 1,000

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 0−27 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

Neonatal Mortality Rate = * 1,000
# 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑 28−364 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate = * 1,000
# 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠

(# 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠)+(# 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 7 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒)

Perinatal Mortality Rate = (# 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑠)+(# 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠)
* 1,000

# 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑢𝑝 𝑡𝑜 42 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦)

Maternal Mortality Rate = *100,000
# 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠

Subscript 0 means unexposed; Subscript e means exposed; Subscript t means in total population

𝑎⁄ 𝑎⁄
𝑎∗𝑑 (𝑎+𝑏) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛−𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑒
Odds Ratio = 𝑂𝑅 = 𝑏∗𝑐
Risk Ratio = 𝑅𝑅 = 𝑐⁄ Rate Ratio = 𝑐⁄
(𝑐+𝑑) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛−𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒0

𝑎
Cumulative Incidence Rate for Exposed = 𝐼𝑒 = ∗ 10𝑥
𝑎+𝑏

𝑐
Cumulative Incidence Rate for Unexposed = 𝐼0 = ∗ 10𝑥
𝑐+𝑑

𝐼𝑒 −𝐼0
Attributable Risk = 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐼𝑒 − 𝐼0 Attributable Risk Percent = ∗ 100
𝐼𝑒

Population Attributable Risk = = 𝑃𝐴𝑅 = 𝐼𝑡 − 𝐼0

Clinical Epidemiological Table
Test Result Present Not Present
Positive True Positive (a) False Positive (b)
Negative False Negative (c) True Negative (d)
a+c b+d

𝑎 𝑑 (𝑎+𝑑)
Sensitivity = (𝑎+𝑐) Specificity = (𝑏+𝑑) Overall Accuracy = (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑)

𝑎
Predictive Value Positive = 𝑃𝑉 + = (𝑎+𝑏)

𝑑
Predictive Value Negative = 𝑃𝑉 − = (𝑐+𝑑)