Read Aloud

1. Christ of the Andes, statue of Jesus commemorating a series of peace and boundary
treaties between Argentina and Chile. Dedicated Mar. 13, 1904, it stands in Uspallata
Pass, high in the Andes, on the Argentine-Chilean boundary. A tablet added in 1937
bears in Spanish the inscription: “Sooner shall these mountains crumble into dust
than Argentines and Chileans break the peace sworn at the feet of Christ the
Redeemer.”

2. Land art or earthworks, art form developed in the late 1960s and early 70s by Robert
Smithson, Robert Morris, Michael Heizer, and others, in which the artist employs the
elements of nature in situ or rearranges the landscape with earth moving
equipment. The resulting work, often vast in scale, is subject to all natural changes,
such as temperature variations, light and darkness, wind, and erosion. The technique
was in part an attempt to counter the perception of art as an acquirable commodity,
although as the movement developed such items as site photographs, cartographic
studies, and artists’ notebooks were made available to collectors.

3. kinetic art, term referring to sculptured works that include motion as a significant
dimension. The form was pioneered by Marcel Duchamp, Naum Gabo, and
Alexander Calder. Kinetic art is either nonmechanical, e.g., Calder’s mobiles, or
mechanical, e.g., works by Gabo, László Moholy-Nagy, and Jean Tinguely. The latter
sort of kineticism developed in response to an increasingly technological culture.

4. Abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York

City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the
following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first
important school in American painting to declare its independence from European
styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave
impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso,
Miró, and surrealism, became more personally expressive.

5. Altman, Sidney,1939–, Canadian-American molecular biologist, b. Montreal, Ph.D.,

Univ. of Colorado, 1967. A professor at Yale Univ. since 1971, he discovered that RNA
could function as enzymes; it was previously thought that enzymatic activity was
only possible in protein molecules. His discovery has a potential use in fighting viral
infections. For this work, Altman shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics with Thomas
Cech, who independently made the same discovery.
6. Pop art, movement that restored realism to avant-garde art; it first emerged in Great
Britain at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract
expressionism. British and American pop artists employed imagery found in comic
strips, soup cans, soda bottles, and other commonplace objects to express formal
abstract relationships. By this means they provided a meeting ground where artist
and layman could come to terms with art.

7. Abdomen, in humans and other vertebrates, portion of the trunk between the
diaphragm and lower pelvis. In humans the wall of the abdomen is a muscular
structure covered by fascia, fat, and skin. The abdominal cavity is lined with a thin
membrane, the peritoneum, which encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, and gall
bladder; the pancreas, kidneys, and urinary bladder are located behind the
peritoneum.

8. Patroon painters, group of portraitists active in colonial New York from 1715 to
1730. Their work embodied the first clearly American style. The Patroon painters
served the Dutch families of New York, painting full or three-quarter-length figures,
often gesturing and placed within an architectural setting. Animal and floral motifs
were common in their works.

9. Aging, in biology, cumulative changes in an organism, organ, tissue, or cell leading to

a decrease in functional capacity. In humans, aging is associated with degenerative
changes in the skin, bones, heart, blood vessels, lungs, nerves, and other organs and
tissues. The branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of aging in humans is
geriatrics.

10. Eskimo art. The art of the Eskimo peoples arose some 2,000 years ago in the Bering
Sea area and in Canada. Traditional art consisted of small utilitarian objects, such as
weapons and tools, as well as diminutive animals, carved and incised in walrus ivory,
bone, and stone. The subjects of Eskimo art reflected their lives as hunters and
fishermen, as well as their extensive mythology. Carved and painted wooden masks
of the 19th cent. were used in various rituals. Modern Eskimo art dates from the late
1940s, when Canadians encouraged the development of art by native artisans
working in traditional modes.
11. Marijuana or marijuana, drug obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of
the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (see hemp) or C. indica; the latter species can
withstand colder climates. It is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world,
following only caffeine, nicotine, and alcoholic beverages in popularity. In the United
States, where it is usually smoked, it also has been called weed, grass, pot, or reefer.

12. Performance art, multimedia art form originating in the 1970s in which performance
is the dominant mode of expression. Performance art may incorporate such
elements as instrumental or electronic music, song, dance, television, film, sculpture,
spoken dialogue, and storytelling. Its roots lie in early 20th-century modernist
experiments with mixed media, particularly in Dada performances.

13. An antibody, protein produced by the immune system (see immunity) in response to
the presence in the body of antigens: foreign proteins or polysaccharides such as
bacteria, bacterial toxins, viruses, or other cells or proteins. Such antigens are
capable of inflicting damage by chemically combining with natural substances in the
body and disrupting the body’s processes. The body contains hundreds of thousands
of different white blood cells called B lymphocytes, each capable of producing one
type of antibody and each bearing sites on its membrane that will bind with a
specific antigen.

14. Dynamic contrast refers to a combination of different sensations in the same food. In
the words of Witherly, foods with dynamic contrast have “an edible shell that goes
crunch followed by something soft or creamy and full of taste-active compounds.
This rule applies to a variety of our favorite food structures — the caramelized top of
a creme brulee, a slice of pizza, or an Oreo cookie — the brain finds crunching
through something like this very novel and thrilling.”

15. Human beings have been procrastinating for centuries. The problem is so timeless, in
fact, that ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle developed a word to
describe this type of behavior: Akrasia. Akrasia is the state of acting against your
better judgment. It is when you do one thing even though you know you should do
something else. Loosely translated, you could say that akrasia is procrastination or a
lack of self-control.
16. Beginning with his first novel in 1847, Anthony Trollope wrote at an incredible pace.
Over the next 38 years, he published 47 novels, 18 works of non-fiction, 12 short
stories, 2 plays, and an assortment of articles and letters. Let’s break down why
Trollope's simple strategy allowed the author to be so productive and how we can
use it in our own lives.

17. No single act will uncover more creative genius than forcing yourself to create
consistently. Practicing your craft over and over is the only way to become decent at
it. The person who sits around theorizing about what a best-selling book looks like
will never write it. Meanwhile, the writer who shows up every day and puts their
butt in the chair and their hands on the keyboard — they are learning how to do the
work.

18. Multitasking forces your brain to switch your focus back and forth very quickly from
one task to another. This wouldn't be a big deal if the human brain could transition
seamlessly from one job to the next, but it can't. Have you ever been in the middle
of writing an email when someone interrupts you? When the conversation is over
and you get back to the message, it takes you a few minutes to get your bearings,
remember what you were writing, and get back on track. Something similar happens
when you multitask.

19. Pushpins, also known as thumbtacks for bulletin boards, are very popular in
corporate offices. They are used to hang daily office documents. Normally, pushpins
have a metal point and a top with a cylindrical shape head whereas bulletin boards
are made out of cork. It is a very useful tool for employees and managers as they
mainly use it to hang memos, calendars, work manuals, and others.

20. Domestication is an evolutionary, rather than a political, development. It is certainly

not a regime humans imposed on animals some 10,000 years ago. Rather,
domestication happened when a small handful of especially opportunistic species
discovered through Darwinian trial and error that they were more likely to survive
and prosper in an alliance with humans than on their own.

21. Road bicycle racing is the cycle sports discipline of road cycling, held on paved roads.
Road racing is the most popular professional form of bicycle racing, in terms of
numbers of competitors, event, and spectators. The two most common competition
formats are mass start events, where riders start simultaneously and race to set
finish point; and time trials, where individual riders or teams race a course alone
against the clock.
22. Currently, integration is increasingly needed in the business environment. This need
emerges from the efficiency and synergy requirements necessary in a complex and
turbulent environment. In other words, integration is needed to facilitate
coordination, which is again related to the building of competitive advantage.

23. Located at the heart of two world famous cities, Liverpool and London, Liverpool’s
excellence in teaching, learning and research, first-class facilities and outstanding
support places the university in the top 1% of universities worldwide. The University
of Liverpool will provide you with an inspiring student experience, in a diverse
international community.

24. According to Guinness World Records, the longest reticulated python in captivity is
Medusa, who lives in Kansas City, US. She is 25ft. Natusch lists several species that
are said to exceed the reticulated python record for length. These include the
Australian scrub python, African rock python and probably the best known: the
green anaconda.

25. Many non-Japanese know a thing or two about traditional tea ceremony, its history,
intricacies and religious origins. However, few people outside Japan have a deep
understanding of the esoteric meaning of the practice. Indeed, even in Japan, the
secret meaning of tea ceremony is little understood except by those who have
devoted their lives to the discipline.

26. Avalanche is rapidly descending large mass of snow, ice, soil, rock, or mixtures of
these materials, sliding or falling in response to the force of gravity. Avalanches,
which are natural forms of erosion and often seasonal, are usually classified by their
content such as a debris or snow avalanche.

27. Akimbo, this must be one of the odder-looking words in the language. It puzzles us in
part because it doesn’t seem to have any relatives. What’s more, it is now virtually a
fossil word, until almost invariably found in arms Akimbo, a posture in which a
person stands with hands on hips and elbows sharply bent outward, one that signals
impatience and hostility.
28. Many papers you write in college will require you to include quotes from one or
more sources. Even if you don’t have to do it, integrating a few quotes into your
writing can add life and persuasiveness to your arguments. The key is to use quotes
to support a point you’re trying to make rather than just include them to fill space.

29. The main production of soft drink was stored in 1830’s & since then from those
experimental beginning, there was an evolution until in 1781 when the world’s first
cola-flavored beverage was introduced.These drinks were called soft drinks, only to
separate them from hard alcoholic drinks. Today, soft drink is more favorite
refreshment drink than tea, coffee, juice etc.

30. Since 2003, borrowing for education advanced faster, in percentage terms, than all
other types of consumer debt that includes mortgages, auto loans and credit cards,
data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York show. As of the fourth quarter,
student loans represented 10.5 percent of a record $13.1 trillion in household debt,
up from 3.3 percent at the start of 2003.

31. The next wave of leaders in industrial manufacturing will build an ecosystem that
capitalizes on the promise of analytics and connectivity to maximize efficiency for
themselves and their customers. They will map out their strategies and prioritize
measures that will bring the most value to their business, starting now with pilot
projects, and building greater strengths in data analytics with cross-functional teams
of experts.

32. A young man from a small provincial town, a man without independent wealth,
without powerful family confections and without a university education, moved to
London in the late 1580’s and, in a remarkably short time, because of the greatest
playwright not of his age alone but of all time. How did Shakespeare become
Shakespeare?

33. Plato often discusses the father-son relationship and the question of whether a
father’s interest in his sons has much to do with how well his sons turn out. In
ancient Athens, a boy was socially located by his family identity, and Plato often
refers to his characters in terms of their paternal and fraternal relationships.
Socrates was not a family man and saw himself as the son of his mother, who was
apparently a midwife.
34. During the Early Modern period, the universities of Europe would see a tremendous
amount of growth, productivity, and innovative research. At the end of the Middle
Ages, about 400 years after the first European university was founded, there were
twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe.

35. Flags can be unifying to a country, and many times are. A country that can look to its
flag flown high above the landscape in times of trouble and remember that the
country will go on. People that have never met before can feel unity towards one
another knowing that they’re part of the same country and fly the same flag.

36. Banksia scabrella, commonly known as the Burma Road banksia, is a species of
woody shrub in the genus Banksia. It is classified in the series Abietinae, a group of
several species of shrubs with small round or oval inflorescence. It occurs in a
number of isolated populations south of Geraldton, Western Australia, with the
largest population being south and east of Mount Adams.

37. The Bermuda Triangle is a mythical section of the Atlantic Ocean roughly bounded by
Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico where dozens of ships and airplanes have
disappeared. Unexplained circumstances surround some of these accidents,
including one in which the pilots of a squadron of U.S. Navy bombers became
disoriented while flying over the area; the planes were never found.

38. One of the most popular natural dandruff remedies, coconut oil can help reduce
some of the yeast that contributes to flakes, explains Geeta Shah, MD, a Maryland-
based dermatologist. She recommends massaging a small amount into your scalp
and leaving it there for at least 15-20 minutes. “The longer the better,” she says.
“Some people even leave it on overnight with a towel or shower cap so it penetrates
a little deeper.”

39. The Earth just had the hottest month in recorded history, and it’s even worse than
normal. The record comes in a run of unprecedentedly hot months. Not only does it
break through the all-time record set a year before, it also continues a now 10-
month long streak of months that are the hottest ever according to NASA data. The
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration calculates temperatures slightly
different.
40. Smartphones have become an everyday essential for millions of us – we rely on
them for everything from updating our social media profiles to banking. Taking out a
smartphone contract that bundles together your calls, data, and texts with the cost
of the handset can help spread the cost – but can also mean you’ll pay more over the
long run.

41. The weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the
weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, covering the entire
Earth asynchronously, or geostationary, hovering over the same spot on the equator.
Meteorological satellites see more than clouds and cloud systems. City lights, fires,
effects of pollution, auroras, sand and dust storms, snow cover, ice mapping,
boundaries of ocean currents, energy flows, etc.

42. On 2 January 1959, the Soviets launched Luna I, their first lunar probe. Tracking data
was obtained for Space Track by the Goldstone site of the California Institute of
Technology, which verified that the probe had headed for the moon. Dr. Curtis used
a plot of this data in a presentation to a committee of the US House of
Representatives.