DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AGE FOR SCHOOL

PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN MOTHER WORK AND DO NOT WORK

at RA AR-ROHMAH KECAMATAN MOJOSARI

Hidayatul lailiyah1, Tri Ratnaningsih2, Asirotul Ma’rifah3

1
Bachelor of Nursing Study Program for Stikes Bina healthy PPNI Mojokerto
2
Lecturers of Nursing for Children of Stikes Bina Sehat, PPNI Mojokerto
3
Midwifery of Stikes Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto

e-mail: hidayatullailiyah98@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Children aged 4-6 years are known as the golden age for motoric, language and
social development for children. Mothers have a major role in providing stimulation
during the golden age to achieve optimal child development, in working mothers less in
providing stimulation that can cause developmental delay for the child itself. The purpose
of this study was to determine differences in the development of preschool children in
working mothers and not working. The study design was descriptive comparative with a
cross sectional approach. The study population was all preschool children (4-6 years)
with their mothers (working and not working) at RA Ar-Rohmah as many as 80
respondents. Samples totaling 72 respondents were taken using purposive sampling
technique. Data sources used primary data, instruments using questionnaire sheets and
DDST II, and DDST II data collection through observation. The results of the study using
Mann Whitney analysis obtained probability pvalue = 0.002 less than α = 0.005, which
means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means there are differences in the
development of preschool children in working mothers and not working in RA-Ar-
Rohmah Mojosari District. Working mothers provide less time for their children
compared to mothers who do not work. Stimulation and closeness of the mother is very
necessary when preschoolers, if the mother works or does not work, gives a very optimal
time to give attention and stimulus to the child, the child will have normal development,
and if otherwise the working mother or non-working mother cannot take advantage time
optimally can delay the development of their children.

Keywords: Child development, preschool age, mother's job

INTRODUCTION Development is a perfect increase

in the function of body tools that can be
achieved through growing maturity and
learning, consisting of coarse and subtle
abilities, hearing, vision,
communication, speech, emotion-social,
independence, intelligence, and moral
development (Wafi, 2010). Pre-school
age children are children from three
years to six years old (Kyle, Terri
Carman, 2014). At the age of three to
four years, children usually take part in a
play group program while children aged
four to six years usually take part in a
kindergarten program (Patmonodewo,
2008). According to Andrian (2013) in
pre-school age children it is important to
pay attention to their growth and
development because in the pre-school
period it was the basic stage that was
influential and became the basis for
further developments. (Astuti, 2018)
Child development requires very
important attention, attention is a
dilemma for mothers who work after
childbirth because they cannot
accompany each other and monitor their
child's development.
In this globalization era, the
number of women working is
increasing, both in the formal and
informal sectors. Based on data from the
Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in
February 2017, the female labor force
participation rate (TPAK) increased by
2.33 percent to 55.04 percent from the
previous one, 52.71 percent in February
2016. In fact, according to research from
Grant Thornton in 2018, Indonesia is
one of the countries that has the best
increase in the number of women
occupying senior positions in companies
with an increase from 24 percent in 2016
to 28 percent in 2017. On the one hand
they are required to work outside the
home and on the other hand they are
also required to do routine household
work (Employment, 2018).
Based on previous research
conducted by Mutmainah (2016), it was
concluded that most secure attachment
levels showed that Muslimat NU 1
children in RA Belung Poncokusumo
Malang felt safe being near their
mothers, mothers fulfilling children's
needs, open feelings between mothers
and children, children telling which he
experienced and the mother did not
refuse or ignore the child. The results of
the study showed that there was an
influence on the level of the child's
secure attachment to children's
independence.
Working mothers provide less
time for their children than for mothers
who do not work. Continual absence of
the mother in the midst of her child
causes children to get less cognitive and
emotional attention. The negative impact
of the working mother is that the mother
is not always present at important times
when she is needed by her family and
can have an impact on children's
development.
Child development is very
important, to develop children's
development, children need to get
stimulation as early as possible and
continuously on every occasion. The
stimulation is an activity
stimulate the child's basic ability to grow
and develop optimally. Based on the
description above, the researchers
wanted to know the differences in child
development in working mothers and
did not work using the Denver II
method.
MATHERIAL AND METHODS
This research uses descriptive
comparative research method with cross
sectional approach. The population in
this study were all preschool children
who had working and non-working
mothers as many as 80 respondents in
RA Ar-Rohmah Kec. Mojosari. In this
study, the sampling used was the
NonProbability Sampling technique with
the Purposive sampling method, which
is based on certain characteristics or
characteristics (Setiadi, 2013). The
sample in this study was 72 respondents
consisting of 36 children with working
mothers and 36 children with mothers
not working at RA Ar-Rohmah Kec.
Mojosari. In this study data collection on
the development of preschool children in
working and non-working mothers using
the Denver II form sheet. After the data
is collected, data processing is done by
editing, coding, scoring, tabulating and
analyzing the data using the Wilcoxon-
Mann Whitney Test test with the help of
SPSS.
RESULT
Based on the results of research
conducted on 72 respondents, the
following results were obtained:
Table 1.1 Development of Preschool
Children in Working and Non-
Working Mothers in RA Ar-Rohmah
Kec. Mojosari
N Mother’s Child Development
o Work Suspect Normal
f % f %
1. Work 22 61,1 14 38,9
2. Does nor 9 25,0 27 75,0
work
Based on Table 1.1 shows the
results that most child development in
working mothers in the suspect category
were 22 respondents (61.1%) and child
development in mothers who did not
work showed results that most child
development in mothers did not work in
the normal category as many as 27
respondents ( 75.0%).
Table 1.2 Analysis of the Development
of Preschool Children on Working
Mothers and Not Working at RA Ar-
Rohmah Kec. Mojosari.
Child
Developm
ent
Mann-Whitney U 414,000
1080,00
Wilcoxon W
0
Z -3,073
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,002
Based on Tablel 2.1, the results of
the analysis using Mann Withney Test
using the SPSS version.20 on the
development of preschool children show
that pvalue = 0.002 is less than α =
0.005 which means H0 is rejected and
H1 is accepted which means there are
differences in the development of
working preschoolers and does not work
in RA - Ar-Rohmah Kec. Mojosari.
DISSCUSION
1. Development of Preschool
Children in Working Mothers in
RA Ar-Rohmah Kec. Mojosari
Based on the results of research
conducted at RA Ar-Rohmah's school, it
was shown that children of working
mothers, children seemed to pay less
attention to teachers and were less able
to do what was instructed and taught by
the teacher. Reviewed with data based
on table 1.1 shows the results that most
child development in working mothers
in the suspect category were 22
respondents (61.1%).
 Working mothers provide less
time for their children compared to
mothers who do not work. The
continuous absence of the mother in the
midst of her child causes the child to get
less cognitive and emotional attention.
The absence of this mother is perceived
by the child as a rejection of the child.
Working mothers have a negative impact
on children's development, but the
negative impact can be corrected or
neutralized by the intensity or quality of
the time and relationship between
mother and child. Although the intensity
of mother and child time is small and
not frequent, but if quality, the behavior
of children who are naughty and deviant
can be prevented and prevented (Mifta,
2013). Working or not working after
giving birth is a common dilemma faced
by working mothers. Today most of the
mothers choose to return to work after
giving birth, even though they realize
returning to work means having to hire
caregivers to care for children during
working mothers (Ariyanti, 2010).
The development of children in
this study shows that most of the
development of respondents in the
category suspect developmental checks
using DDST II. This is because the
respondents who were stated suspect in
this study experienced 2 caution. The
caution that occurs is when the child
cannot interpret the word asked by the
researcher, what is the lake like? What is
the fence? and some children who fail
seem confused to answer questions such
as if the horse is big, the mouse is?, and
carry out orders from the researcher.
From the observations of children whose
language development was delayed
because the children were less invited to
speak and were given less questions by
their parents, because they were left to
work by their parents when the child
finished returning home from school,
most children who were late stayed in an
environment where most of the
population work, so when children want
to play outside the home there tends to
be no friends who can be invited to play
because children tend to stay inside the
house.
The role of parents is very
important in improving children's
development, but the fact is still often
found lack of attention from parents.
One of them is because some parents,
especially mothers, must help earn a
living to meet economic needs. Mothers
play an important role in stimulating the
development of children, when the
mother comes home from work the child
has gone to sleep which causes the child
to get less stimulation that results child
development is less developed
optimally.
2. Development of Preschool
Children in Mothers Not
Working at Ar-Rohmah RA
Kec.Mojosari
Based on the results of research
conducted at RA Ar-Rohmah's school,
the development of children from
mothers did not work, children were so
calm when listening to the teacher
teaching and able to do what was told by
the teacher and able to imitate what the
teacher had done. Reviewed with data
Table 1.1 shows the results that most
child development in mothers do not
work in the normal category as many as
27 respondents (75.0%).
Mothers not working in this study
are mothers who do not undergo
professional careers, but only carry out
housewife duties. Mothers who did not
work stated that they did dedicate their
time to caring for their children until
they were working. They spend 24 hours
with children at home and outside the
home so that the bond with the child
looks very strong.
The development of children in
this study shows that most children are
stated in the Normal category by
undergoing developmental checks using
DDST II. Mothers do not work to
provide a lot of time to pay attention and
stimulate the development of their
children. In this study the development
of the child from the mother did not
work also there were still suspect
because the mother could not take
advantage of the time available to pay
attention to the development of their
children and lack of providing
stimulation to children. From the
observations of mothers not working
whose development is late because
mothers play too many cellphones or use
smartphones and children are also given
their own smartphones to play games so
that even though mothers have a lot of
time but are not used well to monitor
and teach children so that children's
development is not too late .
Mothers who do not work have
plenty of time to spend time with family
and children in particular, observing
their growth in the golden period,
mothers can provide stimulation at any
time the child needs so that the child can
develop optimally according to his age.
Thus, children aged 4-6 years who are
cared for by non-working mothers have
better development than children who
are cared for by working mothers.
3. Differences in the Development of
Preschool Children at Work and
Not Working at RA Ar-Rohmah
Kec. Mojosari.
Based on data analysis using
Mann Whitney Test using SPSS
version.20 shows the results of the
development of preschool children
obtained pvalue = 0.002 less than α =
0.005 which means that H0 is treated
and H1 is accepted which means there
are differences in the development of
working preschool children and not
working in RA - Ar-Rohmah Mojosari
District.
The results of this study are in
line with Tita (2012) researchers who
concluded in his study that increasing
women's education raises awareness to
develop themselves and actualize their
potential in pioneering careers and
conducting social activities. The status
of working mothers certainly has an
impact on children's growth and
development. The sample in this study
were 38 children, the results of this
study showed the value of Asymp. Sig.
(2-tailed) <0.005 (0,000 <0.05). The test
results show that H1 is accepted which
means there is a difference between
working mothers and not working on
children's development in TPA Ar-
Raihan (Yuliasri, Nugraheny, 2014).
This research is in line with the research
(Hati, 2014) which shows that the Mann
Whitney test technique shows that
children who are cared for by working
mothers have a greater mean rank value
than mothers who do not work. This
shows that children who are cared for by
non-working mothers have a better
development than working mothers
because they have a lower average
score. The difference in the development
of children between working and non-
working mothers was significant
because the significance value of the
Mann Whitney test was 0,0002 (p
<0.05).
Researchers assume that mothers
who do not work will spend more time
with their children, so that more
developmental stimulants are received
by children. In contrast to working
mothers, the mother who works
stimulation given to child development
becomes limited, even though preschool
age is a golden age, especially for
children's cognitive development.
In mothers who do not work, the
relationship with children should be
better established, because physically
both are together. As for mothers who
work, usually mothers who work less
have time with their children to guide,
communicate, joke and so on so special
attention is needed in this matter.
Based on the results of the study
that children who developed suspect
tended to respondents working mothers.
The conditions in the field are found that
children with working mothers are on
average "naughty" or often do small
problems such as damaging things,
disturbing other children or other
people. This they did to attract the
attention of parents. The difficulty of
working in stimulating child
development is the lack of quality time
to do this stimulation, children are given
"leftovers" by mothers after working and
in the condition of tired mothers after
work causing ineffective provision of
stimulation of child development which
might result in delayed language
development and personal-social
children. But there are still many
mothers who work but have children
with normal development. This is
because mothers are able to manage
their time and provide good education to
children and women who work as
teachers. Based on the results of the
research on the gender of most children
whose development is female Suspect
because the female child mostly has a
working mother, based on the age of the
child Most children with Suspect
development are 5 years old.
Differences in parenting from
mothers who work outside the home and
housewives can affect children's motor,
language and social development. In this
case the mother will entrust the care of
her child to her caregivers or helpers,
grandparents, neighbors or siblings. In
mothers who work, the child is often left
by the mother, causing the child to get
less love, while in other cases such as
material and education of the child who
has been fulfilled, the child often ignores
the mother because there is a substitute
for friends or caregivers and others.
Housewives will be more able to care
for and care for children directly from
babies to adults, because mothers are
carers, nurses and educators for their
children.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study
entitled differences in the development
of preschool children in working
mothers and mothers not working at RA
Ar-rohmah in Mojosari District,
Mojokerto Regency, in 72 respondents
the study concluded that:
1) Most child development in working
mothers in the suspect category
were 22 respondents.
2) Most child development in mothers
does not work in the normal
category as many as 27
respondents.
3) Shows the results of the analysis
using Mann Withney Test using the
SPSS version.20 application on the
development of preschool children
pvalue = 0.002 less than α = 0.005
which means that H0 is rejected
and H1 is accepted which means
there is a difference in the
development of preschoolers
working and not working
This conclusion is not definitive,
because of a number of factors such as
genetic factors, the quantity and
intensity of attention, affection, child
and mother interaction, early
stimulation, and other psychosocial
factors.
SUGGESTION
1. For parents
For working parents, they must be
very clever to use the time to do
development stimulus for children other
than mothers must add information in
caring for children both through child
labor and discussion in groups in the
social media.
For parents who do not work have
plenty of time to stimulate their children
so that children are closer to their
mothers. By stimulating children such as
often inviting to speak, inviting or
teaching children to draw and show a
picture of objects, professions, places
and others.
2. For Further Researchers
The results of this study can still be
investigated further about factors that
affect children's development in addition
to maternal occupational factors, such as
the quantity and intensity of attention,
affection, child and mother interaction,
early stimulation, and other psychosocial
factors.
3. For Health Workers
Health workers must work to
provide information to mothers
especially through children's schools on
how to stimulate child development in
accordance with his age.
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