5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond

- Vision and Key Enabling Technologies -

EUCNC 2014, Bologna

June 2014

Wonil Roh, Ph.D.

Vice President & Head of Advanced Communications Lab
DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Corp.
Table of Contents

2
5G Vision & Key Requirements

3
 5G Vision
Mobile Trend
Mobile Mobile Mobile Things
Connections[1] Data Traffic[1] Cloud Traffic[2] Connected[3]

Bytes /Month
Connections

70%

Percent
15.9EB 50Bn

Devices
10.2Bn
7Bn 1.5EB 35% 12.5Bn

2013 2018 2013 2018 2013 2020 2010 2020

Year Year Year Year

[1] VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast 2013-2018, Cisco, 2014
[2] The Mobile Economy, GSMA, 2014
[3] Internet of Things, Cisco, 2013 EB (Exa Bytes) = 1,000,000 TB (Tera Bytes) 4
 5G Vision
5G Service Vision
Everything Immersive Ubiquitous Intuitive
on Cloud Experience Connectivity Remote Access
Desktop-like experience Lifelike media An intelligent web of Real-time remote control
on the go everywhere connected things of machines

5
 5G Vision
Everything on Cloud
As-Is To-Be
Lagging Cloud Service Instantaneous Cloud Service

Latency : ~ 50 ms[1] Latency : ~ 5 ms

Cloud Cloud
Service Service

~ 20 min (Worldwide Avg.) ~ 9.6 sec

to download HD movie (1.2GB)
to download HD movie (1.2GB)

Cloud Service LTE Downlink Requirements for Mobile Cloud Service

Initial Access Time* Performance[2]
Provider A 82 ms World 7.5 Mbps • E2E NW Latency < 5 ms Desktop
Provider B 111 ms Korea 18.6 Mbps HDD[3]
Provider C 128 ms America 6.5 Mbps • Data Rate > 1.0 Gbps Access Time 8.5 ms
Transfer Rate 1.2 Gbps

* Top 3 Cloud Service Provider measured in Suwon Office (2013) [1] Signals Ahead, AT&T Drive Test Results and Report Preview, 2011
Including connect time and response time [2] The State of LTE, OpenSignal, 2014 6
[3] Seagate ST2000DM001 (2TB, 7200rpm
 5G Vision
Immersive Experience
As-Is To-Be
Limited High Quality Experience Constant Ultra High Quality Experience

AR / VR

Hologram

8K UHD
720p HD > 100 users
12 users

Requirements for Immersive Service

User Experience LTE Cell Capacity
Loading Delay 1.6 sec* Cell Throughput 64 Mbps[1] • E2E NW Latency < 5 ms
• Cell Throughput > 10.0 Gbps
* Assuming 720p HD, 1 sec buffering, E2E latency 50ms and TCP connection

[1] 3GPP Submission Package for IMT-Advanced, 3GPP Contribution RP-090939 AR : Augmented Reality
Required Bandwidth 720p HD[2] : 5 Mbps 8K UHD[3] : 85 Mbps
[2] https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en VR : Virtual Reality 7
[3] http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/rd/rd140/PDF/P12-21.pdf
 5G Vision
Ubiquitous Connectivity
As-Is To-Be
Human Centric, Limited Connections An intelligent web of connected things (IoT)

` Home
Personal

~ Retail

City, Transportation

Manufacturing

8
 5G Vision
Intuitive Remote Access
As-Is To-Be
Short Range, Limited Control Long Range, Real-time Full Control

Remote Surgery

Control Center

Hazardous Work Remote Driving

9
 Key Requirements
Overview
Comprehensive Requirements of “New IMT (5G)” in 7 Categories,
Dubbed as

Mobility

High
Enhanced Future
IMT-Adv. IMT
IMT-Adv.
IMT-2000

New radio local area

Low network (RLAN)

1 10 100 1000 10000 50000

Peak Data Rate (Mbit/s)

ITU-R WP5D/TEMP/390-E
10
 Key Requirements
Ultra Fast Data Transmission Peak Data Rate

Order of Magnitude Improvement in Peak Data Rate

Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps

Data Rate
50 Gbps[1]
50 Gbps
More than x50 over 4G

6 Gbps[2]

1 Gbps 1 Gbps[1]

14 Mbps[1]
75 Mbps[2]
384 k
bps[2]

‘00 ‘07 ‘10 ‘20

Year
[1] Theoretical Peak Data Rate
[2] Data Rate of First Commercial Products
11
 Key Requirements
Superior User Experience Latency
Cell Edge
Data Rate

Uniform Experience of Gbps Speed and Instantaneous Response

1 Gbps Anywhere E2E Latency < 5 msec

BS Location 50 ms
QoE
5 ms A Tenth of E2E Latency

Cell Edge E2E Latency

BS Location
Air Latency < 1 msec
QoE
10 ms
Uniform Experience
Regardless of User-location
1 ms A Tenth of Air Latency

Air Latency
12
 Key Requirements
Massive Connectivity
10 Times More Simultaneous IoT Connections than 4G Simultaneous
Connection

Smart Home Smart

Manufacturing

Number of Devices
` Future
80 Billion Current
Smart Health Smart Retail

15 Billion
4 Billion Smart
~ Transportation

2010 2012 2020 Year

Smart City
Source : Internet of Things by IDATE, 2013
13
 Key Requirements
Cost Effectiveness
50 Times More Cost Effective than 4G
Cost
Efficiency

Traffic Volume
Etc.
Etc. (12%) ( ∝Operator Cost )
(24%) Backhaul
Site
Building, Lease(9%)
Rigging
Maintenance
(36%)
50 Times Higher
Network (41%)
Electricity
Bits/Cost
Testing (15%)
(12%)

RAN Personnel
Equipment Expenses Operator Revenue
(23%) (28%)
Time

CAPEX[1] OPEX[2]
[1] Radio Network Sharing – new paradigm for LTE, http://www.telecom-cloud.net/radio-network-sharing-the-new-paradigm
[2] Quest for margins: operational cost strategies for mobile operators in Europe, Capgemini Telecom & Media Insights, Issue 42
14
Enabling Technologies : RAN

15
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity
System Capacity : Determined by Bandwidth, Spectral Efficiency and Areal Reuse

Link Capacity System Capacity

Point-to-Point Link with Single Antenna
Spectral Efficiency

Areal
Reuse

𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹 Bandwidth

16
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Bandwidth
Most Straightforward Method for Capacity Increase

Bandwidth Increase System Capacity

Carrier Aggregation, Higher Frequencies
Spectral Efficiency

Areal
Reuse

𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹 Bandwidth

17
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Areal Reuse
Use of Various Small Cells for Increase of Areal Reuse

Areal Reuse Increase System Capacity

Sectorization, HetNet, Small Cells
Spectral Efficiency

Areal
Reuse

𝑪=𝑾 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹 Bandwidth

18
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (1/2)
Use of MIMO and Advanced Coding & Modulation for Higher Efficiency

Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity

MIMO, Adv. Coding and Modulation
Spectral Efficiency

Areal
Reuse
𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌
𝑺𝑵𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝑪=𝑾 𝟏+ 𝝀𝒓
𝑵𝑻𝑿 Bandwidth
𝒓
19
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (2/2)
New Waveform Design for Exploiting Non-Gaussianity of Channel

Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity

FQAM (Hybrid Modulation of FSK and QAM)
Spectral Efficiency

Non-Gaussian
Areal
Reuse

𝑪𝑵𝒐𝒏−𝑮𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒏 > 𝑪 [1]

Bandwidth
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
[1] I. Shomorony, et al., “Worst-Case Additive Noise in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 6, June 2013. 20
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Enabling Technologies - RAN (1/2)
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements

Technology for Coding/Modulation Advanced

Peak Data Rate
Above 6 GHz & Multiple Access MIMO & BF
Cell Edge Peak Data Rate Spectral Efficiency & Cell Capacity
Data Rate
Cell Spectral Increase Cell Edge Enhancement Enhancement
Efficiency
Mobility Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier
Peak Rate Peak Rate Half
Cost Efficiency -wavelength
1 Gbps 50 Gbps FSK QAM

Simultaneous Frequency band

Connection
4G New higher FQAM

Latency frequencies frequencies

BF : Beamforming
21
 Enabling Technologies : RAN
Enabling Technologies - RAN (2/2)
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements

Enhanced Advanced Interference

Peak Data Rate
D2D Small Cell Management
Cell Edge Areal Spectral Efficiency Capacity & Cell Edge Cell Edge Data Rate
Data Rate
Cell Spectral Increase Enhancement Enhancement
Efficiency
Mobility Wireless backhaul Increased
density
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous
Connection
Latency Enhancing Interference alignment
areal spectral efficiency
No cell boundary

D2D : Device-to-Device
22
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz

23
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Wider Bandwidth for 5G
Availability of More than 500 MHz Contiguous Spectrum Above 6 GHz
Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz (Regional Recommendations from ITU)
300 MHz 6 GHz
MS, MS, MS,
FS, FSS FS, FSS FS, FSS GHz
< 1 GHz 410-430, 470-694/698,
[MHz] 694/698-790[1] 25.25 27.5 40.5 42.5
Region 1

1-2 GHz 1300-1400, 1427-1525/1527,

[MHz] 1695-1700/1710
27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 36 40 41 42.5
Region 2
2-3 GHz 2025-2100, 2200-2290, 18.4
[MHz] 2700-3100

3-5 GHz 3300-3400, 3400-4200, 18.1 18.6 27 29.5 38 39.5

Region 3
[MHz] 4400-5000
Current Usage Current Usage
5-6 GHz US : LMDS, FSS US : Fixed P-P System
5150-5925, 5850-6245 MOBILE Primary
[MHz] EU : Fixed P-P Link EU : Fixed P-P Link
FSS Earth Station Korea : Broadcasting Relay
Global Interest Bands for WRC-15 No MOBILE
Korea : Maritime Use
[1] WRC-15 AI 1.2 MS : Mobile Service FSS : Fixed Satellite Service LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service 24
FS : Fixed Service P-P : Point to Point
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Prototype System Overview
World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology (May, 2013)[1]
Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in mmWave frequency bands for outdoor cellular
42 mm

25 mm
45 mm 5 mm

25
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Outdoor Coverage
Outdoor Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Coverage Tests
Block error rate less than 0.01% up to NLoS 200m distance
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications:
Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.

BLER result

Below 0.01%
Below 0.1%
Below 1%
Below 10 %
Below 25%

Below 50%
Below 75%

Below 100%

LoS / NLoS

LoS

NLoS

26
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Outdoor to Indoor Penetration
Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests
Most signals successfully received by indoor MS from outdoor BS

Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications:
Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.

27
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Multi-User Support Carrier Frequency
Bandwidth
27.925 GHz
800 MHz
Multi-User MIMO Tests Max. Tx Power
Beam-width (Half Power)
37 dBm
10o
2.48 Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode Channel Coding LDPC
MIMO Configuration 2x2

BS RFU
MS RFU 1 MS RFU 2
BS Modem

1.24Gbps 1.24Gbps

MS Modem 1 MS Modem 2

28
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Mobility Device Feasibility - Simulation Analysis
Beamforming Array Compensate the Effects of Chassis/Hand/Head
Lower power penetration through skin at higher frequencies

Chassis / Hand-Held Effect Head Effect

Power Absorption of 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna
w/o head w/ head

Bare PCB Package

Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g

Power Absorption of 28 GHz Beamforming Array
① ①
①
Endfire
Broadside
Beamforming ② ② ②
Beamforming
① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g
② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g

29
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Mobility Device Feasibility - Antenna Implementation
32 Elements Implemented on Mobile Device with “Zero Area” and 360o Coverage

“Zero Area” Design Measurement Results

0
16 Element Array 0° 45°

Normalized Gain (dBi)

10° 60°
-5 20° 75°
30°

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90
Angle (deg)
< 0.2 mm
Negligible Area
for Antennas
In Edges
16 Element Array
30
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Multi-Cell Analysis
Ray-Tracing Simulation in Real City Modeling with Different BS Antenna Heights

Real City (Ottawa) BS Antenna Heights Ray-Tracing

Scenario 1
30 m above Rooftop

Scenario 2
5 m above Rooftop

Scenario 3
10 m above Ground TX
RX

31
 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Simulated User Experience
Simulations are Based on Ray-Tracing in 28 GHz for Multi-Cell Deployment Scenario
Total of 10 Small Cell BSs to Provide Coverage of 928 m x 586 m within a Dense Urban City
At least 4 Gbps User Throughput Expected Using 1 GHz Bandwidth

Samsung DMC R&D Center, “5G mmWave communications,” YouTube, 21 April 2014.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6dABJBJ4XQ)

32
Enabling Technologies : Network

33
 Enabling Technologies : Network
Network Evolution
Network Evolution for Innovative Services, Lower Cost and Better User Experience
High Capacity

Intelligence Low Latency

34
 Enabling Technologies : Network
Enabling Technologies - Network
Innovative Network Technologies for Enhanced User Experience and Cost Reduction

Multi-RAT
Flat Network Mobile SDN
Peak Data Rate
Interworking
Cell Edge E2E Latency Radio Capacity Energy & Cost Efficiency
Data Rate
Cell Spectral Reduction Enhancement Increase
Efficiency
Mobility Central
Core Network Controller
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous
Connection UE
Internet 4G
eNB 5G
Latency Wi-Fi
BS UE BS Switch
BS Server Server

SDN : Software Defined Network 35

 Enabling Technologies : Network
Flat Network
Direct Access to Internet and Edge Server at BS

Core Network Core Network

Minimize E2E Latency

BS
BS
Reduce OPEX UE
UE Internet
Internet
Reduce Backhaul Bottleneck
UE BS Server Server
BS
Server

36
 Enabling Technologies : Network
Multi-RAT Interworking
Unified Utilization of Heterogeneous Radios in Licensed and Unlicensed Bands

Multi-RAT
Server Server
Controller
Increase Radio Resource
Utilization

3G NB Provide Consistent Service 3G NB 4G eNB

Wi-Fi
Experience
2G BTS 4G 2G TS 5G BS
Femto eNB Femto Wi-Fi
Minimize Power Consumption

37
 Enabling Technologies : Network
Mobile SDN
Centralized Control of Radio and Network Resource for Flexibility and Scalability

Radio SDN
Controller Controller

Maximize Resource Utilization

Expand Network Services

GW UE GW
UE
Reduce CAPEX/OPEX
BS BS Radio Network
Radio Network Packet
Packet Control Control
Control Control Processor
Processor Function Function
Function Function

SDN: Software Defined Network GW: Gateway

38
Deployment Scenarios

39
 Deployment Scenarios
5G Deployment Scenarios
Bird’s Eye View of Chicago

40
 Deployment Scenarios
5G Deployment Scenarios
Existing 4G Deployments

4G base stations

41
 Deployment Scenarios
5G Deployment Scenarios
5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks
Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment

5G small cells

42
 Deployment Scenarios
5G Deployment Scenarios
5G Standalone System
Full capability standalone 5G systems will cover the area of a city

5G macro/pico cells

5G macro/pico cells

43
Global R&D Activities & Timelines

44
 Global R&D Activities & Timelines
Global R&D Activities
Current Global 5G Research Initiatives and Samsung’s Active Engagements
EC–Korea Cooperation Agreement on ICT & 5G (6/16), 5G PPP–5G Forum MoU (6/17)

5G IC

ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH

45
 Global R&D Activities & Timelines
Expected 5G Timelines
Standards in 3GPP Rel-14/15, Spectrum Allocation in WRC-19, ITU Approval in 2020

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

WRC WRC-15 WRC-19

Dvlp. of
ITU-R Vision EVAL. Meth., Req. Proposal EVAL. Rec.
“IMT for 2020 and beyond”

3GPP Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17

5G Standards Initial 5G Commercialization

WRC : World Radiocommunications Conferences EVAL. Meth. : Evaluation Methodology Req. : Requirement
ITU-R : International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector EVAL. : Evaluation Dvlp. of Rec. : Development of Recommendation
46
Summary
5G for 2020 and Beyond
Key Technologies

• Tech. for Above 6 GHz

• Adv. Coding & Modulation
• Adv. MIMO & Beamforming
• Enhanced D2D
• Adv. Small Cell
• Interference Management
• Flat Network
• Multi-RAT Interworking
• Mobile SDN

47
 Thank You
Copyright © 2014 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Non-metric weights and measurements are
approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby
recognized and acknowledged.
References
[1] “Samsung Announces World’s First 5G mm- Wave Mobile Technology”, Samsung Tomorrow, 13 May 2013. (http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093)

[2] Wonil Roh, “Performances and Feasibility of mmWave Beamforming Prototype for 5G Cellular Communications,” ICC 2013 Invited Talk, Jun. 2013.
(http://www.ieee-icc.org/2013/ICC%202013_ mmWave%20Invited%20Talk_Roh.pdf)
[3] “Samsung’s Vision of 5G Wireless,” IEEE Spectrum for the Technology Insider, Jul. 2013. (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?arnumber=06545095)
[4] Z. Pi and F. Khan, “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101–107, Jun. 2011.
[5] T. Kim, J. Park, J. Seol, S. Jeong, J. Cho, and W. Roh, “Tens of Gbps support with mmWave beamforming systems for next generation communications,” IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf.
(GLOBECOM’13), Dec. 2013.
[6] “The 5G phone future: Samsung’s millimeter-wave transceiver technology could enable ultrafast mobile broadband by 2020,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 50, pp. 11–12, Jul. 2013.
[7] T. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang,G. Wong, J. Schulz, M. Samimi, and F. Gutierrez, “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!”
IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335–349, May 2013.
[8] Azar, Y., Wong, G. N., Wang, K., Mayzus, R., Schulz, J. K., Zhao, H., Gutierrez, F., Hwang, D., Rappaport, T. S., ”28 GHz Propagation Measurements for Outdoor Cellular
Communications Using Steerable Beam Antennas in New York City,” Published in the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 9 ~13, 2013.
[9] S. Hong, M. Sagong, and C. Lim, “FQAM : A Modulation Scheme for Beyond 4G Cellular Wireless Communication Systems,” IEEE Global Telecomm.Conf. (GLOBECOM’13) Workshop,
Dec. 2013.
[10] Wonil Roh, et al., "Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications
Magazine, Feb. 2014.
[11] Wonil Roh, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE WCNC 2014 Keynote, Apr. 2014.
[12] Kyungwhoon Cheun, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE VTC 2014 Spring Keynote, May. 2014.
[13] Ji-Yun Seol, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE ICC 2014 5G Workshop Panel Talk, Jun. 2014.