Grease Certificate Converted Merged

A
Seminar Report On
“PREPARATION OF GREASE FROM SOME INORGANIC THICKENERS”

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree
Of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Petrohemical Engineering
By
Shaikh Zauharali Zeyauddin (20170571)
Under the Guidance of

Prof. SiddheshPalande
Department Of Petrochemical Engineering
DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, LONERE, (RAIGAD) - 402103
2018-2019
DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
LONERE-402103, TAL – MANGAON, DIST:- RAIGAD.
DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the Phase I report entitled “PREPARATION OF GREASE FROM SOME INORGANIC
THICKENERS“ is a benefited work carried out by SHAIKH ZAUHARALI ZEYAUDDIN
(20170571)of Third year Petrochemical Engineering under my supervision andguidance.
It is approved for the partial fulfilment of requirement for B. Tech in Petrohemical

Engineering of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad.
Prof. Siddhesh Palande Prof. V.P Jawanjal

(Guide) (Head of Department)
Examiners:
1)
2)
Date: 12 / 04/2019
Place: LONER
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Prof. Siddhesh Palande for his valuable guidance and for motivating
me in right direction. Without his help, this report would have not been successful.
I would like to thank our Head of Department Prof. V. P. Jawanjal & all the staff of
Chemical Engineering Department. I am also thankful to the librarian of Dr..Babasaheb Ambedkar
Technological University, Lonere.
Last but certainly not the least, I would like to thank my friends for their inspiration and
also those who helped me directly and indirectly in my seminar work.
Thank you
Shaikh Zauharali Zeyauddin (20170571)
iii
ABSTRACT
According to this study wax gel grease (S0) is formulated from base lube oil grade 260/290,
transformer oil, microcrystalline wax, additives (0.1-2%) of Polyoxyethylene sorbiton-
nano-palmitate antioxidant and 2, 2` methylene bis (4-methyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol)
anticorrosion, was found that it had not well enough physico-chemical and dielectric
properties, so other thicker may be used as (nano talc, nano kaolin, sodium silicate,
ultramarine and silica from rice husk) and added to wax gel in certain proportions in an
attempt to improve its physico-chemical properties (viscosity, penetration, dropping point
and water resistance) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant, dielectric loss and
volume resistivity) at frequency ranging 1-1000KHz at 35°C.Grease includes nano talc and
silica from rice husk which has the best dielectric properties.
Keywords: Wax Gel; Butyl Rubber Grease; Isoprene Rubber Grease; Bitumen Grease
and Dielectric Properties.
iv
INDEX
Ch. No. Content Page No.
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Literature Review v
Index vi
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
1 Introduction 1
2 Theory 2
2.1. Grease 2
2.2. Type of greases 3
2.3. Uses of grease 4
2.4. Common grease test 5
2.5. Chemical properties 5
2.6. Top 10 Lubricant Companies in India 6
2.7. Function of Grease 7
2.8. Functional Properties
7
2.9. Grease Characteristics
2.10.Advantage of Grease Lubrication 8
2.11.Disadvantage of Grease Lubrication 8
3 Experimental Work 9
3.1.1 Procedure for preparation of grease
9
3.1.2 Apparatus used and Raw materials
10
3.1.3 Preparation of Wax Gel (Wax-Oil Mixture)
17
3.1.4 Preparation of Greases containing Bitumen
18
4 Cost of material 21
5 Material balance 24
6 Results and Discussion 27
7 Conclusion 28
8 References 29
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No. Title Page No.

3.1 Lube oil synthetic blend 5W-30 11
3.2 Transformer oil 15W-40 13
3.3 Microcrystalline wax 15
3.4 Bitume 16
3.5 Base Lube oil and Transformer oil Mixture 19
3.6 After adding Microcrystalline wax and Bitumen 19
3.7 Heating Mixture of Lube oil, Transformer oil, 20
microcrystalline wax and Bitumen
3.8 Final product of grease 20
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page No.
No.
3.1 Physico-chemical properties of base lube oil grade 12
(260/290).
3.2 Specification of transformer oil. 14
3.3 Physico-chemical properties of bitumen. 16
3.4 Specification of the prepared wax gels. 17
3.5 Formulation of the prepared greases. 18
4.1 Cost of raw materials. 22
4.2 Composition by weight. 23
5.1 Specification of the prepared grease from Bitumen. 25
6.1 Properties of obtained grease. 27
vii
A Seminar Report on Evaluation of Insulated Greases Prepared from Bitumen Thickeners
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
It is well known that true grease consists of oil or other similar fluid lubricants or both together mixed
with another thicker substance. Choosing the type of cohesive greases to be applied to particular
lubrication should be done carefully. When rubber parts come in contact with lubricating grease, a
change in dimensions, shape and the mechanical characteristics of such parts may take place. This
change is most frequently attributed to an increase in rubber’s weight (swelling) in the grease
dispersion medium, or to a weight loss due to migration of rubber parts in frictional component
(plasticizers) to grease. In practice, weight loss of rubber parts in frictional components is not virtually
observed. The effects of greases on rubbers are determined mainly by the nature and viscosity of the
grease dispersion medium, where rubbers of none or low polarity are strongly swollen in low polarity
petroleum oil.[5]
Lubricating greases from polyisoprene rubber (100) parts by weight, about (15 - 45) parts by weight
of aliphatic amides and (5 - 30) parts by weight of polyethylene wax, paraffinic wax and
microcrystalline wax were mixed. A bull joint is disclosed to contain this lubricant composition.
Rubber component is added to grease for use as a cable filling materials as well as to improve bleed
resistance. Adding dielectric grease to switch contacts and potentiometer tracks improves performance
and operating life [2]. Bitumen has been widely used in the electrical Indus- try because of its excellent
electrical properties, resistance to water and chemicals and its thermoplastic properties which make it
easily workable for manufacture. [5]
Its applications include filling and sealing compounds for dry batteries, capacitors, cable junctions,
terminal boxes, insulation tape and the insulation of cables, motors, transformers, etc. Bitumen has a
high resistance (low conductivity) and is therefore used as an excellent insulating material. Harder
grades have slightly higher resistance than soft grades although the difference is not important in
practice. The resistance decreases with increasing temperature, the influence of fillers on resistance is
negligible; provided that the filler is not conductive.In this experiment based project, we attempt to
obtain grease,which allows their use as insulating materials in cables and other electrical equipments.
[5]
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 1

CHAPTER 2.THEORY
Theory
2.1 Grease
What is a Grease?
Grease is the common term for animal fats and vegetable oils. Animal fats and vegetable
oils are lipids. Lipids are organic molecules essential to animal life for the production of hormones
and energy storage. If a lipid is liquid at room temperature, it is usually referred to as "oil". If it is
solid at room temperature, the lipid is referred to as "fat" or "grease". Animal fats and vegetable
oils are 8-12% lighter than water and do not mix with water, preferring to form a separate layer on
water. This floating, but separates from water property enables free-floating fats and oils to be
easily separated by grease traps and grease separators.
• Grease is a solid-to-semifluid mixture of a fluid lubricant, a

thickener, and additives.
• The fluid lubricant that performs the actual lubrication can be
petroleum (mineral) oil, synthetic oil, or vegetable oil.
• Majority of greases on the market are composed of mineral oil
blended with a soap thickener.
• Lubricating oils and additives are the major constituents in a
grease formulation. Additives enhance performance and
protect the grease and lubricated surfaces.
Where Does Grease Come From?

Cooking oils, shortening, butter and margarine, food scraps, and dairy products used to make your
daily meals, also from washing pots and pans, and using a dishwasher or garbage disposal. Grease
sticks to the insides of all of these items, and running hot water down the sink just pushes the
grease just a little further about twenty-five feet on average before it cools and sticks to the inside
pipe walls [6].

History of Grease
• Greases have been used since the ancient times. The first greases were made from animal
fats and pitch.
• The ancient Romans and Egyptians prepared grease from lime and olive oill, resulting in a
calcium grease.
• Soaps were added as thickeners since the middle of the 19th century.
[ A] Types of Greases
2.2.1 Calcium Base: Used for simple bearings, general purpose machinery and chassis
lubrication for normal temperature applications. At about 80 deg. C. water binding the oil and
soap is lost so they separate and lubrication property is lost. Calcium based greases are water
resistant and are low in cost.
2.2.2 Soda Base: Used quite generally for ball and roller bearings. Exceptionally good for
sealed for life bearings. Exceptionally good for sealed for life bearings. Suitable for high
temperature conditions up to 175 deg. C. Soda base greases are soluble in water. They have
natural anti-corrosion and good rust protection properties. They do not separate at high rotational
speed. Their cost is moderate.
2.2.3 Aluminum Base: Their characteristics are similar to calcium base greases - water
resistance and normal temperature applications. They have exceptional stringiness and adhesive
properties. Generally they are semi fluid products, clear and transparent. They are used when
adhesiveness is important.
2.2.4 Lithium Base:Having combination of exceptionally good “lubricity”, high temperature

stability, with good water resistance. These greases are selected for multipurpose industrial and
automotive application. They are stable up to 175 deg.C. Where many types of machines or
equipment are in operation over widely varying conditions, an inventory of several greases and
grades must be maintained if only single purpose greases are used. Here lithium base multipurpose
greases are attractive - offering in a single product- combination of many advantages of single use
greases. Cost of lithium base is moderately high.

2.2.5 Barium Base: Not much in use due to high cost and time and other manufacturing factors
to produce to produce soap. They have outstanding shear stability and have multipurpose
applications similar to lithium base greases.
[B] Other Grease Types
Lithium Grease
Calcium Grease
Chasis Grease
Aluminium Complex Grease
Calcium Sulfonate Grease
Synthetic Greases
Silicon Grease
Bentonite Grease
Poly Urea Grease
2.3 When Use Greases For Lubrication?
(a) Using greases for lubrication has some advantages:
Greases stay put
Greases seal out contaminants
Greases do not need circulation systems
Greases decrease dripping, splattering and leakage
Greases suspend solid additives easily
Greases work under extreme operating conditions

Greases seal for life
Greases reduce noise
Greased machinery tends to need less power
(b) Greases may also bear some disadvantages:
Greases may not reach all places in need of lubrication
Greases do not have any cleaning effect
Greases do not work as cooling agent
Greases cannot be used at as high speeds as liquids
2.4 Common Grease Tests

Consistency
Mechanical Stability
High Temp. Performance
Low Temp. Performance
Stability
2.5 Chemical Properties

The chemical parameters such as flash point, fire point, melting point, boiling point were
determined according to methods.
Dynamic Viscosity
The apparent viscosities of the prepared greases were determined using a digital Rheometer.
Dropping Point Test
It’s used for determining the dropping point of lubricating grease. This point is the temperature at
which the first drop of material falls from the cup. In general, the dropping point is the
temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under conditions of test.
This change in state is typical for greases containing a thickener soap of conventional types.

Greases containing a different thickener material may be without change in state and separate oil.
[ASTM D-56] [7]
Flash Point
It is the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off enough vapours which ignite for moment,
when small flame is brought to near it Flash point was determined by using open system of ASTM
D-92.[7]
Fire Point
It is the lowest temperature at which vapours of oil burn continuously for at least five second, when
small flame is brought to near it D-92.[7]
Penetration
Penetration was determined by using ASTM D-217.
Viscosity index
Viscosity of oil decrease with increase in temperature. The rate at which the viscosity of oil
changes with temperature is measured by arbitrary scale known as viscosity index.[7]
2.6 Top 10 Lubricant Companies in India
Here is a list of Lubricant companies in India; these best lubricant brands are producer and supplier
of motor oil, lubricant, engine oil, grease and other industrial oils. Ranking process of these best
Lubricants oil Companies in India.[1]
Indian Oil corporation Limited – Servo Lubricant
Corporate office – New Delhi, India | Establishment – 1964
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited – MAK Lubricants
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1991
Castrol India limited
Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1910
Shell India markets private limited
Corporate office – The Hague, Netherlands | Establishment – 1907
Gulf lubricants
Corporate office – Gulf Tower, Pittsburgh | Establishment – 1901

Valvoline Cummins Ltd
Corporate office – Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment – 1866
ExxonMobil Lubricants Private Limited
Corporate office – Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment – 1911
GS Caltex India private limited
Corporate office – Mumbai, India | Establishment – 1966
ELF India
Corporate office Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 2003
Tide water oil co India limited
Corporate office – Kolkata, West Bengal | Establishment – 1928
2.7 Function of Grease

• The function of grease is to remain in contact with and lubricate moving surfaces without
leaking out under gravity or centrifugal action.
• Grease should retain its properties under shear at all temperatures that it is subjected to during
use.
• Grease must be able to flow into the bearing through grease guns to all parts of the lubricated
machinery as needed, but must not add significantly to power requirements.
2.8 Functional Properties

• Sealant to minimize leakage and prevent contamination
• Easier to contain than oil
• Holds solid lubricants in suspension
• Fluid level does not have to be controlled or measured
2.9 Grease Characteristics
Common ASTM tests for grease characteristics include:
• Apparent viscosity
• Bleeding, migration, syneresis
• Consistency, penetration, and National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) numbers
• Corrosion and rust resistance
• Dropping point

• Fretting wear and false brinelling

• Oxidation stability
• Pumpability and slumpability
• Shear stability
• High and low temperature effects
2.10 Advantage of Grease Lubrication

• Better stop-start performance when the system shuts down,oil drains away while grease remains
in the component
• Contamination – the risk of contamination products such asfood and pharmaceutical type
products is reduced with theuse of grease due to its resistance to flow into the products
• Greases decrease dripping, splattering and leakage
• Greases reduce noise
• Greased machinery tends to need less power
2.11 Disadvantage of Grease Lubrication

• Reduced cooling/heating transfer – the flow of oil removes heat from the point of generation where it
can be removed or dissipate. Grease tends to hold heat in place
• Poorer storage ability – too long storage can lead to separation of base oil and thickener and may also
result in altered properties
• Greases may not reach all places in need of lubrication
• Greases cannot be used at the high speeds that liquids are well suited for.
Key Additives

CHAPTER.3 EXPERIMENTAL WORK

Experimental Work
Different Procedure for Preparation of Greases.
3.1.1 Preparation of Grease Containing Wax Gel (S)
Oil blend 250.9 g (base lube oil 167.27 g and transformer oil 83.63 g) was heated to 110̊C
- 120̊C and the microcrystalline wax 109 g was added portion wise under stirring for 30 minutes,
followed by adding of 2, 2’-methylene-bis-(4-methyle-6- tertiary butyl phenol) 1.4 g as antioxidant
and Polyoxyethylene sorbiton-nano- palmitate 1.4 g as anticorrosion additives and stirring was
continued to disperse the additives. After cooling the mixture was thickened to grease. [5]
3.1.2 Preparation of Grease Containing Bitumen
A glass container was charged with 250.9 g of lube oil blend and 1.4 g of both anti-
oxidation and anticorrosion were added then the content was heated to the temperature of 50̊C with
stirring for 15 minutes. Heating was raised to 70̊C followed by adding of 16.4 g bitumen under
stirring, when the content was melted and become homogenous; the temperature was raised to
100̊C - 120̊C for 30 minutes. 92.6 g of microcrystalline wax were added and stirring was continued
to obtain viscous smooth rubbery grease, followed by cooling to the normal temperature.[5]
3.1.3 Preparation of Grease Containing Butyl Rubber
Lubricating grease consisting essentially of about 99 g microcrystalline wax, 250.9 lube
oil blend, 10 g butyl rubber (isobutylene-isoprene copolymer) together with 1.4 g of both
antioxidant and anticorrosion were mixed under stirring for 1/2 hour at 85̊C - 90̊C until it became
homogenous. On cooling coherent and homogenous grease S2was obtained.[5]
3.1.4 Preparation of Greases Containing Poly-Isoprene Rubber
10 g of poly isoprene rubber, 250.9 g lube oil blend, were mixed with 99g of
Microcrystalline wax, 1.4 g of antioxidant and 1.4 g of anticorrosion, the mixture being kept at
100̊C - 120̊C for 1/2 hour during stirring, and then allowed to cool to Ambient temperature to
produce coherent and homogenous rubbery greases.[5]

3.1.2 Preparation of Grease Containing Bitumen
3.2 Materials
(1). Apparatus used
o Weighing balance
o Beaker 1000 ml
o Thermometer
o Hot plate
o Stirrer
o Measuring cylinder
(2). Raw materials

1. Lube oil
2. Transformer oil
3. Microcrystalline wax
4. Bitumen
5. Anti-oxidant and anti-corrosion
(3). Utilities
1. Electricity
2. Cooling water
3. Water for general use
4. Effluent disposal facilities
5. Chilled water

Base lube oil
Figure 3.1. Lube oil synthetic blend 5W-30

Properties
Flash point: 212°C
Viscosity at 40̊C: 12.5 cSt,
Pour point: (−20̊C)
Description:
Provides smooth synchronization and easy shifts, Offers excellent performance under severe stress.
Also suitable for use at sub zero temperatures. Superior quality fluid for severe duty, operation in
manual transmission and heavily loaded gear system such as hypoid, spiral bevel, worm gears of
trucks, buses and cars where and active an EP type lubrication is recommended.[3]

Table 3.1. Physico-chemical properties of base lube oil.[5]
Specification Value
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C 12.5
Flash point °C 135
Pour point °C -20
Density Max. 0.8768
Specification number, mg.KOH/g Max. 0.60
Dielectric strength 30
2, 2'-methylen-bis(4-methyl-6-tertiary butyl phenol)

Melting point: 125˚C
Specific gravity: 1.08
Molecular weight: 340.4989.

Transformer oil
Figure 3.2. Transformer oil 15W-40
Properties
Flash point (open): 204̊C,
Viscosity index: 90 - 95, 72
Pour point: (−5̊C).
Description:
For smoother transmission, ease of operation even in variable temperatures & Longer gear life due
to anti wear properties. Valvoline fluid has optimized friction properties thereby permitting clutch
plates to engage slowly and smoothly as the transmission shifts. Recommended for use in
Commercial Vehicles & Forklifts meeting specifications. It has high Viscosity Index and low pour
point [4].

Table 3.2. Specification of transformer oil.[5]
Specification Value
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C 50-55
Viscosity index 90-95
Flash point °C 204
Pour point °C -5
Color 4.5
Density 0.8799
Polyoxyethylenesorbiton-nano-palmitate, Tween (20):

Refractive index: 1.4685
Specific gravity: 1.1
Boiling Point: >100˚C
Specification number: 43 - 49
pH of 1%
Aqueous solution: 5-7.

Microcrystalline wax
Figure 3.3. Microcrystalline wax
Properties
Melting range: 80̊C - 81̊C,
Oil content %: 0.5,
Flash point, open: 288̊ C;
Density at 20̊C: 0.9002 g/Cm3.
Description
Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the
petroleum refining process. In contrast to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly
unbranched alkanes, microcrystal methylenline wax contains a higher percentage of isoparaffinic
hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons.

Bitumen
Figure 3.4. Bitume

Properties:
Viscosity at 135̊C: 390 cSt,
Softening point: 52̊C,
Flash point (open): 250̊C.
Table 3.3. Physico-chemical properties of bitumen.[5]

Test Value
Penetration at 25 °C 0.1
mm 64
Viscosity at135 °C cm. min. 390
Flash point °C 250
Specific gravity 25/25 °C 1.01-1.06
Softening point °C 52

3.3 Preparation of Wax Gel (Wax-Oil Mixture)

In this experiment two types of oils had been used, the first was a base lube oil and the
second was transformer oil. Lube base oil and transformer oil in the ratio 2:1 by weight were mixed
under stirring at 110̊C for 30 minutes to produce the lube oil blend. The lube oil blend was mixed
with microcrystalline wax, under stirring at 100̊C - 120̊C for 30 minutes with . After cooling the
mixture turn to thicker gel.[5]
Table 3.4. Specification of the prepared wax gels.[5]

Colour Pale yellow
Oil blending Non
Extensibility Slight
Dropping point °C 72
Dynamic viscosity 83.35
Behavior at high Melted

temperature

3.4 Procedure for Preparation of Grease

A glass container was charged with 250.9 g of lube oil blend and 1.4 g of both anti-
oxidation and anticorrosion followed by adding of 2, 2’-methylene-bis-(4-methyle-6- tertiary butyl
phenol) 1.4 g as antioxidant and Polyoxyethylene sorbiton-nano- palmitate 1.4 g as anticorrosion
additives were added then the content was heated to the temperature of 50̊C with stirring for 15
minutes. Heating was raised to 70̊C followed by adding of 16.4 g bitumen under stirring, when the
content was melted and become homogenous; the temperature was raised to 100̊C - 120̊C for 30
minutes. 92.6 g of microcrystalline wax were added and stirring was continued to obtain viscous
smooth rubbery grease, followed by cooling to the normal temperature.[5]
Table 3.5. Formulation of the prepared greases.[5]

Constituent parts by weight, g Grease from Bitumen
Base lube oil 167.27
Transformer oil 83.63
Microcrystalline wax 92.6
Bitumen 16.4

(First step)
Figure 3.5. Base Lube oil and Transformer oil Mixture
(Second step)
Figure 3.6. After adding Microcrystalline wax and Bitumen

(Third step)
Figure 3.7. Heating Mixture of Lube oil, Transformer oil,
microcrystalline wax and Bitumen
Figure 3.8. Final product of grease

CHAPTER 4. COST OF MATERIAL
Cost of materials
Quantity of raw materials in grams and their cost.
1. Transformer oil 1/2 litre = 432 grams
2. Lube oil 1/2 litre = 437.5 grams
3. Microcrystalline wax 92.6 grams = 92.6 grams
4. Bitumen = 492 grams
Cost of raw materials in Rs.
Transformer oil 432/125

Cost of transformer oil of 500 ml = 125 Rs.
X= 24.19 Rs.
Where, X= rate of transformer oil
2. Lube oil
Cost of lube oil of 500 ml = 150 Rs.
X= 57.34 Rs.
Where, X= rate of lube oil

3. Microcrystalline wax
92.6 grams = 20 Rs.
Where, 1kg microcrystalline wax= 200 Rs.
4. Bitumen
Cost of bitumen of 500 ml= 50 Rs.
X= 1.66 Rs.
Where, X= rate of bitumen
Table 4.1. Cost of raw materials.
Sr. No. Material name Quantity in (gm) Cost in Rs.
1. Transformer oil 83.63 24.19
2. Lube oil 167.27 57.34
3. Microcrystalline wax 92.6 20
4 Bitumen 16.4 1.66

Table 4.2. Composition by weight[5]
Sr. No. Component Quantity in gram weight %
1. Transformer oil 83.63 23.237
2. Lube oil 167.27 46.476
3 Microcrystalline wax 92.6 4.5568
4. Bitumen 16.4 25.73
5. Total 359.9 grams 100%
Factors affecting grease quality
• Temperature of grease formation

• Rate of cooling of reaction products
• Rate / Sequence of addition of oil and additives
• Rate of saponification reaction
• Acidity / Alkalinity
• Temperature of additive addition
• Temperature and duration of de-aeration, filtrations and homogenization

CHAPTER.5 MATERIAL BALANCE
Material balance
Raw materials ➡ Product
Transformer oil + Lube oil + microcrystalline wax + Bitumen ➡ Grease
Total raw materials 359.9 grams in weight
Product obtained after heating Grease formed = 352grams in weight
Loss of product after heating = 359.9 - 352 = 7.9 grams in weight
Loss percent= x 100
= (7.9/359.9) ×100
= 2.19 %
Percent of yield = x 100

= x 100
= 97.80 %

Table 5.1. Specification of the prepared grease from Bitumen.

Specification Grease from Bitumen
Apparent color Pale yellow
Dropping point. °C 50
Behavior of high Melted

temperature
Flash point °C 140

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Preparation of grease containing (bitumen and lube oil blend mixture and wax) indicates that, it is
possible to produce high percentage of yield in low cost using bitumen thickener. It has a high
resistant(i.e. low conductivity) hence it is use as excellent insulating material In this study we
obtained grease sample with its physical and chemical properties presented below the table
Organic hydrocarbon greases including rubber, resin or waxes are very widely distributed at
industrial branches. They are used in electrical systems and electronic equipments to seal
connectors, plug and sockets, to pot cob transformers and capacitors, cables and to prevent
electrical leakage. The known greases used in insulators service are classified on the basis of the
formulations into hydrocarbon type (thickened by paraffin, petrolatum, and ceresin),
polymer type (thickened by high molecular weight compounds as polymers, rubbers, resins and
copolymers), and inorganic type. Such types of greases should have particular characteristics such
as: high flash point, high dielectric properties, high resistance to water, and high dropping As the
naphthenic percentage of CN for the oil blend is high, the dielectric properties for this oil are
better than the first oil grade (260/290) (18). This means that the base lube oil grade (260/290) is
not suitable as insulating oil, but after blending it with transformer oil (12.5cst) it is improved i.e.
become suitable as insulating medium. From the above discussion, it may be pointed outthat the
first oil understudy is not suitable for using as fluid part as insulating before carrying out blending
(with transformer oil) to overcome the high aromatic contents and to decrease the pour point.

` Table 6.1. Properties of obtained grease.
Test Observation/value
Apparent color Pale yellow
Dropping 50
point. °C
Behavior of high Melted

temperature
Flash point °C 140
This grease sample use as an insulating material in mechanical or electrical

equipments.

CONCLUSION
Moreover the cost of these greases is comparatively less than those available in market. Thus
Transformer oil, Lube oil, microcrystalline wax and Bitumen are good source for preparation of
quality greases with low cost.
Butyl rubber, isoprene rubber and bitumen are added to the prepared wax gel separately as
thickening agent to the prepared wax gel in certain proportion to improve its physicochemical, and
its dielectric properties.
Butyl rubber and isoprene rubber have a good abilities to improve these properties by decreasing
the degree of electrical conductivity, Bitumen also improve the dielectric properties of wax gel.
By the using the bitumen and microcrystalline wax we obtained economical grease with low
manufacturing cost.
Prepared grease has better physical and chemical properties( i.e. flash point, drop point, apparent
colour
When temperature is at ambient temperature sample of grease in semisolid form.

REFERENCES
[1] http://top10companiesinindia.co.in/2014/04/01/top-10-lubricant-companies-in-india/
[2] A.M. Hassan, M. A. Youssif, A. M. Mazrouaa, R. M. AbouShahba, M.A.E.“Preparation

Of Dielectric Greases from Some Inorganic Thickeners”, American Journal of
AppliedChemistry. Vol. 1, No. 1, 2013, pp. 9-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20130101.12
[3] https://www.valvoline.com/en-europe?searchtext=durablend
[4] http://www.valvolinecummins.co.in/Products-Details.asp?PID=15
[5] Amaly Mohamed Hassan, Azza Mahmoud Mazrouaa1, Mona Ali Youssif, Rabab
Mohamed AbouShahba, Maha Ali Youssif “Evaluation of Some Insulated Greases
Prepared fromRubber and Bitumen Thickeners”, International Journal of Organic
Chemistry, 2013, 3,71- 80 ,Egyption Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
[6] https://www.co.pierce.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1108
[7] Yogis A. Kapre “Petroleum Technology”, Published By Nirali Prakashan. G Scheme Sem-
6 Chemical Engineering. First Edition December 2014. Pp (3.2-3.3)
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcrystalline_wax
[9] Evaluation of amide polymers as antioxidants for mixed soap greases R.A. El-Adly E.A.M.
Youssef S.M. El-Sayed and M.A. Abd El-Ghaf

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A

“PREPARATION OF GREASE FROM SOME INORGANIC THICKENERS”

Shaikh Zauharali Zeyauddin (20170571)

Under the Guidance of

Department Of Petrochemical Engineering

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY, LONERE, (RAIGAD) - 402103

LONERE-402103, TAL – MANGAON, DIST:- RAIGAD.

DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

It is approved for the partial fulfilment of requirement for B. Tech in Petrohemical

Prof. Siddhesh Palande Prof. V.P Jawanjal

Shaikh Zauharali Zeyauddin (20170571)

Fig No. Title Page No.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 1

• Grease is a solid-to-semifluid mixture of a fluid lubricant, a

Where Does Grease Come From?

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 2

2.2.4 Lithium Base:Having combination of exceptionally good “lubricity”, high temperature

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 3

[B] Other Grease Types

Aluminium Complex Grease

Calcium Sulfonate Grease

Poly Urea Grease

2.3 When Use Greases For Lubrication?

(a) Using greases for lubrication has some advantages:

Greases stay put

Greases seal out contaminants

Greases do not need circulation systems

Greases decrease dripping, splattering and leakage

Greases suspend solid additives easily

Greases work under extreme operating conditions

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 4

Greases seal for life

Greases reduce noise

Greased machinery tends to need less power

(b) Greases may also bear some disadvantages:

Greases may not reach all places in need of lubrication

Greases do not have any cleaning effect

Greases do not work as cooling agent

Greases cannot be used at as high speeds as liquids

2.4 Common Grease Tests

High Temp. Performance

Low Temp. Performance

2.5 Chemical Properties

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 5

Indian Oil corporation Limited – Servo Lubricant

Corporate office – New Delhi, India | Establishment – 1964

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited – MAK Lubricants

Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1991

Castrol India limited

Corporate office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1910

Shell India markets private limited

Corporate office – The Hague, Netherlands | Establishment – 1907

Corporate office – Gulf Tower, Pittsburgh | Establishment – 1901

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad. 6

Valvoline Cummins Ltd

Corporate office – Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment – 1866

ExxonMobil Lubricants Private Limited

Corporate office – Gurgaon, Haryana | Establishment – 1911

GS Caltex India private limited

Corporate office – Mumbai, India | Establishment – 1966

Corporate office Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 2003

Tide water oil co India limited

Corporate office – Kolkata, West Bengal | Establishment – 1928