A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CALAMANSI

(Citrofurtunella microcarpa) PEELS, PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus) PEELS AND

MALLUNGGAY (Moringa Oliefera) STEM HYDROSOL AS CLEANING AGENT

Shaira Dale C. Fernandez (corresponding author) a, Gabrielle Mikhaela L. Haramil b,

Cherry Ann L. Largoc, Mae Nielyn C. Padillod, Emmanuel Alexander Ramireze

Department of Chemical Engineering

Cebu Institute of Technology- University
N.Bacalso Ave., Cebu City, Philippines
Abstract
The research approach is to quantitatively test the effectiveness of the extract hydrosol as stain
removers from steam distillation process using single net cloth. As to determine the effectiveness
of the extract, it is tested by determining the pH level in each hydrosol, area before and after the
stain using ImageJ analysis and reflectance. The bar graphs show the different stains with the
corresponding hydrosol from three different fruit peeling and H2O2 as the baseline. The volume -
time relationship is directly proportional, the calamansi hydrosols is effective as both volume and
time increases. The succeeding figures shows the area difference in terms of percentage. In
comparison to the effectiveness of all the solvent, the hydrogen peroxide as the baseline is the
most effective, next is the pineapple, calamansi and malunggay stands last. A common trend
from the results shows that volume of the hydrosol applied is directly proportional to the amount
of stain removed. Comparing the three different hydrosols with hydrogen peroxide as the
baseline the results indicate that the pineapple hydrosol is the most effective in coffee, ink and
soy sauce stain in 60 minutes time with the value of 42.26%, 43.44% and 44.05% in area
difference. Second, calamansi hydrosol is the next effective in coffee, ink and soy sauce stain in
60 minutes time with the value of 39.91%, 39.17% and 39.74%. And the least effective is
malunggay hydrosol next effective in coffee, ink and soy sauce stain in 60 minutes time with the
value of 33.24%, 33.21% and 32.51%. Time duration gives more impact in stain removal
especially the more volume used.
Keywords:
ImageJ, Hydrosol, Stain removers, Malunggay, Calamansi, Pineapple
INTRODUCTION
Cleaning agent applies to all compounds to be includes but is not limited to compositions of
used for and to improve the efficiency of hard surface cleaning (kitchen, bathroom, floor,
cleaning operations. The purifying agent general composites of household & glass
cleaning), detergents, washing compositions
and cleaning compositions of food and
disinfectant. The term cleaning hereby applies
to activities involving the removal from surfaces
and involves activities including chemical,
mechanical, thermal and combined cleaning.
One of the main application of cleaning agent to
apply is removing stains (Christian Nitsch, Hans-
Joachim Heitland, Horst Marsen, Hans-Joachim
Schlüussler, 2005).