“Revaluing Burnham Park: A Phenomenological study”

(Enhancing the park through user’s Lived Experience)

_______________

A Thesis
Presented to the
Department of Architecture
School of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis University
Baguio City

_______________

By:
Ar. Jordan Kurt S. Gu
Ang, Franz Edesn G.
Bacaoat, Neriza
Castillo, Kharly Jeff F.
Castro, Keanu V.
Furugganan, Alvin Luiz B.
Gatdula. Carlo D.
Lagadeo, Jeddy Mar D.

Submitted through:
Arch. Melissa Ann C. Patano, MaEHP

April 3, 2017
ENDORSEMENT SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Architecture, this thesis/research entitled, “(Revaluing Burnham Park: A Phenomenological
study(Enhancing the park through user’s Lived Experience)” has been completed and
submitted by:
Ang, Franz Edesn G.
Bacaoat, Neriza
Castillo, Kharly Jeff F.
Castro, Keanu V.
Furugganan, Alvin Luiz B.
Gatdula. Carlo D.
Lagadeo, Jeddy Mar D.

5th year B.S. Architecture students, and are hereby recommended for oral presentation and
deliberation.

Recommended by:

__________________________________ _________________
Name of Instructor in Bold Date
Adviser, 2016-2017

************************************************

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science
in Architecture. Approved for oral presentation and defense.

Approved by:

__________________________________ _________________
Xxx Date
Jury Chairman, 2016-2017

__________________________________ _________________
Xxx Date
Jury Secretary, 2016-2017

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of this research is not possible without the help and contributions of
certain people and individuals during the course of this research. First and foremost, the
researchers, would like to praise the Lord for our good health and well-being during the
execution of this research. We would like to acknowledge our thesis mentor, Arch. Jordan
Kurt S. Gu for his guidance and supervision in our research. We would like to extend our
gratitude to our advisers, Arch. Zaldy G. Sibling and Arch Melissa Ann C. Patano for their
guidance and encouragement. We thank Arch. Joseph “jody” Alabanza and Sir Andaya for
sharing their knowledge and expertise which were beneficial in the research. Our sincere
thank also goes to the City Environment and Parks Management Office, The Burnham Park
Office, and our respondents during the interview for sharing information and data needed for
the research. Last but not the least, we would like to thank each of our families for continuous
support and motivation, and thanks to Cathy’s fastfood for lending us their space we used
during the time research.

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TITLE PAGE

ENDORSEMENT SHEET/APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1. ___________________________ 4
Table 2. ___________________________ 5

Figure 1. ___________________________
Figure 2. ___________________________

ABSTRACT vi
KEYWORDS

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study 1
1.1.1. Title 1
1.1.2. Review of Related Literature 2
1.1.3. Need 5
1.2.Statement of the Problem 6
1.3.Objectives of the Study 6
1.4. Hypothesis 7
1.5.Conceptual Framework 8
1.6.Scope and Limitations of the Study 10
1.7.Significance of the Study 12

CHAPTER 2 : METHODOLOGY
2.1. Methods of Inquiry 15
2.2. Population and Locale of the Study 16
2.3. Data Gathering Tools 17
2.4. Data Gathering Procedure 18
2.5. Treatment of Data 19

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CHAPTER 3 : DATA PRESENTATION AND PROGRAMMATIC CONCEPTS
3.1. Results and Discussions 20
3.2. Programmatic Concepts 22

CHAPTER 4 : ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS

4.1. Architectural Concepts and Narrative 24
4.2. Architectural Drawings, Diagrams, Figures, Tables, Graphs and Charts 26

CHAPTER 5 : SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1. Summary of Findings 30
6.2. Conclusions 31
6.3. Recommendations 32

REFERENCES 33
APPENDICES 35
Appendix A._________________________ 40
Appendix B. _________________________ 41

CURRICULUM VITAE 45

v
 ABSTRACT

Burnham Park is a park designed by the famed architect and planner Daniel Burnham,
which plays a critical role in the city of Baguio. It is a landmark and serves as the lungs of the
city. Its location at the central part of the city enables it to be a popular relaxing and
recreation area for the locals and tourists alike. In the past years, several developments have
emerged, and the increasing population and urban sprawl has deteriorated the park’s quality.
The garbage and maintenance proved to be a major problem, the sense of security and
comfort has declined, improper maintenance coupled with the rapid commercialization has
left park to a state confusion leading to unnecessary developments that has left people
unsatisfied and yearning for improvements. These problems have caused the experience of
the park to regress. This phenomenological research aims to generate a better experience of
the Park as a “green park”, and relate it to the people’s perception of an ideal park, in order to
clarify the problems that park have been facing and address them properly through our
findings and observations. The enhanced sensory experience in the park brought forth by
design solutions can instill the value of appreciation and restore the park’s prestige.

KEYWORDS
Burnham Park Baguio City
Green park Park
Phenomenological research Phenomenon
Urban planning

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1.1 TITLE

1.1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Urban green space is defined as land that consists predominantly of unsealed,

permeable, soft surfaces such as soil, grass, shrubs and trees (the emphasis is on
‘predominant’ character because of course green spaces may include buildings and hard
surfaced areas); it is the umbrella term for all such areas whether or not they are publicly
accessible or publicly managed. It includes all areas of parks, play areas and other green
spaces specifically intended for recreational use, as well as other green spaces with other
origins (Dunnett, Swanwick and Woolley, 2002). As the cities expand and develop,
environmental awareness has been more recognized. These green spaces are now becoming
more valued and preserved by people. Parks have been the space for relaxation and
recreational activities. These green spaces have roles and provide different benefits for the
city. For the past decades, the importance of green spaces has been vastly studied. Research
showed the parks’ benefits ranging from culture, recreation, community development,
heritage, health and wellness, economic development, natural environment, education,
transportation, and perhaps even other sectors are important. (Ellis & Schwartz, 2016). These
green spaces create a huge impact to a city, the park does not only encourage healthier
lifestyle but it also creates a healthier living space for the city dwellers.

Green spaces such as parks do not only improve physical health but also affect the
mental state of a person (Bauman, 2004; Warburton et al., 2006; Kohl, 2001). According to
depts.washington.edu, nature alleviates mental fatigue by relaxing and restoring the mind.
Research done by Joe Hinds and Paul Sparks (2011), who studied experiential feelings
towards nature, showed that the more natural an environment is the higher the Eudenomia
(ostensibly positive feelings) and the higher the Apprehension (ostensibly negative feelings)
is experienced. Burnham Park, which is the subject of the study, is a green park capable of
conveying Eudenomia and by determining the state of Burnham Park as a green park, and by
determining the users’ feedback towards the study, the necessary and appropriate policies and
renovations could be made that may help in enhancing the experience of the park users.

Case studies also imply the role of green spaces to urban renewal by strengthening
local economic stimulation as well as improvement to local environmental quality.
Environmental enhancement promotes inward investment and increase in land values
(Dunnett, Swanwick, & Woolley 2002). Parks, due to its aesthetic impact to the locality can
increase land values, attract investors and draw tourists that can rejuvenate economic activity.

People’s impression of a place is important to know what barriers deter them from
enjoying and using the space, such views can shape the wider community’s image of urban
green spaces and improve the levels of satisfaction experienced in the space (Dunnett,
Swanwick, & Woolley, 2002). Their discussions in the research (Improving Urban Parks,
Play Areas and Green Space, 2002) established how an Ideal Urban Green space should be
based on the interviews from previous studies of parks in London. The framework below
shows the outline of their discussions.

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 Fig. 1. Ideal urban green space diagram.

The Ideal Urban Green space though they entwine can be subdivided into two
categories, the abstract and the physical aspect of the space. The abstract or management is
responsible for the parks maintenance and responsible for creating policies that would
preserve the environment and control the quality of space. The presence of the staff around
the park has increased the sense of security among its users, and has reduced vandalism in the
park. The design of Physical Environment would be based on several aspects:
The physical environment consists of land and water. Vegetation is clearly an
important component of the park as it was the most mentioned in the research, the diversity
of the plants was expressed as ideal. Water was the second most frequently mentioned in their
ideal space, it was stated that the sound of water was considered good and relaxing.

Play has been acknowledged to help in the development of a child thus providing
better and more opportunities for play is found to be desirable. More adventurous play areas
were preferred by some but safety was a concern. Provisions for older kids and the need
activities for teenager were also mentioned, as younger and older children have different use
of the park.

Easier accessibility of the park encourages more use of the park, especially for
disabled people, good access was an important dimension of an ideal urban green space.
Good signage was also mentioned in some of the local authority surveys. An information
center or information boards were identified as something that would encourage non-users
and infrequent users to use urban green spaces more frequently.

The different surveys and sources of information suggest, to varying degrees, that an
active events program is important in an ideal urban green space. Facilities for wheeled
activities such as skate parks and areas for biking should be provided. Provisions for sport

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facilities were also endorsed during the surveys particularly by young people. Refreshment
facilities such as cafes and picnic areas were found to encourage people to visit the park.

The basic need for comfort should be satisfied. Seating and shelter came up high on
the surveys. The variety of seating and availability of shelter from rain and the sun was
frequently mentioned as one of the top contributor to comfort, it was particularly significant
to the elderly and disabled. Availability and good conditions of comfort rooms were also
stated as significantly important.

The sensory experience of the park should bring enjoyment to the users. It should
provide different stimulation to the senses (touch, hearing, sight, smell and taste). Various
people want different types of stimulation such as gardens with plants to smell and touch, and
others wanted stimulation other than scented plants and running water.

Central Park for example, which is designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert
Vaux in Manhattan, has been created to function as the “lungs of the city” by reducing the air
pollution and filter carbon dioxide while also providing recreational opportunities and natural
beauty for more than eight million city dwellers (Scheer, 2002). Central Park provides critical
environmental services that moderate the city environment, making them livable. Urban
parks mitigate the heat island effect, enhance air quality, help to manage storm water and
provide habitat for diverse wildlife. These services, and Central Park’s resilience, become
increasingly important as New York faces mounting stresses from population growth and
climate change (Carroll, Bernhardi, Posner et al 2013).The 840 acre park is open 16 hours a
day 365 days a year and the park remains true to its function as it has no gates or fence as the
park closes.

In 1973 the declining and alarming condition of Central Park sparked a

comprehensive study of the park and its management that was led by the concerned citizens
of the city. The purpose of the study was to identify the cause of the park’s problem and
recommend how to address them. The study employed a multi-pronged approach that
included: interviews and count of users entering and exiting the park, interviews of users at
specific areas of the park, and telephone interviews with residents. The study resulted in the
creation of Central Park Conservancy and establishment of public private partnership that
would ultimately be responsible for restoring the ideal it was meant to embody (Central Park
Conservancy, 2011).

Baguio City and Burnham Park

In the Philippines, Burnham Park has become one of the most well-known parks in
the country. It is located in the city of Baguio, also known as the “summer capital of the
Philippines” a city bounded by the province of Benguet, located north of the Philippines —a
city that is known for its cool weather and parks — and is now a destination for tourists and
students alike. It is originally inhabited by the Kankana-ey’s and Ibaloi’s before it was
established as a city. In the 19th century during the American colonization, Baguio was used
by the Americans as a multifunctional hill station and in 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt
appointed the City Beautiful Movement pioneer American Architect Daniel H. Burnham to
plan and develop Baguio, as a health resort and holiday centers where American soldiers
relax and unwind from their exhausting duties and muggy lowland heat, movement that
arose in America in the 1890s and 1920s, called the “City Beautiful Movement”. The City
Beautiful Movement was based by the general principles of urban planning popular at that
time. Major features found in the plan are the government building sites, open spaces,
parkways, playgrounds and radial street systems that are adapted for sloping topography
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(Formalino, 1969). The movement focused on environmental, sociocultural, and aesthetic
movements that emphasize the importance of parks and public spaces, as seen in Burnham’s
for the city of Chicago. Baguio’s city plan offered another opportunity for the United States
to unite their colony authority in organized and orderly built environmental form. Developed
as a miniature of Washington DC’s plan, Burnham’s plan for Baguio utilizes the natural
environment to proclaim the virtues of United States imperialism (Burnham & Anderson,
1905). Daniel Burnham’s physical framework integrates a road and park system into one and
envisioned a compact garden city for 25,000 to 30,000 people (Palafox, 2014 ). It was laid
down on the central axis between the municipal and national government buildings. It was
designed and located at the center of the city and as most urban or green parks it was intended
to serve as the “lungs” or the breathing space for the city. As described by Jonathan Best
(2001), “the park had wide open spaces, wide lawns, colorful flower beds and with a man-
made lake at the center of the park, a green park that was designed to provide peaceful open
space, fresh air and a direct link to unspoiled nature”. Burnham Park used to be a huge open
space which is more connected to nature.

Today, Burnham Park is now a considered a landmark and considered by some as the
mother of all parks in the City, and over the years as the city grew, Burnham Park has also
evolved. The 32.84 hectare park encountered a number of developments, the latest would be
the master plan from the University of Cordilleras, their design applied the principles of
“Green Architecture and Sustainable Organic Approach” (University of the Cordilleras). The
park has now 12 cluster areas, (1) the Burnham lake where people rent a boat to go boating,
(2) the Children's Playground, (3) the Skating Rink, (4) the Rose Garden, (5) the Orchidarium
(6) Melvin Jones Grandstand – a football field where various events such as concerts are
held, (7) the Athletic Bowl – a sporting ground , (8) the Picnic Grove, (9) the Japanese Peace
Tower, (10) the Pine Trees of the World, (11) Sunshine Park, and (12) Igorot Park. The
different areas in the park provide for different recreational activities such as biking, boating,
and other physical activities. The park also hosts different sporting activities, concerts and
trade fairs. It is a place of culture and heritage and its economic significance has been very
valuable to city, especially to the park’s surrounding establishments, as it is a tourist
attraction.

1.1.1 NEED

There is a need to find out if the park developments satisfy the users’ needs. The
Burnham Plan of Baguio City clearly provided the outline for the existing physical pattern of
the city. The continuing upsurge in tourism promotion has brought about major
improvements on the Burnham Park and enhanced its physical attraction. In contrast of the
tourism surge is the change in the park’s original purpose (Dichoso, 1985). Though with the
developments and improvements implemented by the city government, Burnham Park still
faces a lot of problems, especially due to urban sprawl and is now under the threat of
commercial development and congestion in the city that may eventually lead the park’s loss
of its remaining “green” character. The main framework by Daniel Burnham and William
Parsons being the author of the master plan and building the Burnham Park provided the
greatest boost to Baguio’s growth in open spaces and site reservation. But due to the city's
rapid urbanization and modernization which became out of control, their underlying plans
and ideals ceased to exist. Baguio City’s population today is about 300,000, and congestion
and pollution are experienced. The hills covered with pines are now replaced with houses,
and public spaces are slowly shrinking in size. Burnham Park is now the only remaining open
green spot within the central business district, serves an important role to the city, and the
need to conserve it arises and the continuous deteriorating condition should be addressed.
According to councilor Richard Cariño the park has now become a “large parking space”
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(Sunstar, 2015), with the huge population and large number of tourists in the city, parking
space has become a problem. Also the fencing around the park’s perimeter created clamor
from tourists and residents, claiming that the fence is a contradiction of the park’s purpose as
an open space.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As one of the main tourist attraction in the City of Baguio, Burnham Park never fails to
be in the list of the top tourist destinations of people coming from different places. The main
framework of the park by Daniel Burnham being the originator of the master plan of
Burnham Park remains in the center, but as development progresses, problems with the park
arises.

As development happened through the years, the park became noisy and commercialized,
slowly becoming a commercialized park. With that being said, does Burnham Park still serve
its original purpose which should be directly connected to unspoiled nature? Does it still
satisfy the need of the people who are using it? Can Burnham Park still offer the best
experience for the community and tourists of Baguio?

Now the challenge is to recommend design solutions through the ideas and current
experiences of the users of Burnham Park in order to maximize the people’s convenience
while using the park. It must satisfy all the needs and be a solution to the problems present in
the park based on the data gathered.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Due to lack of interaction with the people, the park became overly modernized and
urbanized. Many issues have hindered the park into providing its original purpose which is to
give people with a peaceful, quiet and convenient open space. Due to these occurring issues,
it prompted the researchers to evaluate Burnham Park through a phenomenological study if it
currently acts its purpose in providing people with a convenient place that can give them
convenience while using it without hindering the preservation, protection, improvement and
enhancement of the natural resources present in its environment.

The researchers would like to satisfy the following objectives:

1.3.1 To determine the underlying issues and problems within the park that hinders its
development and to acquire sensible information that can help the park in providing most
benefits to its users.
1.3.2 To be able to fully comprehend with the nature of Burnham Park and provide a suitable
solution to the problems present in the park based on the findings and data gathered through a
sensory map.
1.3.3 To recommend suitable design solutions for Burnham Park based on both the findings
of the study and find a suitable concept that can maximize the people’s convenience while
using the park.

1.4 HYPOTHESIS

1.4.1 Hypothesis 1
The rapid urbanization of Burnham park throughout the years has aligned with its
original purpose and has vastly improved the park, further enhancing the peoples experience.
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1.4.2 Hypothesis 2
Burnham park’s various improvements has tarnished its original purpose ruining the
people’s experience. Resulting to a need to (re-design/re-work) Burnham’s plans to satisfy
the people once again.

1.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Establishing the scope of the study, a focus on the textural and structural description
of the users of the park was determined. There is less focus on the interpretations of the user,
and more of the experiences of the participants (Moustakas, 1994). The following factors
have been taken into consideration that may affect the lived experience of participants:
history and culture, past & present park developments, environmental development, and
community. Additionally, a sensory map prepared by the researchers provided additional
input. The map was made through observation. Two major data—the textural and structural
descriptions—fall under the concept of environmental psychology (see Ch. 2.1). The user
textural description is the description in which Burnham Park is perceived as a green park,
and aims to gather data on what the ideal vision for the park would be. The user structural
description on the other hand aims to gather data on the user’s actual observation and lived
experience on the park with its existing conditions. The following figure conceptualizes the
study:

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Fig. 1.Conceptual framework

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1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study was to describe the lived experiences of park-goers of
Burnham Park. The term ‘green park’ used was based on the understanding of the
participants. The study was conducted in the general vicinity of Burnham Park. Interviews
and observations were made in the following areas of Burnham Park: Burnham Lake,
Children’s Park, Skating Rink, Rose Garden, Picnic Grove, Orchidarium, Melvin Jones
Grand Stand, and Athletic Bowl. These were the geographic limitations of the study.
The interviews were all conducted within the geographic constraints of the study. Participants
should have had basic understanding or experience of the phenomenon (Creswell, 2006). For
this reason, all participants were interviewed within the park.

Another limitation on qualitative research is that it is subject to criticisms for its

validity (Groat & Wang, 2002. Shenton, 2004). As Hycner (1985) suggested, the participants
were given a summary of the discussion at the end of their interview for a validity check. The
study was limited to a small amount of participants as phenomenological research design
only includes a small sample size (Creswell, 2006). The study does not cover a relatively
large sample size, so generalization does not occur, only through the lived experiences of the
participants were the themes extracted from.

Methodological limitations were present in the production of the sensory maps. In the
spiritual/supernatural observation, no empirical data are recorded, only through personal
observation. A potential limitation of researcher bias is present as observation regarding the
spiritual sense is close to being subjective, rather than objective (Kawulich, 2005). The study
was followed through while being aware of these limitations.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

By understanding the meaning of a “Green Park”, the study resulted in an ideal plan
for Burnham Park that may benefit and satisfy the people’s needs and continue its function as
the lungs of the city. Green parks in urban areas promote a healthier well-being and sociable
places. Urban parks and open spaces help relieve stress and enhance the sense of wellbeing.
Connecting with nature is associated with improved cognitive, mental and physical health,
enhanced creativity, and positive social behaviors (Ellis and Schwartz, 2016).

By determining the state of Burnham Park, and collecting the users’ feedback
towards the study, the necessary and appropriate policies and renovations could be made that
may help in enhancing the experience of the park users. For researchers, the study will help
them understand current problems that are present in Burnham Park based on our findings
and data gathered through our methods. For architects, they can use our study as guidelines to
pinpoint the main problems that can help them in their design process, and, to everyone who
will read this study, it will help them understand Burnham Park more — its history, it’s
development, etc.

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 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

This study has focused on the human experience of individuals concerning Burnham
Park as a green park. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used focusing primarily on the
experience and views within park-goers, vendors and key persons.

2.1 METHODS OF INQUIRY

The study made use of phenomenological approach. Being qualitative in nature, the
study required a low sample size. Interviews and observations were the main data gathering
tools. This methodology clearly presented the notions of the people concerning Burnham
Park, and through the data gathered, suitable design solutions were recommended. The
following describes the main research design and framework used in the study.

Phenomenology

Phenomenology is a philosophic methodology that attempts to find meaning behind

human experience as related to a phenomenon (Creswell, 2009). It aims to obtain the essence
(a “grasp of the very nature of things”) of the lived experience of individuals (Manen, 1990).
It seeks to describe, rather than explain (Husserl, 1970). Phenomenology has a strong
philosophical component (Creswell, 2006), as such, German philosopher Edmund Husserl is
credited to be the founder of phenomenology (Moustakas, 1994). Although rooted in
philosophy, phenomenology is used in other fields such as health, sociology, psychology, and
education (Creswell, 2006); it is also significantly used in the field of architecture (Groat&
Wang, 2013).

This study used a framework derived from Moustakas’ (1994) transcendental or

psychological phenomenology. This framework focuses more on the description of the
experiences of participants (Creswell, 2006). This process was utilized to obtain data that
other qualitative design frameworks would otherwise not obtain in detail.

In this approach, voices of respondents were heard and issues were presented (Lester,
1999), which led to recommendations for the park.

Environmental Psychology

Environmental psychology is a behavioral science which focuses on the behavioral

interaction between individuals and their physical environment (Bechtel & Churchman, with
Bonnes & Bonaiuto, 2002). The field includes environmental perception, in which the
observations for the sensory maps were based on.

2.2 POPULATION AND LOCALE OF THE STUDY

Sampling

The phenomenological framework required participants who experience the same

phenomenon, which, in this context, is the lived experience in Burnham Park. The site of
interviews was determined by locating key areas within Burnham Park. Traffic, volume of
park-goers, time, and place were considered. The sample size of 16 was obtained by basing it
on Creswell’s (2006) recommendation of 10 people, and added factors such as demographics,
classified into: kids, teenagers, middle-aged and the elderly.
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 In addition to random sampling, purposeful sampling was also conducted to produce
information-rich data (Patton, 2002). Creswell & Clark (2011) suggest selecting individuals
experienced in the phenomena, or knowledgeable about it. Persons involved in the planning
of the city and Burnham Park, or knowledgeable in the park’s history were noted of. Based
on these factors, a criterion sampling strategy was followed.

A key person, Arch. Alabanza, was notified of the interview. Once approved, the
interview took place on a date set by the key person.

Personal information was disclosed only if the participants chose to do so.

Confidentiality was treated very highly, except for the age bracket of participants, in which
the interviewers asked what age bracket they fell into. No specific age was required of them.
In organizing the interviews, pseudonyms were applied to each person.

2.3 DATA GATHERING TOOLS

The study used tactics in a framework by Creswell (2009), in which interviews, site
observations, and documentation were conducted. Interviews were conducted to primarily
obtain data regarding the lived experience of participants. Observations were conducted to
obtain data for a sensory map.

Other data collection methods included observation in making the sensory map. A
sensory map is a neuroscience term; however, a working definition was used as: a map which
shows and describes the stimulation of the senses. In-situ observation, or observation of the
immediate surroundings, is an interactive engagement of observation (Groat & Wang, 2002).
Defined as “the systematic description of events, behaviours, and artifacts in the social setting
chosen for study” (Marshall &Rossman, 1989), observation provides an objective and
accurate holistic understanding of phenomena (Kawulich, 2005).

2.4 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The lived experience of the user is needed for a phenomenological study. In this
manner, it is important to obtain data through face-to-face interviews (Creswell, 2006). The
interviews provided data which describes the park-goers’ lived experience in the park.
Participants were interviewed for about 10-15 minutes each. Key participants’ interviews ran
longer, about 45-60 minutes, as they are more experienced on the phenomenon. Non-
directive and open-ended interview questions (Waters, 2000) were prepared (see Appendix
X). Interviews were conducted in Filipino make participants further describe their lived
experience. Interviews were digitally recorded for the transcription. During transcription, the
interviews were also translated into English.

In making the sensory maps, the researchers observed the different places of the park
at different times of day. The places of observation were: Burnham Lake, Children’s Park,
Skating Rink, Rose Garden, Picnic Grove, Orchidarium, Melvin Jones Grand Stand, and
Athletic Bowl. These places were observed during early morning, midday, and night. The
stimulation of the senses while on each place was taken note of. The following senses used
were: Sight (ophthalmoception), hearing (audioception), taste (gustaoception), smell
(olfacoception), touch (tactioception), temperature (thermoception), and the metaphysical
sense or the supernatural.

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 To gather these data, the researchers directly observed the immediate surroundings.
Photos were taken for documentation and for the production of the sensory maps (see
Appendix X). For the sense of sight, vistas were captured: sceneries, activities, objects, and
the physical. For the sense of hearing, all audio were taken note of, including noise,
quietness, sound produced by the activities, etc. The sense of taste and the sense of smell are
related to each other, thus the findings are similar. This is because the receptors of these
senses are sensitive to air and food introduced to them, as they fall under the category of
chemoreception (“Chemoreception,” 2002). Researchers described what kind of smells there
were, either pleasant or unpleasant. For the sense of touch, tactile or tangible stimulations
were observed. This included changes in pavement and surface textures. For the sense of
temperature, it was noted whether the area was hot, cold, warm, chilly, etc. As for the
supernatural sense, it was noted whether the area was eerie, or welcoming. This area was
heavily based on opinion and personal feeling rather than tangible, measurable facts and is
referred to in Chapter 1’s scope and limitations of the study.

2.5 TREATMENT OF DATA

The data analyzing procedure was based on a combination of Clark Moustaka’s

(1994) and Hycner’s (1985) procedure, making use of phenomenological reduction and
synthesis. These are principles of phenomenological research.

Firstly, the interviewed data were transcribed. This included literal statements and
noted significant non-verbal communication (Hycner, 1985). The interviews were transcribed
in an interviewer/interviewee format, applying a pseudonym to the participant.

The researchers thoroughly read and re-read to understand the transcribed interviews.
Under the phenomenological framework, the researcher removed all presuppositions and gets
a sense of the whole phenomenon. This stage is called phenomenological reduction
(Moustakas, 1994). Open coding was conducted, as the answers to the questions essentially
coded themselves. Thanks to the transcription, relevant statements of the participants were
listed. The transcriptions were then summarized into words or phrases that the researchers
deemed necessary. Answers which were not describing the park-goers’ experience, or that
which makes no sense or connection to the phenomenon, are nonetheless taken note of, but
discarded in the process of obtaining units of general meaning. Having these statements, the
researchers construct a textural description, wherein participants describe their experience in
the park. Next, the structural descriptions were composed from the participants’ experience in
the park in relation to a green park.

Themes were then composed from the general and unique data gathered from the
interviews. The final step, synthesis, was the collection of all data and statements. These were
quantified into relevant clusters. After evaluation, themes emerged. Their insights and
opinions were then weighted for the researchers to evaluate if their lived experience falls
under Eudenomia, Apprehension, or Neutral. The researchers were then able to make a
comprehensive evaluation of the lived experiences and perception of users towards the
concept of Burnham Park as a green park.

From the data gathered through observation, a sensory map describing the stimulation
of the senses was made. A base map of Burnham Park was overlain with three maps, one for
each time of day (early morning, midday, and night). The maps contained details about the
condition of each area, what activities were there, which senses were affected, and other
notable observations (see Appendix X). A flowchart of the methodology is illustrated in the
following figure.
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Fig 2. Workflow of methodology.

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 CHAPTER 3: DATA PRESENTATION AND PROGRAMMATIC CONCEPTS

3.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1.1 Interview Analysis Findings and Discussions

This chapter analyzes data gathered through site observations, documentation, and
interview with the park goers, employees, and key professionals. The data gathered through
observations, and interviews became an evident source about the present park conditions that
are available to the users. This resulted in an emerging set of themes using common
descriptive terms by the respondents which were used to categorize the perceptions along
with observation data to come up with a sensory map that will be used for the design program
(Taylor and Bogdan 1998).

To fully understand the living experiences of Burnham Park, interviews were

conducted in different cluster areas such as 1. The Rose Garden, 2. Burnham Lake 3.Children
Playground; and 5.The Biking Area. Participants were asked to explain and express about
what they feel and what they do when inside the park, their impression of an Urban Green
Space, and if Burnham Park is considered as Urban Green Space and to convey their
problems and to suggest improvements for the park. The results of the study provided us the
information needed to understand what and how Green Park should be.

3.1.2 Primary Usage

Based from the data’s foreseen from sociological, environmental, economic and
health benefits taken from Burnham Park, the Burnham Park is used mostly as a place to
concentrate on physical activities and recreational activities. The researchers’ observations
together with the answers extracted from the interviews reflect the user’s purpose for visiting
the park, it emerged that the main reasons for visiting the park were for relaxation and leisure,
a place to unwind and spend their free time in the park. The available activities such as biking
and boating made the park an essential place for tourists and families. It is also a good place
for recreation and physical such as jogging and walking.

3.1.3 What is a Green Park?

According to the users’ description of a green park, the researchers came up with the
ideal characteristics of a green park which should be eco-friendly and close to nature— which
is the physical environment, particularly the abundance of vegetation such as trees, plants and
the grass or lawns. The space should also be open to the public; the users should be able to
experience freedom and not constrained due to the gradual decrease of open spaces in the
park.
As one interviewee said, “A green Park should be enjoyable to hang-out with family
and friends.”

3.1.4 Improvements

In response to the problems that manifested in the park, the participants wanted to
integrate some recommendations for the development of the park whether they are feasible
and necessary.
Litter and waste is the dominant problem in the park as stated by the users. They
quoted the need for better waste management and strengthen the park discipline, desiring the
13 | P a g e
need for cleanliness for the entire park. They said that there should be more garbage bins and
should be noticeable. They suggested that the park management should also produce creative
ways to help the park goers dispose their waste properly.

Green elements have an important role to human beings. Majority of the interviewees
mentioned to add more trees, plants and grass, to add more vitality to the park. The
interviewees mentioned that “There should be more plants especially at the rose garden” and
“bare spots are prominent on open spaces like Melvin Jones football field.”

The park users cited the need for more effective park maintenance. The primary
problems that emerged from the interviews were requesting the Burnham Lake to be cleaned
and restored. Another issue is the deterioration ofPark walkways or paths and park furniture.

3.1.5 Key themes from public interviews

The majority of our respondents during our interviews said that Burnham Park is not
considered a green park or that the park is lacking to be considered to be one. Though
according to the interviews, the park today has more vegetation and better seating. Our
respondents stated that the park used to be more “green” compared to its present condition,
where in it is encountering a lot of problems causing its “green” character to fade. Their main
reasons for it, according to users were the following:

 Burnham Park is now losing its original character because of commercialization

 Burnham Park needs for vibrant natural setting
 Burnham Park is now cluttered because of lack of discipline and disciplinary action
 Burnham Park have lost new park activities that makes people excited and entertained

This was supported by the users’ experience of the park whether it is mainly negative
(Apprehension) or positive (Eudenomia). Green spaces are supposed to give positive feeling
and basing from users’ comments on Burnham Park we found that the experience given by
the park was predominantly negative.

3.1.6 Themes derived from the interview of Key Participant

According to Arch. Joseph Alabanza the former city architect of Baguio City. “Daniel
Burnham designed the park [with] the assumption that the population of Baguio will not
reach [today’s] number because it was really designedonlyfor 25,000 people. It’s not made
to be a top city or a business city and expected to end its population at 50,000. The Burnham
Park was just designed for 25,000 to 50,000 people where it is the reason why Burnham Park
was being overcrowded. The park was made also because of the natural features of Baguio.
[…]Many things in Baguio affected the use of Burnham Park. A factor that transformed the
use of Burnham Park is the city becamethe Educational Center of the North.” The interview
revealed two main concerns regarding Burnham Park implementation:
 Burnham Park should have more trees
 Monotonous. There should be always something interesting to see
Burnham Park deteriorated because it was not designed for the present population.

14 | P a g e
 e bins and should be noticeable. They suggested that the park management should
also produce creative ways to help the park goers dispose their waste properly.

Green elements have an important role to human beings. Majority of the interviewees
mentioned to add more trees, plants and grass, to add more vitality to the park. The
interviewees mentioned that “There should be more plants especially at the rose garden” and
“bare spots are prominent on open spaces like Melvin Jones football field.”

The park users cited the need for more effective park maintenance. The primary
problems that emerged from the interviews were requesting the Burnham Lake to be cleaned
and restored. Another issue is the deterioration ofPark walkways or paths and park furniture.

3.1.5 Key themes from public interviews

The majority of our respondents during our interviews said that Burnham Park is not
considered a green park or that the park is lacking to be considered to be one. Though
according to the interviews, the park today has more vegetation and better seating. Our
respondents stated that the park used to be more “green” compared to its present condition,
where in it is encountering a lot of problems causing its “green” character to fade. Their main
reasons for it, according to users were the following:

 Burnham Park is now losing its original character because of commercialization

 Burnham Park needs for vibrant natural setting
 Burnham Park is now cluttered because of lack of discipline and disciplinary action
 Burnham Park have lost new park activities that makes people excited and entertained

This was supported by the users’ experience of the park whether it is mainly negative
(Apprehension) or positive (Eudenomia). Green spaces are supposed to give positive feeling
and basing from users’ comments on Burnham Park we found that the experience given by
the park was predominantly negative.

3.1.6 Themes derived from the interview of Key Participant

According to Arch. Joseph Alabanza the former city architect of Baguio City. “Daniel
Burnham designed the park [with] the assumption that the population of Baguio will not
reach [today’s] number because it was really designedonlyfor 25,000 people. It’s not made
to be a top city or a business city and expected to end its population at 50,000. The Burnham
Park was just designed for 25,000 to 50,000 people where it is the reason why Burnham Park
was being overcrowded. The park was made also because of the natural features of Baguio.
[…]Many things in Baguio affected the use of Burnham Park. A factor that transformed the
use of Burnham Park is the city becamethe Educational Center of the North.” The interview
revealed two main concerns regarding Burnham Park implementation:
 Burnham Park should have more trees
 Monotonous. There should be always something interesting to see
Burnham Park deteriorated because it was not designed for the present population.

1|Page
 Table 1. Coding of interview data.

APPREHENSION
EXAMPLES

EUDENOMIA

NEUTRAL
OF
RESPONDE FUNCTION RESPONDENT
OPEN CODE Then Now RECOMMENDATIONS
NT (S) WORD(S)
AS A GREEN
SPACE

Burnham park
should showcase
what Baguio is. He
says that the park
became
disordered and
*Very
messed up because
clean(+),
of tourism and *just like Camp
Enjoyable to
commercialization. John Hay
1 hangout w/ Burnham lake should be
Dining and *messy(-)
family and cleaned and maintained,
Burnham park using the park *There are lots *crowded (-)
“Not a Green friends(+) and wasted management
should analyze as a pathway. of trees
Park” should be implemented.
well what it really
needs. He says that *Clean
the park became
disordered due to
unplanned
development.

Wanting More plants specially at the

cleanliness and rose Garden
*Similar to *relaxing
security A place for *untidy
Camp John even the area
2 physical because of Lake improvement
Hay. is crowded
“Not a Green Should implement activity during lack of
*Lush
Park” discipline early morning discipline.  Patrols and security at
Vegetation
throughout the (dawn). *Beggars night
*Fresh air
park and increase
its safety through 2 | Ptoa g e
Use Recycled materials
 additional beautify the park
illumination of the
park at night

Wanting to bring
back the
communal/ family Limited
activities and *relaxing commercial
visual properties. establishmen
Lake improvement
3 *more plants ts (+)
“Not a Green Due to many and green areas *more open crowded
 add more vegetation
Park” establishments spaces(+)
around and within *grassy
the park open *untidy/mess
space is being left y
compromised.

To bring back the

“Baguio feeling”
(sense of place) *less people
and minimize the *camping
commercialization. *fish at the and picnic is
*minimize the
Burnham lake allowed *commercializ
*A lot of trees commercialization
He feels the people *more ed
*nature *maintain the ecological
4 are being held *riding inclusive to *chaotic
*eco-park balance
down due to many bicycles, *walk the public especially 
*fresh air *make a zoning plan.
establishments and eat at the *safe even at during festival
*landscape preservation.
taking over it. children’s park night
He wants to bring
back the “Baguio
feeling” (sense of
place).
Feeling of freedom *stroll * clean Over
within the park. *biking *very open development
5 *grass, Open
*eating (foods to public
“Not a Green space, flat free Yearly events like carnival
He wants to regain and treats) from *fresh Crowded 
Park” space etc.
the freedom within mini stalls and breeze(+)
the park and to park vendors Relaxing

3|Page
 free it from
distractions. Over
decorated,
crowded, full
of
distractions.

6 recommends the
Crowded
“Slightly a old Burnham Park *eating *clean *crowded More plants, wider biking
Green Park” ambiance area, cleaner lake
Imposing waste
management
*nature
7 Imposing that the *clean
*walking as
“Not a Green park should be *using modern 
recreation Adequate trash cans
Park” kept apart/held technology
down from
technology and
transportation
Wanting park
activities.
*maintain cleanliness.
8 *crowded
Curfew should be *beautiful Clean & organize
“Not a Green *hangout *lack of park  
integrated in order *peaceful crowded Curfew
Park” activities
to keep the park in Clean & organize
order

Imposing waste
9 management
*green, trees
“Not a Green *business *waste  Signage for cleaner park
and plants
Park” Imposing waste
management
Satisfied with the
present condition
10 Movies and theater, more
*sitting and
“Slightly a *a lot of plants *deterioration  grass on Melvin jones and
Park’s vegetation relaxation
Green Park” maintenance
deteriorates as
time passes

4|Page
 Improve pathway in
*more
11 Park maintenance Children’s Park.
*a place to *fresh air, hardscape
“Not a Green should be 
breathe Beautiful than green maintenance
Park” strengthened Cleanliness
areas.
Improve Paths
Add more trees, add more
Imposing *a place to
12 trash bins
mandatory cool down, *clean 
disciplinary action take a fresh air
Improve park discipline

Satisfied with the

13 present condition *hang out,
(lots of More
“It is a Green of the park. But biking, and Muddy  More Garbage bins
vegetation.) beautiful.
Park” recommends to to relax. unpaved
strengthen park
discipline.
Concluded that the More
*Better landscaping
park is better than *watch her *eco-friendly facilities,
14 *park maintenance
the old park in daughter play at *more effort to *better than
“Is slightly a  *better hardscape
terms of its the Children’s serve people the old park activities
Green Park” construction
physical Park plan
Childrens park
(aesthetic) design.
improvement
That park should
15 *biking thrice a *organized
be maintained for *lake *waste segregation
“Is slightly a week *maintained *
more tourist discolorations *and lake improvement
Green Park” *unwind *Lots of trees
attraction.
More green spaces *more trees.
16 *park maintenance shall be
will encourage *clean and
“Is slightly a *sell stuff  consistent and shall be
tourists to go to the maintained.
Green Park” improved.
park.

5|Page
3.1.2 SENSORY MAPS

3.1.2.1 BURNHAM LAKE

Early Morning

During morning, people go to Burnham Lake doing different activities. Old and young
people are doing their workout around the area. Some are jogging, some are doing Zumba.
Burnham lake is a good place for people to have their fitness activity because of the peaceful and
quiet atmosphere in the area. There are few to none boaters at the lake. There are no bikers on
the biking area. There are few to none bystanders. Some military are doing their trainings around
the lake. Chess boards and benches are not well maintained. Some areas are well paved, some
areas are not. Old trees extend their roots upwards that caused the pavements to get damaged.
The temperature of the area is generally cold, making exercise and physical activities perfect at
morning.

Mid-day

During mid-day, many tourists are relaxing around the lake using the benches with
shades. The shades provide good places for people to relax during lunch. People are enjoying
biking at the biking area. Ramps are placed around the Burnham lake for people with disabilities.
Some areas are clean enough that people can still smell the freshness of the pine trees that many
tourists are expecting at the park. Some garbage around the area are not properly disposed in
trash cans. Some people are lazy to find proper trash cans to dispose their garbage. People can
barely hear noise from vehicles around the areas. The temperature is cool and nice thanks to the
decent amount of trees scattered around the lake.

Night

During the night, the amount of people drastically drops. The temperature also drops,
making it a lot cooler. Fewer people visit the park at night and only take strolls or sit by the
lakeside. The most common people that visit the park at night are college students going home
from school and some locals. Couples mostly visit the area at night enjoying the night together.
There are still a few people that boats and bikes at night. Garbage accumulates at morning and
afternoon resulting in the trash piling up. The walkways around the lakeside are unevenly lit
resulting in some areas being dim and lacking proper lighting. The lake is relatively quiet, soft
voices, light footsteps and the sounds of insects are the most common noises that can be heard.

3.1.2.2 CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND

Early Morning

There are fewer people at morning. Children are still at school who are the main users of
the Children’s Park. Good vista can be appreciated during morning. You can see people
exercising around the area. Good pavements on some area, and some are damaged. You can
smell the scent of the grass during morning. People can barely hear vehicular noises when you
are inside the park. The temperature is relatively cold during morning.

6|Page
Mid-day
Benches aren’t being used that much on some areas because the lack of shading. Some
benches are being hit directly by sunlight making people to be congested at shaded areas.
However, children are still enjoying the playground despite the lack of shading. During this time
of day, many children are using the park. You can hear them enjoying the park. The temperature
is hot, especially on areas that are not shaded by trees. Some benches are too exposed to the sun.

Night

The Children’s Playground is closed during the night to prevent people from loitering.
The temperature is relatively cooler than mid-day. Sounds like vehicles and buzzing sounds from
insects can be heard.

3.1.2.3 SKATING RINK

Early Morning

There are few to zero activity at Skating Rink during this time of the day. You can barely
hear the Zumba music coming from the people exercising around the lake. You can smell an
unpleasant odor around the Skating Rink because of some people urinating around the area. We
noticed as well that the ground is damp due to the moisture during morning. The temperature is
relatively cold.

Mid-day

Many tourists are using the Skating Rink at this time of the day. Facilities are kind of old
but still being enjoyed by many people. People are enjoying skating. Some facilities and
equipments are old and not well-maintained. You can hear loud sounds coming from different
parts around the area. From arcades, people laughing, children playing and others. The
temperature is cool and nice because of the enclosed skating rink.

Night

The Skating Rink is also closed at night, although they don’t close the lights inside the
rink. The smell of fresh air and trees is due to the nearby picnic area having abundance of trees.
The area is quiet as only a few people pass by the rink at night.

3.1.2.4 ROSE GARDEN

Early Morning

There are few people around the garden at this time. You can see few people exercising
and few casual passers-by. There is a decent amount of lighting around the area. The main gate
on the side is still closed. Some pavements are already damaged which was caused by the
removal of the Christmas tree last Christmas. A slightly fragrant smell coming from the flowers
and other plants is present. People can barely hear noises from vehicles when they are inside the
garden. The temperature is cold.

7|Page
Mid-day
Some areas lack shading. People are congested on the shaded area that makes the garden
not an efficient place for people to relax on this time of the day. There are not enough seats as
well. People are just sitting at the grass areas of the garden. Vendors around the garden are
abundant selling foods. A slightly fragrant smell coming from the flowers is present. Some
pavements are not being maintained. People can barely hear noises outside the garden. The
temperature is hot on areas that lack shading.

Night

This is the most visited area of the park due to it being the most well-lit and developed
area. Most people come here to take pictures, take a walk or just sit and relax. Since there are
fewer people that visit the night, the sitting capacity is not a problem. Some night vendors such
as fish ball carts actively do business around Rose Garden. Fragrant smells of the flowers are
more prominent since there are lesser people and vehicles passing by, additionally, the air is
fresh with lesser smoke coming from the vehicles. The temperature is cooler and a slight breeze
can be felt coming from the nearby lake. Sounds such as people talking, buzzing noises from
insects, footsteps and vehicles can be heard. The damaged pavement is still noticeable even at
night.

3.1.2.5 ORCHIDARIUM

Early Morning

There few people around the area. The Orchidarium is still closed at this time of the day.
Stalls are just starting to open. People can smell slight fragrance coming from inside. There are
no pavement changes. Slightly muffled outside noise. The temperature is cold.

Mid-day

There are few tourists that are using the Orchidarium even at this time of the day. Only
buyers of flowers are usually being seen at this area. Garbage is scattered inside the orchidarium,
usually hidden at the inner most part of the garden. People can barely hear vehicle noises outside
because of the decent amount of trees surrounding the area. People can smell the freshness
coming from the flowers. People can experience the natural feel of the garden. The temperature
is cool enough even at this time of the day because of many shaded areas.

Night

The area is also closed at night, though the entrance has proper lighting, noises are mostly
from vehicles passing by, and you can smell the fragrance coming from the plants inside. The
area is cool like the other areas in the park at night.

3.1.2.6 MELVIN JONES GRAND STAND

Early Morning

8|Page
 Few to no people are around the area at this time. Few lightings around the area.
Dangerous for passers-by because some areas are very dark. Grass on the area are damp because
of the morning moisture caused by cold weather. Urine scent can be smelled on the stage at the
front of the grandstand. Some people are urinating at the said area. It lacks lighting as well. The
lights are damaged and not working. The temperature is cold.

Mid-day

People are using the grandstand for shading. Garbage is scattered around the area. Some
food leftovers that came from people are scattered around the area. Garbage is not properly
disposed of. Plant boxes are sometimes filled with garbage. Garbage bags serve as trash cans
which are pinned only around the fences. Urine odor can be smelled on the stage. Dusty during
windy days. Some parts are not well mowed or paved. Peaceful and quiet as well and can barely
hear noises from vehicles when you are inside the open area. Parking lots at the side of the open
field lacks trees that may shade the parked vehicles. The general temperature is hot.

Night

Even at night the area is still booming with activities, the most common ones being
soccer and people practicing their dances like hip-hop and contemporary. With the grandstand
being the most prominent area of Melvin jones many people gather here from people sitting
down and relaxing to others doing different activities. People also goes to dinner at the nearby
restaurants (Ganza and Solibao) located at the edges of the grandstand The open space is mainly
used by people playing soccer and the most common noises coming from the people and vehicles
passing from the nearby parking lot and roads. The area is very cool with a breeze due to the
wide open space.

3.1.2.7 ATHLETIC BOWL

Early Morning

Good vista can be seen when you are at the bleachers. Good paved courts can be seen as
well. There are people exercising on this area. Some areas are unpaved as well. Parking lots are
not well planned. There is a weird smell near the entrance. The area is relatively quiet. The
footsteps from the joggers can be barely heard. The open track and field is well paved. bleachers
seem dirty and covered with dust. The temperature is cold.

Mid-day

Garbage is scattered around the area coming from people using the Athletic bowl
especially from people who are using the grand stadium as a resting area. The open field are
well-used by athletes but need a little bit of maintenance. Bleachers on the swimming complex
aren’t being used. Lacks shading and roof. The pool is being used well by athletes practicing but
also need maintenance. Some parts of the bleachers need cleaning and maintenance. The area is
nice and quiet. Athletes and other people using the area can concentrate on their activities. The
parking area lacks shading as well. Vehicles are directly exposed to sun. The temperature is hot,
although cool on the shaded part of the area.
9|Page
Night
The area is relatively well lit specially in the bleachers but the oval is very dim having
poor visibility from afar. Few people visit this part of the area and sometimes the oval closes.
There is a nearby tennis court which is still used by regular tennis patrons and sometimes closes
early. The area is cool and quiet few noises can be heard mostly from vehicles.

3.1.2.7 PICNIC GROVE

Early Morning

There are few to no activity around the area. There are few to no people as well. Some
trash are still scattered around the area. Vandalism can be seen written at the walls of the Skating
Rink. Some benches are already damaged and not maintained. Scent of trees around the picnic
grove can be smelled around the area. It is quiet and only the Zumba music coming from near the
lake can be heard. The temperature is cold.

Mid-day

Benches are being used well by picnickers. People are enjoying the decent shading
provided by many trees around the area. Some people don’t dispose their garbage after using the
benches. Can barely hear noises from vehicles outside the grove. Some picnic benches are not
well maintained. The temperature is cool and not too hot thanks to the decent amount of trees
scattered around the area.

Night

The picnic area is not lit making visibility poor and safety may become an issue. The
area is fresh due to the trees surrounding the area. The area is relatively quiet and people only
pass by the area as a route. Sounds that are most common are insects buzzing and the area is very
cool.

10 | P a g e
Fig. 3.1 Burnham Lake (Early Morning) Sensory Map
11 | P a g e
Fig. 3.2 Burnham Lake (Mid day) Sensory Map

12 | P a g e
Fig. 3.3 Burnham Lake (Night) Sensory Map

13 | P a g e
Fig. 4.1 Children’s Park (Early Morning) Sensory Map

14 | P a g e
Fig. 4.2 Children’s Park (Mid day) Sensory Map
15 | P a g e
Fig 4.3 Children’s Park (Night) Sensory Map

16 | P a g e
Fig 5.1 Skating Rink and Picnic Grove (Early Morning) Sensory Map

17 | P a g e
Fig. 5.2 Skating Rink and Picnic Grove (Mid day) Sensory Map

18 | P a g e
Fig. 5.3 Skating Rink and Picnic Grove (Night) Sensory Map
19 | P a g e
Fig. 6.1 Rose Garden (Early Morning) Sensory Map
20 | P a g e
Fig. 6.2 Rose Garden (Mid day) Sensory Map
21 | P a g e
Fig. 6.3 Rose Garden (Night) Sensory Map
22 | P a g e
Fig. 7.1 Orchidarium (Early Morning) Sensory Map

23 | P a g e
Fig. 7.2 Orchidarium (Mid day) Sensory Map

24 | P a g e
Fig. 7.3 Orchidarium (Night) Sensory Map

25 | P a g e
Fig. 8.1 Melvin Jones (Early Morning) Sensory Map

26 | P a g e
Fig. 8.2 Melvin Jones (Mid day) Sensory Map

27 | P a g e
Fig. 8.3 Melvin Jones (Night) Sensory Map

28 | P a g e
Fig 9.1 Athletic Bowl (Early Morning) Sensory Map

29 | P a g e
Fig 9.2 Athletic Bowl (Mid day) Sensory Map
30 | P a g e
Fig 9.3 Athletic Bowl (Night) Sensory Map

31 | P a g e
3.2 PROGRAMMATIC CONCEPTS

After the observations and interview data were collected, descriptive words which were
common to all or most of the interview respondents were derived. These data were analysed to
identify problems, based on living experiences and perceptions that were common to the
particular respondents. It was revealed that each individual relates to the environment through an
identity of their own, which is influenced by the surroundings dominated by the feeling of
Apprehension.

According to White (1999), people desire places that provide clean, fresh air, uncluttered,
natural environment, and space for themselves and their families to relax. Still others want a
space that gives back to the community by defining places for recreation and relaxation. A park
should provide a meaningful exterior space in urban environments and appropriate setting for
human activity. This supports easy movement and entice us along with engaging destinations and
wonderful invitations to explore. Appreciation of the urban environment requires “language”,
the richer our language is, the more available the environment is to understanding and
appreciation.

In appreciating we have a better understanding of places in order for people to fully

know, enjoy and value it, with appreciation, people are able to sense more, to experience more
and to hold a place with higher regard. And thru appreciating, there would be an increase on
beauty, resolution, clarity and utility of public spaces. In Design Interventions that change or
improve them, these interventions leave them better than we found them. Understanding a place
is a component of appreciation. In Understanding precedes Intervention.

A proper setting for human activity should support easy movement and entice us along
with engaging destinations and wonderful invitations to explore, these setting should cater day-
to-day life as well as special events. The reverence of a place depends on the understanding of
the city in it’s present state, where as the quality of experience in a place is different when we
have learned about it’s past, understand it’s present form, what are the reasons that made the
place the way it is now? And to know something about it’s possible future.

The research is a phenomenological study which aims to identify the people concept or
visions of a “green park”. We have established what they need and want in a “green park” and by
conforming to it, an enhanced and more enjoyable experience can be obtained by the people.
This would create a sense importance and better appreciation of the park. The park’s value to the
community would increase and the people would tend to care and preserve it. As stated in
(Clean Communities Assessment Tool.CCAT.2011)“Direct observations of littering and use of
litter, recycling and butt bins links what people say they do and what they actually do. Direct
observation also enables identification of the type of items consumed by people and their
associated disposal behaviour.”

32 | P a g e
 As suggested, the concept of PPP (Path, Portal and Place) these are primary objects of
attention together with the ways we can know and appreciate a place. Paths, portals, and places
make-up the majority of meaningful exterior space in urban environment especially parks. This
Concept builds effectivity of meaningful exterior spaces in urban environments.

PATH PORTAL PLACE

Fig. 10 PPP Diagram

The Path is devoted to circulation, moving place to place, The experiences of approach,
anticipation, vibration and arrival, It is the movement to and from one place, It is a ritual of
procession, the threshold of transformation where paths open into places, It savors expectations
of reaching a destination that leads to invitational power of a quality parks.

MOVEMENT
PHYSICAL USE/ FEEL SENSE OF
CONFIGURATION AND
ATTRIBUTES ACTIVITY (AMBIANCE) PURPOSE
CIRCULATION

Fig. 11 Elements of Path

The Portal are about Transition and transformation, they are gateways, where the path
experience of moving toward of becoming, shifts into a place, the experience of arriving, and this
endows the people with mystery and magic. Doorways that draw along paths, It gives the
anticipation of the portal, A preview or glimpse of the place, where people scan the space for
possibilities, options and invitations, and where people decide their next move within the place.
The effectivity of a functioning portal is largely based on the success of the path and place it
connects.

VISIBLE
INVITATIONS

PREVIEW / GLIMPSE
OF A PLACE.

Fig. 12 Elements of Portal

NEXT MOVE OR ACTION 33 | P a g e
WITHIN A PLACE
 The Place is the Destination to which paths take us, A Place is about joining, being and
belonging, while paths invites us to move and portals moves us through places, The Place invites
us to stay, to settle in and participate in the activities there.

Something in us knows when we are in a good public space. In parks we detect the
attributes of a good park even if we don’t consciously attend to them or can’t describe them into
words. The qualities of these spaces in a park that make them successful vary across cultures and
even from individual to individual. Our background, education, profession and personal interest
can influence the ways we make sense of a place and our identification of factors that we deem
critical to their success of being named as a good park. Because people have different
sensitivities to public space, appreciate the area differently, and employ different clues to judge
its goodness.

34 | P a g e
 DEFINITION
Thru improvement of paths and pavements,
Clarity of Boundary, Sense of “There”.
repair of destroyed pathways.

IDENTITY
Posseses uniqueness, Space is imaginable,
memorable, easily apprehend it’s essence and Thru Retained Character of the Park.
carry it as a memory when we leave.

CHARACTER
Has a personality, It’s not just there but is about
Recommended solutions according to user’s
something. It has a theme, Athmosphere, Mood.
Distinct energy, pace and vibration.
needs.

BEAUTY
For a place to be good, It should be beautiful, It moves us to an aesthetic
To enhance aesthetic value of the park by adding more variety of plants
experience. The space, Activity and physical fabric are appealing and
and trees into the park that would also suit the character of Burnham Park.
pleasurable.

HABITABILITY
Positive Places are life-affirming, They are not
only safe, secure and healthy but easily Proper placement of Shading and Lights
accessible, convenient and a joy to be in.

SIGNIFICANCE
The meaningfulness, It has a Story, A history,
Retaining of the Historic places and
There is reverence. For the place because of the
events that happened there.
monuments

CONNECTEDNESS
Relate well to larger community context, They contribute The proximity of Burnham Park to the CBD
to the broader environment by their location and
partnership. With other places. It is a network. area of Baguio City.

SENSUALITY
Engages our senses and emotions. It touches our
By applying the concept of PPP on the park,
humanity and invites us to enjoy the fullness of
sensations. we can heighten the people’s senses.
Fig. 13 Elements of Good Public Space 35 | P a g e
 CHAPTER 4:ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS

4.1 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS AND NARRATIVE

Based on the information gathered from the interviews and observations in the sensory
map, the researchers have come up with the following design solutions for each areas of the park.
The researchers have identified the present problems within the park through direct observation
at the park during the time of the study. The statements below explain the concepts behind the
solutions provided in the previous chapter.

4.1.1 Burnham Lake

Burnham Lake is the center of the park that connects the different areas within the park,
with the artificial lake serving as its focal point. Brimming with different activities and people,
the area has seen its fair share of problems. Its poor lighting around the lake during the night may
bring concerns such as safety, with uneven and slightly damaged pavements and the
uncontrollable littering around the area of the lake. These problems were presented with
solutions such as putting up signage that will designate each areas such as location of trash bins,
properly planned location of light posts for even distribution of lighting and the repairing of
paved surfaces.

4.1.2 Children’s park

The children’s park or the play area is the area allocated for children. The problems it’s
facing were the few number of playing facilities, the lack of shading which created the
concentration of people to a certain area, and the poor conditions of the paving for the pathway.
In order to balance the use of the space, additional shaded benches and tables in the unused areas
of the park, and more diverse play choices were proposed. Distinct areas and facilities for young
and older children were provided in the concept since they have different needs and
requirements. The repair of the pavements for better mobility along the children’s park was also
proposed.

4.1.3 Skating and picnic grove

The indoor skating rink which was enclosed by the picnic grove is well lit, however, the
facilities were lacking and vandalism is prevalent around its walls. The picnic grove has very
poor lighting at night which caused it to be a place for unlawful and intimate activities. The
solutions were to provide lighting around the picnic grove, and the presence of staff or security in
the area to prevent such activities.

4.1.4 Rose garden

36 | P a g e
 The Rose Garden is one of the most developed area of the park, the place most people
would go to no matter what time of the day it is. Though the garden was well developed the
research has shown that it still lacks the vegetation and rose plantation. As a solution we have
provided more plants specifically rose varieties to enhance the aesthetic quality of the place. The
vegetation can also provide shading at the exposed areas, and a shaded walkway can provide
more sensory stimulation for the users. We also provided more seating choices in the area to
increase comfort of the users.

4.1.5 Melvin Jones Grandstand

The Melvin Jones Grand Stand and Football Field at the eastern part of the park are
normally used for several activities is one of the most famous parts of the park. Based from the
problems present in Melvin Jones the researchers had incorporated the following solutions to
optimize the place for its users, by: providing enough lighting around the place at night to
illuminate some parts which seem to be neglected due to poor lighting, to provide wide range of
clear vision even during at night which can prevent people from loitering around and within the
place; choosing the right grass for the lawn which gives life to the place, by doing so it can
enhance the people’s mobility and enlighten their mood; providing shading facilities around the
perimeter of Melvin Jones for people and bystanders, to reduce the concentration of crowds at
the grandstand; and provide enough trash bins in the proper location which can ease the problem
of waste management within the place. By providing the following, the researchers yearn for the
optimum output with minimal but significant changes for the place.

4.1.6 Orchidarium

The Orchidarium located near the end of the biking area is where variety of plants are
sold. Lack of defining features had made the Orchidarium a place that not many people would
visit unless they would buy plants. The gate, while effective, lacks the aesthetic property that
would entice visitors. The Orchidarium also lacks a place where the tools used for maintenance
are stored adding a tool shed would solve that problem. Garbage is also not properly disposed
and lack of trash cans has proved to be the problem. Worn out benches and tables would need
repairs which can be useful to the people.

4.1.7 Athletic Bowl

The Baguio Athletic Bowl being the main sports venue within the grounds of Burnham
Park faces minor problems. The present condition of the Athletic Bowl triggered the researchers
to integrate the following concept to optimize the use of the place. This concept showcases some
important things that can maximize its potential which can live up to the expectations and give
convenience to the users, by: providing a well-organized parking area, the place can increase
parking accommodations and can provide enough space in integrating new facilities that is

37 | P a g e
relevant to the users together with providing trees essential for sun shading as well as reducing
the carbon emission within the area; providing enough lighting at night to enhance the place
versatility and can prevent unlawful acts within the site; placing enough trash bins which can
bring order to the place and can ease the waste management; and by integrating sun shading
facilities to the bleachers near the swimming complex can entice people to use the bleachers
while waiting for their companion within the complex.

38 | P a g e
4.2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

Fig. 14. Athletic Bowl Recommended Solutions 39 | P a g e

Fig. 15 Burnham Lake Recommended Solutions
40 | P a g e
Fig. 16 Children’s Park Recommended Solutions
41 | P a g e
Fig. 17 Melvin Jones Recommended Solutions

42 | P a g e
Fig. 18 Orchidarium Recommended Solutions
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Fig. 19 Rose Garden Recommended Solutions
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Fig. 20 Skating Rink and Picnic Grove Recommended Solutions
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Fig. 21 Burnham Park Recommended Solutions Overall

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 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This phenomenological study was conducted to understand the lived experiences of park-
goers in Burnham Park to benefit and satisfy the people’s needs and help the park continue its
function as the lungs of the city. Through a phenomenological framework, the findings of the
study cover: The parks’ primary usage, participants’ description of a green park, and
improvements in the park.
Burnham Park is used for physical and recreational activities. Physical activities include,
jogging, walking, and exercising. Recreational activities include relaxation and leisure, biking,
and boating.
A green park, according to the participants’ description, is eco-friendly, with landscaping
elements such as vegetation, trees, plants, and greens. It should make the park-goers experience a
feeling of Eudenomia (ostensibly positive feeling).
Improvements were suggested based on the present problems. Participants mentioned
waste management, in which it was suggested that providing better and more trash bins will
make waste management easier. Pavements have been noticeably damaged throughout the park,
so fixing and changing the pavement will enhance movement according to the Path-Portal-Place
(PPP) framework. It was noticed as well, that the park lacks shading especially on important
areas (Children’s Park, Rose Garden, Melvin Jones), in which improvements may be made by
providing more trees, and sheds on certain areas. Facilities are old and needed maintenance. A
toolshed is recommended in the Orchidarium. Dilapidated benches and tables which are not
maintained should be repaired and improved. Playing facilities in the Children’s Park needs to be
improved and add more shading elements. Adding signage’s will indicate directions and give
better sense of place for the users. Assigning security personnel will allow the parks’ gate to be
open at all times, thus encouraging more park-goers. Some areas are very dark at night that can
cause unwanted and criminal acts. Providing more lights at pathways and open fields will
improve visibility and security during night time.

5.2. Conclusions

The study revolves with the present condition of the park and its capability to match with
the people’s needs and wants. To wrap up the study, the research has shown that Burnham Park
has drastically changed from what it was than to what it is today. Through the years, the rapid
growth of population in Baguio together with the commercialization of the area has triggered the
problems which underlie in today’s park’s condition. The research has shown that the park’s
capability to accommodate nor satisfy the needs of the people has deteriorated over time. This
problem drives the researchers to study and determine solutions to be able to help the park to
cope up with the standards of the people today, by determining the notions of the people towards
the park’s condition and knowing issues and problems that hinders the park’s development. The
researchers’ main aim is to be able to find suitable solutions to the problem by acquiring sensible
information that can aid them to come up with the right recommendations. With the data
gathered during the study, the researchers have identified prevalent problems within the park.
Through this data, the researchers have determined what suitable solutions may be recommended
and hope to aide future research related to the study to further improve said solutions for the

47 | P a g e
development of the park, enhancing its capability to serve the people by giving them quality time
and experience while in the park.

5.3 Recommendations
Further research is recommended to expand the scope of the study. Sixteen participants
were interviewed in the study. To further verify the results, the number of participants may be
increased. Being a qualitative study, validity checks by other research are recommended.

Since the main focus of the phenomenological framework is to describe the lived
experiences of the participants, design solutions were based on their response towards Burnham
Park and on the researchers’ observations through the sensory maps. Thus, feasibility studies on
the recommended solutions are needed. Since the solutions provided were concepts, it is
recommended that further research on how the placement and location of trash bins affect the
cleanliness of the park.

Another recommended field of study is public discipline/etiquette research that will help
understand how people act in Burnham. Understanding the people’s behaviour would provide a
better explanation on how they perceive and act towards the park.

Psychological studies on how the park has affected people’s perception and the
environment’s influence on the people’s mind set would help understand what they feel and
perceive when going to a park.

Furthermore, this research may be used as a basis for further studies regarding Burnham
Park.

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 REFERENCES

Bechtel, R. & Churchman, A. (with Bonnes, M. & Bonaiuto, M.). (2002). Handbook of
Environmental Psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Bernhardi, L., Carroll, B., Posner, G. ( 2013) Climate Change Resilience Planning Central Park
Conservancy Institute. Columbia University.
Retrieved from: http://sustainability.ei.columbia.edu/files/2014/07/CPC-Final-Report.pdf

Central Park Conservancy. (2011). Report on the Public Use of Central Park.
Retrieved from: http://www.centralparknyc.org/assets/pdfs/surveyreport_april2011.pdf

Chemoreception. Science of Everyday Things. Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com:

http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/chemoreception-0

Creswell, J.W. (2006). Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among five
approaches (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods

Approaches, 3rd Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.

Ellis, D. & Schwartz, R. (2016). The Roles of an Urban Parks System. Retrieved from
http://www.worldurbanparks.org/images/Documents/The-Roles-of-an-Urban-Parks-System.pdf

Dion, K., Stefancik, D., Hawkins S., Brislow, R.. Park Resources as an Essential to Urban
Societies. Westfield State College, Westfield, MA.

Dunnett, N., Swanwick, C & Woolley, H. (2002). Improving Urban Parks, Play Areas and
Green Spaces. London

Groat, L. N., & Wang, D. (2002). Architectural Research Methods. New York: J. Wiley.

Husserl, E (1970). trans D Carr Logical investigations , New York, Humanities Press

Hinds, J. & Sparks, P. (2011). The Affective Quality of Human-Natural Environment

Relationships. Sheffeld Hallam University & University of Sausex.

Kawulich, Barbara B. (2005). Participant Observation as a Data Collection Method. Forum

Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(2), Art. 43. Retrieved from
http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/466

Lester, S. (1999). An Introduction to Phenomenological Research. Stan Lester Developments,

Taunton. Retrieved from https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/F50603E0-41AF-4B15-9C84-
BA7E4DE8CB4F/0/Seaweedphenomenologyresearch.pdf.

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McCormack, G., Rock M., Toohey, A., Hignell, D. (2010). Characteristics of Urban Park
associated with park use and physical activity: A review of qualitative research. University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive
pedagogy. New York, NY: SUNY Press

Dichoso, Rebecca D. (1985). The Planning of Baguio City: A Historical Perspective. Philippine
Planning Journal, School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines. Quezon
City Philippines 16(2), 21 – 34 Retrieved from:
http://conference.surp.upd.edu.ph/downloads/PPJ/Vol%20XVI,%20No.%202%20(April%20198
5).pdf

Firmalino, Tito C. Highlights of the Baguio City Plan, Philippine Planning Journal, Vol. XII,
NO.2 (April 1981), pp. 30-31.

Reed, R.. City of pines: The origins of baguio as a colonial hill station and regional capital.
Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies: University of California, Berkeley, California.

Shenton, A. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects.

School of Informatics: Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Silao, F. Burnham's Plan for Manila, Philippine Planning Journal. Vol. 1 No.1 (Oct.,1969).

Morley, I. City designing and nationhood during the early-1900’s: Civic design in the
philippines. Department of History, Chinese University of hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hongkong.
Retrieved from:
http://www.fau.usp.br/iphs/abstractsAndPapersFiles/Sessions/33/Morley.pdf

Taylor, S.J., and Bogdan, R. (1998).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook

and resource. John Wiley and Sons Inc.

White, Edward T. (1999). Path, Portal, Place: Appreciating Public Space in Urban
Environments. Tallahassee, FL: Architectural Media Ltd.

50 | P a g e
 APPENDIX A

(Burnham Lake) People relaxing at the side of the lake.

(Biking Lane) People enjoying the bicycle lane.

(Picnic Grove) Old people relaxing at the shaded part of grove. 51 | P a g e

 (Rose Garden) Open part of the garden. (Burnham Lake) View deck part of the the
People can still access even though the gate is lake.
close.

(Burnham Lake Drive) View of lake drive (Burnham Lake Drive) Other side of the
during night. sidewalk of Lake drive beside Gansa
Restaurant.

52 | P a g e
 (Biking Lane) Many are still enjoying the biking lane during
night.

(Children’s Park) Closed gate of Children’s Park.

(Burnham Lake) People enjoying boating at the lake.

53 | P a g e
 (Skating Rink) Old facilities

(Melvin Jones Parking Lot) People sitting at the sides of fences.

(Melvin Jones) Cordillera Plaque located at 54 | P a g e

(Burnham Lake Sidewalks) Damaged
the Melvin Jones. pavements at the sidewalk.
 (Rose Garden) People enjoying at the garden.

(Athletic Bowl) Open tennis court at the Melvin Jones.

(Skating Park) Skaters playing at the side of Rose Garden.

55 | P a g e
(Athletic Bowl) Archery Range at the side of Swimming Pool Complex.

(Sidewalk of Biking Lane) Old people strolling at the park.

56 | P a g e
APPENDIX B

57 | P a g e
58 | P a g e
APPENDIX C

59 | P a g e
60 | P a g e
61 | P a g e
62 | P a g e
63 | P a g e
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65 | P a g e
66 | P a g e
67 | P a g e
68 | P a g e
69 | P a g e
70 | P a g e
(SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS)

Phenomenological Research Guidelines

by Dr. Janet Waters 2000; revised 2016 Research Method:

The goal of qualitative phenomenological research is to describe a "lived experience" of a

phenomenon. As this is a qualitative analysis of narrative data, methods to analyze its data must
be quite different from more traditional or quantitative methods of research. Data collection: Any
way the participant can describe their lived phenomenal experience can be used to gather data in
a phenomenological study. You can use an interview to gather the participants' descriptions of
their experience, or the participants' written or oral self-report, or even their aesthetic expressions
(e.g. art, narratives, or poetry).

Try to be as non-directive as possible in your instructions. Unlike a survey or questionnaire,

in a phenomenological study you would ask participants to describe their experience of, for
example, "riding on a BC Ferry", without directing or suggesting their description in any way.
However, do encourage your participant to give a full description of their experience, including
their thoughts, feelings, images, sensations, memories - their stream of consciousness - along
with a description of the situation in which the experience occurred. You may need to ask for
clarification of details on the self-report or interview. If so, your follow up questions should
again ask for further description of the detail, without suggesting what you are looking for.

1. How long have you been visiting Burnham Park?

(How many times in a week or a month do you visit the Burnham Park?)

2. Every time you visit the Burnham Park, what do you do and how do you feel?
(In your experience, what satisfaction does the Burnham park gives you?)

3. From your own opinion what rings in to your mind about the word “Green Park”?
(What are the things do you expect if you are to visit a “Green Park”?)

4. From your description about “Green Park” what can you say about the Burnham
Park in comparison?
(If you are to incorporate the concept of a “Green Park” into the Burnham Park, what are
the things you want to change or add? And if these changes is to be made, can you tell us
what satisfaction can it bring you and the people using it)

5. Can you tell us your opinion or reaction of incorporating “Green Park” to the
Burnham Park?
6. What are your recommendations for improving the Burnham Park?

71 | P a g e
 CURRICULUM VITAE

#24 Diego Silang Street,

Baguio City 2600
+639165034704
frasen00@gmail.com

ANG, FRANZ EDSEN G.

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2012-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City
High School:
2007 - 2011
Baguio Patriotic High School
Baguio City

Elementary:
1999-2007
Baguio Patriotic High School
Baguio City

Personal Data:
Nickname: Franz
Date and Place of Birth: May 11, 1994
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Status: Single
Father: Francisco Eddie C. Ang
Occupation: Businessman
Mother: Marites G. Ang
Occupation: N/a
Character Reference:
Name:
Company:
Contact No.:

Organization/Affiliation:

United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)

72 | P a g e
 CURRICULUM VITAE

#083 Calaocan Manaoag,

Pangasinan 2430
+639275819075
Hpesojkharly30@gmail.com

CASTILLO, KHARLY JEFF F.

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2012-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City
High School:
2007 - 2011
Manaoag National High School
Manaoag, Pangasinan
Elementary:
2001-2007
Family Child Development School
Manaoag Pangasinan

2003-2007
Manaoag Central School
Manaoag, Pangasinan
Personal Data:
Nickname: Potpot
Date and Place of Birth: September 30, 1995
Religion: Methodist - Christian
Nationality: Filipino
Status: Single
Father: Joseph B. Castillo
Occupation: Deceased
Mother: Evelyn A. Fabro
Occupation: Teacher
Character Reference:
Name: Ar. Roberto C. Manansala Jr., uap, MSCM
Company: Manansala Design Office
Contact No.: 09434487928
Organization/Affiliation:
United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)

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#75 Don
Baguio City 2600
09293434629
keanucastro01@gmail.com Insert Grad Pic
here (1.5” width)

CASTRO, KEANU V.
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2011-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City

High School:
2007-2011
Estanza National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan

Elementary:
2000-2006
Saint Columban’s College
Lingayen, Pangasinan

Personal Data:
Nickname: Keanu, Kean
Date and Place of Birth: 11 October 1994, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Status: Single
Father: Renato C. Castro
Occupation: OFW
Mother: Susie V. Castro
Occupation: Businesswoman

Character Reference:
Name:
Company:
Contact No.:

Organization/Affiliation:
United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)

74 | P a g e
 CURRICULUM VITAE

#69 New Lucban, Baguio City 2600

09151234567 Insert Grad Pic
Afluiz07@gmail.com here (1.5” width)

FURUGGANAN, ALVIN LUIZ B.

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2011-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City

High School:
2007-2011
St. Camillus College of Manaoag
Brgy Licsi Manaoag Pangasinan

Elementary:
2001-2008
St. Camillus College of Manaoag
Brgy Licsi Manaoag Pangasinan

Personal Data:
Nickname: Furu
Date and Place of Birth: September 30, 1993 Dagupan, Pangasinan
Religion: Born Again Christian
Nationality: Filipino
Status: Single
Father: Agustin T. Furugganan
Occupation: Production Manager
Mother: Luzviminda B. Furugganan
Occupation: Retired Teacher

Character Reference:
Name:
Company:
Contact No.:

Organization/Affiliation:

United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)

75 | P a g e
CURRICULUM VITAE

#507, Camp Allen

Purok 6, Baguio City 2600
09355578489 Insert Grad Pic
fine_msw@yahoo.com.ph here (1.5” width)

GATDULA, CARLO D.
Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2011-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City

High School:
2007-2011
Pines City National High School - Main
Palma St., Baguio City

Elementary:
2001-2007
Victory Baptist Academy
Palma St., Baguio City

Personal Data:
Nickname: Caloy
Date and Place of Birth: 30 Dec 1995, Baguio City
Religion: Baptist
Nationality: Filipino
Status: S
Father: Elmer D. Gatdula
Occupation: Sitel Facilities Coordinator
Mother: Annie Lynn D. Gatdula
Occupation: Housewife

Character Reference:
Name: Joseph Estacion
Company: Sitel
Contact No.: 09297731168

Organization/Affiliation:
White & Blue
76 | P a g e
 CURRICULUM VITAE

MB 188 b-2 Guadayan,Puguis,

La Trinidad, Benguet 2601
+639466030314
jdy0060@gmail.com

LAGADEO, JEDDY MAR D.

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

College Education: 2012-2017

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Saint Louis University, Baguio City

High School:
2007 - 2011
Benguet State University
La Trinidad, Benguet

Elementary:
2001-2007
Little Flower Children’s Home Foundation
La Trinidad, Benguet

Personal Data:
Nickname: “jed”
Date and Place of Birth: December 12, 1994
Religion: Anglican
Nationality: Filipino
Status: Single
Father: Peter M. Lagadeo
Occupation: Self- Employed
Mother: Vilma s. Dagas
Occupation: Housewife
Character Reference:
Name: Ar. ., uap, MSCM
Company:
Contact No.:
Organization/Affiliation:
United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA)
77 | P a g e