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2- What is the relation between crude oil Sp. Gr. and API gravity?
Ans: Heavier hydrocarbons will have higher Sp. Gr. And low API gravity.
141.5
Ans: API gravity = -------- - 131.5
Sp. Gr
6- What is temperature?
Ans: It is a measure of how hot something is.
7- What are the four types of devices commonly used to measure temperature?
Ans: A- Mercury thermometer.
B- Filled system temperature indicator.
C- Bimetallic thermometer, Thermocouple
D- Resistance temperature detector RTD.
1
Ans: It is the minimum gas temperature at which the gas water content started to form the
1st drop.
18- What happens to the temperature, pressure and volume of gas when it is compressed.
Ans: When gas is compressed the pressure and temperature will increase and volume decreases.
2
T2: 300 oC
T3: 200 oC
T4: 135 oC
T5: 100 oC
T6: 85 oC
3
32- What is viscosity?
Ans: Viscosity is the resistance of fluid to flow.
Unit for absolute viscosity is Poise or C. Poise.
Unit for kinetic viscosity is Stoke or C. Stoke.
40- How do we calculate chemical injection rate in crude oil pipeline for 40000BPD recommended
corrosion inhibitor injection rate 15 ppm. What is the required chemical injection rate in liters
and gallons.
Ans: 40000x159x15 / 1000000 = 95.4 liters / day
40000x42x15 / 1000000 = 25.2 gallons / day
41- How do we calculate chemical injection rate in crude oil pipeline for 50000BPD and chemical
injection rate is 75 litres / day (20 gallons / day). What is the injection rate in ppm.
Ans: 1000000x75 / 50000x159 = 9.8 ppm.
1000000x20 / 50000x42 = 9.5 ppm.
42- Calculate scale inhibitor injection rate for 40000 BPD of crude oil, chemical injection 5ppm.
What is the injection rate in liters / day (one barrel is 208 liters or 55 gallons)?
Ans: 40000x208x5 / 1000000 = 41.6 liters / day
44- What are ball valves mainly used for in a process system?
Ans: In high pressure pipelines as an isolation valve.
45- What are butterfly valves mainly used for in a process system?
4
Ans: In low pressure pipelines as an isolation valve.
46- What is the function of Lead (Duty) and Lag (Standby) switch of compressor?
Ans: Lead (Duty) compressor will be always on line while Lag (Standby) compressor on
standby. In case of lead compressor fail to provide enough discharge pressure, lag compressor
will automatically start and increase the discharge pressure.
49- What are the functions of pre-filters and after- filters of an instrument air compressor.
Ans: Pre-filter before drier is used to remove oil mist and liquid from compressed air and after-
filter is used to remove any suspended particles from the drier to supply high quality clean
air from instrument system.