by Rso TX - 14-08-2014: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 For Internal Use Only

ASON
• By RSO Tx
• 14-08-2014
1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

For Internal use only
1. NG SDH ASON Overview
* Generation of the NG SDH ASON
* Basic Concepts of the NG SDH ASON
2. Overview of the NG SDH ASON Protocols and Software
3. Features of the NG SDH ASON Network
4. Application of the NG SDH ASON

ASON
What is ASON？
•Automatically Switched Optical Network:
High reliability next generation optical transmission network with

automatic topology & resource discovery, end to end service
management and multiple SLA provision functions.

Generation of the NG SDH ASON
Problems to be solved in  Mesh networking mode is used. The link

traditional networks bandwidth resources are discovered
automatically.
Generation of the NG NDH ASON
 The traditional network cannot provide bandwidth
in time and thus unable to meet the dynamic and  Services are created automatically.
burst requirements of data services.
 The service configuration is complicated. The
Services are configured end to end.
capacity expansion or provisioning of a new service  Bandwidth is allocated dynamically.
requires a long time.
 In the SDH ring network, the bandwidth utilization  The network load is balanced and
and efficiency are low. In the ring network, half of the
Solution optimized automatically.
bandwidth have to be reserved.
 In the traditional ring network, the inter-ring  Services are classified into levels. Different
service must be forwarded by the node that belongs levels of services are provided with different
to the two rings. In this manner, the transmission
efficiency is low and the node that belongs to the protection schemes and resources.
two rings becomes the bottleneck of service  The services in the mesh network are
grooming.
 The available protection scheme is insufficient and restored automatically.
thus the self-healing capability of the network is
poor.
 Carriers require lower operation and maintenance
cost and more service levels.
Challenges Facing Traditional ON
NMS
NMS DCN NMS
MADM
• Network expansibility
• End to end service configuration and protection
• Real-time management function is poor
• The scalability of SDH network is poor.
Demand of Service
Data
Data Voice
Voice
• Broadband data service and leased line service are increasing rapidly and
the capacity of network is getting larger.

Why We Need ASON
 Bursting dataservice
 Expansibility of network
 Reduction of operation cost
 Rapid service supply
ASON
 Real-time
network  Flexible service
management grooming

Technology Development of ASON
GMPLS &GMPLS Works

• Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching：
- The GMPLS was brought forward by IETF at 2000.
- Compared with MPLS, GMPLS has been improved further:
• Generalization of label mapping
• Bidirectional transportation
• Enhanced signaling ability
• Integrated routing ability
GMPLS is conceptually similar to MPLS, but instead of using an explicit label to distinguish an
LSP at each LSR, some physical property of the received data stream is used to deduce which
LSP it belongs to. The most commonly used schemes are
•using the timeslot to identify the LSP, on a Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) link
•using the wavelength to identify the LSP, on a Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) link
8 •using the ©fiber or port
Nokia Solutions on which
and Networks 2014 a packet is received.
ASON Logical Structure
GMPLS
OCC OCC
Control Plane NMI
OSPF OCC OCC
OCC CCI Management

Plane
Switch Switch NMI

Transport Plane Switch
CSPF Switch
Switch
OCC: Optical Connect Control OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
Switch: Switching Equipment CSPF: Constrained Shortest Path First
CCI: Connect Control Interface NMI : Network Management Interface

ASON Domain and ASON NE
• ASON Domain
- An ASON domain consists of multiple ASON NEs and traffic engineering (TE) links. One ASON NE can
belong to only one ASON domain.
• ASON NE
- ASON NEs are the topology components of an ASON network. Compared with traditional NEs, ASON
NEs support the link management, signaling, and routing functions.
• Node ID
- Node ID is the unique identification of an ASON NE on the control plane. NE ID usually uses a private IP
address and is unique on the entire network. It is independent of the IP address. NEID and IP address
are usually in different network segments.

Three Planes
• Control Plane
- The control plane, responsible for the call control and connection control, consists
of a group of communication entities. The control plane uses signaling to set up,
release, monitor and maintain connections, and to recover connections in the case
of a fault.
• Transport Plane
- The transport plane is actually a traditional SDH network. It transmits and
multiplexes optical signals, configures cross-connections and protection switching,
and guarantees the reliability of all optical signals.
• Management Plane
- The management plane provides maintenance for the transport and control
planes and the entire system. It is supplementary to the control plane. It provides
functions, such as performance management, fault management, configuration
management, and security management.

Architecture of ASON NE
NMS
Signaling Protocol Routing Protocol

(RSVP-TE) (OSPF-TE)
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
Communication and control

unit of NE
Control Link
Control Link
Management Link
Management Link Line Cross-Connect Unit Line
Interface Interface Transport Link
Transport Link
Relation Between the ASON-Related Protocols
Routing protocols Signaling protocol
(OSPF, CSPF) (RSVP-TE)
Diffusion, collection, Automatic creation,
Service trail
and computation of Computation request deletion, and maintenance
route resources of fiber connections
Error locating
Service trail Control link
information
information information
Link Management Protocol (LMP)

Neighbor discovery,
error locating,
link resource management
Three Types of Links
Control Link: Control links are detected and maintained by the open shortest path first (OSPF)
protocol. Every ASON NE floods its control links on the entire network. Then, all ASON NEs obtain
the control links of the network. In other words, all ASON NEs obtain the control plane topology
of the network.
Data Link (Member Link) : There are three types of data links: working, protection, and
unprotected. Data links are not displayed on the U2000. They are displayed on the U2000 as
member links.
TE Link: The ASON NE sends its bandwidth information to other ASON NEs through the TE link, to
provide data for route computation.
Difference between data links and TE links:

Data links correspond to fibers. They are used to transmit data. The TE link is a logical concept. Data links are the
basis of TE links. The TE link is the abstract of the data link .

ASON Protocols
GMPLS (Routing, Signaling, Link Management)
• OSPF -Open Shortest Path First (routing):

Flood and gather topology for calculating service path
• RSVP-TE -Resource Reserved Protocol----Traffic Engineering (signaling):
Establish and then maintain the service path
• LMP -Link Management Protocol (link management):
Discover the neighbors and links

Introduction to the OSPF-TE Protocol – Main Functions
 Spreads out and collects the control link information of the control plane
and produces the routing information accordingly to provide routes for
the forwarding of the signaling packets of the control plane.
 Spreads out and collects service link information on the service plane and
provides the network service topology information for the computation
of service trails.

Introduction to the OSPF-TE Protocol – Process
NodeID4
NodeID1 NodeID6
NodeID5
NodeID2
NodeID3
Hello message (containing the Node ID of the local node)
LSA message

Introduction to the LMP Protocol – Main Functions
 The LMP protocol operates between two adjacent nodes.

 The LMP protocol manages the fiber connections between the adjacent
nodes.
 The LMP protocol realizes the automatic discovery and management of link
resources as follows:
 Discovery and management of control channels
 Data link connectivity verification
 Consistency verification of the attributes of TE links

The LMP protocol describes the discovery and management of control channels
Node A Node B
Config
Config
Config
ConfigAck/ConfigNack
 A control channel transmits information through in-band (for example, through bytes D4-D12) mode or through
out-band (for example, through Ethernet) mode.
 The discovery and management functions of control channels are implemented by exchanging the Config
messages and executing the keep-alive mechanism (by the Hello protocol).
Connectivity check of a data link between adjacent nodes can be conducted only after an
available control channel is set up.
The LMP protocol describes the connectivity check of data links
 Check preparation:
 After transmitting the BeginVerify message, node A
successfully receives the BeginVerifyAck message.
 Check process: Begin Verify
 Node A periodically transmits the Test message over Begin VerifyAck
the data link till it receives the teststatussuccess or
teststatufailure message over the control channel. Test
 Check end: TestStatusSuccess
 After transmitting the Endverify message, node A
waits for the EndVerifyAck message, and has TestStatusAck
received it. Alternatively, node A times out to receive ... Check each
the EndVerifyACK message. In this case, the check
process ends. End Verify data link.
End VerifyAck
Node A Node B
After successfully checking the connectivity of data links, you can check the
consistency of TE link attributes.
The LMP protocol describes the consistency check of TE link attributes
Node A Node B
LinkSummary
LinkSummary
LinkSummary
LinkSummary/Ack/Nack
 The consistency check function is used to check whether the interface mapping relation dynamically discovered or
manually configured is consistent between two nodes.
 If the interface mapping relation is consistent, the TE link changes to the UP status. In this case, the ASON routing
module is informed that the TE link can be used to create an ASON service.
As the source of the TE LSA at the service plane on the routing module,
a TE link is the prerequisite of creating the topology at the service plane.
Introduction to the RSVP-TE Protocol – Main Functions
 RSVP-TE is an extension of the RSVP in traffic engineering.

 The signaling process involves the operations of creating an LSP, and modifying or deleting
the attributes of an LSP. The detailed operations are as follows:
 Creating an LSP
 Deleting an LSP
 Modifying the attributes of an LSP
 LSP rerouting
 LSP trail optimization
LSP: LSP is the trail that the ASON service traverses. On an ASON network, the
creation of an ASON service is actually the creation of an LSP.

Introduction to the RSVP-TE Protocol – Process I
A B C
PATH message
PATH message
Process of ACK message
ACK message
setting up an LSP
RESV message
RESV message Creation of an LSP
ACK message
ACK message
PATH message
ACK message PATH message
ACK message Enabling alarm monitoring

RESV message RESV message
ACK message
ACK message

Introduction to the RSVP-TE Protocol – Process II
A B C
PATH message
Process of
PATH message Disabling alarm monitoring
deleting an LSP ACK message
ACK message
PATH ERR PATH ERR

message message
Deleting the connection
ACK message
ACK message

ASON Software
• The ASON software is located in the NE software. The following figure shows the position of the
ASON software in the product software. The ASON software is independent of the board software,
NE software, and NMS software. The ASON software and NE software are stored and operate on the
SCC board. The board software and NMS software are stored and operate on boards and NMS
computer respectively to provide the related functions. The software of the OptiX OSN ASON
product series adopts the following structure. If the OptiX OSN ASON product series are not
enabled with the ASON features, the ASON features can be available on these products after new NE
software is loaded.
NMS
NE software ASON software
Board software/OSP platform


SLA: Service Level Agreement
• Diamond Level
• Gold Level
• Silver Level
• Copper Level
• Iron Level

Five Types of SLA Services
• The ASON can provide services of different SLAs based on the requirements of the customers. SLA stands for
Service Level Agreement. It divides the services into multiple levels in view of service protection.
Diamond Level Golden Level Silver Level Copper Level Iron Level
Service level
Protection/restoration Protection and Protection and Restoration Restoration No-protection, no- Can be contended
policy Restoration restoration
Technology SNCP MSP Rerouting － MSP
The path is computed in After the route is

Technical Permanent protection is The event is protection in real time. The protection contended, the service is
presentation provided if the network most cases, but is path does not need to be － interrupted. After the route
bandwidth is available. restoration sometimes. set in advance. is released, the service is
restored.
Service protection
Service protection switching time: < 50 ms. Service restoration time:
Performance index switching time: < 50 ms Service restoration time: < < 2s －－
2s
Bandwidth usage Low Middle High Very high Very high

Charging rate Very high High Middle Low
Banking, security, and Ordinary customers, IP

Applicable service dedicated lines of key PSTN and GSM voice data service private line, Temporary service Temporary service
government departments. services Internet access service requirements requirements
at cells.

Protection and Restoration
• Protection: Protection switch. Redundancy resource is reserved

to protect the working traffic in very short time when working
channels is failed;
• Restoration: Real time reroute. Routing protocol will recalculate
the service path, then signaling protocol re-build the new LSP to
restore service.

Diamond Services
ASON NE
Services are interrupted but
not rerouted. Diamond Client equipment
services are not equal to static
services. Although they are
similar in protection functions,
static services do not have the
ASON attributes of diamond
services, such as optimization
and pre-computation.
not rerouted. Diamond
Diamondare
services services: 1+1 services
not equal to static
Two LSPs are set up between
services. Although they are the source and sink nodes. The working and protection LSPs are separate as much as
similar in The
possible. protection
diamondfunctions,
services feature dual fed and selective receiving.
static services do not have the
Permanent 1+1 diamond service: Rerouting is triggered when any one LSP fails.
ASON attributes of diamond
Reroutingsuch
services, 1+1 diamond service: Rerouting is triggered when the two LSPs fail.
as optimization
Non-rerouting
and diamond service: Rerouting is not triggered no matter which LSP fails.
pre-computation.
Gold Level Service
T2000 NMS
Less
than VR 1 VR 2
50ms
ASON NE
Client
• The first failure inside one VR results in automatic protection within 50 ms

• The next failures inside the same VR result in rerouting within several hundred milliseconds
• Gold Service can use unprotected links when there is no available M:N resources.
Silver Services
ASON NE
Client equipment
A silver service is also called a rerouting service. If the LSP of a silver service fails, rerouting is
initiated periodically until the service is successfully rerouted. If there are not sufficient
resources, the service may be interrupted.

Copper Services
ASON NE
Client equipment
Services are
interrupted.
A copper service is also referred to as a unprotected service. If the LSP of a copper service fails,
rerouting is not triggered and the service is interrupted.
A copper service is not equal to a static service. The copper service supports the association with the
silver service and the functions that are not supported by the static service, such as route pre-
computation and service trail optimization.

Service Tunnel
T2000 NMS
Merge VC12
ASON NE
VC4 Tunnel VC12 Service
• Carry VC12 service over VC4 Tunnel Client
• Reroute VC4 Tunnel and hence VC12 is restored
Service Association
1+1 protection
ASON NE Non-ASON NE
 The associated service is applicable to the scenario where the same service is accessed to the ASON
network through two access points.
 When one LSP is rerouted or optimized, another LSP or the associated LSP is not used for rerouting or
optimization. The service association function can associate two services. This function is used to access
a service that enters a network through two access points (that is, a dual-homed service).

Service Path Optimizing
T2000 NMS
Optimize the
Path
ASON NE
Client
• Optimizing the service path is very useful when you adjust or extend networks.

SRLG
• SRLG stands for shared risk link group.

- Fibers in the same optical cable share the same risk. That is, when an optical cable is cut, all fibers in this optical
cable are cut.
- An ASON service should not be rerouted to another link that shares the same risk with the original link. Hence,
set links of the same risk to an SRLG properly to make sure that the two LSPs of a diamond service are not in the
same optical cable or that the new LSP after rerouting does not travel through the link that shares the same risk
with the faulty link. Service association and SRLG: The two LSPs
involved in the service association must be
If three fibers are
two associated LSPs, which work for one
in the same optical service. An SRLG does not focus on whether
cable, set the the LSPs are associated but whether the
SRLG. physical fibers are in the same optical cable.
The links in the same optical cable need to be
set with the same SRLG value. After service
The rerouted
route and Rerouting association and SRLG are configured, the
the original represented results may be similar but they
route have are configured to meet different
the same requirements.
SRLG.


Applications
F A
5
3
4
6
G D B
1
7
E C
• Highly useful in mesh networks.
• Multi-path availability in case of critical customers/service.
Comparison Between SDH ASON and WDM ASON
Feature Product NG SDH NG WDM
Control channel Bytes D4-D12 in band or out-of-band Bytes D4-D12 in the OSC (transmitted independently by the SC1/SC2), ESC (overheads of the
DCN (Ethernet) OTU), or out-of-band DCN (Ethernet)
Ends of a TE link Service board ports FIU ports (optical layer), cross-connection chip at each level (electrical layer)
Automatic discovery Automatic discovery of fiber links The logical fiber connections inside a station must be created manually to ensure that there is no
incorrect fiber connection. The logical fiber connections between stations can be automatically
discovered after the TE link is generated.
Service level VC4/concatenated services/tunnel Wavelength services, services at the ODUk or Client level; no concept of tunnel services
services
Protection type SNCP, linear MSP, MSP ring Intra-board 1+1 of the OTU (dual fed inside the OTU, dual fed through OTU+OLP), ODUk SNCP,
SW SNCP, ODUk Spring
Trail optimization and The impact on services is in In the case of the optical-layer ASON, the impact is in seconds; in the case of the electrical-layer
restoration milliseconds. ASON, the impact is in milliseconds.
Cross-connection There is no cross-connection limits. The main problem lies in optical cross-connection blocking, which can be solved by using the
capacity wavelength tunable rerouting. Usually, the electrical-layer cross-connection capacity is sufficient.
The cross-connection with large granularity can be realized by using the electrical-layer inverse
multiplexing.
Application limits NA In the case of the optical layer, the optical limits, such as optical power and dispersion
compensation, should be considered. In the case of the electrical layer, only one level of ASON
services can be groomed.
Channel Alarm Detection
An alarm is detected. A channel alarm occurs
An alarm is detected.
reversely.
No alarm is detected.
PATH message PATH message
PATHERR message
PATHERR message
The initial node detects a channel

alarm.
R2 supports that a channel alarm triggers rerouting. Exclude faulty path before rerouting.
• If a reverse channel detects the AU_AIS channel alarm, the alarm is detected by the initial node after it is sent to the initial
node. Then the initial node re-create LSP on previous path. The node sends a path message to the downstream node where
channel alarm is generated. The patherr message is returned to indicate that the path is not created successfully. Finally the
initiates node originates rerouting.
Maintainability – Alarm Strategy
All alarms
 TE link interruption  Control channel interruption

 TE link downgrade  Service interruption
 Inconsistent channel states at the two ends of a TE link  Service SLA downgrade
 NodeID conflict  Failure in the synchronization of associated
 OSPF control link interruption services
 OSPF neighbor authentication error

 Service not in the original trail
 LSP signaling abnormal
 OSPF neighbor interruption
 RSVP neighbor interruption
 NodeID error
 RSVP neighbor authentication error
 Abnormal ASON service cross-connections

Rerouting
• Trigger Conditions
- Section-layer alarms: R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, MS_RDI, B2_SD and B2_OVER
- Path alarm: AU_AIS
- MSP switching failure
Analysis needs to be conducted according to the services of different levels.
• Lock-related concepts
- Rerouting lock: Sometimes, the services do not need to be rerouted in the case of LSP failure.
In this case, you need to set the rerouting lock function. After the rerouting function is locked,
a service is not rerouted if the LSP fails.
• Rerouting Priority
- Options are: High, low.

SRLG
THANK YOU

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ASON

1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

•Automatically Switched Optical Network:

High reliability next generation optical transmission network with

3 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Problems to be solved in  Mesh networking mode is used. The link

NMS DCN NMS

6 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

7 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

GMPLS &GMPLS Works

OCC CCI Management

Switch Switch NMI

9 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

10 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

12 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Signaling Protocol Routing Protocol

Communication and control

Link Management Protocol (LMP)

Difference between data links and TE links:

15 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

GMPLS (Routing, Signaling, Link Management)

• OSPF -Open Shortest Path First (routing):

16 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

17 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Hello message (containing the Node ID of the local node)

18 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

 The LMP protocol operates between two adjacent nodes.

 Data link connectivity verification

 Consistency verification of the attributes of TE links

19 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

 RSVP-TE is an extension of the RSVP in traffic engineering.

23 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

ACK message PATH message

ACK message Enabling alarm monitoring

24 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

PATH ERR PATH ERR

25 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

NE software ASON software

Board software/OSP platform

26 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

27 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

28 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

The path is computed in After the route is

Bandwidth usage Low Middle High Very high Very high

Banking, security, and Ordinary customers, IP

29 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

• Protection: Protection switch. Redundancy resource is reserved

30 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

• The first failure inside one VR results in automatic protection within 50 ms

33 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

34 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

36 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

37 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

• SRLG stands for shared risk link group.

38 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

39 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

PATH message PATH message

The initial node detects a channel

 TE link interruption  Control channel interruption

 OSPF control link interruption services

 OSPF neighbor authentication error

43 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014