IP-20C MIMO Configurations: 4x4

Ceragon Training Services

CeraOS 10.5

Proprietary and Confidential 2018

Agenda
• Line-of-Sight (LOS) MIMO

• LoS MIMO Benefits

• LOS MIMO Theory of Operation

• Installation of 4x4 MIMO link

• Configuration MIMO 4x4

• MIMO 4x4 Automatic Recovery

Mechanism

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Line-of-Sight (LOS) MIMO
• Line of Sight MIMO (Multiple-Input & Multiple-Output) 4x4 – quadruples the radio throughput using the same
spectrum, at ½ the form factor
• Using antenna separation to achieve uncorrelated receiver streams
• At each site the original data is split into 4 bit streams
• For 4x4 MIMO, two antennas are used with two polarization (H and V) on each
• The receiver will distinguish between the streams due to a phase difference from the antenna separation.
• Transmitting and receiving utilizing the same frequency channel

Deterministic Enhanced by Multi-

and Reliable Core innovation
V

H
V
MIMO
H

Site 1 Site 2
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NLoS and LOS MIMO

• NLoS MIMO originated as a near-line-of-sight (NLoS) technology, exploiting signal multi-path caused by reflections
from various physical obstacles

• Uses multiple transmitters and receivers to increase spectral efficiency by spatially multiplexing multiple
bitstreams over the same frequency channel.

• In LoS MIMO we can do spatial multiplexing by creating an artificial phase de-correlation by deliberate antenna
distance at each site in deterministic constant distance.

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LoS MIMO Benefits
• Immunity to dispersive fading
• Similar to that achieved in space diversity

• Quadruple the capacity

• Compared to 1+0 SISO link

• System gain improvement

• Smaller Antennas
• Longer Links
• Spectrum decongestion

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QUADRUPLING the Capacity with Multi Core Tech

• 1 Gbps Radio Throughtput on a 30/28 MHz Channel

Ch1 V
Ch1 V

Ch2 H
Ch1 H
1+0 vs. 4X4 MIMO

QUAD. Same Same

The Link Antenna
Capacity Distance Size
Mbps Km ft

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Ceragon’s Line of Sight MIMO
• Using a single channel to quadruple the capacity

• 2 x Multi-Core units at each site

• Simple direct mount installation

4 x Capacity on the same Channel | 2Gbps radio throughput using a single 56MHz channel

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System Gain using MIMO
2+0 XPIC 4X4 MIMO

3dB f1
f1
Operating in MIMO
+
30/28MHz
28MHz
30/28MHz 11dB
1024 to 64QAM V
+
2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
452Mbps 4 x 133 = 532Mbps
1024QAM 64 QAM

16dB!
Additional System Gain
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Spectrum Decongestion using MIMO
1+0 SISO 2X2 MIMO

MIMO
MIMO
6 GHz 11 GHz
Congested spectrum Link Parameters Uncongested spectrum
20 miles
99.999% availability
30MHz channel
Additional Benefits Rain zone: K
256 QAM  32 QAM
• 2 X 6 ft. Antennas  4 X 3 ft. antennas – 3 ft.
• Lower tower weight load (up to 60% less weight)
6 ft.
• Lower tower wind load (up to 40% less wind load) 3 ft.
• Simpler and less expensive installation (need crane for 6ft. antenna)

• 200 Mbps  2 X 115 Mbps (15% more capacity) 15% more

200 Mbps

• Same spectral resources 115 Mbps 115 Mbps

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Site Optimization Using MIMO
2+0 XPIC vs. 4X4 MIMO

• No network re-planning in upgrade

• Utilizing the SAME channel!
• Future Proof – Doubling the Capacity with no Network Re-planning!

Double Double Same

Capacity Link Antenna
Mbps Distance Size
Km ft

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Quadrupling the Capacity

• XPN– Stretching the Network Capabilities

Quad QAUD. Same Same

Spectral The Link Antenna
Efficiency Capacity Distance Size
Bit/Hz Mbps Km ft

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MIMO Theory of Operation

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MIMO Basics
Range-R[m]

Phase shift = 0°
RX1 = A+iB
A

𝑅𝑥1 − 𝑖 ∙ 𝑅𝑥2 = 2𝐴
Separation d[m]

𝑅𝑥2 − 𝑖 ∙ 𝑅𝑥1 = 2𝐵

Phase shift = 0°
B RX2 = B+iA

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MIMO – Theory of Operation

• The same signal will arrive at a different phase

in different antennas
• We control the phase by varying path lengths (𝒅𝒊𝒋 )
• Path lengths are configurable by controlling antenna
separation (𝒉𝟏 , 𝒉𝟐 )
• The following equation formulates the antenna
separation distance required for optimal LoS MIMO
operation
h1 , h2 : Antennas’ Separation [m]
𝐷∙𝑐 D: Link Distance [m]
ℎ1 ∙ ℎ2 = c: Speed of Light 3 × 108
m

2𝑓 f: Link Frequency [Hz]

sec

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 MIMO – Theory of Operation

DSP A+B

𝑑11
𝑫∙𝒄
𝒉𝟏 ∙ 𝒉𝟐 =
𝟐𝒇
𝑑21 h2
h1 , h2 : Antennas’ Separation [m]
D: Link Distance [m]
m
c: Speed of Light 3 × 108
Signal A
𝑑12 sec
f: Link Frequency [Hz]
h1 DSP A-B

𝑑22
Signal B

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Description is for signal traversing from left to right. Link works in the same way from right to left. 15
LoS MIMO – Theory of Operation
Special case: 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝟐 ≝ 𝒉𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍

𝑫∙𝒄
𝒉𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍 =
𝟐𝒇

• Sub-Optimal (𝒉 ≠ 𝒉𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍 ) antenna separation

on one side can be offset by proper antenna
separation on opposite side
• A continuum of optimal installation scenarios

𝑫∙𝒄
𝒉𝟏 ∙ 𝒉𝟐 =
𝟐𝒇
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LoS MIMO – Theory of Operation
Capacity vs. antenna separation Optimal antenna separation

Optimal Antenna Separation [m]

Link distance [km]

𝐷∙𝐶
Achieving 70% of max capacity at half the ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑡 2 = ℎ1 ∙ ℎ2 =
optimal antenna separation (on both ends!) 2∙𝑓
D – Distance [m]
C – Speed of Light [m/sec]
F – Frequency [Hz]

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LoS MIMO 4x4 technology
• LoS 4X4 MIMO - quadrupling capacity using the same channel bandwidth
• 1Gbps radio throughput over a single 28MHz / 30MHz channel

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MIMO Benefits
Lowest Cost of Ownership
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth OR to improve system gain  Longer links
• Typical solution results in 20-25% cost reduction

Test Case: 18GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO

MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 452 Mbps

28MHz
1024QAM 9.3 Km 16 dB improvement
in System Gain

4x4 MIMO 532 Mbps (432Mbps)

28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM) 14.7 Km (16.2km)
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MIMO Benefits
Lowest Cost of Ownership
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth OR to improve system gain  Longer links
• Typical solution results in 20-25% cost reduction

Test Case: 15GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO

MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 452 Mbps

28MHz 16 dB improvement
1024QAM 10 Km in System Gain

4x4 MIMO 532 Mbps (432Mbps)

28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM) 17 Km (19km)
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4x4 MIMO link installation and configuration

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MIMO installation
Horizontal Vertical
Separation Separation

Must be
consistent

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Preparation for MIMO 4x4
• 4x4 MIMO: 2 Y-splitter cables and a special signaling cable must be used to connect the management ports
(MGT/PROT) of the two IP-20C for management.
• MIMO/Protection cables  pre-assembled from Ceragon, or see the pinout below. Crimped and prepared
as any other Ethernet cable, apart from pinout. Each Y splitter has 3 ports:
• “Sys” – to IP-20C’s MNG port.
• “Mng” – CAT5E cable between PC and the splitter’s management port
• “MIMO/Prot” – MIMO/Protection signaling cross cable, connected between this port and the other “MIMO/Prot” port of the second
splitter on the mate IP-20C unit.
RJ-45 connector RJ-45 connector
(male) (male)
Port1: TX+ 1 W/G G/W 1 Port1: TX+
Port1: TX- 2 G
4 7 G 2 Port1: TX-
Port1: RX+ 3 W/O 5 8 O/W 3 Port1: RX+
Port2: TX+ 4 Bl Bl 4 Port2: TX+

Port2: TX- 5 W/Bl Bl/W 5 Port2: TX-

Port1: RX- 6 O O 6 Port1: RX-
Port2: RX+ 7 W/Br Br/W 7 Port2: RX+
Port2: RX- 8 Br CAT5E cable Br 8 Port2: RX-

Color Abbreviations
W – White
G – Green
O – Orange
Bl – Blue
Br - Brown

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4x4 MIMO Configuration with External Management

• 4x4 MIMO configuration in which both IP-20C units are connected to an

external management station and to each other, using two splitters.

Marketing P/N Description

DATA_SHRNG_KIT_5m
DATA_SHRNG_KIT_10m
DATA_SHRNG_KIT_20m
DATA_SHRNG_KIT_30m
SOURCE_SHARING_5M
SOURCE_SHARING_10M
SOURCE_SHARING_20M
SOURCE_SHARING_30M
IP-20_MIMO_Prot_ mng_cbl_5m
IP-20_MIMO_Prot_ mng_cbl_10m
IP-20_MIMO_Prot_ mng_cbl_20m
IP-20_MIMO_Prot_ mng_cbl_30m
IP-20_MIMO_Prot_ mng_spltr
CABLE,SFP,4x4MIMO_DATA_SHARING_KIT_5M
CABLE,SFP,4x4MIMO_DATA_SHARING_KIT_10M
CABLE,SFP,4x4MIMO_DATA_SHARING_KIT_20M
CABLE,SFP,4x4MIMO_DATA_SHARING_KIT_30M
Source_Sharing_5m
Source_Sharing_10m
Source_Sharing_20m
Source_Sharing_30m
IP-20C MIMO or Prot management cable 5m
IP-20C MIMO or Prot management cable 10m
IP-20C MIMO or Prot management cable 20m
IP-20C MIMO or Prot management cable 30m
IP-20C MIMO or Prot management odu spltr

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 4x4 MIMO Direct Mount
Required Tools
Item Description Quantity Remarks
1 IP-20C RADIO 2
• Metric offset hexagon key set
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 2 • Metric wrench key set
MIMO 4x4
3 MIMO DATA CABLE 1
4 SOURCE SHARING CABLE 1
5
CAT5E MIMO SIGNALING CABLE 1 Ch1 V
Ch1 V
6 CIRC./CIRC. ADAPTOR 1 Per Antenna Vendor
Ch2 H
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks Insertion Loss [dB] Ch1 H
13- 23- 28-
6-8 11 18
15 26 42
GHz GHz GHz
GHz GHz GHz
Each IP-20C antenna port
OMT for each IP-20C to Mediation device 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
antenna port

1) This procedure can also be used for Multi core 2+0 SP

hardware ready for 2 x Multi core 2+0 SP configurations.

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MIMO 4x4 Configuration
EXT REF

Eth1
Carrier 1

GbE Port
Source Eth3/
Carrier 2
OMT
EXT
Sharing Cable
MIMO
MGT/
Group ASP – Remote
PROT
Fault Trigger
MIMO Sharing Enabled
External Cable
Master IP-20
LAG
Switch
ASP – Remote
Eth1 Fault Trigger
Enabled
Carrier 1
Eth3/
GbE Port EXT
Carrier 2
OMT
MIMO Signaling
Cable MGT/ MIMO
PROT
Group

EXT REF

Slave IP-20

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4x4 LoS MIMO configuration

Management Sharing
Source Sharing

Data Sharing
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Ports used for 4x4 MIMO connections on site

Source Sharing
Coax Cable

Ch. 2

Ch. 1
Data Sharing
Fiber Prot MNG
Cross

Ch. 2 Ch. 1

MNG access

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Link Commissioning - without MIMO active

• Commission link and antenna alignment for the planned frequency first when Master is transmitting only, than

when Slave is transmitting only for Single polarization. Antenna separation based on calculation for MIMO link.

Master Master
f1

hoptimal hoptimal
Slave Slave

f1

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 IP20C 4x4 MIMO with Optical Splitter
MIMO 4x4 1Gbps

Ch1
Ch1 VV OMT
Ch2
Ch1 HH

VID 20
DO NOT shorten the source sharing cable on field

Data sharing Eth#3 SFP opt

Traffic VID 10, 20 Eth#1

Data sharing fiber

OMT

MNG Protection via Protection splitter

cable
Local Management – Straight Eth

VID 10
Traffic Optical
Splitter VID 10, 20
Local MNG
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 IP20C 4x4 MIMO with IP-20C LAG
MIMO 4x4 1Gbps
MNG Protection via Protection
splitter Y cable
Ch1
Ch1 VV
OMT
Ch2
Ch1 HH

Source sharing coax cable with TNC connector

Data sharing Eth#3 SFP opt Ch. 1

Ch. 2

OMT

Traffic

Ch. 2
Traffic
Ch. 1
MNG access
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Cabling for 4x4 MIMO with external LAG

Source Sharing
Coax Cable

External LAG

Data Sharing Ch. 2

Fiber
Ch. 1
MNG

Ch. 2 Ch. 1

Prot MNG
Cross
MNG access

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MIMO 4x4 Configuration

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Configuration steps
4. In the Member Role field, select MIMO Master if the unit is the Master unit, or MIMO Slave
1. Verify correct cabling between the Master and Slave units if the unit is the Slave unit. Click Next. The AMCC Group – Select MRMC Parameters page
on each side of the link. opens.
1. Source sharing cable between both EXT REF IP-20 radio connectors. 5. Select Set MRMC Script, and configure the Script ID, Operational mode, Maximum profile,
2. MIMO data sharing cable between both IP-20 ETH3/EXT ports. and Minimum profile. Make sure the script you select supports MIMO.
3. MIMO signaling cable between both IP-20 MGT/PROT ports. 6. Click Finish. The AMCC Group – Selection Summary page opens.
7. Note that the second radio carrier is automatically added to the group, with the same
2. Configure the IP-20 carriers as XPIC links, with the carriers Member Role and MRMC script as you defined for the first radio carrier you added to the
group.
as XPIC groups. Perform antenna alignment for XPIC. 8. Click Submit to configure the group. If you changed the MRMC script from the script that
had previously been configured, or if you set the Group Admin Status to Enable, the unit is
3. Configure 4x4 MIMO groups on each IP-20 unit, in the reset.
9. Verify that the MMI levels are appropriate.
following order: 10. Configure LAG on the two Ethernet ports of the external switches connected to the IP-20
1. Upper unit (Master) on the local side of the link. units on both sides of the link.
2. Upper unit (Master) on the remote side of the link. 11. Configure Automatic State Propagation with ASP trigger by remote fault enabled on the
3. Lower unit (Slave) on the local side of the link. MIMO group in all four IP-20 units that make up the link. See Configuring Automatic State
4. Lower unit (Slave) on the remote side of the link. Propagation and Link Loss Forwarding.

4. To configure a 4x4 MIMO group: Note: The last two steps are crucial to ensure that the link
1. Select Radio > Groups> AMCC. Click Create Group. The AMCC Group – Select Group
Parameters page opens. continues to function via the MIMO resiliency mechanism in
2. In the Group Type field, select MIMO 4X4, In the Group Admin Status field, select Enable. the event of a hardware failure scenario.
Click Next. The AMCC Group – Select Members Parameters page opens.
3. In the Member #1 field, select one of the radio carriers.

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4x4 MIMO group

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4x4 MIMO group

Verify that the

MMI values
are correct

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Checklist – MIMO 4x4
 Common frequency channel for both carriers
 XPIC group disabled
 Multi Carrier ABC enabled
 ATPC disabled

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Final confirmation
• Check Active Alarms for NO alarms regarding to MIMO configuration
• If alarms are found, start troubleshooting from probable causes.

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Configuring a MIMO 4x4 group from CLI
• Follow the same installation steps as for the GUI configuration.
• To create the group:
• root> amcc create group group_id <1-4> group_type mimo_4x4 group_sub_type external

• To go into the group:

• root> amcc group group_id <1-4> group_type mimo_4x4
mimo-4X4-group[x]:

• Add the 2 carriers to the group:

mimo-4X4-group[x]> amcc attach slot 2 port 1 role <mimo-master|mimo-slave>
mimo-4X4-group[x]> amcc attach slot 2 port 2 role <mimo-master|mimo-slave>

• Enable the group:

mimo-4X4-group[x]> set admin enable

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Configuring a MIMO 4x4 group from CLI
• To display details about the group: root>
• The following commands configure a Master group on Unit 1 and a Slave group on Unit 2:
Unit 1
root> amcc create group group_id 1 group_type
mimo_4x4 group_sub_type external
group_id 1, group_type mimo-4x4 created
root> amcc group group_id 1 group_type mimo_4x4
mimo-4X4-group[1]> amcc attach slot 2 port 1
role mimo master
mimo-4X4-group[1]> amcc attach slot 2 port 2
role mimo master
mimo-4X4-group[1]> set admin enable
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amcc show group_id <1-4> group_type mimo_4x4
Unit 2
root> amcc create group group_id 1 group_type
mimo_4x4 group_sub_type external
group_id 1, group_type mimo-4x4 created
root> amcc group group_id 1 group_type mimo_4x4
mimo-4X4-group[1]> amcc attach slot 2 port 1 role
mimo-slave
mimo-4X4-group[1]> amcc attach slot 2 port 2 role
mimo-slave
mimo-4X4-group[1]> set admin enable
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MIMO 4x4 Recovery Mechanism
• In the past, a failed MIMO 4x4 Config would revert to 2+0 XPIC an require operator to reset the MIMO
mechanism.
• From CeraOS 10.5 the system automatically reverts to full 4x4 MIMO operation, with no user intervention
required, after a few minutes, if no hardware needs to be changed.
• The following alarms have been added in connection with the 4x4 MIMO automatic
recovery mechanism:
• 31105 – MIMO insufficient condition – configuration is not supported OMT
• 31106 – MIMO insufficient condition – Master unit failure.
• 31107 – MIMO insufficient condition – Slave unit failure.
• 31108 – MIMO insufficient condition – Data sharing cable failure.
• 31109 – MIMO insufficient condition – Mate communication cable failure.
• 31110 – MIMO insufficient condition – Source sharing cable failure.
• 31111 – MIMO insufficient condition - Master/Slave configuration mismatch
• 31112 – MIMO insufficient condition – Remote failure OMT

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MIMO Mate Management Access
• For MIMO configurations using In-Band Management and an external switch operating in LAG mode, you must enable
MIMO Mate Management Access in order to manage both units via in-band management.

• When MIMO Mate Management Access is enabled, the two units exchange incoming management packets, ensuring that
all management data is received by both units.

Mate management can ONLY be configured from CLI

• To enable MIMO Mate Management Access, enter the following command:

root> radio mimo mate mng access set admin enable

• To disable MIMO Mate Management Access, enter the following command:

root> radio mimo mate mng access set admin disable

• To display whether MIMO Mate Management Access is enabled, enter the following command:
root> radio mimo mate mng access show

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MIMO 4x4 Software Upgrade
• For MIMO 4x4 CeraOS 10.5 is not interoperable with earlier CeraOS versions.
• Upgrading to CeraOS 10.5 an existing 4x4 MIMO link, you must perform either of the following
procedures to properly upgrade the link. Option 1 is the preferred option.
• Option 1 Option 2

1. Upgrade the remote Slave unit.
2. Upgrade the remote Master unit.
3. Upgrade the local Slave unit.
4. Upgrade the local Master unit.
1. Upgrade the remote Master unit.
2. Upgrade the local Slave unit.
3. Upgrade the local Master unit.
4. Wait for the link to be restored between the Master units.
5. Mute both radio carriers on the remote Slave unit.
6. Upgrade the remote Slave unit.
7. Unmute both radio carriers on the remote Slave unit.

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What was discussed
 Line-of-Sight (LOS) MIMO

 LoS MIMO Benefits

 LOS MIMO Theory of Operation

 Installation of 4x4 MIMO link

 Configuration MIMO 4x4

 MIMO 4x4 Automatic Recovery

Mechanism

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 Thank You

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