Microwave Transmission

Technology – Overview

1108
LZU 1088614 R1A

At the end of this course the students should be able to:

› Understand Microwave Transmission

› Realize possibilities of Microwave Transmission
› List Applications
› Have an understanding of what is transported
› Understand the importance of network design and
management
› What is Microwave Transmission
› Range and Capacities
› Applications
– Why deploy Microwave
– Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow
– Definitions
› Network design and availability
› Network management

What is
Microwave Transmission?
 Anywhere, Anytime

› Highly flexible alternative to cable

connections
› Better availability compare to cable
› All types of traffic
› All types of applications
› Range of frequencies
– Chosen to give optimum performance

› “Low” frequencies – long distances

– Longer wavelength
– Rural areas

› “High” frequencies – shorter distances

– Shorter wavelength
– Urban areas

Range and capacities

› Maximum hop length from some km up to approx. 150km
› Frequency bands from 4GHz to 80GHz
– Transmit at one Frequency, TX, and receive at another, RX
– Between TX and RX is the duplex frequency, set by a international standard institute

18500 MHz 19500 MHz

Frequency

TX Duplex RX
1000 MHz

› By international regulations frequency bands are divided into a lower band and
an upper band
› Each band is divided into channels with different frequency bandwidth,
channel width
› The frequency bandwidth is necessary to carry the information

Duplex spacing

Channel Channel
width spacing

Frequency 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Lower band Upper band

Frequency band
› PDH, circuit network
› SDH/SONET, circuit network Capacity
› Ethernet/ATM, packet switched
Ethernet/ATM

SDH/SONET

PDH

Range

› Over one antenna:

– PDH, Hundreds of E1 or DS1 Capacity
– SDH/SONET, Multiple STM-1 or OC-3
– Gigabit Ethernet capacity
Ethernet

SDH/SONET

PDH

Range
 Yesterday Today Tomorrow

Packet Network
Capacity

Hybrid Network
TDM Network
Native Ethernet
Native Ethernet

Native TDM Native TDM

CE of TDM

Time

applications
› Short time to market
› Quick roll-out
› Easy to expand, modular
› Low investment – invest as you grow
› Low operational costs – install and forget
› Application independent
› Software controlled functionality

› Started 1930´s
– Telephony and Television
– Analogue signals

› At Ericsson since 1970´s

– 1980´s into cellular networks
1950
2000
› Since 1990´s
– Digital mobile networks
– TDM
› All over the World

› Mobile backhaul
– Voice and data
– TDM based, packet based or hybrid
› Broadband
› TV-broadcasting
› Enterprise
› Government communications
› National security

Over 60% of the Radio Base Stations around

the World are connected via Microwave

› Mobile Backhaul
– Supporting 2G, 3G and 4G/LTE
– High capacity Fiber ring closure
– TDM only transport
2G/3G
– Hybrid transport Switching systems
Management systems
– All packet transport
4G
Micro
wave

2/3/4G
Micro
2G wave

Micro
wave
Opto

2G/3G
Micro
Micro Micro wave
wave Opto
wave
Opto

Opto

Micro
wave
4G
 › New Microwave Radio technologies
– MIMO – Multiple-input and multiple-output
– Higher capacities
– New bands
› All IP
– Packet switched networks
› Increased power efficiency
› Decreased footprint

Microwave transmission continues to

grow in existing and new markets

All outdoor All indoor Split mounting

Radio and Antenna and

Antenna and Radio Sub Rack Antenna Sub Rack Radio

DC Traffic DC Traffic DC Traffic

Management traffic is not shown in the picture

› Unprotected
› Protected Unprotected

Protected

Planning and availability

› A microwave transmission network consist of four different subnetworks
– Radio network
– Traffic network
– Management network
– Synchronization network

› Every site has to be planned carefully

› Line of sight is needed
› Parameters that define the hop length
– Frequency
– Antenna size
– Ground surface
– Rain intensity
– Atmospheric conditions
› Frequency licenses from national administrations
› Plan according to internationally accepted standards
› Proper planning fulfills a good quality & availability in the network
› Microwave links are designed to fulfill a very high availability, it is only a
planning issue to realize this

Network management
› With efficient Network Management
– High quality services by minimizing network downtime
– Low maintenance costs

› Features of an Element Manager

– Manage all the NEs alarms
– Retrieve data from all Network Elements (NEs)
– Apply commands to all NEs
– Download new software to all NEs

Different types
of NEs

Detect, Investigate, Repair!

Ignite
your
curiosity