www.lawcommissin.gov.

np

d'n'sL b]jfgL sfo{ljlw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$

k|df0fLs/0f ldlt
@)&$.^.#)
;+jt\ @)&$ ;fnsf] P]g g+=#%
k|:tfjgf M b]jfgL d'2fsf] bfo/L, sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f tyf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGo
sfo{ljlw / To:tf d'2fdf ePsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg /
PsLs/0f u/L sfo{ljlw sfg"gnfO{ ;/nLs[t / ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] of] P]g
agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æd'n'sL b]jfgL sfo{ljlw
-;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$Æ /x]sf]5 .
-@_ of] P]g ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn ebf} ! ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–
-s_ æcbfntÆ eGgfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfnt
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} vf; lsl;dsf b]jfgL d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt cGo cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf
clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_ æsfg"gÆ eGGffn] tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"g ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æb/kL7Æ eGgfn] sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ug{ g;lsg] lnvtdf ;DalGwt
clws[tn] btf{ ug{ g;lsgfsf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ cfkm\gf] x:tfIf/
u/L ;f]xL lnvtsf]] kL7, cGo s'g} efu jf 5'§} sfuhdf u/]sf] cfb]z
;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æb]jfgL d'2fÆ eGgfn] sfg"g adf]lhd kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift
ul/P afx]ssf sfg"gL xs, bfloTj, x}l;ot, kb, kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw jf
;DklQ ;DaGwL d'2f ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] b]xfosf] ljifo / ;f];Fu
;DalGwt d'2f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 M–

1
 -!_ gftf sfod jf ;DaGw ljR5]b,
-@_ b:t'/, kfl/>lds, tna, eQf jf Hofnf,
-#_ c+z, ck'tfnL, bfg as;, ;+/Ifs, dfyj/, dft[s tyf k}lqs
clVtof/L, wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL,
-$_ s'g} s/f/, cw{s/f/ jf cg'lrt ;Dj[l4 cGtu{tsf] s'g} xs jf
bfaL,
-%_ b'is[lt, cw{b'is[lt jf q'l6k"0f{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL xs jf bfaL,
-^_ ;'ljwfef/,
-&_ Ifltk"lt{,
-*_ b]jfgL k|s[ltsf] cGo s'g} ljifo .
-ª_ æGofofwLzÆ eGgfn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ cbfntsf]
clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] b]jfgL d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /
lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-r_ æk'g/fj]bgkqÆ eGgfn] tNnf] cbfntsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'emL ;f] lg0f{o
;Rofpgsf] nflu cfkm\gf] lhsL/ ;lxt dflyNnf] cbfntdf lbPsf]
lgj]bg ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æk|ltpQ/kqÆ eGgfn] lkm/fbkqsf] bfaL :jLsf/ jf OGsf/ u/L
cbfntdf k]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkm ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
k|ltpQ/kq ;/xsf] aofg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-h_ æk|ltbfaLÆ eGgfn] afbLn] u/]sf] bfaL pk/ k|ltafbLn] u/]sf] bfaL
;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æk|ltafbLÆ eGgfn] k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug]{ JolQm ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
k|ltafbL ;/x aofg ug]{ jf cbfntn] k|ltafbL sfod u/]sf] JolQm
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-`_ ælkm/fbkqÆ eGgfn] s'g} ljifodf cfkm\gf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ sfod
ug{ jf bfaL sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu u/L k]z u/]sf] ph'/L, gfln;, bfaL
jf lgj]bg ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lkm/fbkq ;/xsf] aofg jf
k|ltpQ/kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] k|ltbfaL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

2
 -6_ ældl;nÆ eGgfn] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq, lgj]bgkq tyf
;f];Fu ;DalGwt ;a't k|df0f / cGo sfuhft ;Íng u/L cbfntdf
/flvPsf] d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt kmfOn ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ æd'2fÆ eGgfn] b]jfgL d'2f ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ æDofbÆ eGgfn] d'2fsf] /f]xdf s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf cbfntaf6 hf/L
ul/g] ;"rgf jf Otnfogfdf ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ æJolQmÆ eGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQm ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sfg"gL JolQm
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-0f_ æafbLÆ eGgfn] lkm/fbkq lbg] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ æ;DklQÆ eGgfn] rn jf crn ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
#= 5'§} sfg"gdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf c;/ gkg]{ M -!_ ljifo ljifodf 5'§f 5'§} ag]sf sfg"gdf
n]lvPsf sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf ;f]xL sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] ljifodf o;
P]gsf] Joj:yfn] s'g} c;/ kfg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfg"gdf gn]lvPsf] sfo{ljlwsf] ljifodf o; P]gdf
n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–@
b]jfgL sfo{ljlw sfg"gsf ;fdfGo l;4fGtx¿
$= b]jfgL d'2fdf kfngf ug'{ kg]{ l;4fGt M d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ubf{
cbfntn] ;fdfGotM o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf l;4fGt tyf Joj:yfsf] kfngf ug'{
kg]{5 .
%= ;'g'jfO{ v'nf Ohnf;df x'g] M sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jf d'2fsf kIfn]
lbPsf] lgj]bgsf cfwf/df cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z u/]sf]df afx]s d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f v'nf Ohnf;df x'g]5 .
^= clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ x'g] M d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f sfg"g
adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntaf6 dfq x'g]5 .
&= xs a]xssf] k|Zg cbfntaf6 dfq lg?k0f x'g] M -!_ s'g} ljifodf xs a]xssf] k|Zg
pTkGg ePdf To:tf] k|Zgsf] lg?k0f lgoldt cbfntaf6 dfq x'g]5 .

3
 :ki6Ls/0f M o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælgoldt cbfntÆ eGgfn] lhNnf cbfnt,
pRr cbfnt jf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ lgoldt cbfnt afx]s cGo cbfnt jf lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg s'g} d'2fsf]
sf/afxLsf] qmddf xs a]xssf] k|Zg lg?k0f ePkl5 dfq cGo ljifodf sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lgoldt cbfntaf6 xs
a]xssf ;DaGwdf lg?k0f u/L cfpg kIfx¿nfO{ cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
*= sfg"gL x}l;ot ;DaGwL ljjfb lgoldt cbfntaf6 dfq lg?k0f x'g] M s'g} JolQmsf]
gftf sfod, ;DaGw ljR5]b jf sfg"gL x}l;ot ;DaGwL ljjfb lgoldt cbfntaf6
dfq lg?k0f x'g]5 .
(= kIfx¿sf] x}l;ot ;dfg /xg] M -!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ubf{ d'2fsf]
kIfx¿sf] x}l;ot ;dfg /xg]5 .
-@_ cbfntn] d'2fsf] k|To]s kIfnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf To;sf] s'g} lgsfo jf
s'g} sfg"gL JolQm cbfnt ;dIf afbL jf k|ltafbLsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf]df sfg"gdf
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jf cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
To;sf] s'g} lgsfo jf s'g} sfg"gL JolQmn] d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] qmddf 5'§} x}l;ot,
;'ljwf, ;x'lnot, pGd'lQm jf 5'6 bfaL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
!)= lkm/fb bfaL ug{ xsb}of x'g' kg]{ M cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] s'g}
bfaL lng lghdf clwsf/ /x]sf] jf To:tf] bfaLsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] sfg"g;Ddt lxt
jf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] Joxf]/f lkm/fbkqdf pNn]v u/L lghsf] xsb}of /x]sf] s'/f b]vfpg'
kg]{5 .
!!= clwsf/If]q z"Go gx'g] M s'g} klg d'2fsf] bfo/L, sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ sfg"g
adf]lhd s'g} cbfnt jf clwsf/LnfO{ clwsf/If]q tf]lsPsf] x'g]5 .
!@= lg0f{o ug{af6 klG5g gx'g] M -!_ GofofwLzn] sfg"g ckof{Kt jf c:ki6 ePsf] cfwf/
lnO{ d'2fsf] lg0f{o ug{af6 kl~5g kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/]df GofofwLzn] sfg"g / Gofosf dfGo
l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .

4
!#= ldnfkq jf d]nldnfk ug{ df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] s'g} klg d'2fsf] km};nf ug'{
cl3 To:tf] d'2fdf ldnfkq ug{ jf d]nldnfksf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ldnfkq ug{
kIfx¿nfO{ cj;/ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cj;/ lbFbf kIfx¿ ldnfkq ug{ jf d]nldnfksf]
k|lqmof ckgfpg d~h'/ ePdf h'g;'s} txdf /x]sf] d'2f eP klg ldnfkq ug{ jf
d]nldnfksf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ldnfkq u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
!$= k|fª\uGofosf] l;4fGt cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ M cbfntn] Ps k6s d'2f k/L km};nf ePkl5
pxL afbL / k|ltafbL /x]sf] ;f]xL ljifosf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]df jf ldnfkq
sfof{Gjog gePsf] ljifodf afx]s Ps k6seGbf a9L ;'g'jfO{ / km};nf ug'{ x'Fb}g .
!%= k'g/fj]bgsf] clwsf/ x'g] M s'g} cbfntn]] z'? sf/afxL ;'g'jfO{ u/L km};nf jf clGtd
cfb]z / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fdf lrQ ga'em\g] kIfnfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] ;DalGwt
cbfntdf sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^= clwsf/If]q x'g' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ s'g} klg cbfntnfO{
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/If]q x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ clwsf/If]q gePsf] cbfntn] d'2fsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{,
cfb]z jf lg0f{o ab/ x'g]5 .
-#_ cbfntn] lg0f{o ubf{ s'g sfg"g cGtu{t clwsf/If]q ePsf] xf] ;f] s'/f
km};nfdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!&= cbfntsf] clwsf/If]q x'g] M d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{, To; pk/
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ clwsf/ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
!*= lhNnf cbfntnfO{ clwsf/If]q x'g] M -!_ d'2fsf] ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[ltn] :ynut ¿kdf
hfFra'em ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ePsf] s'g} klg crn ;DklQ ;DaGwL ljifo, ;'ljwfef/,
s'nf], ;fFw ;DaGwL d'2f / lkm/fbkqaf6 3/, hUuf jf ;DklQ hfFRg' kg]{ b]lvPsf]
d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ To:tf] 3/, hUuf jf ;DklQ /x]sf]
lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .

5
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v ePsf d'2fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf d'2fsf] ;d]t
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ To:tf] ;DklQ /x]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf
cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 M–
-s_ axfn, afnL jf lauf]sf] k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] jf ;DklQsf]
:jfldTj, ef]u rng jf xs a]xs ;DaGwL,
-v_ crn ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg] jf lgvGg] ;DaGwL,
-u_ crn ;DklQ afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwL,
-3_ crn ;DklQ lwtf], aGwsdf /fVg], ef]Ug], rng rnfpg]
;DaGwL,
-ª_ crn ;DklQ pk/sf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ jf zt{ ;DaGwL,
-r_ crn ;DklQ;Fu ;DalGwt Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwL .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg c+z d'2f afbL jf
k|ltafbL /x]sf] lhNnfdWo] h'g lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ x'G5 ;f]xL lhNnf
cbfntnfO{ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
!(= k|ltafbL /x]sf] jf sfd ePsf] lhNnf cbfntnfO{ clwsf/If]q x'g] M -!_ bkmf !* df
n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo d'2f k|ltafbL /x]sf] jf sfd ePsf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntdWo]
h'g lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ x'g cfpF5 ;f]xL cbfntnfO{ To:tf] d'2fsf]
;'g'jfO{, sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æk|ltafbL /x]sf] lhNnfÆ eGgfn] k|ltafbL
a;f]af; u/]sf] lhNnf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sfg"gL JolQmsf] xsdf To:tf] JolQmsf]
k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] lhNnf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ afbL tyf k|ltafbLn] lghx¿ a;f]af; u/]sf] lhNnf afx]s cGo lhNnfdf
n]gb]g sf/f]af/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf afbL jf k|ltafbL /x]sf] lhNnf
cbfntdWo] h'g lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ x'g cfpF5 ;f]xL cbfntnfO{ To:tf]
d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{, sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf s'g} d'2fdf b'O{ hgfeGbf a9L k|ltafbL
ePdf ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltafbL a;]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug'{
kg]{5 .

6
 t/ ;dfg ;ª\Vofsf k|ltafbL PseGbf a9L lhNnfdf /x] a;]sf] eP To:tf]
k|ltafbL /x] a;]sf] lhNnfsf] s'g} lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@)= ljb]zdf ePsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] clwsf/If]q M -!_ bkmf !* / !( df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zdf ePsf] n]gb]g Jojxf/ jf s/f/ ;DaGwL ljifodf
g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] u/L To:tf] Jojxf/ ;DaGwL lnvt jf
s/f/df pNn]v ePsf]df afbL jf k|ltafbL a;f]af; u/]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntnfO{
To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} n]gb]g Jojxf/ jf
s/f/ ;DaGwL ljifodf g]kfnsf] s'g} vf; lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] u/L
To:tf] n]gb]g Jojxf/ jf s/f/ ;DaGwL lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf]df To:tf] d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ;f]xL cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
@!= g]kfnL jfo'ofg jf kfgL hxfhleq ePsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] clwsf/If]q M
sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] jfo'ofg jf kfgL hxfh g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] jfo'ofg jf hxfhleq ePsf] s'g} sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/If]q bkmf @) sf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] cbfntnfO{
x'g]5 .
@@= dflyNnf] cbfntnfO{ clwsf/If]q x'g] M sfg"g adf]lhd tNnf] tx / dflyNnf] txsf]
cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qleq kg]{ s'g} ljifodf tNnf] / dflyNnf] b'j} txsf] cbfntdf
d'2f bfo/ ePdf dflyNnf] txsf] cbfntnfO{ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{
clwsf/ x'g]5 .
@#= cbfntnfO{ clwsf/If]q x'g] M Pp6} ljifosf] s'g} d'2f cbfnt / cGo Goflos lgsfo
b'j}df bfo/ ePsf]df To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ lgoldt
cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
@$= /fi6«;]js afbL jf k|ltafbL ePsf] d'2fsf] clwsf/If]q M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} /fi6«;]jsn] kbLo x}l;otdf sf]xL pk/
lkm/fbkq lbFbf jf s;}n] /fi6«;]js pk/ kbLo x}l;otdf k|ltafbL agfO{ lkm/fbkq lbFbf
To:tf] /fi6«;]js tTsfn sfo{/t sfof{no jf afbL /x]sf] lhNnf cbfntdf lbg' kg]{5 .

7
 -@_ /fi6«;]jsn] cfkm\gf] lghL x}l;otdf lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg' kbf{
cfk"m sfo{/t /x]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntdf btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq btf{ ePdf ;f]
cbfntn] To:tf] lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq ;DalGwt lhNNff cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt
lhNnf cbfntn] sfg"g adf]lhd cfjZos sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
@%= ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntnfO{ clwsf/If]q x'g] M -!_ s'g} d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /
lsgf/f ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} cbfnt jf clwsf/LnfO{ clwsf/If]q gtf]lsPsf]df
To:tf] d'2fdf sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntnfO{
x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} cbfnt, lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ d'2fdf sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ePsf] t/ To:tf] cbfnt jf lgsfo u7g gePsf] jf
clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cbfnt jf lgsfo u7g geP;Dd jf clwsf/L
gtf]lsP;Dd To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ klg ;DalGwt
lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
@^= Pp6f cbfntsf] dfq lkm/fbkq sfod /xg] M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] Ps} ljifodf leGgleGg
cbfntdf leGgfleGg} lkm/fbkq btf{ u/]sf] ePdf d'2fsf b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltn] s'g} Ps
cbfntsf] lkm/fbkq sfod /fvL To;sf] hfgsf/L csf]{ cbfntnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} cbfntaf6 To:tf] cbfntdf btf{ ePsf]
lkm/fbkq sfod /xg] jf vf/]h x'g] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{]
cbfntn] cfkm\gf] cbfntdf /x]sf] lkm/fbkq ;f]xL adf]lhd sfod jf vf/]h ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kIfx¿ ;xdt x'g g;s]df h'g cbfntdf klxn]
lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] 5 ;f]xL cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] lkm/fbkq sfod /fvL csf]{
cbfntdf /x]sf] lkm/fbkq vf/]h ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&= k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/If]q x'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} cbfntdf d'2f
bfo/ eO{ sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ePsf]df ;f] cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]z jf km};nf

8
 pk/ ;f]xL cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
k'g/fj]bgsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–$
lnvt tof/ ug]{ sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@*= lnvt tof/ ubf{ /Lt k'¥ofpg' kg]{ M -!_ lnvt tof/ ubf{ h'g ljifosf] lnvt tof/
ul/g] xf] ;f] ljifo :ki6 ¿kdf v'nfO{ To;df s'g} cz'l4 / s]/d]6 gx'g] u/L 5fkL,
6fOk u/L jf xftn] n]vL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] lnvt;Fu ;DalGwt sf/0fLn]
;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu,–
-s_ ælnvtÆ eGgfn] b]xfosf lnvt ;Demg' k5{ M–
-!_ 3/ Jojxf/df x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf n]gb]g Jojxf/, ;DklQ
x:tfGt/0f jf lwtf] aGws lbg] u/L ePsf] lnvt,
-@_ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL lnvt,
-#_ s/f/,
-$_ clVtof/ lbPsf] lnvt, clVtof/gfdf, d~h'/Lgfdf jf To:t}
k|s[ltsf cGo sfuh,
-%_ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfdf k]z x'g] s'g} klg lnvt,
-^_ cbfntdf k]z x'g] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq,
lgj]bgkq, b/vf:t nufot h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] lnvt,
-&_ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfaf6 hf/L x'g] lnvt,
-*_ sfg"gL xs jf bfloTj ;[hgf ug{] jf gug{] cGo s'g} lnvt .
-v_ æsf/0fLÆ eGgfn] lnvtsf] Joxf]/faf6 ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L ePsf]
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æ;/sf/L sfof{noÆ eGgfn] cbfnt, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf]
sfof{no jf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] g]kfn ;/sf/
jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ah]6, cg'bfg jf ;+nUgtf /x]sf] s'g} sfof{no jf
:yfgLo txsf] sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

9
 -3_ æ;Ël7t ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo
txsf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yf, sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt
;+:yf, sDkgL jf u'7L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ljZjljBfno,
dxfljBfno jf laBfnonfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf lnvt tof/ ubf{ sf/0fjz cz'4 ePdf jf Joxf]/f
km/s k/L ;Rofpg' k/]df h'g jfSo, zAb, cÍ jf cIf/ ;Rofpg' kg]{ xf] ;f]xL jfSo,
zAb, cÍ jf cIf/ km/s k/]sf] b]lvg] u/L s]/L jf ;Í]t u/L h] h:tf] jfSo, zAb, cÍ
jf cIf/ /xg' kg]{ xf] To;/L s]l/Psf] 7fpFeGbf nuQ} dfly jf tn n]vL ;Rofpg' kg]{5
/ To;/L s]l/Psf] jf ;RofPsf] k|To]s 7fpFdf ;DalGwt sf/0fLn] ;xL5fk ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lnvt s]/d]6 u/L
;Rofpg g;lsg] ePdf jf ;lsg] ePdf klg ;RofOPsf] Joxf]/faf6 låljwf jf zª\sf
pTkGg x'g] ePdf jf sfg"g adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f ug{' kg{] lnvt eP To:tf] lnvtsf]
;§f csf]{ 5'§} lnvt tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lnvtdf s'g} /sd pNn]v ug'{ kbf{ cÍ / cIf/
b'j}df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd s'g} /sd v'nfpFbf cÍ / cIf/df km/s k/]df
cIf/df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f dfGo x'g]5 .
@(= ;xL5fk ubf{ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ /Lt M -!_ lnvtdf ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf n]Vg hfGg]n]
cfkm\gf] gfd n]vL x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{5 / n]Vg ghfGg] JolQmn] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf lnvtdf
;xL5fk ubf{ b'j} xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk / n]Vg hfGg]n] cfkm\gf] x:tfIf/
u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft x'g] u/L ;xL5fk u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfkm\gf] xs 5f8L lbPsf] jf lwtf] aGws /fv]sf] ;DklQ;Fu
;DalGwt lnvt,
-v_ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfdf lbOg] d~h'/Lgfdf jf
clVtof/gfdf,

10
 -u_ ;§fk§fkq, c+lzof/aLr x'g] a08fkq, c+z 5f]8kq jf c+z
a'em]sf] e/kfO{sf] lnvt,
-3_ dfgf] 5'l§Psf] jf dfgf] hf]l8Psf] lnvt,
-ª_ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL lnvt,
-r_ C0f lkmtf{ a'emfpFbf jf C0f lbFbf lnvtsf] kL7df b/kL7 gu/L
5'§} ul/lbPsf] e/kfO{,
-5_ C0f lbP lnPsf] ef]uaGwsL, b[li6aGwsL, nvaGwsL ;d]tsf
lnvt, efvfkq, hdfgLkq, sa'lnotgfdf,
-h_ gf;f] w/f}6 lnP lbPsf] s/f/,
-em_ skfnL td;'ssf] lnvt .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xL5fk ubf{ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfaf6
hf/L x'g] lnvtdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] cfkm\gf] gfd / bhf{ v'nfO{ x:tfIf/ u/L
c8\8fsf] 5fk nufO{ To:tf] lnvtdf lnvt hf/L ePsf] ldlt pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .
#)= x:tfIf/ ubf{ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ /Lt M -!_ n]Vg hfGg] JolQmn] lnvtdf cfkm\gf] k"/f gfd,
y/, jtg n]vL x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd x:tfIf/ ubf{ x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{ d'Vo 7fpFdf k"/f
x:tfIf/ u/L cGo 7fpFdf 5f]6s/Ldf x:tfIf/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;lx5fk ubf{ Pp6} ljifosf] lnvt PseGbf a9L
k[i7sf] eP k|To]s k[i7sf] lz/ / k'5f/df x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{ sf/0fLn] To:tf] lnvtdf
s'g} Joxf]/f yk36 ug{ g;Sg] u/L ;lx5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .
#!= NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ /Lt M -!_ lnvtdf NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf
To:tf] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug]{ JolQmsf] bflxg] xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk
nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf s;}sf] bflxg] xftsf]
a'9L cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePdf klg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6 gb]lvPdf afofF xftsf] a'9L
cf}Fnfsf], b'j} xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePdf klg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6
gb]lvPdf bfofF jf afofF xftsf] /]vf :ki6 b]lvPsf] c? s'g} Ps cf}Fnfsf] NofKr]
;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

11
 -#_ b'j} xftsf a'9L cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg{] lnvtsf] xsdf
sf/0fLsf] s'g} xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePdf klg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6
gb]lvPdf ;f]xL xftsf] /]vf :ki6 b]lvPsf] c? s'g} Ps cf}Fnfsf] / zª\v rqmsf] /]vf
:ki6 b]lvPsf] xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnfsf]] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf s'g} sf/0fLsf] b'a}
xftsf] a'9L cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePdf klg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6 gb]lvPdf /]vf :ki6
b]lvPsf b'j} xftsf cGo s'g} Ps Ps cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf s'g} sf/0fLsf] xftsf]
s'g} klg cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePklg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6 gb]lvPdf Ps}xftsf] eP
klg /]vf :ki6 b]lvg] cfjZostfg';f/ s'g} Ps jf b'O{ cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf s'g} sf/0fLsf] xftsf]
s'g} klg cf}Fnf gePdf jf ePklg zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6 gb]lvPdf To:tf] sf/0fLsf]
;xL5fk bkmf ## adf]lhd u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf sfg"g adf]lhd s'g}
Ps jf b'j} a'9L cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk u/fPsf]df afx]s cGo s'g} cf}Fnfsf] NofKr]
;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf h'g a'9L cf}Fnf gePsf] jf To;sf] zª\v rqmsf] /]vf :ki6
gb]lvPsf] sf/0fn] cGo cf}Fnfsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk u/] jf u/fPsf] xf] ;f] Joxf]/f
;DalGwt lnvtdf pNn]v ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#@= x:tfIf/ ug{' u/fpg' kg]{ M NofKr] ;xL5fk / x:tfIf/ ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{ lnvtdf
bkmf #! sf] cj:yf k/L sf/0fLsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk x'g g;Sg] ePdf / lghn] x:tfIf/
ug{ ;Sg] eP Joxf]/f v'nfO{ x:tfIf/ dfq ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
##= ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/sf] lnvtdf ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{ M sf/0fLsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg'
kg]{ lnvtdf bkmf #) adf]lhd x:tfIf/ ug{ g;Sg] / bkmf #! sf] cj:yf k/L NofKr]
;xL5fk klg ug{ g;Sg] sf/0fLsf] xsdf lghsf] ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/nfO{ /f]xa/df /fvL
lghsf] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#$= ;xL5fk ug{ g;Sg] JolQmn] lnvt ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M bkmf #@ adf]lhd lnvtdf
sf/0fLsf] x:tfIf/ dfq u/fpFbf jf bkmf ## adf]lhd sf/0fLsf] tkm{af6 lghsf] ;+/Ifs

12
 jf dfyj/sf] ;xL5fk u/fpFbf lnvtsf] lz/ efudf To;sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L
;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lnvt k|dfl0ft ug{' kg{]5 .
#%= ljz]if cj:yfdf /x]sf JolQmsf] tkm{af6 lnvt ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b[li6ljxLg jf af]Ng g;Sg] JolQmsf] tkm{a f6
s'g} lnvt u/fpFbf To:tf] JolQmsf] ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/ eP lghnfO{ ;d]t /f]xa/df
/fvL lghn] JoQm jf ;Í]t u/] adf]lhd lnvt tof/ u/L To:tf] lnvtdf ;+/Ifs jf
dfyj/sf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf gePsf JolQmsf] tkm{af6 lnvt u/fpFbf ;+/ Ifs
jf dfyj/ eP lghnfO{ ;d]t /f]xa/df /fvL lghsf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg n]Vg k9\g g;Sg]
JolQmnfO{ lnvtdf ;lx5fk u/fpFbf To:tf] JolQmn] rfx]df lghn] /f]h]sf] JolQmsf]
/f]xa/df u/fpg' kg{]5 / To;/L /f]xa/df /xg] JolQmsf] lghn] /f]h]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t
;f]xL lnvtdf hgfO{ ;lx5fk u/fpg' kg{]5 .
#^= lnvt dfGo x'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd x:tfIf/ jf NofKr] ;xL5fk ePsf]df
sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL To:tf] lnvt h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf nflu dfGo eO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g adf]lhd s'g}
lgsfoaf6 k|dfl0ft jf kfl/t ug{' kg]{ jf To:tf] lgsfodf clen]v /xg] jf To:tf]
lgsfoaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g] jf ljlgd]o clwsf/kq dfkm{t sf/f]af/ x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs
;"rgf u/]sf] af]nkq adf]lhdsf s/f/, 7]Ssfk§f afx]ssf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
x:tfIf/ jf NofKr] ;xL5fk ug{' kg{] krf; xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf] jf g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L To:tf] /sddf g36\g] u/L lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] g]kfnleq 3/;f/df tof/ ePsf] lnvt ;DalGwt
kIfx¿ :yfgLo tx jf :yfgLo txsf] j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ ;Ssn
lnvtsf] lz/df To:tf] sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|dfl0ft ubf{
lnvtdf lnvtsf sf/0fLx¿nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{] sfof{non] ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg{]5 .
t/ kIfx¿n] rfx]df krf; xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf sdsf] 3/;f/sf] lnvt klg o;
bkmf adf]lhd k|dfl0ft u/fpg ;Sg]5g\ .

13
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnvt k|dfl0ft u/fpg cfPdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx
jf :yfgLo txsf] j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{non] klg lnvtsf kIfx¿sf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf,
lnvt ePsf] ldlt / n]gb]g ePsf] /sd jf lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf] lauf] ;d]t v'nfO{
clen]v /fvL To:tf] lnvt To;} lbg k|dfl0ft ul/lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lnvt k|dfl0ft ubf{ :yfgLo tx jf :yfgLo txsf]
j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{non] a9Ldf b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF;Dd b:t'/ lng ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /Lt gk'u]sf] lnvt cbfntaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g] 5}g .
t/ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cufj} tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tof/ ePsf]
lnvtsf] dfGotf jf sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf of] bkmfsf] Joj:yfn] k|lts"n c;/ ug{]
5}g .
#&= lnvtdf klxrfgsf] ljj/0f pNn]v x'g' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf
lnvt tof/ ubf{ lnvt;Fu ;DalGwt d'Vo sf/0fLsf] :ki6 klxrfg v'Ng] u/L lnvt
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd klxrfg v'nfpFbf ;DalGwt JolQmsf] afa', cfdf,
afh], aHo} / cfkm\gf] ;lxt tLg k':t] ljj/0f, klt jf kTgLsf] gfd, gful/stf gDa/,
pd]/, gful/stf hf/L ePsf] ldlt / lhNnf, lghsf] :yfoL a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgf tyf
c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf]df To:tf] 7]ufgf ;d]t / ljb]zL gful/s eP lghsf]
gful/stfsf] ljj/0f, /fxbfgL gDa/, /fxbfgL hf/L ug]{ d'n's / /fxbfgL hf/L ePsf]
ldlt tyf lghsf] 7]ufgf, Od]n 7]ufgf, kmf]g gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/nfO{ /f]xa/df /fvL lnvt u/fpFbf
;+/Ifs jf dfyj/sf] gfd, y/, jtg, gful/stf gDa/ / ljb]zL gful/s eP lghsf]
/fxbfgL gDa/, /fxbfgL hf/L ug]{ d'n's / /fxbfgL hf/L ePsf] ldlt, Od]n 7] ufgf /
6]lnkmf]g gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#*= ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 s'g} lnvt
ubf{ jf u/fpFbf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] :ki6 klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f, btf{ gDa/ tyf /lhi68{
jf k|wfg sfof{no /xg] 7fpF pNn]v u/L To;sf] ;~rfnssf] lg0f{o adf]lhd clwsf/
k|fKt JolQmsf] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

14
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xL5fk ubf{ jf u/fpFbf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6
;xL5fk ug]{ JolQmn] NofKr] ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{ 5}g .
t/ x:tfIf/ u/]kl5 To:tf] ;+:yfsf] 5fk nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ bkmf #& sf] pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;Ël7t
;+:yf sf/0fL ePsf] lnvtdf tLg k':t]sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
#(= x:tfIf/ kof{Kt x'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] kbflwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf s'g} lnvtdf x:tfIf/ ubf{, s'g}
;Ël7t ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Ln] kbLo x}l;otdf s'g} lnvtdf x:tfIf/ ubf{, s'g}
cWoog, cg';Gwfg, 5fgaLg jf hfFra'emsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ jf sfg"g adf]lhd
NofKr] ;xL5fk cfjZos x'g] egL pNn]v ePsf lnvtdf afx]s cGo lnvtdf
;xL5fk ubf{ NofKr] ;xL5fk cfjZos kg]{ 5}g / ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd / bhf{
v'nfO{ ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L /Ltk"j{ssf] x:tfIf/ ePdf To:tf] lnvt /Ltk"j{s tof/
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnvt tof/ ePsf]df ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd /
bhf{ gv'n]sf] ePdf klg To;/L gfd / bhf{ gv'nfpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ cbfntn]
kfFr;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L To:tf] lnvtnfO{ /Lt k'u]sf] dfgL k|df0fsf] ¿kdf
u|x0f ug{ / To:tf] lnvtsf cfwf/df gfln; ;'gL d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f
ug{]5 .
$)= ;xL5fk kSsf d;Ln] ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd NofKr] ;xL5fk ubf{ jf
u/fpFbf gp8\g] kSsf /+u ePsf] 5fk jf cGo ;fwgaf6 cf}Fnfsf] zª\v rqmsf] /]vf
/+ufO{ To;sf] 5fk lnvtdf ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQmn] x:tfIf/ ubf{ gp8\g] kSsf d;Ln] ug'{ kg]{5 .
$!= lnvt tof/ ubf{ 7fpF / ldlt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ M bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhdsf] lnvt tof/ ubf{ lnvtsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]kl5 To;sf]
cGTodf To:tf] lnvt tof/ ePsf] 7fpF / ldlt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
$@= ;fIfL /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fIfL /fvL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ lnvtdf s/f/ ug{
of]Uo sDtLdf b'O{ hgf JolQm ;fIfL /fvL lghx¿sf] /f]xa/df lnvt adf]lhdsf] sfd,
sf/f]af/ ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

15
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pNn]v ePsf ;fIfLsf] klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f / 7]ufgf
pNn]v u/L o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;xL5fk ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] lnvt sf/0fL cfk}mFn] n]v]sf] eP ;f]xL
Joxf]/f / cGo JolQmn] d:of}bf u/L tof/ u/]sf] eP ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L n]vsn]
cfkm\gf] klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f / 7]ufgf ;d]t n]vL x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} lnvt tof/ ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkq lng' kg]{ /x]5 eg]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ n]vsn] To;sf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
$#= /Lt gk'u]sf] lnvt dfGo gx'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /Lt gk'¥ofO{ tof/ ul/Psf]
lnvt dfGo x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
lnvtsf] k|s[lt x]/L b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L To:tf] lnvtnfO{ dfGotf lbg
;lsg]5 M–
-s_ n]Vg hfGg]n] /Ltk"j{s x:tfIf/ dfq u/L NofKr] ;xL5fk gu/]sf]
jf NofKr] ;xL5fk u/]sf]df k|i6 gb]lvg] u/L u/]sf],
-v_ n]Vg hfGg]n] x:tfIf/ gu/L NofKr] ;xL5fk dfq u/]sf],
-u_ lnvtsf] k'5f/df ldlt 6'lËPsf] 7fpFdf sf/0fLsf] ;xL5fk
gu/fPsf],
-3_ ;fIfL g/fv]sf] jf /fv]sf] ;fIfLsf] x:tfIf/ gu/fPsf],
-ª_ gfd, y/, jtg / bhf{ ;d]t n]Vg' kg]{df y/, jtg jf bhf{dWo]
s'g} jf ;a} 5'6fPsf] .
-#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g adf]lhd
ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 s'g} lnvt tof/ ug{ ;lsg] u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]df To;/L
tof/ ul/Psf] lnvtnfO{ /Lt k"j{s tof/ u/]sf] lnvt dflgg]5 .
$$= sf/0fLn] u/]sf] lnvt dfGo x'g] M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} lnvt sf/0fL :jod\n] cfkm\gf] x:tfIf/af6 n]lvPsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePdf
To:tf] lnvt sfg"g adf]lhd dfGo x'g]5 .

16
$%= s}lkmot hgfO{ lnvt btf{ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s;}n] ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t
;+:yfdf btf{ ug{ NofPsf] lnvtdf cIf/ a'lemg] u/L ykL s]/d]6 u/L btf{ ug{ NofPdf
;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] To;/L yk jf s]/d]6 u/]sf] 7fpFdf lghsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ h'g
7fpFdf cIf/ yk] jf s]/d]6 u/]sf] 5 To:tf] s'/f To:tf] lnvtdf s}lkmot hgfO{
k|dfl0ft u/L btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfaf6 btf{ u/fpg NofPsf] lnvtdf
s'g} cIf/ yk jf s]/d]6 eO{ To:tf] sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] k|d'v jf lghaf6 clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] b:tvt u/]sf] ePdf ;f]xL lnvt btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd /Lt gk'uL s'g} lnvt btf{ ug{ NofPdf To:tf]
;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] h'g sf/0fn] lnvt btf{ ug{
gx'g] xf] To;sf] sf/0f :ki6 ¿kdf v'nfO{ lnvtsf] kL7df ;f] s'/f n]vL ldlt ;d]t
/fvL cfkm\gf] b:tvt u/L btf{ ug{ Nofpg]sf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ lnvt lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L sfof{no jf
;Ël7t ;+:yfdf btf{ ePsf] s'g} klg lnvt s;}nfO{ lkmtf{ lbO{ csf]{ ;f6L lng / cÍ
cIf/ ykL d]6L, s]/L, 36L jf a9L kfg{ x'Fb}g .
$^= lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fdf ;/f]sf/ ePsf] JolQm jf lghsf]
sfg"g Joj;foLn] cbfntdf k]z ePsf] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq,
lgj]bgkq, afbL jf k|ltafbLn] k]z u/]sf k|df0f ;DaGwL lnvt jf km};nf nufot
d'2fsf] ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhkqsf] k|ltlnlk dfu u/L lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] oyfzLw|
To:tf] lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk h'g;'s} sfg"g Joj;foLn] lng kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP afx]s s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfdf
/x]sf] lnvtdf cfkm\gf] ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ lnvtsf] ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn]
lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk dfu u/L ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfdf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s;}n] k|ltlnlk dfu u/L lbPsf] lgj]bgsf]
Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;Ël7t ;+:yf jf lgj]bs cfkm}Fn]
k|ltlnlk ;f/L jf 5fFofk|lt agfO{ lng] ePdf k|ltk[i7 kfFr ?k}ofF / ;/sf/L sfof{no

17
 jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfaf6 g} k|ltlnlk agfO{ pknAw u/fpg] ePdf k|ltk[i7 bz ?k}ofF b:t'/
nfUg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpFbf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf
;Ël7t ;+:yf jf lgj]bsaf6 dfu eP adf]lhd k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fOPsf] / ;Ssn
k|lt cg'?k k|ltlnlk /x]sf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft u/L lgj]bsnfO{ ;f]xL lbg k|ltlnlk
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g adf]lhd uf]Ko
/fVg' kg]{ jf ;fj{hlgs ug{ gx'g] lnvt jf cbfntn] ;fj{hlgs gug{ cfb]z lbPsf]
lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b–%
xbDofb ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$&= xbDofbleq lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd
s'g} lglZrt ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf]df To:tf] ;dofjlwnfO{ xbDofbsf] Joj:yf ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xbDofbsf] Joj:yf ePsf]df ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf]
xbDofbleq cbfntdf lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} JolQm lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug{ cbfntdf
pkl:yt ePdf lghsf] lkm/fbkq btf{ x'g] 5}g / s'g} sf/0fjz btf{ x'g uPsf] /x]5
eg] klg To:tf] lkm/fbkq vf/]h x'g]5 .
$*= xbDofbsf] Joj:yf gePsf]df lkm/fb ug{ ;lsg] M s'g} ljifodf lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug]{
;DaGwdf sfg"gdf s'g} xbDofb pNn]v gePsf] eP lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf]
ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq lkm/fb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$(= xbDofb k|f/De x'g] M -!_ s'g} ljifodf lkm/fb ug{ h'g sfg"gdf xbDofbsf] Joj:yf
ePsf] 5 ;f]xL sfg"g adf]lhd g} xbDofb k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xbDofb k|f/De x'g] ;DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf
gePsf]df lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] ldltn] xbDofb k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
%)= yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] lkm/fb ug'{ kg{] M -!_ bkmf $* jf $( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg wf]sf, sLt]{, hfn;fhL jf if8\oGqsf] kmn:j?k jf To:t} cGo s'g} sf/0f

18
 k/L jf uf]Ko ¿kdf s'g} sfd eO{ yfxf kfpg ;Sg] l:ylt geO{ s;}sf] xbDofb u'h|g
uPsf]df lghn] To:tf] s'/f yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L
lkm/fb bfo/ ug{ cfPdf cbfntn] o; kl/R5]bsf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] lkm/fbkq btf{
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo tx
jf s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] xsdf To:tf] ;/sf/ jf txsf] ;DalGwt sfof{no jf To:tf]
;+:yfnfO{ lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ePsf] ldltnfO{ yfxf kfPsf] ldlt
dflgg]5 .
%!= labfkl5 lkm/fbkq btf{ x'g ;Sg] M -!_ xbDofb k'Ug] clGtd lbg ;fj{hlgs labf k/]df
To:tf] labfkl5 nuQ} cbfnt v'n]sf] klxnf] lbg lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfn]
dfu u/]df cbfntn] To:tf] lkm/fbkq btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf]df xbDofbleq g} lkm/fbkq btf{
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fj{hlgs labfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
k|b]zsf] xsdf ;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cbfnt labf x'g] egL
;"lrt u/]sf] k"/} jf cfwf lbgsf] labf ;Demg' k5{ .
%@= gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xbDofb k|f/De x'g] M -!_ lkm/fbkq ug'{ kg]{
s'g} JolQm gfafns ePdf lgh aflnu ePsf] lbgb]lv lghsf] xsdf xbDofb k|f/De
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ JolQmsf] xbDofb k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 g} xf]; 7]ufgdf
g/x]df lghsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf cfPsf] lbgb]lv lghsf] xsdf xbDofb k|f/De ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-#_ xbDofb k|f/De ePkl5 s'g} JolQmsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]df xbDofb k|f/De
/ cGTo x'Fbf hlt cjlw lghsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] cj:yf /xG5 Tolt g} cjlw
u0fgf u/L x'g cfpg] xbDofbsf] cjlwleq lkm/fb lbPdf xbDofb leq g} lkm/fbkq
k/]sf] dflgg]5 .

19
 t/ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQm xf]; 7]ufgdf cfPkl5 afFsL /xg cfpg]
xbDofbsf] cjlw kGw| lbgeGbf sd x'g] ePdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw xbDofb afFsL /x]sf]
dflgg]5 .
%#= xsjfnfsf] xbDofb k|f/De x'g] M -!_ lkm/fbkq ug'{ kg]{ gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf
g/x]sf] JolQm aflnu jf xf]; 7]ufgdf /x]sf] cj:yf gx'Fb} lghsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf]
d[To' ePsf] ldltn] xbDofbleq lghsf] xsjfnfn] lkm/fb ug{ kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} gfafns aflnu ePkl5 k}FtL; lbg jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw xbDofb
afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] d[To' ePdf afFsL xbDofbleq / k}FtL; lbgeGbf sd
cjlwsf] xbDofb afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] d[To' ePdf To;/L d[To' ePsf] ldltn]
k}FtL; lbgleq lghsf] xsjfnfn] lkm/fb ug{ kfpg]5 .
-#_ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] s'g} JolQm xf]; 7]ufgdf cfPkl5 k}FtL; lbg jf
;f]eGbf a9L xbDofb afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] d[To' ePdf afFsL xbDofbleq /
k}FtL; lbgeGbf sd xbDofb afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] d[To' ePdf To;/L d[To'
ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq lghsf] xsjfnfn] lkm/fb ug{ kfpg]5 .
%$= ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n] lkm/fb ug{ kfpg] M bkmf %@ jf %# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf sfg"g adf]lhd lghsf]
;+/Ifs jf dfyj/ eP To:tf] ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sfg"gsf]
xbDofbleq lkm/fb ug{ kfpg]5 .
%%= xbDofb :yug gx'g] M ;+o'Qm ¿kdf lkm/fb ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfsf JolQmx¿dWo] s'g} JolQm
gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQm afx]s cGo JolQmsf] xsdf xbDofb :yug
x'g] 5}g .
t/ To:tf] gfafns aflnu ePkl5 jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQm xf];
7]ufgdf cfPkl5 lghn] cfkm\gf] xsdf bkmf %@ sf] cwLgdf /xL 5'§} lkm/fbkq lbg
;Sg]5 .
%^= ljb]zdf ePsf] sf/f]af/sf] xbDofb M ljb]zdf ePsf] s'g} sfd, sf/afxL jf sf/f]af/sf]
;DaGwdf sfg"g jf s/f/ adf]lhd g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf lkm/fbkq nfUg] Joj:yf
ePsf]df To:tf] sfd, sf/afxL jf sf/f]af/ g]kfnleq g} eP u/] ;/x dfgL o;
kl/R5]bsf] cwLgdf /xL lkm/fb ug{ ;lsg]5 .

20
%&= clwsf/If]q gePsf] cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] lkm/fbsf] xbDofb M s;}n] s'g} cbfntdf
lkm/fbkq bfo/ u/]sf]df s'g} sf/0faf6 To:tf] lkm/fbkqsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f
ug]{ clwsf/If]q To:tf] cbfntnfO{ gePsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] tt\;DaGwdf sf/afxL
6'ª\UofPsf] ldltaf6 hlt cjlw xbDofb afFsL 5Fb} lkm/fb u/]sf] lyof] Tolt cjlw;Dd
;DalGwt JolQmsf] lkm/fb ug]{ xbDofb sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
t/,
-!_ xbDofbsf] cjlw ;ft lbgeGbf sd /x]sf]df ;ft lbg;Dd lkm/fb ug{]
xbDofb sfod /xg]5 .
-@_ lkm/fb ubf{s} cj:yfdf clwsf/If]q gePsf] egL ;f] cbfntn] b/kL7
u/]sf]df clwsf/If]q gePsf] cbfnt ;dIf sf/afxL rn]sf] sf/0fn]
dfq o; bkmf adf]lhd lkm/fbkq lbg xbDofb yk x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] cbfntnfO{ To;sf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f
ug{] clwsf/If]q gePsf] eGg] s'/f yfxf ePkl5 To:tf] cbfntaf6
lkm/fbsf] 6'ª\uf] gnufPsf] sf/0fn] dfq sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xbDofbleq
clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf lkm/fb ug{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ afwf k'u]sf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd xbDofb u'lh|;s]kl5 klg xbDofb 9fF6L lkm/fbkq btf{
u/fPsf]df lkm/fbkq btf{ u/fPsf] sf/0fn] dfq clwsf/If]q sfod x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
%*= xbDofb gu'h|g] M s;}sf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{
xbDofbleq lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ g;sL xbDofb u'h|]sf] s'/f pNn]v u/L lghn] b]xfosf]
cjlwleq lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ NofPdf o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg bkmf %( sf] cwLgdf /xL cbfntn] To:tf] lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{' kg]{ JolQmsf] sf]xL d[To' eO{ k/Dk/f cg';f/ lgh
cfkm}F lsl/of jf zf]sj/0f u/L a:g' k/]sf] eP To:tf] JolQmsf] d[To'
ePsf] kGw| lbg k'u]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbg,
-v_ lkm/fb btf{ ug{' kg]{ JolQm dlxnf eO{ ;'Ts]/L ePsf] eP ;'Ts]/L ePsf]
ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s ;f7L lbg,

21
 -u_ vf]nf] klx/f] jf lxpFn] af6f] aGb eO{ jf sˆo"{sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf cGo
s'g} sf/0fn] ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg grn]sf] eP af6f] v'n]sf] jf
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg rn]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s kGw|
lbg,
-3_ lkm/fb btf{ ug{' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ s;}n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf] jf z/L/
aGws agfPsf] eP To:tf] ckx/0f jf aGwsaf6 d'Qm ePsf] ldltn]
af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s kGw| lbg,
-ª_ e"sDk jf Hjfnfd'vL cflb h:tf ljkb\ k/]sf] eP To:tf] ljkb\ k/]sf]
ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s bz lbg,
-r_ s'g} b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f cr]t jf lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] eO{ jf crfgs s'g}
s8f /f]u nfu]sf] sf/0f lxF88'n ug{ g;s]sf]n] c:ktfndf egf{ eO{
pkrf//t /xg' k/]sf] cj:yfdf To;/L egf{ ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf Dofb
afx]s kGw| lbg .
%(= xbDofb u'h|g'sf] sf/0fsf] k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf %) jf %* adf]lhdsf]
cj:yf k/L lkm/fb ubf{ s'g} JolQmn] xbDofbleq lkm/fb ug{ g;s]df To;nfO{ k'li6
ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k|df0f ;lxt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg ;fy k|df0f k]z ug{ g;Sg] sf/0f b]vfO{
o;sf] nflu Dofb dfu]df cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0f k]z ug{sf] lgldQ lkm/fb bfo/ ug{
rfxg] JolQmnfO{ kGw| lbgdf ga9fO{ pko'Qm 7x/fPsf] Dofb lbg ;Sg]5 .
^)= :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltaf6 xbDofb k|f/De x'g] M s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf jf kbflwsf/L
pk/ lkm/fb ug'{ cl3 sfg"g adf]lhd s;}sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt
JolQmn] To:tf] :jLs[ltsf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltaf6 tt\;DaGwdf lkm/fb ug]{
xbDofb k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
^!= clwsf/L tf]lsPkl5 xbDofb k|f/De x'g] M s'g} sfg"gdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L, cbfnt jf
lgsfo tf]Sg] clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/, cGo s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ePsf]df
xbDofbleq To:tf] clwsf/L, cbfnt jf lgsfo tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd /
gtf]lsPsf]df To;/L clwsf/L, cbfnt jf lgsfo tf]lsPsf] ldltaf6 ;DalGwt sfg"g
cGtu{t k}FtL; lbgleq lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug]{ xbDofb k|f/De x'g]5 .

22
 t/ bkmf @% adf]lhd lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
^@= xbDofb ;DaGwL cjlwsf] u0fgf M -!_ xbDofbsf] cjlw lbg uGtLdf tf]lsPsf] eP
hlt lbg tf]lsPsf] 5 Tolt g} lbg uGtLsf] lx;fan] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbg uGtL ubf{ xbDofb k|f/De ePsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv
u0fgf u/L xbDofbsf] cjlw sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ xbDofbsf] cjlw dlxgfdf tf]lsPsf] eP hlt lbgsf] dlxgf ePklg
;qmflGtsf] lx;fan] hlt dlxgf tf]lsPsf] xf] Tolt g} dlxgfsf] lx;fan] u0fgf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ xbDofbsf] cjlw jif{df tf]lsPsf] eP afx| dlxgfsf] cjlwnfO{ Ps jif{
dfgL hlt jif{ tf]lsPsf] xf] Tolt g} jif{sf] lx;fan] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–^
cbfntL z'Ns ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^#= cbfntL z'Ns nfUg] M -!_ cbfntdf lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkq lbFbf jf cbfntdf s'g}
k|ltbfaL lnFbf cbfntL z'Ns -sf]6{ kmL_ nfUg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP afx]s s'g} d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{
kfpF egL lbPsf] lgj]bgdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ jf bf]xf]¥ofpg] cfb]z ePdf cbfntL
z'Ns ltg'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcbfntL z'NsÆ eGgfn] lkm/fbkq jf
k'g/fj]bg lbFbf jf d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg jf bf]xf]¥ofpg lbFbf lnOg] z'Ns ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] k|ltbfaL lng]n] k|ltbfaL lnP afkt a'emfpg] z'Ns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
k|b]z ;/sf/ afbL x'g] d'2f, :yfgLo txsf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf] d'2f ;fj{hlgs jf
;/sf/L ;DklQsf] pkof]usf] d'2f jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]lsPsf] lgsfoaf6 sf/afxL x'g] d'2fsf] xsdf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cbfntL
z'Ns nfUg] 5}g .
^$= cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf gu/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL x'g g;Sg] M -!_ s;}n] klg o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns bflvn gu/L cbfntdf s'g} lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkq

23
 lbg, k|ltbfaL lng jf s'g} d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{ To; pk/ s'g}
sf/afxL x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s cbfntL z'Ns bflvn gu/L
btf{ ePsf] lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/g] d'2f vf/]h
x'g]5 .
^%= cbfntL z'Ns glnO{ d'2f x]l/g ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf ^$ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf GofofwLzn] sf/0f ;lxtsf] krf{ v8f u/L k"0f{ jf
cf+lzs ¿kdf cbfntL z'Ns kl5 lng] u/L lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq, k|ltbfaL btf{ ug]{
jf d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cbfntL z'Ns ltg'{ kg]{ JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s cj:yf cToGt
sdhf]/ eO{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf a'emfpg
c;dy{ ePsf] sf/0f hgfO{ cbfntdf lbPsf] lgj]bg hfFra'em
ubf{ ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf,
-v_ cbfntL z'Ns ltg'{ kg]{ JolQmsf] d'2f k/]sf] ;DklQ afx]s cGo
;DklQ s]xL geO{ cbfntL z'Ns bflvn ug{ c;dy{ 5 egL
;DalGwt :yfgLo txaf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPdf jf To:tf]
JolQmsf] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg cbfntdf k/L hfFra'em ubf{
ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd GofofwLzaf6 k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf cbfntL z'Ns
kl5 lng] u/L cfb]z ePdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] s] slt cbfntL z'Ns lnPsf] xf] /
s] slt lng afFsL 5 :ki6 n]vL To;sf] clen]v ldl;n ;fy /fVg' kg]{5 .
^^= ;DklQsf] d"No jf lauf] v'nfpg' kg]{ M -!_ lkm/fbkq lbFbf h'g ;DklQ bfaL ul/Psf] jf
bfaL 5'6fO{ kfpF elgPsf] xf] To:tf] ;DklQsf] :ki6 ¿kdf gubdf d"No jf lauf]
v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf afx]s s;}n] u/L lbg' kg]{ s'/f u/L
lbPg jf ug'{ gkg]{ s'/f u¥of] jf ug{ nfUof] eGg] dfq bfaL u/]sf]df To:tf] bfaL ;d]t
:ki6 ¿kdf lkm/fbkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

24
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd bfaL u/L lkm/fbkq lbPsf]df kl5 d"No jf lauf]
lbnfpg] u/L lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] lg0f{o ug'{ cl3 lkm/fbkq lbg]
JolQmaf6 To:tf] d"No jf lauf] adf]lhd cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
^&= d"No jf lauf] sfod ug]{ cfwf/ M cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu bkmf
^^ adf]lhd crn ;DklQsf] d"No jf lauf] b]xfosf] k|fyldstfqmdsf] cfwf/df sfod
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ /lhi6«]zg k|of]hgsf] nflu dfnkf]t sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b:t'/,
-v_ s/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} d"No lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
eP To:tf] d"No,
-u_ :yfgLo k|rlnt d"No .
^*= cbfntL z'Ns lnFbf cfwf/ lnOg] d"No jf lauf] M cbfntn] b]xfosf d"No jf lauf]sf]
cfwf/df cbfntL z'Ns lng' kg]{5 M–
-s_ gubsf] xs sfod ug'{ jf bfaL 5'6fO{ lbg' kg]{df hlt /sd xs sfod
ug'{ jf 5'6fpg' kg]{ xf] To:tf] cÍ,
-v_ ;'g, rfFbL, /Tg jf hjfx/t ;d]t lbnfpg jf bfaL 5'6fpg kg]{df
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] sfod u/]sf] b/n] x'g cfpg] cÍ / To:tf] b/ sfod
gePsf]df k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df x'g cfpg] cÍ,
-u_ v08 -v_ df pNn]v eP afx]s cGo rn ;DklQ lbnfpg jf 5'6fpg'
kg]{df To:tf] ;DklQsf] k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nosf cfwf/df x'g cfpg] cÍ,
-3_ lwtf]kq, C0fkq lbnfpg jf bfaL 5'6fpg' kg]{ eP lwtf]kq ahf/n]
sfod u/]sf] d"No,
-ª_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd k|rlnt ahf/ d"No olsg gePsf rn ;DklQsf]
xsdf afbLn] sfod u/]sf] d"No jf lauf]sf] cÍ,
-r_ hUufsf] cfo:tf bfaL u/]sf]df ljkb\ gk/]sf cl3Nnf] ;fnsf]
cfo:tfsf] cÍ,
-5_ crn hUuf hldg kqmL bfaL u/]sf] jf xs bfjf kqmfp 5'6fO{ lbg'
kg]{df lkm/fbjfnfn] bkmf ^^ adf]lhd sfod u/L NofPsf] d"No /
lauf]sf] cÍ,

25
 -h_ ljkb\ k/]sf] hUufsf] cfo:tf ldGxf u/L lbPg eGg] bfaL u/]sf]df ldGxf
ug{ bfaL u/]sf] cÍ,
-em_ hUufsf] cfo:tf afx]s cGo ldGxf ug{ bfaL u/]sf]df To;/L ldGxf ug{
bfaL u/]sf] cÍ,
-`_ u'7L, dxGTofOF, k"hf/L, e08f/] cflbsf] xs bfaL u/]sf], bfaL 5'6fO{ lbg'
kg]{ jf To:tf] sfdaf6 5'6\sf/f u/L kfpF eGg] bfaL u/]sf]df u'7Lsf]
sfd rnfO{ vfg kfpg] z]if af“sLsf] cÍaf6 / c? bfaL u/]sf]df
7]lsPsf] hUufsf] cÍ jf lauf]af6 / hUuf g7]lsPsf]df vfg kfpg] Ps
;fnsf] vfGuL cfo:tfsf] cÍ,
-6_ 7]Ssf /sdsf] xs bfaL u/]sf] jf xs bfaL 5'6fO{ lbg' kg]{df hlt
;fnsf] 7]Ssf /sd bfaL u/]sf] xf] Tolt ;fnsf] 7]Ssf cÍ / cfo:tf
gf]S;fgL dfq bfaL u/]sf]df bfaL u/]sf] cfo:tf gf]S;fgLsf] cÍ,
-7_ crn ;DklQ aGwsLsf] xsdf lnvtdf n]lvPsf] lauf]sf] cÍ,
-8_ bfdf;fxL jf efvf u/L lbg' kg]{df c;fdLn] b]vfPsf] lauf]sf] cÍ,
-9_ tna, eQf jf ls:tf lbnfO{ kfpg] egL bfaL u/]df To:tf] bfaLsf] cÍ,
-0f_ Hofnf, dh'/L, gf]S;fgL, xhf{gf bfaL u/]sf]df To:tf] bfaL u/]sf]] d"Nosf]
cÍ,
-t_ ;fFjf, d'gfkmf, nfef+z, af]g;, bfg as;, Aofh, 3/ k;n, axfn jf
s'g} ;DklQ bfaL u/]sf]df To:tf] ;DklQsf] cÍ,
-y_ s'g} Ifltk"lt{ bfaL u/]sf]df To;/L bfaL u/]sf] cÍ,
-b_ s/f/ adf]lhd u/fO{ jf e/fO{ kfpg bfaL u/]sf]df To;/L u/fpg jf
e/fpg bfaL u/]sf] cÍ .
^(= cbfntL z'Nssf] b/ M lkm/fbkq lbFbf bkmf ^* adf]lhd bfaL u/]sf] jf bfaL 5'6fO{
kfpF eg]sf] d"No jf lauf]sf] cÍaf6 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] b/n] cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 M–
-s_ klxnf] kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nflu kfFr ;o ?k}ofF,
-v_ krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd ePdf bf];|f] kRrL; xhf/;Ddsf] nflu ;os8f
kfFrsf b/n],

26
 -u_ Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd eP t];|f] krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nflu ;os8f
tLg bzdna kfFrsf b/n],
-3_ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd eP rf}yf] rf/ nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nflu ;os8f
b'O{sf b/n],
-ª_ kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd eP kfFrf}+ aL; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nflu ;os8f
Ps bzdna kfFrsf b/n],
-r_ kRrL; nfv ?k}ofFeGbf dfly hlt;'s} ePklg a9L cÍ hltsf] nflu
;os8f Pssf b/n] .
&)= Psd'i6 cbfntL z'Ns nfUg] M -!_ bkmf ^( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf s'g} ljifo / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt d'2fdf Psd'i6 kfFr ;o ?k}ofF cbfntL z'Ns
nfUg]5M–
-s_ hUufsf] btf{, gfd;f/L jf To:tf] btf{ jf gfd;f/L ab/,
-v_ /l;b tyf e/kfO{sf] bfaL,
-u_ lnvt, efvfkq, hdfgLkq, sa'lnot e/kfO{ cflb km§fsf] dfu
bfaL,
-3_ 3/ jf hUufdf a;]sf]nfO{ p7fO{ jf p7\g gkg]{ dfu bfaL,
-ª_ afFw, k}gL jf s'nf] agfpg jf To;af6 kfgL Nofpg lbPg jf
/f]nqmd ldrL kfgL nufPsf] bfaL,
-r_ lgsf;, ‰ofn jf 9f]sf v'nf jf aGb, ‰ofn, 9f]sf jf sf}zL
/fVg], yKg] jf aGb ug]{ dfu bfaL,
-5_ s'g} sfd gug'{ jf gu/fpg'' jf s'g} sfd ug{ nufpg lgif]wf1f
jf cfb]zfTds cfb]z hf/Lsf] dfu bfaL] jf To:tf] cfb]zsf]
ab/,
-h_ s'g} JolQmsf] k"0f{ ;Ifdtf, cw{ ;Ifdtf jf c;Ifdtf lgwf{/0f,
-em_ ;DaGw ljR5]b,
-`_ gftf sfod,
-6_ s'g} JolQmsf] d[To'sf] ;DaGwdf Goflos 3f]if0ffsf] dfu jf
Goflos 3f]if0ff ab/ jf ;f]sf] ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL dfu bfaL,

27
 -7_ bfdf;fxLsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{] jf gug]{ dfu bfaL,
-8_ u'7L ;~rfns lgo'lQm jf ab/,
-9_ ;+/Ifs lgo'lQm jf ab/,
-0f_ dfyj/sf] lgo'lQm jf ab/,
-t_ kmnf]kef]usf] bfaL jf ab/,
t/ d"No pNn]v ePsf]df d"Nosf cfwf/df cbfntL
z'Ns nfUg]5 .
-y_ ;'ljwfef/sf] bfaL jf ab/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf d'2fdf Ps xhf/
?k}ofF cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 M–
-s_ c+z nfUg] ;DklQdf c+zsf] efu olsg u/L jf lbnfO{ lbg]] dfu
bfaL,
-v_ lnvt jf sfuh ab/ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s lauf] gv'n]sf] cGo s'g} s/f/sf
;DaGwdf kg{ cfpg] ljjfbdf Psd'i6 b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o ?k}ofF cbfntL z'Ns
nfUg]5 .
&!= cbfntL z'Ns lng] ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf &) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg b]xfosf] d'2fdf b]xfo adf]lhd cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 M–
-s_ afbL jf k'g/fj]bssf] lhls/af6 s'g} ;DklQsf] xs a]xs ug'{
kg]{ ePdf bkmf ^* adf]lhd,
-v_ c+z d'2fdf lkm/fbkq;fy ;DklQsf] kmfF6jf/L k]z geO{
k|ltpQ/;fy k]z ePsf] jf cbfntn] dfu]sf] kmFf6jf/L adf]lhd
;DklQsf] lauf] sfod ePsf]df To:tf] lauf]sf] lx;fan],
-u_ ;fFjf / Aofh b'j} bfaL u/L lkm/fbkq lbPsf]df lkm/fbkq lbPsf]
ldlt;Ddsf] Aofhsf] x'g] cÍaf6,
-3_ km};nf x'Fbf Aofh ;d]t e/fpg] lg0f{o ePdf lkm/fbkq bfo/
ePsf] ldltb]lv km};nf sfof{Gjog x'Fbf;Ddsf] sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g] Aofhsf] .

28
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} d'2fdf d"No jf lauf]
v'n]sf]df o; kl/R5]bsf] cGo bkmfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd d"No jf lauf]sf] cfwf/df /
d"No jf lauf] gv'n]sf] cGo h'g;'s} d'2fdf bkmf &) sf] cwLgdf /xL Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF
cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 .
&@= d'2f k/]sf] cl3Nnf] lbgsf] d"No sfod ug]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cbfntL z'Ns lng]
k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} ;DklQsf] d"No sfod ubf{ crn ;DklQ eP bkmf ^& adf]lhd /
cGo ;DklQ eP h'g lbg d'2f bfo/ ePsf] xf] To:tf] lbgeGbf cl3Nnf] lbgsf]
d"NonfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ d"No sfod ul/g] 5 .
&#= k'g/fj]bg ubf{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns M -!_ d"No jf lauf] v'n]sf] d'2fdf h'g;'s} txdf
k'g/fj]bg ubf{ h'g xb;Dd lrQ ga'emL k'g/fj]bg ug]{ xf] ;f]xL xb;Dd lkm/fbkq btf{
ubf{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Nssf] ;os8f kGw|sf] b/n] yk cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 .
-@_ lauf] gv'n]sf] c+z d'2fdf h'g;'s} txdf k'g/fj]bg lbFbf lkm/fbkq btf{ ubf{
nfu] ;/xsf] cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 .
-#_ klxnf] txsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg km};nf pk/ bf];|f]
txsf] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbPsf]df h'g xb;Dd lrQ ga'emL k'g/fj]bg ug]{ xf] ;f]xL
xb;Dd lkm/fbkq btf{ ubf{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Nssf] yk kGw| k|ltztsf] b/n] cbfntL
z'Ns nfUg]5 .
&$= k'g/fjnf]sg jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]bf{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns M sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} d'2f
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF egL lbPsf] lgj]bg pk/ k'g/fjnf]sg jf d'2f
bf]xf]¥ofO{ lbg] u/L cfb]z ePdf h'g xb;Dd lrQ ga'emL k'g/fjnf]sg jf bf]xf]¥ofO{
kfpg dfu bfaL u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL xb;Dd Tolt s'/fdf lkm/fbkq btf{ ubf{ nfUg]
cbfntL z'Nssf] yk bz k|ltztsf b/n] cbfntL z'Ns nfUg]5 .
&%= km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] cbfntL z'Ns / b08 hl/afgf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d'2fsf]
s'g} kIfn] z'? txsf] km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg lbFbf jf klxnf] txsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg km};nf pk/ bf];|f] txsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg ubf{ km};nf adf]lhd lghn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{ 7x/]sf] cbfntL
z'Ns bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .

29
 -@_ d'2fsf s'g} kIfn] sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF
egL lgj]bg lbFbf km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fsf] s'g} kIfnfO{
km};nf adf]lhd s'g} b08 hl/afgf nfu]sf] eP To:tf] b08 hl/afgf bflvnf gu/L jf
;f] afkt hdfgt glbO{ s'g} k'g/fj]bgkq jf d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF
egL lbPsf] s'g} lgj]bgkq btf{ x'g] 5}g .
&^= cbfntL z'Ns gubdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df
afx]s cbfntL z'Ns gubdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntL z'Ns Ps nfv
?k}ofFeGbf a9L ePdf a9Ldf Ps jif{;Ddsf] nflu a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd æsÆ ju{sf] O{hfhtkq k|fKt a}Ísf] a}Í hdfgt k]z ug{
;lsg]5 / To:tf] a}Í hdfgtsf] hdfgt cjlw ;dfKt x'g' cufj} d'2f km};nf x'g'
cl3;Dd k|To]s jif{ gjLs/0f u/fpg kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] a}Í Uof/]06Lsf] nflu bfaL ul/Psf] jf
ljaflbt ;DklQ jf To;sf] s'g} c+z /fVg ;lsg] 5}g / Ps jif{sf] cjlw e'QmfgL
x'ge
' Gbf sDtLdf Ps dlxgf cufj} pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd gubd} cbfntL
z'Ns bflvn ug{' kg{]5 . To;/L cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ g;s]df jf cbfntaf6 a}Í
Uof/]06Lsf] /sd c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df To:tf] d'2f bkmf ^$ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntdf cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf x'g cfPdf
;DalGwt sd{rf/L]n] ;f] Joxf]/f gubL ;]|:tfdf cfDbfgL afFwL To;sf] /Ltk"j{ssf] tLg
k|lt /l;b tof/ u/L Ps k|lt cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbO{ csf]{ k|lt
;DalGwt ldl;ndf /fVg' kg]{5 .
&&= gk'u cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ nufpg] M -!_ lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ubf{ jf
lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkqsf] n]vfOaf6 o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd nfUg] cbfntL z'NseGbf
sd cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ NofPsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt
gk'u cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmn] gk'u cbfntL z'Ns t'?Gt bflvnf ug{
g;sL Dofb dfu]]df cbfntn] lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkq lbg] clGtd Dofb ;ft lbg

30
 afFsL eP ;f] cjlwleq / ;f] eGbf sd cjlw eP ;ft lbgleq gk'u cbfntL z'Ns
bflvnf ug{ Nofpg ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lng' kg]{eGbf 36L cbfntL z'Ns lnPsf] jf
a'emfPsf] s'/f lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ul/;s]kl5 s'g} k|sf/af6 cbfntnfO{
yfxf x'g cfPdf jf ;f] ljifodf s;}sf] ph'/L k/L hfFra'em ubf{ ;f] s'/f dgfl;a
b]lvPdf kIf tfl/vdf /x]sf] eP cbfntn] lghnfO{ gk'u b]lvPsf] cbfntL z'Ns ;ft
lbgleq bflvnf ug{ Nofpg tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 / kIf tfl/vdf g/x]sf] eP ;ft
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ gk'u cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ Nofpg Dofb hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] cjlwleq kIfn] cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf
gu/]df To:tf] d'2f cbfntaf6 sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
&*= a9L cbfntL z'Ns lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} kIfaf6 a9L cbfntL z'Ns lnOPsf] s'/f
d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf kIfsf] lgj]bg jf cGo Joxf]/faf6 yfxf x'g cfPdf
cbfntn] a9L cbfntL z'Ns ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lgj]bg k/]sf] jf yfxf x'g cfPsf]
ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq lkmtf{ ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ cbfntL z'Ns a9L bflvnf u/]sf] s'/f d'2f km};nf eO;s]kl5 s'g} tj/n]
yfxf x'g cfPdf ;DalGwt kIfn] To:tf] cbfntL z'Ns lkmtf{ kfpg ;DalGwt
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ lgj]bssf] dfu
dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] cbfntL z'Ns lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq
lgj]bsnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
&(= cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cbfntL z'Ns pk/ ph'/L lbg ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cbfntL z'Ns pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] JolQmn] cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf
u/L g;s]sf] eP tLg lbgleq / cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf u/L ;s]sf] eP d'2fsf] km};nf
x'g' cufj} ;f]xL cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ph'/L hfFra'em ubf{ cbfntL z'Ns a9L
lnPsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwt GofofwLzn] a9L lnPsf] cbfntL z'Ns lkmtf{ ug{ /
hfgLhfgL a9L cbfntL z'Ns lng] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ cfb]z lbg'
kg{]5 .

31
 :ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æhfgLhfgLÆ eGgfn] lkm/fbkq jf
k'g/fj]bgkqsf n]vaf6 jf k|df0faf6 b]lvg cfPsf] d"No jf lauf]sf] o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd cbfntL z'Ns glng] sfd ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ubf{ ph'/Lsf] Joxf]/f e'm§f 7x/]df ;f] ph'/
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hlt cbfntL z'Ns a9L lnof] jf tf]Sof] eGg] bfaL lnPsf] xf] To:tf]
cÍsf] kGw| k|ltztsf] b/n] hl/afgf ug'{ kg{]5 .
*)= 36L cbfntL z'Ns lnP jf a'emfP afkt hl/afgf x'g] M -!_ s;}n] 36L cbfntL z'Ns
a'emfpg] dg;fon] d"No jf lauf] 36fPsf] 5 eGg] nfu]df ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfn] d'2f
/x]sf] cbfntdf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ph'/L hfFra'em ubf{ jf To;/L ph'/L
k|fKt geP klg cbfntaf6} ldl;n hfFra'em ubf{ 36L cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf u/fpg]
dg;fon] d"No jf lauf] 36fPsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] kIfnfO{ 36fPsf] cbfntL
z'Nssf] kGw| k|ltzt hl/afgf u/L gk'u cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/L hfFra'em ubf{ em'§f 7x/]df To:tf]
ph'/Lstf{nfO{ lghn] gk'u cbfntL z'Ns egL bfaL lnPsf] cÍsf] kfFr k|ltzt
hl/afgf x'g]5 .
-$_ cbfntsf] sd{rf/Ln] hfgLhfgL lng' kg]{eGbf sd cbfntL z'Ns lnPsf]
s'/f s;}sf] ph'/L k/L jf cGo s'g} tj/af6 b]lvPdf lgh pk/ sfg"g adf]lhd
ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd 36L cbfntL z'Ns lnPsf] d'2fsf] clGtd k}m;nf
eO;s]sf] jf To:tf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb ;dfKt eO;s]sf] /x]5 / To:tf]
cbfntL z'Ns ;DalGwt kIfaf6 c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df To:tf] cbfntL z'Nssf] lauf]
To;/L sd lng] sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n ul/g]5 .
*!= cbfntL z'Ns hkmt x'g] M cbfntL z'Ns nfu]sf] d'2fdf afbL jf k'g/fj]bsn] d'2f
xf/]df jf d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF egL k/]sf] lgj]bg pk/ sf/afxL
x'Fbf klxnfsf] km};nf ;b/ ePdf lghn] bflvnf u/]sf] cbfntL z'Ns hkmt x'g]5 .
*@= d'2f ldnfkq, l8;ld; jf vf/]h ePdf ug]{ M -!_ cbfntL z'Ns k"/} a'emfO{ btf{ ePsf]
d'2fdf ldnfkq ubf{ ldnfkq afkt z'? txsf] cbfntdf k|df0f a'‰g' cl3 eP kRrL;

32
 k|ltzt / To;kl5 h'g;'s} cj:yf / txdf ldnfkq ubf{ cfwf cbfntL z'Ns lnO{
afFsL cbfntL z'Ns afbL, k'g/fj]bs jf ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntL z'Ns k"/} jf s]xL kl5 lng] u/L btf{ ePsf] d'2fdf ldnfkq ubf{
cbfntn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns afbL jf k'g/fj]bsaf6 lnP/ dfq
ldnfkq ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ cbfntL z'Ns k"/} a'emfO{ btf{ ePsf] d'2f l8;ld; jf vf/]h ePdf afbL
jf k'g/fj]bsnfO{ s'g} ;hfo ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} d'2f l8;ld; jf vf/]h ePdf To:tf] d'2fsf nflu a'emfPsf] cbfntL
z'Ns lkmtf{ x'g] 5}g .
-%_ k"/} jf s]xL cbfntL z'Ns kl5 a'emfpg] u/L btf{ ePsf] d'2f l8;ld; jf
vf/]h ePdf afbL jf k'g/fj]bsaf6 afFsL cbfntL z'Ns c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
t/ d'2f vf/]h ePsf] xsdf lkm/fbkqsf] n]vfOaf6} btf{ x'g g;Sg] lkm/fbkq
btf{ ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] d'2fdf lnOPsf] cbfntL z'Ns lkmtf{ x'g]5 .
-^_ sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ ldnfkq, l8;ld; jf vf/]h ePsf] d'2f kIfsf]
ph'/Laf6 s'g} k|sf/n] hfuL k'gM sf/afxL x'g] ePdf h;sf] ph'/Laf6 d'2f k'gM
sf/afxL x'g] ePsf] xf] lghn] d'2f /x]sf] cbfntdf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd nfUg]
cbfntL z'Ns k'gM bflvn ug'{ kg]{5 .
*#= cbfntL z'Ns e/fO{ lbg] M -!_ cbfntL z'Ns nfu]sf] d'2fdf lhTg] kIfn] a'emfPsf]
cbfntL z'Ns xfg]{ kIfaf6 km};nf adf]lhd e/fO{ lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntL z'Ns e/fpFbf Ps hgfeGbf a9L k|ltafbL
jf k'g/fj]bs eP hlt hgfaf6 hltsf b/n] lauf] e/L kfpg] 7x5{ To:tf] lauf]sf]
lx;fan], xs bfaL 5f8\g' 5'6fpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hlt hgfaf6 hlt xs bfaL 5f8\g'
5'6fpg' kg]{ xf] Tolt g} hgfaf6 ;f]xL lx;fan] / cGo cj:yfdf xfg]{ hlt k|ltafbL jf
k|ToyL{ 5g\ Tolt hgfaf6 ;dfg'kflts lx;fan] cbfntL z'Ns e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s]xL jf k"/} cbfntL z'Ns g/fvL lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] cj:yfdf afbL jf
k'g/fj]bsn] lht] nfUg] 7xl/Psf] cbfntL z'Ns csf]{ kIfaf6 b08 hl/afgf ;/x
c;'n pk/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

33
 -$_ afbL jf k'g/fj]bsn] PseGbf a9L ljifodf bfaL u/]sf]df hlt ljifodf
bfaL k'Ug] 7x5{ Toltsf lx;fan] dfq nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns csf]{ kIfaf6 e/fO{ lng
kfpg]5 .
-%_ s]xL jf k"/} cbfntL z'Ns g/fvL d'2f bfo/ ePsf]df afbL jf k'g/fj]bsn]
d'2f xf/]]df nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns lghx¿af6} c;'n ul/g]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd afbL jf k'g/fj]bsn] cbfntL z'Ns e/L kfpg] km};nf
ePsf]df ;f] e/L gkfpb} k|ltafbL jf k|ToyL{sf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] cbfntL z'Ns
lghsf] ck'tfnL vfg]af6 e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 .
-&_ k'g/fj]bg jf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF eGg] d'2f km};nf
x'Fbf k'g/fj]bs jf lgj]bsn] cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ¿kdf lht]df lghn] lht] hltdf nfUg]
7xl/Psf] cbfntL z'Ns k|ToyL{af6 e/fO{ lng kfpg]5 .
*$= cbfntL z'NsnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ e/fpg' kg]{ M km};nf adf]lhd lauf], b08,
hl/afgf, cbfntL z'Ns nufot cGo b:t'/ jf z'Ns e/fpFbf jf lnFbf cbfntn] klxn]
cbfntL z'Ns e/fpg' jf lng' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–&
lkm/fbkq tyf bfaL k|:t'lt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*%= bfaL k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s;}n] sfg"g adf]lhd bfaL lnPsf] s'/fnfO{ k|rng u/fpg
rfx]df cbfnt ;dIf To:tf] bfaL lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfaL lnFbf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw / zt{
k"/f u/L cbfntdf lkm/fbkq lbg' kg]{5 .
*^= xs k'Ug] ljifodf lkm/fb lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
lkm/fbkq lbFbf cfkm\gf] xs k'Ug] ljifodf dfq bfaL u/L lkm/fbkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s;}n] lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ dfu u/]df
lkm/fbkq btf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g / s'g} sf/0fjz btf{ ePsf] eP tfklg bkmf (! adf]lhd
lbOPsf] lkm/fbkq afx]s cGo lkm/fbkq vf/]h x'g]5 .
*&= Pp6} lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] csf]{ JolQm lj?4 b]jfgL k|s[ltsf] s'g}
bfaL / To;;Fu ;DalGwt hlt;'s} ljifo ePklg To:tf] ljifodf Pp6} lkm/fbkq bfo/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .

34
 -@_ s;}n] Ps}k6s Pp6} lkm/fb lbP x'g] ljifodf ;f] gu/L klxn] lbPsf] d'2fsf]
kl/0ffd ljrf/ u/L To;sf] cfwf/df kl5 lkm/fb lbg cfPdf To:tf] lkm/fb nfUg] 5}g .
**= afbL jf k|ltafbLsf] ;ª\Vofn] c;/ gkg]{ M s'g} Ps ljifosf] bfaLsf] ;DaGwdf s'g}
Ps JolQmn] hlt;'s} JolQm pk/, hlt;'s} JolQmn] s'g} Ps JolQm pk/ jf hlt;'s}
JolQmn] hlt;'s} JolQm pk/ Pp6} lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
*(= Psk6s dfq lkm/fbkq lbg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] Ps} ljifodf bkmf *& adf]lhd
s'g} JolQm pk/ Ps cbfntdf lkm/fbkq lbO{ ;s]kl5 ToxL ljifodf To:tf] cbfnt jf
cGo s'g} cbfntdf To:tf] JolQm pk/ csf]{ lkm/fb lbg ;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ Ps} ljifodf Pp6f kIfn] s'g} Ps cbfntdf, csf]{ kIfn] cGo cbfntdf
jf b'j} kIfn] Pp6} cbfntdf 5'§f5'§} lkm/fbkq lbPdf klxn] btf{ ePsf] lkm/fb
adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL eO{ c? lkm/fbkq vf/]h x'g]5 .
t/ sfg"g adf]lhd b'j} kIfsf] lkm/fb nfUg] jf b'j} kIfn] lkm/fb ug{' kg]{
cj:yfdf b'j} lkm/fbkq pk/ sf/afxL ug{ s'g} afwf kg]{ 5}g .
()= lkm/fbkq xbDofbleq bfo/ ug{' kg]{ M -!_ lkm/fbkq lbFbf cfkm\gf] bfaL ;lxt sfg"g
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] xbDofbleq cbfntdf lkm/fbkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq lbFbf s'g sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xbDofbleq
lkm/fb u/]sf] xf] ;f] s'/f lkm/fbkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L btf{ ug{ NofPsf] lkm/fbkq b/kL7
u/L lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
(!= ;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] ljjfbdf hf];'s}n] lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg] M -!_
o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf
:yfgLo txsf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf]
ljjfbdf cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ h'g;'s} JolQmn] lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'dlt lngsf nflu lkm/fbkq ;Fu} 5'§} lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cg'dltsf nflu lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] lgj]bg k/]sf]
lbgdf g} To:tf] ljifodf lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .

35
(@= xs sfod u/fpg lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg] M cbfntaf6 s'g} d'2f l8;ld;, vf/]h jf cGo
tl/sfn] km};nf ePsf] jf sfg"g adf]lhd ldnfkq ul/Psf] sf/0faf6 t];|f] kIfsf] xs
;d]t k|efljt ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQmn] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq
To:tf] km};nf jf ldnfkq ab/ u/fO{ cfkm\gf] xs sfod u/fO{ dfUg lkm/fbkq lbg
;Sg]5 .
(#= ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg] M -!_ ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 lkm/fbkq
jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg' kbf{ lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq bfo/ ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf]
;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt sfg"g, ljwfg jf lgod adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt ;~rfns,
;~rfns ;ldlt jf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt jf To:tf] x}l;otsf ;ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6
clwsf/ k|fKt k|fs[lts JolQmn] ;f]xL s'/f lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kqdf pNn]v u/L
lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lbFbf lkm/fbkq jf
k|ltpQ/kq lbg] ;DaGwdf To:tf] ;~rfns, ;~rfns ;ldlt jf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
jf To:tf] x}l;otsf ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|lt ;d]t lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq ;fy
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf sfof{no, ;+j}wflgs
lgsfo jf cbfntsf] tkm{af6 lkm/fb jf k|ltpQ/kq bfo/ ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] sfof{no,
lgsfo jf cbfntsf] k|zf;lgs k|d'vsf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 lkm/fbkq jf
k|ltpQ/kq bfo/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
($= km};nf ePsf] ljifodf lkm/fbkq lbg gx'g] M -!_ s'g} ljifodf Ps k6s km};nf
ePkl5 To:tf] km};nf pk/ sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg gu/L ;f]xL ljifodf pxL JolQm
pk/ ;f]xL kIfn] lkm/fbkq lbg ;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L btf{ ePsf] lkm/fbkq vf/]h x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L lbPsf] lkm/fbkqsf] cfwf/df ePsf] km};nf
ab/ x'g]5 .
(%= lkm/fbkqsf] 9fFrf M lkm/fbkq lbFbf cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L lbg'
kg]{5 .

36
(^= lkm/fb bfaL :ki6 x'g' kg]{ M -!_ lkm/fbkq lbFbf afbLn] s'g ljifodf s] s:tf] bfaL
u/]sf] xf] / To:tf] bfaL s'g s'g cfwf/ / k|df0f adf]lhd ul/Psf] xf] ;f] s'/f
ls6fgL;fy lkm/fbkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfaL :ki6 gePsf] / cbfntaf6 s] s:tf] sfd
sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] :ki6 gv'nfOPsf] lkm/fbkq /Ltk"j{s ePsf] dflgg] 5}g /
To:tf] lkm/fbkq btf{ x'g] 5}g .
(&= lkm/fb b:t'/ M lkm/fbkq lbFbf b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF lkm/fb b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
(*= lkm/fbkqsf] btf{ M -!_ s;}n] lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ NofPdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] To:tf]
lkm/fbkq o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /Lt k'u] jf gk'u]sf] tyf lkm/fbdf pNn]v ul/Psf]
;a't k|df0f ;+nUg eP jf gePsf] hfFrL /Lt k'u]sf] b]lvPdf cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf]
bfo/L lstfadf lkm/fbkq btf{ u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq btf{ ug{ NofpFbf lkm/fbkq / k|df0fsf]
k|ltlnlk Ps hgf;Dd k|ltafbL eP b'O{ k|lt / To;kl5sf k|To]s k|ltafbLsf nflu
Ps k|ltsf b/n] lkm/fbkq tyf k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ Psf3/sf k|ltafbL hlt;'s} ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf] ePklg To:tf k|ltafbLsf]
nflu Ps k|lt dfq bflvnf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ lkm/fbjfnfn] Ps k|lteGbf a9L k|lt lkm/fbkq jf k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
bflvnf ubf{ ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 egL n]vL ;xL5fk ;d]t u/L cbfntn]
;f] gSsnnfO{ ;Ssn;Fu ?h' ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ lkm/fbkq /Lt gk'u]sf] ePdf /Lt gk'u]sf]
sf/0f lkm/fbkqdf hgfO{ b/kL7 ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–*
Dofb tyf Dofb tfd]nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
((= afbL cfkm}Fn] Dofb a'emfpg ;Sg] M -!_ afbLn] k|ltafbLnfO{ cfk}mFn] jf lghsf] sfg"g
Joj;foL dfk{mt Dofb a'emfpg rfxL ;f] s'/f lkm/fbkqdf pNn]v u/]sf] eP afbLn] jf
lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s tLg
lbgleq cfkm}Fn] jf sfg"g Joj;foL dfkm{t k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

37
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb
a'emfpFbf lkm/fbkq / lkm/fbkq ;fy ;+nUg k|df0f sfuh eP ;f]sf] Ps Ps k|lt
;d]t a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn]
k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb tyf lkm/fbkq / k|df0fsf] k|lt a'emfpg] k|of]hgsf nflu tfd]n ug]{
Dofb b'O{ k|lt / lkm/fbkq tyf k|df0fsf] k|dfl0ft k|lt cbfntaf6 a'lemlnO{ cg';"rL–$
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf e/kfO{ ul/lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb
a'emfpg NofPdf / k|ltafbLn] To:tf] Dofb a'lemlng' kg]{5 / To;/L a'emL lnPsf]df
/Ltk"j{s Dofb a'emfPsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ To;/L Dofb a'emfpg NofPdf To:tf] ;+:yfn] ;f] Dofb
a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] xsdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] d'Vo sfof{nodf Dofb a'emfPsf]df
pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ /Ltk"j{s Dofb a'emfPsf] dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æd'Vo sfof{noÆ eGgfn] ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf]
/lhi68{ sfof{no eP To:tf] sfof{no / To:tf] sfof{no geP ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf]
sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|ltafbLn] Dofb a'lem;s]kl5 cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf e/kfO{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb
a'emfPsf]df k|ltafbLn] Dofb a'emL ul/lbPsf] e/kfO{ lghn] To;/L Dofb a'emfPsf] ;ft
lbgleq cbfntdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd k|ltafbLn] Dofb a'lemlnO{ e/kfO{ u/LlbPsf] ldltaf6
k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug]{ Dofb sfod x'g]5 .
-(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd afbL jf sfg"g Joj;foLn] k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb a'emfpFbf
lghn] a'lem glnPdf To:tf] afbL jf sfg"g Joj;foLn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb
gf3]sf] b'O{ lbgleq ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bg cbfnt ;dIf k]z ug{' kg{]5 .

38
 -!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLaf6 Dofb tfd]n
x'g g;s]sf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|ltafbLsf] gfddf
Dofb tfd]n ug{' kg{]5 .
!))= k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb hf/L ug]{ M -!_ bkmf (( adf]lhd afbL cfk}mn] jf lghsf] sfg"g
Joj;foL dfkm{t k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb a'emfPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cbfntn] lkm/fbkq btf{
ePsf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug{ k|ltafbLsf] gfddf Dofb hf/L ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Dofb hf/L ubf{ afbLn] cbfntdf btf{ u/fPsf]
lkm/fbkqsf] Ps k|lt / lkm/fb;fy ;+nUg k|df0f ;d]t a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cbfntaf6 Dofb hf/L ePkl5 k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/ k]z ug{'eGbf klxn] g}
lkm/fbkq jf ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhkqsf] gSsn lng lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
sfuhkqsf] k|ltlnlk k|dfl0ft u/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!)!= Dofb lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|ltafbLsf] gfddf Dofb hf/L ubf{
af6fsf] Dofb afx]s PSsfO; lbgsf] cjlw tf]sL To:tf] lkm/fbkqsf ;DaGwdf k|ltjfb
jf k|lt/Iff ug{sf] nflu cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !@# adf]lhd
cbfntn] k|ltafbL sfod u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ Dofb lbFbf af6fsf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgsf]
Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
!)@= Dofb tfd]n ug{ nufpg] M -!_ bkmf !)! adf]lhd cbfntn] Dofb hf/L ubf{ tLg k|lt
Dofb ;"rgf tof/ u/L ;DalGwt clws[tn] b:tvt u/L cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ tfd]n
ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g
Joj;foL dfkm{t Dofb tfd]n ug{ b'O{ k|lt Dofb ;"rgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd Dofb hf/L ubf{ cbfntn] k|ltafbL agfOPsf
Psf3/df /x] a;]sf JolQmnfO{ Ps k|lt / ;f] afx]s c? k|ltafbLsf] xsdf k|To]s
k|ltafbLsf] nflu Ps Ps k|ltsf b/n] lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt Dofb tfd]n ug]{ jf
u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .

39
!)#= Dofbsf] 9fFrf M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|ltafbLsf] gfddf Dofb hf/L ubf{ cg';"rL–
^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|ltafbL afx]s cGo JolQmsf gfddf Dofb hf/L ubf{ cg';"rL–&
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)$= tfd]nbf/n] Dofb tfd]n ug{' kg]{ M -!_ tfd]nbf/n] cbfntaf6 a'em]sf] Dofb af6f]sf]
Dofb afx]s ;fwf/0ftof ;ft lbgleq tfd]n ug{' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ætfd]nbf/Æ eGgfn] cbfntaf6 hf/L
ePsf] Dofb ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ a'emfO{ tfd]n ug{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] jf vl6Psf]
sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq Dofb tfd]n x'g g;s]df lghn] To;sf]
sf/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt cbfntdf lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] k|ltj]bg em'§f
b]lvPdf lghnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL x'g ;Sg]5 .
!)%= Dofb tfd]nL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ cbfntn] Dofb tfd]n ug{sf] nflu tfd]n ug'{
kg]{ Dofbsf] tLg k|lt tof/ u/L tfd]nbf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfd]nbf/n] Dofb a'lem;s] kl5 lghn] ;DalGwt
JolQm lrg]sf] eP ;f] s'/f pNn]v u/L lghnfO{ hxfF;'s} km]nf kf/] klg Dofb a'emfpg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt JolQm km]nf gk/]df tfd]nbf/n] lghsf]
a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgfdf uO{ 3/ jf 8]/f kQf nufO{ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] klxrfg u/L
:yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f cWoIf, j8f ;b:o, ;lrj jf s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/L /
sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo JolQm /f]xa/df /fvL Dofb tfd]n u/]sf] ldlt n]vL
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f] Dofb a'emfO{ e/kfO{ u/L lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ Dofb hf/L ePsf] JolQm k]mnf gk/]df cbfntn] pkbkmf
-#_ sf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L To:tf] JolQmsf] Psf3/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] cGo s;}nfO{ Dofb
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt JolQm jf lghsf] Psf3/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf]
s'g} JolQm klg km]nf gk/]df jf km]nf k/] klg Dofb a'emL glnPdf tfd]nbf/n] pkbkmf

40
-#_ df n]lvPsf JolQmsf] /f]xa/df To:tf] JolQmn] a;f]af; u/]sf] 3/sf] b}nf]df ;a}n]
b]Vg] 7fpFdf 6fF;L ;f]xL Joxf]/f Dofbdf pNn]v u/L tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag u/L Dofb
tfd]n ubf{ cbfntdf bflvn ug]{ Dofbsf] kL7df s'g JolQmnfO{ s] s:tf] sfo{ljlw k"/f
u/L Dofb a'emfO{ jf Dofb 6fF; u/L tfd]n ePsf] xf] ;f] ldlt / ;do pNn]v u/L
a'emfPsf] jf 6fFl;Psf avt pkbkmf -#_ df pNn]lvt JolQmx¿ ;d]tsf] k|i6 a'lemg]
u/L ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd tfd]n ul/Psf] Dofbsf] k|ltdf tfd]nbf/n] cfkm\gf]
;xL5fk u/L To;sf] k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] Dofbsf] k|lt cbfntdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd 3/ b}nfdf 6fF;L Dofb tfd]n ul/Psf] eP
tfd]nbf/n] To:tf] Dofb ;"rgfsf] t];|f] k|ltdf ;f]sf] tfd]nL ldlt / ;do hgfO{
;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf a'emfO{ ;f]sf] 5'§} e/kfO{ u/fO{ lnO{ jf tfd]nL k|ltsf] kL7df
;f] s'/f hgfO{ :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f cWoIf, ;b:o, ;lrj jf s'g} ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf]] ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd tfd]nbf/n] Dofb a'emfPsf]df ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txn] t'?Gt To:tf] Dofb cfkm\gf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g' kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd 3/ b}nf]df 6fF; ul/Psf] Dofbsf] k|lt ;DalGwt
:yfgLo txnfO{ ga'emfPsf] jf :yfgLo txn] cfk"mn] kfPsf] Dofb cfkm\gf] ;"rgf
kf6Ldf g6fF;]sf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt JolQmsf] 3/ b}nf]df Dofb
/Ltk"j{s 6fFl;Psf] eP sfg"g;Ddt 9Ëaf6 Dofb tfd]n ul/Psf] dflgg]5 .
-!!_ s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} d'2fsf ;DaGwdf Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ To:tf]
;+:yfsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no, k|wfg sfof{no jf sf/f]af/sf] d'Vo sfof{nodf To; avt
d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] JolQm pknAw gePdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] To:tf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t
s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ Dofb a'emfO{ tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æd'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQmÆ eGgfn] ;Ël7t
;+:yfsf] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] ;+:yfsf] cWoIf,

41
pkfWoIf, ;lrj, k|aGw ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, dxfk|aGws jf sDkgLsf] xsdf
sDkgL ;lrj ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-!@_ pkbkmf -!!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L sfof{no,
;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf cbfntsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n ubf{ To:tf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v,
k|zf;sLo k|d'v jf To:tf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L jf lghsf] lgldQ eO{
sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/L / To:tf] s'g} kbflwsf/L pknAw x'g g;s]df ;f]xL s'/f pNn]v
u/L To:tf] sfof{no, lgsfo jf cbfntdf Dofb a'emfO{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!#_ s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cbfnt, s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yf jf
To;sf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf ;f] x}l;otdf Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ To:tf]
sfof{no, lgsfo, cbfnt jf ;+:yf jf To;sf kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ tfd]n
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkbkmf -!!_, -!@_ / -!#_ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] sf/0f
;lxt tfd]nbf/n] ;DalGwt cbfntdf tLg lbgleq k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!$_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k]z x'g cfPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
sfof{no, lgsfo, cbfnt jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf jf To;sf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf]
gfddf ;f] x}l;otdf x'nfs dfkm{t Dofb tfd]n ug{] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!^_ pkbkmf -!%_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] sfof{no, lgsfo, cbfnt
jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf jf To;sf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;f] x}l;otdf Dofb k7fpFbf
;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt cbfntaf6 /lhi6«/L kq k7fO{ tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!&_ pkbkmf -!^_ adf]lhd x'nfsåf/f k7fPsf] Dofbsf] lkmtL{ /l;b cbfntdf
bflvn ePkl5 ;f] Dofb cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-!*_ s'g} :yfgLo txsf] If]qleq a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmsf] 3/ w'/L jf Ans gDa/
sfod eO{ qmda4 ¿kdf clÍt u/L clen]v sfod ul/Psf] ePdf ;f] 7fpFdf jf
To:tf JolQmn] cfkm\gf] sf/f]af/, Joj;fo jf s'g} ljifodf x'nfsåf/f Dofb tfd]n ug{
;Sg] u/L cbfntn] d~h'/L lbPsf] /x]5 eg] o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg cbfntn] ;f] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;Sg]5 .

42
 -!(_ s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cbfnt jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf]
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb pkbkmf
-@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_ adf]lhd tfd]n ug{ g;lsPsf] eGg] ;DalGwt tfd]nbf/sf]
k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!#_ jf -!%_ adf]lhd Dofb
tfd]n ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@)_ pkbkmf -!(_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd
;DalGwt JolQmsf] gfdsf] Dofb ;"rgf tfd]n ug]{5 .
-@!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fsf kIf ljkIfn]
s'g} lnvt, ;DalGwt ljifo jf sf/f]af/sf] ljifodf Pscsf{nfO{ ;"rgf ug{ jf
ljjfbsf] ;DaGwdf Dofb k7fpg Od]n, km\ofS; h:tf ljB'tLo ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg
ug]{ 7]ufgfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] eP cbfntn] To:tf] 7]ufgfdf ljB'tLo ;"rgf dfkm{t
Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@@_ o; bkmfsf ljleGg pkbkmfdf plNnlvt sfo{ljlw cjnDag ubf{ klg
;DalGwt JolQmsf] gfddf Dofb tfd]n x'g g;s]sf] Joxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bg tfd]nbf/af6
k|fKt ePdf / k|ltj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] JolQmsf] gfdsf]
Dofb /fli6«o :t/sf b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg u/L Dofb tfd]n ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-@#_ pkbkmf -@@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df ;f]xL cfb]z adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n
ul/g]5 .
-@$_ pkbkmf -@@_ adf]lhd /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg u/L Dofb
tfd]n ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ ;DalGwt kIfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
!)^= cbfntdf g} Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf !)% jf !)& df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg tfd]nbf/n] b]xfosf JolQmsf gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb To:tf] JolQmnfO{
cbfntdf g} a'emfO{ tfd]n ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt cbfntsf sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/L eP lgh cbfntdf
xflh/ x'Fbf,
-v_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf csf]{ s'g} d'2fdf tfl/vdf /x]sf] kIf eP
To:tf] kIf cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbf,

43
 -u_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf /x]sf] s'g} d'2fdf s'g} kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ jfl/; eP To;/L k|ltlglwTj u/L cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbf,
-3_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf sfg"g Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf pkl:yt x'g]
sfg"g Joj;foL eP To:tf] Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'Fbf,
-ª_ ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf pkl:yt ePsf] JolQm eP ;f] x}l;otdf
cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf JolQmnfO{ tfd]nbf/n] lgh ;DalGwt cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'Fbfsf avt Dofb a'emfpg NofPdf lghn] a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a'emfpg NofPsf] Dofb s'g} JolQmn] a'lemlng g;lsg]
hgfp lbPdf tfd]nbf/n] ;f] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg cbfntnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] k|ltj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf
cbfntn] To:tf] JolQmsf] xsdf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] To:tf] Dofb lghn]
ga'em];Dd ;f] cbfntdf lghn] jf/];sf] x}l;otdf k|ltlglwTj ug{, tfl/v lng, sfg"g
Joj;fo ug{ jf ;fIfLsf] x}l;otdf askq ug{ gkfpg] u/L /f]s nufpg] cfb]z ug]{5
.
!)&= Dofb tfd]n ePsf] dflgg] M -!_ cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} klg 7fpFdf jf lghsf] 7]ufgfdf a'emfO{ jf o; P]g adf]lhd
cGo s'g} klxrfg ug{ ;lsg] pkfoåf/f lghnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPdf Dofb tfd]n ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Dofb k|fKt ug]{ JolQm
cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ cfkm}Fn] Dofb a'lemlng lgj]bg u/]df lghnfO{ cbfntdf g}
Dofb a'emfpg' kg]{5 / To;/L Dofb a'emfPsf]df /Ltk"j{s Dofb a'emfPsf] dflgg]5 .
!)*= tfd]nbf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ubf{ :yfgLo
txsf ;DalGwt j8f cWoIf, ;b:o, ;lrj jf s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / :yfgLo
JolQmn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] 3/åf/ vf]hL, b]vfO{, lrgfO{, klxrfg u/fO{ Dofb tfd]n ug{
cfjZos kg{] ;a} ;xof]u u/L To:tf] Dofb tfd]nL ubf{ ;fIfL a;L ;xL5fk u/L Dofb
tfd]n ug{] sfddf tfd]nbf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .

44
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Dofb tfd]n ubf{ :yfgLo
txsf ;DalGwt j8f cWoIf, ;b:o, ;lrj jf s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / cGo :yfgLo
JolQmn] ;fIfL a;L tfd]n ug{ ;xof]u gu/]sf] jf ;xof]u ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] sf/0fn]
dfq cGo sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] Dofb a]/Ltsf] x'g] 5}g .
!)(= c;xof]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;hfo x'g] M bkmf !)* adf]lhd ;xof]u ug{] st{Jo ePsf]
JolQmn] Dofb tfd]n ubf{ s'g} ;xof]u gu/]sf] eGg] tfd]nbf/sf] k|ltj]bg k|f Kt ePdf
/ To:tf] k|ltj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] To;/L ;xof]u gug{]
JolQmnfO{ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!)= tfd]n ul/Psf] Dofb hfFRg' kg]{ M tfd]nbf/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n u/L
k|ltj]bg lbgf ;fy cbfntsf] ;DalGwt clws[t sd{rf/Ln] To:tf]] Dofb /Ltk"j{s
tfd]n ePsf] 5 jf 5}g hfFr u/L /Lt k"j{s tfd]n ePsf] b]lvPdf ;f] k|dfl0ft u/L
ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!!= k'gM tfd]n ug{ nufpg] M -!_ bkmf !!) adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ Dofb
tfd]n u/L NofPsf] gb]lvPdf jf To:tf] Dofb tfd]nLsf] ;DaGwdf s;}sf] ph'/ k/L
a'em\bf a]/Lt;Fu Dofb tfd]n ePsf] jf tfd]n g} gePsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] k'gM /Lt
k'¥ofO{ tfd]n ug{ ;DalGwt tfd]nbf/ jf csf]{ tfd]nbf/nfO{ cfb]z lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] tfd]nbf/n] o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd k'gM Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!@= tfd]n ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hl/afgf x'g] M tfd]nbf/n] ;DalGwt JolQm km]nf gk/L 3/
b}nf]df 6fF; ul/Psf] Dofbsf] t];|f] k|lt ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf ga'emfPdf To;/L
ga'emfpg] tfd]nbf/nfO{ k6s} lkR5] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf]
tfd]nbf/nfO{ ;DalGwt cbfntn] ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;d]t cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!#= jf/]; jf sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} JolQmnfO{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ Dofb a'lemlng
lghaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
Dofb ;f] jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .

45
 -@_ bkmf !)^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ / o; bkmf adf]lhd jfl/;
jf sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ Dofb tfd]n ubf{ cg';"rL–* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf e/kfO{
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kIfsf] jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ jf clws[t
jfl/; lgo'Qm ePsf] d'2fdf ;DalGwt clws[t jfl/;nfO{ Dofb a'emfPdf jf tfd]n
u/]df o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /Ltk"j{s Dofb a'emfPsf] jf tfd]n u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
!!$= 3/ 7]ufgf kQf gnfu]sf JolQmsf] gfdsf] Dofbsf] tfd]nL M -!_ bkmf !)% df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn] 3/ 7]ufgf kQf gePsf] JolQmsf] gfdsf] Dofb
;"rgf tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ To:tf] JolQmsf] ufpF, zx/ / 6f]n n]lvPsf] eP ;f]xL 7]ufgfdf
/ ufpF, zx/ / 6f]n klg kQf gnfu]sf] eP ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{ cbfntsf] ;"rgf
kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L /fli6«o:t/sf b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L Dofb tfd]n ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd klqsf dfkm{t Dofb tfd]n ePsf]df /Ltk"j{s Dofb
tfd]nL ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!!%= Onfsf aflx/sf] JolQmsf] Dofb tfd]nL M -!_ d'2f k/]sf] cbfntsf] k|fb]lzs
If]qflwsf/eGbf aflx/ /x] a;]sf] JolQmsf] gfdsf] Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ To:tf]
cbfntsf] cfb]z ;fy lgh /x] a;]sf] Onfsfdf k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/ ePsf] cbfntdf
Dofb ;lxtsf] ;"rgfsf] cfjZos k|lt k7fpg' kg]{5 / To;/L k7fpFbf ljB'tLo
dfWodsf] ;d]t k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd csf{] cbfntaf6 Dofb ;lxtsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePdf
To:tf] cbfntn] klg o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ Dofb tfd]n u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ePkl5 To:tf] cbfntn] To:tf] Dofb
;DalGwt cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!!^= a]l/t;Fu Dofb tfd]n ug]{, u/fpg] jf afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ ;hfo x'g] M b]xfosf sfo{
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt tfd]nbf/sf] k|ltj]bg jf s;}sf] ph'/Lsf] cfwf/df sf/afxL
k|f/De u/L cbfntn] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j}
;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf] Dofb dgfl;a sf/0f ljgf tfd]n gu/fPdf,

46
 -v_ em'§f Joxf]/f n]vfO{ jf em'§f Joxf]/f kf/L Dofb tfd]n u/] jf u/fPdf,
-u_ Dofb ;"rgf tfd]n ug{ afwf lj/f]w u/]df,
-3_ 6fF;]sf] Dofb Roft] jf pSsfPdf .
!!&= a]/Ltsf] Dofb ab/ x'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L Dofb tfd]n
gePsf] jf Dofb g} tfd]n gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf d'2f lsgf/f x'g' cl3 hlxn] ;'s} klg
d'2fsf] kIfn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a /x]sf] cbfntaf6
7x/ ePdf a]/Lt;Fu tfd]n ePsf] Dofb ab/ u/L k'gM Dofb tfd]n ug{ jf ;DalGwt
kIfnfO{ Dofb a'lemlng cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd tfd]n u/L NofPsf] Dofb cbfntn] hfFRbf /Lt gk'¥ofO{ tfd]n u/L NofPsf]
b]lvPdf To:tf] Dofb ab/ u/L k'gM /Lt k'¥ofO{ tfd]n ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
!!*= k|ltpQ/kq ;/xsf] k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f
gu/L a]/Lt;Fu Dofb tfd]n u/]sf] sf/0f d'2fdf k|lt/Iff ug{ jf k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug{
gkfO{ cfkm\gf] lj?4df tNnf] cbfntaf6 PstkmL{ km};nf ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L
To:tf] km};nf ePsf] 5 dlxgfleqdf yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq ;DalGwt
k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq ;/xsf] k'g/fj]bg ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltpQ/kq ;/xsf] k'g/fj]bg k|fKt ePdf k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntn] ;f] k'g/fj]bgkq pk/ ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ cl3 lkm/fbkqdf k|ltafbL agfOPsf
jf cbfntn]] bkmf !@# adf]lhd k|ltafbL sfod u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ /Ltk"j{s Dofb
tfd]n eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ k|ltafbL jf cbfntn] bkmf !@#
adf]lhd k|ltafbL sfod u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ /Ltk"j{s Dofb tfd]n gu/]sf] eGg] k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntaf6 7x/ ePdf To:tf] d'2fdf tNnf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] PstkmL{ km};nf
ab/ u/L k'g/fj]bgkqnfO{ g} k|ltpQ/kq sfod u/L sfg"g adf]lhd d'2fsf] k'gM
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ tNnf] cbfntnfO{ cfb]z lbO{ d'2fsf] ldl;n To:tf]
cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

47
 -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 cfb]z ;lxtsf] ldl;n
k|fKt ePdf ;DalGWft cbfntn] To:tf] ldl;n k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbgleq af6f]sf] Dofb
afx]s ;ft lbgsf] Dofb afbLsf gfddf tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ePsf]df Dofbleq afbL xflh/ eP jf
Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 sfg"g adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–(
k|ltpQ/kq tyf k|ltbfaL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!!(= k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ kl/R5]b–* adf]lhd k|ltafbLnfO{ Dofb tfd]n ePsf]
ldltn] PSsfO{; lbgleq k|ltafbLn] ;DalGwt cbfntdf k|ltpQ/kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlweGbf kl5 k]z ug{ NofPsf] k|ltpQ/kq btf{ x'g] 5}g / btf{ ePsf] eP klg
To:tf] k|ltpQ/kqnfO{ cbfntn] :jLsf/ ug]{ 5}g .
!@)= k|ltpQ/kqsf] 9fFrf M k|ltpQ/kq lbFbf cg';"rL–( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L lbg'
kg]{5 .
!@!= k|ltbfaL k]z ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ k|ltpQ/kq k]z ubf{ k|ltafbLn] afbL lj?4 s'g} bfaL
lng rfx]df To:tf] bfaL lng ;Sg]5 / lghn] To:tf] bfaL lnPdf k|ltbfaL lnPsf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltbfaL lkm/fb bfaLsf] ljifodf ;Lldt /x]sf] /
To:tf] k|ltbfaL k|ltpQ/kqdf g} pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltbfaL lnOPsf]df Ps hgf;Dd afbL eP b'O{ k|lt
/ To;kl5sf k|To]s afbLsf nflu Ps k|ltsf b/n] k|ltpQ/kqsf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
t/ Psf3/sf afbL hlt;'s} ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf] ePklg To:tf afbLsf] nflu Ps
k|lt dfq k|ltpQ/kqsf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf b'O{k|lt k|ltpQ/kqdWo] Psk|lt
k|ltpQ/kq cbfntn] k|ltpQ/kq k]z eP nut} kl5 cbfntaf6 lgwf{l/t tfl/vsf
lbg pkl:yt x'g] afbL jf lghsf] jfl/;nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

48
 -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|ltpQ/kq a'emfPsf] kGw| lbgleq afbLn] k|ltbfaL
:jLsf/ u/]sf] jf OGsf/ u/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] lnlvt k|ltjfb cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/
;/xsf] aofg cbfnt ;dIf lbFbf lghn] k|ltbfaL ;d]t lnPsf] eP cbfntn] To:tf]
aofgsf] clen]vsf] Ps k|lt afbLnfO{ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ k|ltafbLn] o; bkmf adf]lhd k|ltbfaL lnPsf]df cbfntn] k|ltbfaL lng]
kIfnfO{ ;ft lbgleq kl/R5]b– ^ adf]lhdsf] cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ug{ cfb]z lbg]5
/ To;/L lbPsf] cfb]z adf]lhd k|ltafbLn] cbfntL z'Ns a'emfPsf]df dfq lghsf]
k|ltbfaL sfod x'g]5 .
!@@= k|ltpQ/kq btf{ ug]{ M -!_ k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq btf{ ug{ NofPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
k|ltpQ/kq Dofbleq k/] jf gk/]sf] / /Ltk"j{s eP jf gePsf] hfFrL Dofbleq k/]sf]
/ /Ltk"j{s ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] k|ltpQ/kq btf{ u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cg';"rL–#
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf To;sf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltpQ/kq hfFr ubf{ Dofb gf3L NofPsf] jf /Lt
gk'u]sf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f k|ltpQ/kqdf v'nfO{ b/kL7 ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
!@#= cbfntn] k|ltafbL sfod ug]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf lkm/fbkq gk/] klg
s'g} d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ubf{ s'g} JolQmsf] xs, lxt, bfaL jf ;/f]sf/
k|efljt x'g] b]lvPdf, afbLn] k]z u/]sf] lkm/fbkqdf jf k|ltafbLn] k]z u/]sf]
k|ltpQ/kqsf] n]vfOaf6 lkm/fb bfaL lnPsf] ljifodf cGo JolQmsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf
/x]sf] b]lvg cfPdf jf cGo s'g} dgfl;a sf/0fn] s'g} JolQm;Fu s]xL s'/f a'em\g' kg]{
ePdf cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] JolQmnfO{ a'em\g cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmnfO{ a'em\g' k/]df af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft
lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L lbOPsf] Dofbleq To:tf] JolQm cbfntdf pkl:yt
ePdf lghsf] aofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a'lemPsf] JolQmn] k|df0f v'nfO{ aofg lbg rfx]df
cbfntn] lghsf] aofg clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 / lghn] lnlvt ¿kdf hjfkm k]z ug{
rfx]df ;ft lbgdf ga9fO{ dgfl;a ;do lbO{ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ cfb]z ug{'
kg]{5 .

49
 -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] aofg jf lnlvt hjfkmaf6 lkm/fb bfaLsf]
ljifodf To:tf] JolQmsf] klg ;/f]sf/ jf ;+nUgtf /x]sf] b]lvPdf jf cbfntaf6
km};nf ubf{ lghsf] xs, lxt, bfaL jf ;/f]sf/ ;d]t k|efljt x'g] ePdf cbfntn]
lghnfO{ k|ltafbL ;/x tfl/vdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmn] k]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkm jf u/fPsf]
aofgaf6 To:tf] JolQm k|df0f ;/x dfq b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] lghnfO{ tfl/vdf
/fVg' kg]{ 5}g .
!@$= k|ltafbL sfod x'g lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntdf k|ltpQ/ btf{ ePkl5 km};nf
x'g' cufj} lkm/fbkqdf k|ltafbL agfOPsf] afx]ssf cGo s'g} JolQmn] rfx]df
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg s'g} d'2fdf cfˆgf] xs, lxt, bfaL jf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] / To:tf]
d'2f km};nf x'Fbf cfˆgf] xs, lxt, bfaL jf ;/f]sf/ ;d]t k|efljt x'g] cfwf/ / sf/0f
v'nfO{ To:tf] d'2fdf cfkm"nfO{ ;d]t k|ltafbL sfod ug{ cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf
cbfntn] lghnfO{ ;d]t k|ltafbL sfod u/L ;f] d'2fsf afbL / cGo k|ltafbLnfO{
To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ o;/L sfod ePsf] k|ltafbLn] afbL lj?4 k|ltbfaL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
!@%= k|ltpQ/kq b:t'/ M k|ltpQ/kq k]z ubf{ b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!)
b/kL7 ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!@^= lnvt hfFr ug'{ kg]{ M cbfntdf btf{ ug{ NofPsf] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq
jf d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf bfo/ x'g] lgj]bgkqsf] lnvt k|fKt x'gf;fy
;DalGwt clws[tn] To:tf] lnvt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] 9fFrf ldn] jf gldn]sf], xbDofb
jf Dofbleq eP jf gePsf], cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qleq eP jf gePsf], v'nfpg' kg]{
Joxf]/f v'nfPsf] jf gv'nfPsf], n]vfO, k|:t'tL jf pNn]vgdf cz'l4, ck"0f{ jf cÍ /
cIf/df km/s k/] jf gk/]sf] / To:tf] lnvt cGo s'g} sf/0fn] a]/Ltsf] eP jf
gePsf] hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 .

50
!@&= /Lt gk'u]sf] lnvt ;Rofpg df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !@^ adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ To:tf]
lnvt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] 9fFrf gldn]sf], v'nfpg' kg]{ Joxf]/f gv'nfPsf], n]vfO{,
k|:t'tL jf pNn]vgdf cz'l4 jf ck"0f{ ePsf] jf cÍ jf cIf/df km/s k/]sf] h:tf
q'l6 b]lvPdf / To:tf q'l6x¿ ;RofO{ NofPdf To:tf] lnvt btf{ ug{ ldNg] ePdf
;DalGwt clws[tn] /Lt k'¥ofO{ jf ;RofO{ Nofpg' kg]{ Joxf]/f ;DalGwt lnvtdf n]vL
ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ b/kL7 u/L e/kfO{ u/fO{ ;DalGwt
JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnvt b/kL7 ePsf]df tLg lbgeGbf a9L xbDofb jf
Dofb afFsL /x]5 eg] afFsL /x]sf] xbDofb jf Dofbleq / tLg lbgeGbf sd xbDofb
jf Dofb afFsL /x]5 eg] b/kL7 ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /Lt k'¥ofO{ jf ;RofO{ btf{
ug{ NofPdf ;DalGwt clws[tn] To:tf] lnvt btf{ ug]{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] lnvt btf{ ug'{
kg]{5 .
!@*= lnvt b/kL7 ug'{ kg]{ M bkmf !@^ adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ To:tf] lnvt xbDofb jf
Dofbleq gePsf], ;DalGwt cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qleq gkg]{, cbfntn] x]g{ gkg]{ jf
gx'g] jf sfg"g ljk/Lt ePsf] sf/0f btf{ ug{ gldNg] b]lvPdf ;DalGwt clws[tn]
b/kL7 u/L cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ e/kfO{ u/fO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!@(= cbfntdf clen]v /fVg] M bkmf !@& adf]lhd lkmtf{ lbPsf] jf bkmf !@* adf]lhd
b/kL7 ul/Psf] lnvtsf] Ps k|lt cbfntdf clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
!#)= b/kL7 cfb]z pk/ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf !@* adf]lhd ;DalGwt clws[tn]
b/kL7 u/]sf] ljifodf lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn] b/kL7 ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq To:tf]
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;dIf / GofofwLz :jo+n] b/kL7 u/]sf] eP k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfnt ;dIf lghn] k]z u/]sf] lnvt btf{ ug]{ cfb]z dfu u/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq b/kL7 u/]sf]
ljifo ;DalGwt cbfntsf GofofwLzn] jf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] sfg"g ;Ddt eP
jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z lbg' cl3 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] s}lkmot
tna u/L jf gu/L To:tf] b/kL7 sfg"g ;Ddt eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;'g'jfO{ ug{

51
 ;Sg]5 / ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ sfg"g ;Ddt ePsf] gb]lvPdf b/kL7 u/L btf{ ug{ dfu
ul/Psf] lnvt btf{ ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] cfb]z k|fKt u/]] kl5 b/kL7
ug]{ kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] lnvt ;f]xL lbg btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ To:tf] b/kL7 sfg"g ;Ddt g} ePsf]
b]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] lgj]bg pk/sf] sf/afxL
cGTo ePsf] cfb]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!!
k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!#!= xsb}of, xbDofb jf clwsf/If]q gePsf] lhls/ lng ;Sg] M k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq
k]z ubf{ b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a} ljifodf lhls/ lng rfx]df To:tf] ljifo k|ltpQ/kqdf
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ afbLnfO{ d'2f bfo/ ug]{ xsb}of gePsf],
-v_ lkm/fbkq xbDofbleq bfo/ gePsf],
-u_ h'g cbfntdf lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] 5 ;f]xL cbfntnfO{ lkm/fb bfaLsf
;DaGwdf sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/If]q gePsf] .
!#@= k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq lbFbf bkmf !#! df plNnlvt
s'g} jf ;a} ljifosf] lhls/ lnPdf cbfntn] To; d'2fdf k|df0f a'em\g], ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ jf
lsgf/f ug]{ sf/afxL k|f/De ug'{ cl3 To:tf] ljifodf k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ afbL / k|ltafbLsf] tf/]v
ldnfg ePkl5sf] csf]{ tfl/vsf lbg k|ltafbLn] lhls/ lnPsf] laifodf ;Lldt /xL
cbfntn] k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fdf
afbLnfO{ lkm/fbkq btf{ ug]{ xsb}of eP jf gePsf], xbDofbleq lkm/fbkq btf{ eP jf
gePsf] jf cbfntnfO{ To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/If]q eP
jf gePsf] ljifodf lg?k0f u/L cfb]z jf lg0f{o ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ k|ltpQ/kqjfnfn] xsb}of
gePsf], xbDofbleq lkm/fbkq gk/]sf] jf cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ gePsf] ;DaGwdf

52
 lnPsf] lhls/ dgfl;a gb]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf] sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{5 .
!##= d'2f vf/]h ePdf sf/afxL cGTo x'g] M -!_ bkmf !#@ adf]lhd k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ubf{
To:tf] d'2fdf lkm/fbkq btf{ ug]{ xsb}of gePsf], xbDofbleq d'2f bfo/ gePsf] jf
h'g cbfntdf lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] 5 To; cbfntnfO{ To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/If]q g/x]sf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f vf/]h ug]{
km};nf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2f vf/]h ug]{ km};nf ePdf To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL
cGTo x'g]5 .
!#$= lg?k0f ePsf] ljifosf] lhls/ lng gkfOg] M -!_ bkmf !#@ adf]lhd cfb]z ubf{
cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fdf lkm/fbkq btf{ ug]{ xsb}of ePsf], xbDofbleq d'2f bfo/
ePsf] jf To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/If]q To:tf] cbfntnfO{
ePsf] cfb]z u/]df k|ltafbLn] To; d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg tyf
k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbFbf ;f]xL ljifodf k'g lhls/ lng ;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L lhls/ lnP klg To; pk/ ;'g'jfO{
x'g] 5}g .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn] bkmf !#@
sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u/]sf] cfb]z pk/ bkmf !%& adf]lhd / lg0f{o pk/ bkmf
@)% adf]lhd ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg jf k'/fj]bg ug{
;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!@
tfl/v ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!#%= tfl/vdf /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ sfg"g jf cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd tfl/vdf a:g' gkg]{
cj:yfdf afx]s cbfntn] d'2fsf k|To]s kIfnfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntn] afbL / k|ltafbL b'j} kIfsf] k|df0f a'emL ;s]kl5 s'g} kIfn]
rfx]df cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ tfl/vdf ga:g klg ;Sg]5 .

53
!#^= Ps} lbgsf] tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{ M -!_ kIfx¿ tfl/vdf a;]sf]df cbfntn] b'j} kIfnfO{ Ps}
lbgsf] tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntn] lkm/fbkq btf{ ePkl5 afbLnfO{ k|ltpQ/kq bflvnf x'g] Dofbsf]
c8\sn u/L k|ltpQ/kq kg]{ jf kg{ ;Sg] cjlw s6fO{ tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]s]sf] lbg k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq k]z u/]sf]
lbg;Fu d]n gvfPdf To;kl5sf] tfl/v afbL / k|ltafbL b'j}nfO{ Ps} lbg x'g] u/L
tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
!#&= tfl/v tf]Sbf k|of]hg pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] tfl/v tf]Sbf s] sf/0f /
k|of]hgsf] nflu tfl/v tf]s]sf] xf] / To:tf] tfl/v tf]s]sf] lbg s'g sfd ;Dkfbg x'g]
xf] To:tf] Joxf]/f tfl/v krf{ / tfl/v lstfadf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg cbfntn] To; k|of]hgsf
nflu tf]lsPsf] sfd ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dgfl;a sf/0f k/L
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg lgwf{l/t sfd ;Dkfbg x'g g;s]df jf sfd ;Dkfbg ug{
;dofefjn] gEofpg] ePdf cbfntn] tfl/v e/kfO{df To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ csf]{
tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ tfl/v lstfj / tfl/v krf{ qmdzM cg';"rL–!) / cg';"rL–!! adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
!#*= tfl/v h'wfpg gx'g] M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; lbPsf] d'2fdf afx]s s'g} kIfsf] d'2f
k/]sf]] cbfntb]lv kGw| lsnf]ld6/ -sl/a rf/ sf]z_ aflx/sf] csf]{ cbfntdf klg d'2f
k/]sf] ePdf To; s'/f To:tf] kIfn] d'2f k/]sf] cbfntnfO{ lgj]bg u/L hfgsf/L
u/fPsf] eP cbfntn] kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]Sbf To; s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L csf]{ cbfntdf
/x]sf] d'2fsf] tfl/v;Fu gh'Wg] u/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQm Ps} cbfntdf Pp6} afbL jf k|ltafbL ePsf] PseGbf a9L
d'2fdf tfl/vdf a;]df lghn] To:tf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ Ps} lbg tfl/v tf]Sg cbfntdf
lgj]bg u/]df cbfntn] ;Dej eP;Dd ;a} d'2fsf] nflu Ps} lbg tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .

54
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf d'2fsf] kIf cbfntsf] s'g}
Ps kmfF6df tfl/vdf xflh/ ePdf ;f]xL kmfF6sf cGo d'2fsf] tfl/vdf klg lgh
pkl:yt /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ tfl/v tf]lsPsf] lbg d'2fsf] s'g} kIf cbfntdf pkl:yt ePdf cbfntn]
cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhdsf] tfl/v e/kfO{df lghsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ lghsf] pkl:ylt
hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd s'g} kIf cbfntdf pkl:yt gePdf lghn] tfl/v
u'hf/]sf] dflgg]5 / To; s'/f ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
!#(= ef]lnkN6 tfl/v tf]s]sf] dflgg] M cbfntn] tfl/v tf]s]sf] lbg ;fj{hlgs labf k/L
cbfnt gv'n]df ;fj{hlgs labf ;dfKt ePsf] ef]lnkN6sf] lbg tfl/v tf]lsPsf]
dflgg]5 .
!$)= tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQm y'gfdf k/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ tfl/v
tf]lsPsf] lbg cbfntdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQm sf/0fj; y'gfdf k/L pkl:yt x'g
g;s]df lghn] s'g d'2fdf cfkm" y'lgPsf] xf] To;sf] hfgsf/L lgh cfkm}Fn] jf lghsf]
Psf;uf]nsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o, sfg"g Joj;foL jf jfl/;n] To:tf] cbfntnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQm y'lgPsf] hfgsf/L kfPdf cbfntn] lgh
s] sf/0faf6 y'gfdf k/]sf] xf] / slt cjlw;Dd y'gfdf a:g' kg]{ xf] To;sf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf]df ;DalGwt lgsfon] y'lgPsf]
JolQm y'gfdf k/]sf] sf/0f / y'gfdf a:g' kg]{ ;DefJo lbg ;d]t v'nfO{ y'gfaf6
tTsfn d'Qm x'g g;Sg] cj:yf eP To;sf] hfgsf/L d'2f k/]sf] cbfntnfO{ tTsfn
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd y'gfdf k/]sf] JolQm Ps dlxgf;Dddf 5'6\g] hfgsf/L
k|fKt ePdf / lgh 5'6]sf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgleq tfl/vdf xflh/
x'g cfPdf ;f]xL lbgnfO{ xflh/ ePsf] lbg dfgL sfg"g adf]lhd tfl/v tf]sL d'2fsf]
sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .

55
 -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd y'gfdf k/]sf] JolQm Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlw
y'gfdf /xg], y'gfaf6 d'Qm x'g] lbgsf] 7]ufg gePsf] jf y'gfaf6 tTsfn d'Qm x'g
g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /
lsgf/f ug{ lghnfO{ kv{g' kg]{ 5}g .
-^_ y'gfdf k/]sf] JolQmn] To:tf] cjlwdf cfk"mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd c? s;}af6 ug{
jfl/; lbO{ k7fPdf To;/L lgo'Qm jfl/;n] lghsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fsf] s'g} kIfnfO{
glemsfO{ jf ga'emL d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug{ gx'g] ePdf cbfntn] sfg"g adf]lhd lghnfO{
lemsfO{ a'emL d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf]
qmddf y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQm y'gfaf6 5'6L af6fsf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgleq cbfntdf
xflh/ x'g cfPdf lghnfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
!$!= tfl/v u'hf/]df klg sf/afxL g/f]lsg] M -!_ cbfntaf6 tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg
d'2fsf] s'g} kIf cg'kl:yt eO{ tfl/v u'hf/]df kl/R5]b–@! adf]lhd tfl/v ydfpg
kfpg] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 b]xfosf s'/fdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|ltpQ/kq k]z gx'Fb} afbLn] tfl/v u'hf/]df lkm/fb bfaL
l8;ld; ug'{ kg]{,
-v_ k|ltpQ/kq k]z ePkl5 afbLn] tfl/v u'hf/]df k|ltafbLn]
lkm/fb bfaL cf++lzs jf k"/} :jLsf/]sf] b]lvg cfP jf 7x/]df ;f]
xb;Dd ;f]xL adf]lhd k}m;nf x'g] u/L afFsL bfaL l8;ld; ug'{
kg]{,
-u_ k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kq k]z gu/]df jf k|ltpQ/kq k]z u/]kl5
lghn] tfl/v u'hf/]df afbLaf6 k]z ePsf] lkm/fbkq, k|df0f /
k|ltafbLsf] k|df0f a'emL To;sf] cfwf/df 7x/] adf]lhd k}m;nf
ug'{ kg]{,
-3_ lkm/fbkq btf{ ePkl5 jf k|ltpQ/kq k]z ePkl5 afbL tyf
k|ltafbL b'j}n] tfl/v u'hf/]df To:tf] d'2f l8;ld; ug'{ kg]{ .

56
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -3_ adf]lhd d'2f l8;ld; ePsf]df
;f]xL afbLsf] pxL k|ltafbL pk/ ;f]xL ljifodf csf]{ lkm/fb bfaL nfUg] 5}g .
!$@= tfl/vdf a:g' gkg]{ M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g
adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo tx jf To:tf] lgsfo, ;+j}wflgs
lgsfo jf cbfnt afbL jf k|ltafbL ePsf] d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf
:yfgLo tx jf To:tf] lgsfo, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf cbfntsf] tk{maf6 cbfntdf
pkl:yt eO{ tfl/vdf a:g' kg]{ 5}g .
t/ d'2fsf] k|df0f k/LIf0f ubf{, ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ jf cbfntn] pkl:yt x'g egL
cfb]z lbPsf] lbg g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf cbfntsf]
k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;/sf/L jlsn pkl:Yft x'g' kg]{5 .
!$#= k'g/fj]bg txsf] d'2fdf tfl/vdf g/fvL sf/afxL x'g ;Sg] M cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z
lbPsf]df afx]s k'g/fj]bg txsf] d'2fdf kIfnfO{ tfl/vdf g/fvL d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f x'g ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!#
jfl/; ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!$$= jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfk\mgf] tk{maf6 cbfntdf d'2f;Fu
;DalGwt s'g} sfd ug{ jf o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt vf; sfdsf nflu s'g} JolQmn]
csf]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfk\mgf] k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw lgo'lQm ePsf]df jfl/; lgo'Qm ul/Psf]
dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd jfl/; lgo'Qm ubf{ lnvt ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$%= jfl/; x'g] JolQmsf] of]Uotf M b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm jfl/; x'g ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ of]Uo,
-v_ k}m;nf adf]lhd ;/sf/L lauf], km};nf sfof{Gjog u/] afkt cbfntnfO{
ltg'{ kg]{ s'g} b:t'/, cbfntL z'Ns jf s'g} b08 jf hl/afgf ltg{
afFsL g/x]sf],
-u_ sLt]{, hfn;fhL jf e|i6frf/ jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] s;"/df ;hfo
gkfPsf] .

57
 t/ o; v08df n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] Psf;uf]nsf] JolQmnfO{
jfl/; lgo'lQm ug{ afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
!$^= clVtof/gfdfsf] 9fFrf M -!_ bkmf !$$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lnvt ubf{
cg';"rL–!# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] clVtof/gfdfsf] lnvtdf sf/0fLn] ;xL5fk u/L
sDtLdf b'O{ hgf ;fIfL / clVtof/gfdf n]Vg] n]vssf] klxrfg ;d]t pNn]v u/L
lghx¿sf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!$&= PseGbf a9L d'2f jf JolQmsf] jfl/; x'g ;Sg] M Pp6} JolQm Ps} k6s PseGbf a9L
d'2fsf] jfl/; x'g jf Pp6} d'2fdf PseGbf a9L JolQmx¿af6 lgh jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g
;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} d'2fdf Ps} k6s Pp6} JolQm kIf / ljkIf b'j}sf] jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
!$*= kIf jfl/; x'g ;Sg] M s'g} d'2fdf Pp6} kIfsf b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L JolQm afbL jf
k|ltafbL ePsf]df To:tf JolQmx¿dWo] s'g} Ps JolQmnfO{ ;f]xL d'2fdf jfl/; lgo'Qm
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!$(= PseGbf a9L cbfntdf jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] M s'g} Ps cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]
d'2fdf jfl/; lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQm csf]{ cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] csf]{ d'2fdf
jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .
!%)= jfl/;sf] clwsf/ M jfl/;sf] clwsf/ d'2fsf kIfn] jfl/; lgo'Qm ubf{sf avt
clVtof/gfdfdf n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%!= clVtof/gfdf /Ltk"j{ssf] x'g' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] clVtof/gfdf btf{ ug'{ cl3 To:tf]
clVtof/gfdf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /Lt k'u] jf gk'u]sf] hfFr u/L /Ltk"j{ssf] b]lvPdf
btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ clVtof/gfdf /Lt gk'u]sf] b]lvPdf /Lt
gk'u]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ /Lt k'¥ofO{ Nofpg tLg lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ b/kL7 ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd b/kL7 ul/Psf] clVtof/gfdf Dofbleq /Lt k'¥ofO{
NofPdf cbfntn] To:tf] clVtof/gfdf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

58
!%@= jfl/; kl/jt{g ug{ jf cfk}m d'2f ;sf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf] kIfn] rfx]df cfk"mn]
lbPsf] clVtof/gfdf h'g;'s} avt ab/ u/L csf]{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ jf lgj]bg lbO{
cfk}m+n] d'2f ;sf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd csf]{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ePsf]df jf kIf cfk}mn] d'2f
;sf/ u/]]df cbfntn] jfl/; lgo'Qm ul/Psf] clVtof/gfdf jf d'2f ;sf/ ug{ lbPsf]
lgj]bg ldl;n ;+nUg /fvL To;sf] clen]v ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
!%#= clws[t jfl/; ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg s;}n] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 s'g} d'2f ls6fg u/L jf gu/L lkm/fb ug{, k|ltpQ/kq
btf{ ug{, lkm/fb bfaL lkmtf{ ug{, ldnfkq ug{ jf cGo sfg"gL sfd sf/afxLsf nflu
clVtof/gfdfsf] sfuh n]vL s'g} JolQmnfO{ clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} d'2f ls6fg gu/L ;fdfGo ¿kdf clws[t jfl/;
lgo'Qm ug{' k/]df g]kfnleq eP s'g} lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLz / g]kfn aflx/ eP
s'g} g]kfnL /fhb"t jf dxfjfl0fHob"tsf] /f]xa/df jfl/; lgo'lQm ug]{ JolQmn]
clVtof/gfdfdf ;xL5fk u/L ;f] clVtof/gfdf lghaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd clVtof/gfdf k|dfl0ft u/fpg rfxg]n]
clVtof/gfdfsf] sfuhdf cfkm\gf] / jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmsf] kmf]6f] 6fF;L jfl/; lng]
lbg] b'j}sf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq jf /fxbfgLsf] k|ltlnlk lhNnf GofofwLz jf
g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf; jf dxfjfl0fHo b"tfaf; ;dIf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clVtof/gfdf k|dfl0ft ubf{ kfFr ;o ?k}ofF b:t'/
nfUg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]hd clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQm d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f x'Fbf cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g jf To:tf] k|of]hgsf nflu lghn] csf]{
JolQmnfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%$= clws[t jfl/; dfk{mt crn ;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ cfk\mgf] xs /
:jfldTjsf] s'g} crn ;DklQ ls6fg u/L laqmL ljt/0f jf ;§fk§f ug{ jf xfn}sf]
as;kq ul/lbg] jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] xs x:tfGt/0f ug]{ jf sfg"g adf]lhd
/lhi6«]zg ug'{ kg]{ lnvt kfl/t u/fpg sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] JolQmn] cfk"m
pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] dgfl;a sf/0f v'nfO{ clVtof/gfdfåf/f clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm

59
 u/L To:tf] ;DklQ laqmL ljt/0f jf ;§fk§f ug{ jf xfn}sf] as;kq jf cGo s'g}
lsl;daf6 xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg kfl/t u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm ubf{ bkmf !%# sf] pkbkmf -@_
/ -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQmn] jfl/; lgo'Qm
ug]{ JolQmsf] tk{maf6 lghnfO{ lbPsf] clVtof/gfdfsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos
sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg clws[t jfl/; lgo'Qm
u/L z]ifkl5sf] as;kq ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
!%%= clws[t jfl/;sf] x}l;ot cGTo x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhdsf] clws[t jfl/;sf] x}l;ot :jtM cGTo x'g]5 M–
-s_ s'g} lglZrt sfd, k|of]hg / ;dofjlw ls6fg u/L lbPsf] clws[t
jfl/; To:tf] sfd, k|of]hg jf cjlw ;dfKt jf e'Qmfg ePdf,
-v_ s'g} vf; 36gf jf cj:yf k"/f ePkl5 jf To:tf] 36gf jf cj:yf
cGTo ePkl5 sfod g/xg] u/L lbPsf] clws[t jfl/; To:tf] cj:yf
k"/f ePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug]{ JolQmn] /fli6«o :t/sf s'g} b'O{ b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L jfl/; ab/ u/]df,
-3_ clVtof/gfdf adf]lhdsf] sfd k"/f x'g' cl3 g} jfl/; lbg] jf jfl/;
lng] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf,
-ª_ jfl/; dfkm{t xs x:tfGt/0f jf ;§fk§f ug]{ elgPsf] ;DklQ ;DalGwt
k§f u/]df,
-r_ clVtof/gfdf adf]lhdsf] ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf jfl/; lgo'Qm ug]{ /
jfl/; x'g] jf lghsf] Psf;uf]nsf] JolQm aLr cbfntdf d'2f k/]df,
-5_ clws[t jfl/;gfdf lbg] / lng] JolQm aLr cbfntdf s'g} d'2f k/]df,

60
 -h_ clws[t jfl/; x'g] JolQmn] To:tf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{ clgR5f k|s6
u/L jfl/; lgo'lQm ug{] JolQmnfO{ clws[t jfl/;gfdfsf] ;Ssn k|lt
;lxt lnlvt hfgsf/L lbPdf .
-@_ o; kl/Rb]5df cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'g'
cl3 g} tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gsf] l/t k'¥ofO{ k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] clws[t
jfl/;gfdfnfO{ o; kl/R5]bsf s'g} s'/fn] c;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b–!$
cGtsf{nLg jf cGtl/d cfb]z ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!%^= cGtsf{nLg cfb]z hf/L ug{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ d''2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf
s'g} sfd sf/afxL tTsfn g/f]s]df, s'g} sfo{ tTsfn gu/]df jf d'2fsf] dfu bfaLsf
;DaGwdf s'g} ljifo oyfl:yltdf g/fv]df lkm/fbkq jf k'g/fj]bgkqsf] dfu bfaL
lg/y{s x'g] ePdf afbL jf k'g/fj]bsn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L To:tf] ljifodf
cGtsf{nLg cfb]z hf/L ug{] dfu /fvL ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcGtsf{lng cfb]zÆ eGgfn] d'2fdf x'g]
lg0f{o jf k}m;nf afx]ssf cGo cfb]z ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ To:tf] cfb]z
hf/L x'g pko'Qm b]lvPdf cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] ljifodf cGtsf{nLg
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df d'2fsf] s'g} PskIfsf] lgj]bgsf]
;'g'jfO{sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] eP csf{] kIfn] To:tf] cfb]z ab/ ug{ ;f]xL cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf]df ;DalGwt cbfntn] b'j} kIfsf]
;'g'jfO{ u/L To:tf] cfb]z ab/ ug{] jf gug{] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{]5 / To; pk/ lrQ
ga'em\g] kIfn] ab/ u/fpg To:tf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg ug{
;Sg]5 .
!%&= cGt{sfnLg cfb]z pk/ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf tNnf]
cbfntaf6 ePsf b]xfosf cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn] To:tf] cfb]z ePsf] ldltn]

61
 kGw| lbgleq To:tf] cfb]z ab/ jf /2 ug{ To:tf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ d'2fsf kIfnfO{ tfl/vdf /fv]sf] jf lghaf6 hdfgt jf
cbfntL z'Ns lnPsf],
-v_ kl/R5]b–!) adf]lhd d'2f btf{ ug{ gldNg] egL u/]sf] b/kL7sf]
cfb]z pk/ GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/ u/]sf]df To:tf] ph'/ /2
ePsf],
-u_ kl/R5]b–!! adf]lhd k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ xsb}of, xbDofb jf
clwsf/If]q ;DaGwL ljifo lg?k0f u/L cfb]z u/]sf],
-3_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf cGo s'g} cfb]z u/]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cbfntdf ePsf]
sfd sf/afxLdf Dofb gf3]sf] jf d'2fdf sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sf/afxL lgwf{l/t
cjlwleq gu/L a]/Lt ePsf] lhls/ lnO{ To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ab/ u/fpg ;d]t
d'2fsf] kIfn] To:tf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lgj]bg k/]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn]
;DalGwt cbfntaf6 cfjZostfg';f/ k|ltj]bg lnO{ jf ldl;n lemsfO{ To:tf] lgj]bg
pk/ ;'g'jfO{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ tNnf] cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]z jf sfd
sf/afxL j]/Ltsf] jf Dofb gf3]sf] b]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f
v'nfO{ To:tf] cfb]z ab/ ug{, /2 ug{ jf sfg"g adf]lhd pko'Qm ;Dem]sf] cGo sfd
ug{ tNnf] cbfntsf] gfddf cfb]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%*= cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} lgj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/f
geP;Ddsf nflu s'g} dfu bfaLsf] s'g} ljifo oyfl:yltdf g/fv]df To:tf] lgj]bgsf]
dfu bfaL lg/y{s x'g] nfu]df ;DalGwt lgj]bsn] To:tf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ cGtl/d cfb]z
hf/L ug{ dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z dfu u/]df cbfntn] plrt /
cfjZos b]v]df lgj]bgsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g}
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 M–

62
 -s_ vf; cjlw tf]sL cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug{,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]znfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg' kg]{ jf gkg]{ ;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf nflu csf]{ kIf lemsfpg]
cfb]z ug{,
-u_ cGtl/d cfb]zsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'+Fbf cfˆgf] lxtdf cGtl/d
cfb]z hf/L ePsf sf/0fn] lgj]bgsf] clGtd lg0f{o kZrft\
csf]{ kIfnfO{ Iflt k'u]sf] cj:yf b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ Joxf]g]{ lnlvt k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]df zt{
;lxtsf] cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug{,
-3_ lgj]bg dfu bfaLsf] ljifo oyfl:yltdf g/x]df lgj]bgsf] dfu
bfaL lg/y{s x'g] b]lvPdf To:tf] ljifo oyfl:yltdf /fVg .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cGtl/d cfb]zsf] nflu k]z
ePsf] lgj]bgsf] ljifodf lg0f{o g} x'g pko'Qm 5 eGg] nfu]df cbfntn] To:tf] ljifodf
clGtd lg0f{o ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] cGtl/d cfb]z lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf]
nfu]kl5 :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn] Ps k6s cGtl/d
cfb]z hf/L ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf]df kl5 kl/l:yltdf cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g ePsf] cfwf/ /
sf/0f b]vfO{ ;DalGwt kIfn] ;f]xL ljifodf To:tf] cfb]zsf] nflu k'gM lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] b'a} kIfsf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L cGtl/d
cfb]z ;DaGwdf cGtl/d cfb]z jf cGo pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]znfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] jf glbg]
;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fpg csf]{ kIf lemsfpg] u/L cfb]z ePsf]df lgj]bssf] sf/0faf6
;f]xL lbg 5nkmn x'g g;s]df tTkZrft\ To:tf] cGtl/d cfb]z lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfntn] cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ubf{ jf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L
ug{ c:jLsf/ ubf{ To;sf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

63
 -(_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -^_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ePsf]df To:tf] cfb]z k|efljt gx'g]
u/L d'2fsf] ljifodf sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf
k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
!%(= cGtl/d cfb]z /2 x'g] M -!_ Ps kIfLo ;'gjfO{ u/L cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ePsf] jf
cfˆgf] s'/f k|:t't ug{ df}sf gkfPsf] sf/0f v'nfO{ s'g} kIfn] cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf]
cGtl/d cfb]z /2 ug]{ dfu u/L ;f]xL cbfntdf lgj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ lemsfO{ To;
pk/ ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ ;f] ljifodf cl3 hf/L u/]sf] cGtl/d
cfb]z /2 ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df cbfntn] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] cfb]z /2 ug]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn]] cGtl/d cfb]z
/2 gu/L To;sf zt{ ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
cGtl/d cfb]zsf To:tf zt{ ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!^)= Ifltk"lt{ lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]z /2 ePdf jf
To;sf zt{ ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ ePdf To;/L /2, ;+zf]wg jf x]/km]/ x'g' cufl8
cGtl/d cfb]zsf] sf/0faf6 s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug{ g;sL s'g} kIfnfO{ xflg, gf]S;fgL
ePdf To:tf] kIfn] cGtl/d cfb]z dfu ug]{ kIf lj?4 cfkm"nfO{ ePsf] xflg,
gf]S;fgLsf] /sd pNn]v u/L Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{ ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] ;DalGwt kIfx¿ pkl:yt
u/fO{ To:tf] ljifodf ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ePsf] sf/0fn]
lgj]bsnfO{ jf:tljs ¿kdf xflg, gf]S;fgL ePsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] xflg, gf]S;fgL
afkt Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ sfNklgs jf ck|ToIf xflg, gf]S;fgL afkt Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] cfb]z x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu ug]{ kIfn]
To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lgj]bsnfO{ e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .

64
 kl/R5]b–!%
lnlvt k|df0f k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^!= k|df0f ;DaGwL lnvt k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ afbLn] lkm/fbkqdf pNn]lvt bfaL /
k|ltafbLn] k|ltpQ/kqdf pNn]v u/]sf] lhls/;Fu ;DalGwt lnlvt k|df0fsf] ;Ssn /
To;sf] k|ltlnlk lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq;Fu} k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL jf
k|ltafbL ePsf] d'2fdf lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq ;fy lnlvt k|df0f tTsfn k]z ug{
g;Sg] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ s'g sfof{nodf To:tf] k|df0f /x]sf] 5 jf /xg
;Sg] x'G5 To;sf] ljj/0f lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kqdf v'nfpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kqdf k|df0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f
pNn]v ePsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0f cfjZostfg';f/ ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 cfkm}F
lemsfO{ a'em\g ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lnlvt k|df0fsf]
;Ssn k|lt tTsfn cbfntdf k]z ug{ g;lsg] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f ;lxt
/Ltk"j{ssf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!^@= k|df0fsf] pNn]vg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !^! df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
lnlvt k|df0fsf] ;Ssn k|lt s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] lhDdfdf /xL To;sf] ;Ssn jf
k|ltlnlk tTsfn pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] ePdf afbL jf k|ltafbLn] lkm/fbkq jf
k|ltpQ/kqdf ;f]xL s'/f pNn]vg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pNn]vg ePsf] k|df0f a'em\g' kg]{ b]lvPdf cbfntn]
To:tf] k|df0fsf] ;Ssn k|lt jf k|ltlnlk cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq k]z ug{ To:tf]
JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf To:tf] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cbfntn]
tf]s]sf] cjlwleq To:tf] k|df0f cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] To:tf] k|df0f k]z
gu/]df To:tf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|d'v kbflwsf/LnfO{ cbfntn] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

65
!^#= ;do dfu ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq btf{ ubf{sf avt lnlvt k|df0f
k]z ug{ ;Dej gePsf] sf/0f v'nfO{ afbL jf k|ltafbLn] ;do dfu u/]df / ;f] sf/0f
dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] kGw| lbg;Ddsf] ;do lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;doleq afbL jf k|ltafbLn] To:tf] k|df0f
cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;doleq k]z gePsf] k|df0f To:tf] d'2fdf
k|df0fsf] ¿kdf a'em\g ;lsg] 5}g .
!^$= k|df0f k]z ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg] M -!_ lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq btf{ ubf{sf avt
afbL jf k|ltafbLsf] hfgsf/Ldf gcfPsf] s'g} gofF / dxTjk"0f{ lnlvt k|df0f kl5
hfgsf/Ldf cfPdf jf kQf nfu]df To:tf] k|df0f k]z ug{ afbL jf k|ltafbLn] cg'dlt
dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] afbL jf k|ltafbLnfO{
To:tf] k|df0f k]z ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|df0f cGo JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] lgoGq0fdf
/x]sf]n] afbL jf k|ltafbLn] cfkm}Fn] k]z ug{ ;+ej gePsf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0f lemsfpg bkmf !^@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!^%= ;Ssn lnvt lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|df0f sfuhftsf] ;Ssn
k|lt / ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt clws[tn] To:tf] k|df0f sfuhftsf]
k|ltlnlk ;Ssn lnvt;Fu le8fO{ k|ltlnlk k|dfl0ft u/L To:tf] k|ltlnlkdf k]z ug]{
JolQmsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ ldl;n ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk ldl;n ;+nUg u/]kl5 cbfntn]
To:tf] k|df0fsf] ;Ssn k|lt ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ u/]sf] ;Ssn k|lt cfjZos ePdf cbfntn]
h'g;'s} avt ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L dfu u/]sf] ;Ssn lnlvt
k|df0f lghn] k]z gu/]df ;f] k|df0fnfO{ To:tf] d'2fdf k|df0fsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsg]
5}g .

66
!^^= k|ltpQ/kq k]z geO{ k|df0f a'em\g g;lsg] M sfg"gdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s
;fdfGotof k|ltpQ/kq k]z geO{ jf k|ltpQ/kq kg{ ;Sg] cjlw Joltt geO{ k|df0f
a'em\g] sf/afxL ul/g]] 5}g .
!^&= k|df0f a'em\g' kg]{ M lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kqdf pNn]v ePsf] ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /x]sf]
s'g} sfuhft k|df0fsf] ¿kdf a'em\g' kg]{ b]lvPdf k|ltpQ/kq k]z ePsf] ldltn] /
k|ltpQ/kq k]z gePsf]df k|ltpQ/kq k]z x'g ;Sg] cjlw Joltt ePsf] ldltn]
;fdfGotof ;ft lbgleq To:tf] k|df0f a'em\g cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
!^*= 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf k|df0f a'em\g] M -!_ cbfntn] d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ pkl:yltsf]
lgldQ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg afbL / k|ltafbLsf] /f]xa/df lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq /
k]z ePsf ;a} lnvt k|df0f x]/L tyf lghx¿;Fu ;f] ljifodf cfjZos s'/f ;f]wk'5
;d]t u/L To;af6 b'j} kIfsf] s'/f ldn] jf gldn]sf] ljifo olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd olsg ubf{ afbL bfaLsf ;DaGwdf b'a} kIfsf] s'/f
ldn]sf] b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] ;f]xL lbg lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd olsg ubf{ b'j} kIfsf] s'/f cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ¿kdf
gldn]sf] b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] h'g h'g s'/f gldnL 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/f / To;
;DaGwdf a'em\g' kg]{ yk cGo k|df0f :ki6 v'nfO{ ;a't k|df0f lemsfpg cfb]z lbO{
;a't k|df0f a'em\g] tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{
ljifo;Fu ;Dj4 s'/f afx]s cGo s'/fdf k|df0f a'em\g ;lsg] 5}g .
!^(= lnvt k]z ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf kIfn] k|:t't ug{ g;s]sf] jf
g;Sg] t/ d'2fdf 7x/ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ s'g} k|df0f s'g} JolQmsf] ;fydf sAhfdf
/x]sf] 5 eGg] cbfntnfO{ nfu]df cbfntn] cjlw tf]sL d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] qmddf
h'g;'s} avt k|df0f k]z ug{ To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|df0f k]z ug{ cfb]z ePsf]df ;DalGwt JolQmn]
cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq cbfntdf cfkm}F pkl:yt eO{ jf c? s'g} JolQm dfkm{t
To:tf] lnvt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

67
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnvt k]z gug]{ jf lnvt k]z ug{ g;s]sf] dgfl;a
sf/0f ;d]t pNn]v gug{] JolQmnfO{ cbfntn] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{
;Sg]5 .
!&)= k|df0f a'em\g] qmd M -!_ cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s cbfntn] k|df0f
a'em\g tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg k|df0f a'em\bf ;fdfGotofM afbLn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f
a'em]kl5 k|ltafbLn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f a'em\g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|df0f a'em\bf s'g} lnvt k|df0fsf] ¿kdf lng gx'g]
jf c;fGble{s ljifo ePsf] egL d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] tTsfn cfklQ u/]df cbfntn]
To:tf] ljifodf hfFr u/L To:tf] cfklQ dgfl;a eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf tTsfn
cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ubf{ s'g} kIfn] k]z u/]sf] lnvtnfO{ k|df0fsf]
¿kdf lng gx'g] jf c;fGble{s ePsf] 7x/ u/]df To:tf] s'/f clen]v u/L ldl;n
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&!= sfuh u/fpg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} kIf;Fu d'2fsf ljifodf s'g} s'/f ;f]Wg' k/]df cbfntn]
csf{] kIfsf] /f]xa/df h'g;'s} avt ;f]wL lghsf] sfuh u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd lkm/fbkq lnO{ sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf
afx]s c? s'g} ph'/Laf6 sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ u/L lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{ d'2fdf cbfntn] afbL
jf k|ltafbL;Fu v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fsf] k|df0f ;d]t v'nfO{ lghsf] aofg u/fO{ clen]v
u/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&@= ;2] lst]{df aofg u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ k|df0f a'em\g tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf afbLn] k]z u/]sf]
k|df0fsf] sfuh k|ltafbLnfO{ / k|ltafbLn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0fsf] sfuh afbLnfO{ ;Ssn}
b]vfO{ ;'gfO{ lghn] To:tf] sfuhnfO{ ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL gfdfs/0f u/]df
cbfntn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] aofg u/fO{ clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b]vfpFbf jf ;'gfpFbf tTsfn ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL
5'6\ofpg g;Sg] eO{ s'g} kIfn] Dofb dfu u/]df cbfntn] tLg lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg'
kg]{5 .

68
 -#_ d'2fsf] kIf afx]s c?sf] ;xL5fk k/]sf] sfuh k]z ePdf tTsfn ;2],
sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofO{ gfdfs/0f ug{ g;Sg] eO{ d'2fsf s'g} kIfn] Dofb dfu]df
k|df0f ;lxt ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLdf aofg ug{ kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] Dofbleq aofg ug]{ JolQmn] ;2], sLt]{ jf
hfn;fhL h] gfdfs/0f ub{5 cbfntn] ;f]xL cg'?k aofg u/fO{ clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd aofg u/fpFbf s'g} kIfn] To:tf] lnvt sLt]{ jf
hfn;fhL xf] eGg] aofg u/]df cbfntn] ;f] lbg d'2fsf ;a} kIfx¿ xflh/ /x]sf] eP
lghx¿sf] ;f]xL lbg / s'g} kIf xflh/ g/x]sf] eP To:tf] kIfsf] xsdf To;kl5 xflh/
ePs} lbg aofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL tfl/vdf /x]sf] d'2fdf ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ g}
lemsfpg' cfjZos b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] kIfnfO{ lemsfO{ lghsf] aofg u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k|df0fsf] sfuh b]vfpFbf jf ;'gfpFbf ;DalGwt kIfn]
;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'§fpg g;Sg] ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0fsf] sfuh hfFr
ug{ ;DalGwt ljz]if1 ;dIf k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
!&#= ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLsf] nflu ;'gfpg' gkg]{ M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd k|df0f lng
g;lsg] lnvt ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;'gfpg' jf b]vfpg' kg]{
5}g .
-@_ s'g} k|ltafbLn] k|df0fsf] ¿kdf k]z u/]sf] lnvtaf6 cGo s'g} k|ltafbLnfO{
c;/ kg]{ /x]5 eg] cbfntn] bkmf !&@ sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L c;/ kg]{
k|ltafbLnfO{ To:tf] k|df0f b]vfO{ ;'gfO{ lghsf] aofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!&$= k'g/fj]bg ;'[Gg] cbfntaf6 k|df0f a'[em\g] M k'g/fj]bg k/L jf s]xL Joxf]/fn] lg0f{o
hfFrsf nflu cbfntdf k|fKt ePsf] d'2fdf k|df0fsf] nflu k]z ePsf] lnlvt k|df0f
;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofO{ OG;fkm ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPdf / To:tf] sfo{ljlw k"/f
gu/L tNnf] cbfntaf6 d'2f km};nf ePsf] /x]5 eg] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To:tf]
sfuh ;Ssn} lemsfO{ kIfsf] aofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .

69
!&%= aofg lnO{ sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{ M s'g} b]jfgL d'2fdf k|ltafbLsf]
k|ltpQ/kq jf aofgaf6 p7]sf] sfg"g adf]lhd kmf}hbf/L sfod x'g] d'2f ;f]xL
ldl;naf6} kIfsf] aofg u/fO{ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} vf; lsl;dsf d'2f dfq x]g]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] cbfntn]
;f]xL sfg"g adf]lhdsf d'2fsf] dfq sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&^= k|efljt kIfnfO{ a'em\g' kg]{ M ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftsf] cWoogaf6 d'2fdf s'g} s'/f
7x/ ubf{ d'2fsf kIf afx]s t];|f] JolQmsf] xs ;d]t k|efljt x'g] b]lvPdf jf To:tf]
JolQm ;d]t d'2fdf ;DalGwt b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t a'emL
lghnfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f eGg] dgfl;a ;do / df}sf lbO{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0fsf]
cfwf/df lghnfO{ sf/0fL ;/x tfl/vdf /fvL d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
!&&= gfk, hfFr jf gS;f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ljjfb k/]sf] crn ;DklQsf] gfk, gS;f jf gfk
hfFr gu/L d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug{ gx'g] b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQsf] gfk, hfFr jf
gS;f u/fpg cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z eO{ To:tf] ;DklQsf] gfk, hfFr jf gS;f
u/fpg' k/]df cbfntn] b'j} kIfnfO{ To:tf] gfk, gS;f jf hfFr ug'{ kg]{ 7fpF tf]sL
To:tf] 7fpFdf xflh/ x'g hfg' egL tfl/v tf]sL jf tfl/vsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]] tfl/vsf] lbg cbfntsf sDtLdf
/fhkqcglÍt låtLo >]0fLsf Pshgf sd{rf/L / cldg crn ;DklQ gfk hfFr x'g]
7fpFdf uO{ d'2fsf b'j} kIf, pknAw eP;Dd :yfgLo txsf sDtLdf Ps hgf k|ltlglw
/ sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo JolQmnfO{ ;d]t /f]xa/ /fvL h'g crn ;DklQsf] gfk,
gS;f jf hfFr ug{ kg]{ xf] ;f] gfkL hfFrL gS;f d'r'Nsf ;d]t tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd gfk, hfFr jf gS;f ul/;s]kl5 cbfntaf6 v6L
uPsf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] gS;f d'r'Nsfdf ;DalGwt kIf, :yfgLo JolQm / :yfgLo
txsf k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ To:tf] d'r'Nsfdf cfkm\gf]] gfd n]vL ;xL5fk u/L
gfk, hfFrsf] tLgk|lt gS;f tof/ u/L To:tf] gS;fdf ;d]t gfkhfFr ug{] sd{rf/Lsf]
gfd, y/ tyf kb v'nfO{ ;xL5fk u/L To;sf] Ps Ps k|lt d'2fsf kIfnfO{ lbO{

70
 a'lemlnPsf] e/kfO{ u/fO{ afFsL Ps k|lt gS;f, e/kfO{ / d'r'Nsf cbfntdf bflvnf
u/L ;DalGwt ldl;n ;fd]n ug{' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd gfk hfFr jf gS;f ubf{ kIfx¿ pkl:yt gePdf jf
pkl:yt eP klg gS;f d'r'Nsfdf ;xL5fk ug{ d~h'/ gu/]df jf kIfx¿ tfl/vdf
xflh/ gePsf] d'2f eP pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf cGo JolQmx¿ /fvL gS;f, gfk jf
hfFr u/L kIf pkl:yt gePsf] jf eP klg ;xL5fk gu/]sf] Joxf]/f s}lkmot hgfO{
vl6Psf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] / :yfgLo txsf] sDtLdf Ps hgf k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk
u/L u/fO{ To:tf] gS;f d'r'Nsf cbfntdf bflvnf u/L ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt x'g' kg]{df lghnfO{
;"rgf lbFbf klg pkl:yt gePdf lgh pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq cGo sfo{ljlw
k"/f ePsf] gfk, hfFr jf gS;f a]/Ltsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /Lt gk'u]sf] gfk, hfFr jf gS;f k|df0fsf] nflu u|fx\o
x'g] 5}g .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} crn ;DklQsf] gfk gS;f jf hfFr ubf{
cbfntaf6 gfk hfFr ug{ vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] ab\lgot lrtfO{ To:tf] crn ;DklQsf]
jf:tljs jf oyfy{tfeGbf km/s x'g] u/L gfk, gS;f jf hfFr u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf] sd{rf/L pk/ ljefuLo
sf/afxL ;d]t x'g]5 .
!&*= 7fpF cjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf] ljifoj:t' hl6n eO{ To:tf] ljifoj:t'
oyfy{¿kdf cbfnt ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Dej gx'g] b]lvPdf jf k|df0fsf] ¿kdf lbPsf]
j:t', ljjfbsf] ljifo jf crn ;DklQ /x]sf] 7fpFsf] g} k|ToIf ¿kdf cjnf]sg jf
lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cjnf]sg jf lgl/If0f ug{ cfb]z ePdf ;f] k|of]hgsf]
nflu cu|Ld ¿kdf lbg tf]sL GofofwLz cfkm}F jf cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
k|fljlw1 jf cGo s'g} sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] j:t', ljifo jf 7fFpsf] cjnf]sg jf lg/LIf0f
ug'{ kg]{5 .

71
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} k|fljlw1 jf cGo s'g} sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] j:t',
ljifo jf 7fpFsf] cjnf]sg jf lg/LIf0f u/]sf] eP lghn] d'2fsf] ljifo j:t';Fu
;fGble{s ljifodf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–!^
;fIfL k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!&(= kIfn] ;fIfL pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fsf kIfn] k|df0fsf] ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf
;fIfLnfO{ ;fIfL k/LIf0fsf nflu cbfntåf/f tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg cfkm}F+n] pkl:yt
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg pkl:yt gePsf ;fIfLsf]
k/LIf0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fIfL pkl:yt
u/fpgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg bkmf @@% sf] v08 -u_ jf -ª_ sf] cj:yf
k/L cbfntdf ;fIfL pkl:yt u/fpg g;s]sf]n] csf]{ tfl/v tf]sL kfpg To:tf]
cj:yf k/]sf] s'/f ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx jf s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfosf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t
;+nUg u/L af6f] v'n]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf
lgj]bg lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq cbfntn] ;fIfL k/LIf0f u/fpg] u/L csf]{ tfl/v
tf]Sg]5 .
!*)= cbfntaf6 ;fIfL lemsfO{ k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf !&( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf ;fj{hlgs xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ ;+nUg /x]sf] d'2fdf
ga'emL gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{ cbfntn] cfb]z u/L kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g Dofb
hf/L ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Dofb hf/L ePdf To:tf] ;fIfL cbfntn] tf]s]sf]
cjlwleq cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;fIfLsf gfddf Dofb hf/L ubf{ cg';"rL–!$
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*!= ;fIfL a'em\g sd{rf/L v6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf sf/0fn] cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ;fIfLnfO{ lgh /x] a;]sf] 7fpFdf g} uO{ ;fIfL a'em\gsf] nflu

72
 d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf / To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf
cbfntn] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd ;fIfL a'em\gsf] nflu cfb]z lbg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df ;fIfL /x] a;]sf] 7fFpdf cbfntsf]
GofofwLz cfkm}F uO{ jf sd{rf/L v6fO{ ;fIfL a'em\g jf a'em\g nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;fIfL a'em\gsf] nflu GofofwLz jf cbfntsf]
sd{rf/L hfFbf nfUg] vr{ lgj]bg lbg] JolQmn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
!*@= >Jo–b[Zo ;Djfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t ;fIfL k/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o;
kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg clt j[4 cj:yf, zf/Ll/s
czQmtf, c:j:ytf jf g]kfn aflx/ /x] a;]sf] sf/0f s'g} ;fIfL cbfntdf pkl:yt
x'g g;Sg] sf/0f b]vfO{ To:tf] ;fIfLsf] >Jo–b[Zo ;Djfbsf] dfWodaf6 k/LIf0f x'g]
d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] Joxf]/f cbfntnfO{ dgfl;a nfu]df
cbfntn] To:tf ;fIfLsf] >Job[Zo ;+jfbsf] dfWodaf6 k/LIf0f ug{ cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf ;DalGwt kIfn] >Jo–b[Zo ;Djfbaf6
;fIfL k/LIf0f ug{sf] nflu cbfntaf6 tf]lsPsf] lbg / 7fpFdf To:tf ;fIfLnfO{
pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cbfntn] >Job[Zo ;Djfbdf pkl:yt ePsf] ;fIfLnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt
ePsf] ;fIfL ;/x dfgL k/LIf0f ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;fIfL k/LIf0f u/fpFbf cbfntn] >Jo–b[Zo
;Djfbaf6 ePsf] ;fIfLsf] askq / >Job[Zo ;Djfbsf] Joxf]/f n]vj4 u/L clen]v
ug{' kg]{5 .
-%_ cbfntn] >Job[Zo ;Djfb dfkm{t ;fIfL a'em]sf] clen]vsf] d'r'Nsf
cg';"rL–!% adf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;fIfL k/LIf0f ubf{ jf u/fpFbf nfu]sf] vr{ >Jo–b[Zo
;Djfb dfkm{t ;fIfL k/LIf0f u/fpg lgj]bg lbg] kIfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
!*#= kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]s]sf] lbg ;fIfL k/LIf0f ug]{ lbg tf]Sg] M -!_ bkmf !*! jf !*@ sf]
cj:yfdf afx]s ;fIfL k/LIf0f ubf{ kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]lsPsf] lbgdf g} k/LIf0f ug]{ u/L
cbfntn] ;fIfL k/LIf0f ug]{ lbg tf]Sg' kg]{5 .

73
 -@_ ;fIfL k/LIf0f ubf{ ;fIfLn] JoQm u/]sf] s'/fsf] askq tof/ u/L lghsf]
;xL5fk u/fO{ clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*$= zky lng' kg]{ M ;fIfLn] cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ askq ubf{ ;To s'/f JoQm ug]{
s'/fsf] pb\3f]if0f u/L GofofwLz ;dIf cg';"rL–!^ sf] 9fFrfdf zky lng' kg]{5 .
!*%= ;fIfL k/LIf0f GofofwLzn] ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;fIfL k/LIf0f h'g GofofwLzsf] Ohnfzdf k]z
ePsf] 5 ;f]xL GofofwLzn]] u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/LIf0f ubf{ GofofwLzn] askq clen]v ug{ tyf
;fIfL k/LIf0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;xfotf lng ;Sg]5 .
!*^= tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg ;fIfL k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !*! jf !*@ sf] cj:yfdf
afx]s cbfntn] ;fIfL k/LIf0f ug{ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbgdf g} cbfntdf pkl:yt
ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fIfLx¿sf] k/LIf0f ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;Dk"0f{ ;fIfLx¿sf] ;f]xL lbg k/LIf0f ug{ ;do
cefjsf] sf/0fn] gEofpg] ePdf cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To;sf] ef]lnkN6
;fIfL k/LIf0f ug]{ u/L ;fIfL tyf kIfx¿nfO{ tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æTo;sf] ef]lnkN6Æ eGgfn] ;fIfL k/LIf0f
u/]sf] lbgsf] nuQ} kl5 c8\8f v'n]sf] klxnf] lbg ;Demg' k5{ .
!*&= askq k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ GofofwLzn] cbfntdf ;fIfL k/LIf0f ubf{ d'2fdf
lghaf6 v'nfpg' kg]{ ljifosf] k|Zg ;f]wL To:tf] k|Zg, ;fIfLn] lbPsf] hjfkm / To;df
sfg"g adf]lhd lh/x ePsf] eP To; ;d]tsf] ljj/0f askqdf clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f clen]v ePkl5 ;fIfLnfO{ s'g} ljifodf
s'g} s'/f JoQm ug{ afFsL eP gePsf] ;f]wL afFsL eP To:tf] s'/f ;d]t JoQm ug{
nufO{ askqdf To:tf] s'/f clen]v ug{' kg]{5 / To:tf] askqsf] sfuhdf lgh /
d'2fsf pkl:yt kIf jf jfl/;sf] /f]xa/df ;fIfL k/LIf0f ePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/L
To:tf ;a} JolQmx¿sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ GofofwLzn] k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] askqsf] sfuhdf ;fIfL, d'2fsf kIf jf
jfl/;dWo] s;}n] jf ;a}n] ;xL5fk ug{ OGsf/ u/]df ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;fIfL
k/LIf0f ug]{ GofofwLzn] To:tf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/L ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ldl;ndf /fVg'
kg]{5 .

74
 -$_ ;fIfLsf] askq u/fpFbf cg';"rL–!& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!**= s}lkmot v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M ;fIfL k/LIf0f ubf{ ;DalGwt ;fIfLn] GofofwLzåf/f
;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm glbPdf, lbg OGsf/ u/]df jf h'g k|Zgsf] hjfkm vf]lhPsf]
xf] ;f]sf] hjfkm glbO{ c;DalGwt ljifosf] hjfkm lbPdf GofofwLzn] ;f]sf] s}lkmot
v'nfO{ bkmf !*& adf]lhd k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*(= aGb ;jfn ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ ;fIfL csf]{ lhNnfsf] jfl;Gbf eO{ lghsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf] sf/0fn]
lghnfO{ d'2f /x]sf] cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fO{ askq u/fpg g;lsg] s'/f pNn]v u/L
aGb ;jfn dfkm{t k/LIf0f u/fpg ;DalGwt kIfn] cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbPdf /
To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] aGb ;jfn dfkm{t ;fIfL k/LIf0f u/fpg
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aGb ;jfn dfkm{t ;fIfL k/LIf0f u/fpg' k/]df To:tf]
;fIfLnfO{ ;f]Wg' kg]{ k|Zgx¿ cg';"rL–!* sf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L GofofwLzaf6 k|dfl0ft
u/fO{ ;fIfL /x] a;]sf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf cbfntdf aGb ;jfn k7fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf]
;jfn ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;d]t k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntaf6 aGb ;jfn u/fpg] cfb]z ePdf d'2fsf
kIfx¿nfO{ ;f]xL adf]lhd aGb ;jfn u/fpg] cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g tfl/v tf]sL
To;sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd aGb ;jfn k|fKt ePdf To:tf] cbfntn] ;DalGwt
kIfaf6 bkmf !&( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pkl:yt u/fOPsf] ;fIfLnfO{ cfkm\gf]
cbfntdf d'2f k/] ;/x o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L aGb ;jfnsf
k|To]s k|Zgsf] hjfkmsf] askq tof/ u/L To:tf] askqsf] sfuhdf bkmf !*& jf
!** adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L To:tf] JolQmsf] ;lx5fk u/fO{ tLg lbgleq
;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd aGb ;jfn ug{' kg]{ JolQm xflh/ gePdf To:tf]
cbfntn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L aGb ;jfn k7fpg] cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

75
 -^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt cbfntdf aGb ;jfn k7fpFbf To:tf
d'2fsf kIf jf jfl/;nfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ tfl/v tf]sL xflh/ x'g d'2f k/]sf]
cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–!&
d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ tyf k}m;nf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!()= ;xdlt ePsf] ljifodf km};nf ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ k|ltpQ/kq bflvnf ePkl5 afbL /
k|ltafbLsf] pkl:yltsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf b'j} kIfsf] /f]xa/df lkm/fbkq,
k|ltpQ/kq tyf bflvnf ePsf] ;a} lnvt cWoog u/L s'g} s'/f c:ki6 /x]sf] eP
afbL / k|ltafbL;Fu To:tf] c:ki6 s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos s'/f ;f]wk'5 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cWoog ubf{ jf ;f]wk'5 ubf{ b'j} kIfsf] s'/f ldn] jf
gldn]sf] ljifo cbfntn] olsg ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd olsg ubf{ k|ltafbLn] afbLsf] bfaL :JfLsf/ u/]sf]
b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f To;} avt km};nf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!(!= afbL k|ltafbLsf] k"j{–;'g'jfO{ 5nkmn u/fpg ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntn] s'g} d'2fdf 7x/
ug'{ kg]{ ljifo olsg ug{ afbL / k|ltafbLsf] k"j{;'g'jfO{ 5nkmn x'g dgfl;a nfu]df
To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] 5nkmn ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf cbfntn] To; k|of]hgsf] nflu
kIfx¿nfO{ tfl/v tf]sL To:tf] 5nkmn u/fpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmndf afbL, k|ltafbL tyf lghsf sfg"g
Joj;foL pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmndf afbL / k|ltafbLn] cfkm\gf] bfaL jf
k|ltjfbnfO{ ;dy{g jf v08g ug]{ k|df0f k]z ug{ tyf cbfntn] 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifo
olsg ug{ cfkm\gf] bfaL jf lhls/ k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnaf6 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifo olsg eO;s]kl5
kl/R5]b– !% adf]lhd a'lemPsf] k|df0fsf] cltl/Qm To:tf] ljifodf yk k|df0f a'em\g'
kg]{ b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0f a'em\g cfb]z lbg]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd afbL jf k|ltafbLsf] 5nkmn u/fPsf]df cbfntn]
To;sf] clen]v tof/ u/L ldl;n ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .

76
 -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] tLg lbgleq
sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg{]5 .
!(@= k|df0f a'em\g] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|df0f a'em\g] sfo{ ;DkGg
ePkl5 cbfntn] ;fdfGotof Ps dlxgfleq d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ d'2fsf kIfx¿n] cfkm}F jf cfk"mn] lgo'Qm
u/]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL jf jfl/; dfkm{t cfkm\gf] bfaL jf k|lt/Iff ug{ ax; k}/jL ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ d'2fdf yk s'/fx¿ :ki6 ug{sf] nflu
lnlvt ax; gf]6 k]z ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z u/]df d'2fsf kIf cfkm}Fn] jf lghn] lgo'Qm
u/]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL jf jfl/;n] cbfntåf/f tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq lnlvt ax; gf]6
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!(#= ldnfkq ug{ df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ kIfx¿n] cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2f h'g;'s}
txdf klg ldnfkq ug{ rfx]df ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L cbfntdf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ldnfkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f, To;sf] dtna / kl/0ffd ;DalGwt kIfx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;'gfpFbf klg d'2fsf kIfx¿n] ldnfkq ug{ d~h'/
u/]df cbfntn] ldnfkqsf] tLg k|lt d:of}bf tof/ u/fpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] ldnfkqsf] Joxf]/f kIfx¿nfO{ ;'gfpFbf
kIfx¿ ldnfkq ug{ ;xdlt ePdf To:tf] ldnfkqsf] sfuhdf b'j} kIfx¿sf] ;xL5fk
u/fO{ GofofwLzn] cfkm\gf] /f]xa/df ;f] ldnfkq ePsf] Joxf]/f k|df0fLs/0f u/L Ps
k|lt ;DalGwt ldl;ndf /fvL afbL / k|ltafbLnfO{ Ps Ps k|lt lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ldnfkq ePsf]df ldnfkq adf]lhdsf] sfd gePsf]
eGg] ljifodf afx]s ldnfkqdf lrQ a'em]g egL ph'/ nfUg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ldnfkq ePsf]df To;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k ldnfkq
adf]lhd bflvnf vf/]h, gfd;f/L, btf{, /lhi6«]zg jf crn ;DklQsf] lsQfsf6 ug'{
kg]{ /x]5 eg] ldnfkq u/fpg] cbfntn] ldnfkq ePsf] tLg lbgleq ldnfkq
adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{ ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .

77
 -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] tLg lbgleq
sfof{Gjog ug{' kg{]5 .
!($= d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ kIfx¿n] rfx]df h'g;'s}
txsf] cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2fsf] d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg
ug{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf To:tf] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf]df d]nldnfkaf6 ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg x'g
pko'Qm b]lvPdf d'2f x]g]{ GofofwLzn] To:tf] d'2f d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} d'2f d]nldnfksf dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ pko'Qm x'g] s'/f
cbfntnfO{ nfu]df / kIfx¿ d]nldnfksf] k|lqmofdf hfg ;xdt ePdf cbfntn]
d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 To:tf] d'2fsf] ;dfwfg ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df sfg"g adf]lhd d]nldnfksf]
dfWodaf6 d'2fsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof cjnDag ubf{ d'2fsf] ;dfwfg x'g] ePdf
kIfx¿n] ;f]]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] kIfx¿ aLr ldnfkq
u/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ldnfkq ;DaGWfdf bkmf !(# sf] pkbkmf -#_, -$_, -%_ /
-^_ sf Joj:yfx¿ o; bkmf adf]lhd d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 d'2f ;dfwfg ePsf]df
;d]t cfjZos x]/k]m/ ;lxt nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 d'2fsf] ;dfwfg ug{ cfb]z
lbOPsf]df ;f] dfWodaf6 d'2fsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df cbfntn] kIfx¿nfO{ tfl/v
tf]sL To:tf] d'2f sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!(%= ldnfkq jf d]nldnfk x'g g;Sg] M bkmf !(# jf !($ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL eO{ rn]sf] d'2f / ;fj{hlgs, ;/sf/L jf ;fd'bflos ;DklQ
;DaGwL d'2f kIfx¿ aLr ldnfkq x'g jf d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg]
5}g .

78
 t/ ;fj{hlgs, ;/sf/L jf ;fd'bflos ;DklQ sfod x'g] u/L ldnfkq ug{
afwf kg]{ 5}g .
!(^= bfaL lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL x'g] d'2fdf afx]s cGo s'g} klg d'2fdf
d'2fsf] kIfn] lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkqdf cfkm"n] lnPsf] bfaL TofuL ;f]
bfaL lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu jf cfkm\gf] bfaL ;fljt ug{ g;Sg] jf bfaLsf] k|of]hg ;dfKt
ePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ;f] lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu
d'2fsf] km};nf x'g' cl3 h'g;'s} avt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd
lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lng cg'dlt lbg] cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lng]
cfb]z ePdf cbfntn] ;f] d'2fsf] nut s6\6f ug'{ kg{]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s;}n] lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{
lnPsf]df ;f]xL JolQmn] To:tf] lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgdf ljkIf agfOPsf
JolQm pk/ ;f]xL ljifodf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
!(&= km};nf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;fdfGotof
;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg ePsf] lbgdf g} cbfntn] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ ljjfbsf] ljifodf lg0f{o u/L
/fo lstfadf clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ/fo lstfaÆ eGgfn] GofofwLzn] d'2fdf
7x/ u/]sf] ljifo / To;sf cfwf/ ;+lIfKt ¿kdf clen]v ug{ cbfntdf /flvPsf]
lstfa ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !(@ sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd ax; gf]6 bflvnf ug{ cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf]df cbfntn] ax; gf]6 k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2fsf] 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf hl6n sfg"gL jf
tYout k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf]n] To:tf] ljifodf ;f]xL lbg 7x/ ug{ g;lsg] eP s'g
ljifosf] sfg"gL jf tYout hl6n k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] xf] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
cbfntn] cfb]z lbPdf a9Ldf kGw| lbgleq lg0f{o ;'gfpg] lbgsf] tfl/v tf]Sg'
kg]{5 .

79
 -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]lsPsf]df cbfntn] ;f] lbg d'2fsf] 7x/
u/L /fo lstfadf clen]v u/L kIfx¿nfO{ lg0f{o ;'gfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ cbfntaf6 PstkmL{ km};nf ePsf]df To;/L km};nf ug{] cbfntn] To:tf]
km};nf tof/ eO{ k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq d'2fdf pkl:yt g/x]sf]
kIfsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fli6«o :t/sf b}lgs klqsfdf PstkmL{ km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf
k|sfzg ug{' kg{]5 / To;/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ d'2fdf xflh/ ePsf]
;DalGwt kIfn] Joxf]g{' kg{]5 .
-^_ cbfntaf6 km};nfsf] nflu ;'g'jfO{sf] ldlt tf]lsPsf]df To;/L tf]lsPsf]
ldlt cufj} d'2fsf] ;Dk"0f{ tYox¿ / a'lemPsf k|df0f ;lxtsf] Joxf]/f clen]v u/L
d'2fdf 7x/ ug{' kg]{ ljifo klg olsg u/L bkmf !(! adf]lhd ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' jf
/fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ d'2f lsgf/f eO{ /fo lstfadf n]lvPsf] cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] Joxf]/f
;DalGwt s'g} kIf jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] lng rfx]df cbfntn] To:tf] Joxf]/f
k|df0fLs/0f u/L kIfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!(*= km};nfsf] 9fFrf M -!_ bkmf !(@ adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df cbfntn] PSsfO{;
sfo{ lbgleq cg';"rL–!( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf km};nf tof/ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] km};nf ldlt pNn]v u/L GofofwLzn]
x:tfIf/ u/L k|df0fLs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ cbfntn] k|To]s xKtf To:tf] xKtfleq pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f
ePsf km};nfsf] ljj/0f cbfntsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L cfkm\gf] j]e;fO{6df ;d]t
/fVg' kg{]5 .
!((= k}m;nf ;+zf]wg ug{ gx'g] M bkmf !(* adf]lhd GofofwLzn] km};nf k|df0fLs/0f u/]kl5
OG;fkmdf km/s gkg]{ u/L ;fdfGo q'l6 ;Rofpg] afx]s s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fdfGo q'l6Æ eGgfn] 7x/ ul/Psf] ljifo /
OG;fkmdf km/s gkg]{ u/L km};nfdf ePsf cÍ / cIf/df ePsf] km/s, afbL, k|ltafbL
jf ;fIfLsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgfdWo] s'g} Pssf] pNn]vgsf] q'l6, 5kfO{ jf lk|lG6Ëdf
ePsf ;fgf ltgf q'l6 ;Demg' k5{ .

80
@))= km};nf ;'lgkfPsf] sfuh u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] km};nf ePkl5 d'2fsf]
kIf xflh/ /x]sf] eP lghnfO{ km};nf ;'gfO{ d'2f km};nf ePsf] ;'lg kfPsf] Joxf]/fsf]
sfuh u/fO{ ldl;ndf ;fd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kIf xflh/ g/x]sf]df lghsf] jfl/; eP jfl/;nfO{
To:tf] sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd km};nf ;'gfpFbf s'g} kIf pkl:yt gePdf d'2f
km};nf ug]{ cbfntn] km};nf tof/ ePsf] tLg lbgleq To:tf] kIfsf] gfddf cg';"rL–
@) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kl/R5]b–* adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L cfkm}Fn] jf tNnf]
cbfnt dfkm{t k'g/fj]bg nfUg] ePdf km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf ;lxt k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb /
k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] ePdf km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf tfd]n ug{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu km};nf ubf{sf] avt d'2fsf] kIf cfkm}F,
lghsf] jfl/; pkl:yt ePsf] jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foL pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL
u/]sf] /x]5 eg] d'2fsf] kIf pkl:yt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!*
d'ntaL tyf :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@)!= d'ntaL /fVg ;Sg] M -!_ ljleGg cbfntdf bfo/ eO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d'2fx¿ dWo]
s'g} Ps cbfntdf /x]sf] d'2fsf] lsgf/f geO{ csf]{ cbfntdf /x]sf] d'2fsf] lsgf/f
x'g g;Sg] jf ug{ gx'g] ePdf, s'g} Pp6f d'2fsf] lsgf/f ubf{ csf]{ d'2fsf] lg0f{odf
tflTjs c;/ kg]{ sf/0f b]vfO{ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf jf d'2fsf] sf/afxL jf
;'g'jfO{sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} d'2f d'ntaL /fVg cfjZos b]lvPdf cbfntn] To;sf]
sf/0f v['nfO{ To:tf] d'2f d'ntaL /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} d'2f cbfntaf6 d'ntjL /fVg] cfb]z ePsf]df
To;sf] hfgsf/L d'2fsf kIfx¿ / csf]{ d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cbfntnfO{ t'?Gt lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf To:tf] d'2f /x]sf] cbfntn] ;f]
d'2f lsgf/f u/]kl5 tL; lbgleq km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2f
d'ntaL /x]sf] cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .

81
 -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f lsgf/f u/]kl5 cbfntn] d'2fsf kIf tfl/vdf
/x]sf] eP / d'2f d'ntaL /x]sf] cbfntdf tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{ eP kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]sL
d'2f d'ntaL /x]sf] cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljleGg cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d'2fx¿dWo] s'g d'2f d'ntaL /fVg] eGg] ljifodf cbfntx¿ aLr
km/s /fo ePdf To:tf] ljifodf ;DalGwt cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf t'?Gt
k|ltj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To:tf]
ljifodf Ps dlxgfleq pko'Qm cfb]z ug]{5 / To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd ;DalGwt
cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd d'2f d'ntaL /fVg] ljifodf km/s km/s /fo ePsf
cbfntx¿sf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfnt leGg leGg ePdf To:tf] ljifodf ;jf{]Rr
cbfntdf tTsfn k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k/]sf]df ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] To:tf] ljifodf
tLg dlxgfleq pko'Qm cfb]z ug]{5 / To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd ;DalGwt cbfntn]
d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug]{5 .
@)@= d'ntaL /x]sf] d'2f hufpg] M -!_ bkmf @)! adf]lhd d'ntaL /flvPsf] d'2f hufO{
sf/afxL ug{' kg]{ ePdf d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] To;sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ cbfnt ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn]
lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd d'ntaL /x]sf] d'2f hufO{ ;'g'jfO{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg csf]{ cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2fsf] lg0f{o ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf jf d'2f d'ntaL /fvL
/fVg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gb]lvPdf cbfntn] d'ntjL /x]sf] d'2f t'?Gt hufO{ sf/afxL ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ cbfntn] d'2f d'ntaL /fVbf tfl/vdf /x]sf kIfnfO{ tfl/v 6'6fO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .

82
 -%_ cbfntn] d'ntaL hufpFbf d'2f d'ntjL /xFbfsf avt tfl/vdf /x]sf
kIfx¿nfO{ ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ lemsfO{ d'2fdf sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
@)#= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#$ sf] pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf s'g} pRr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf lemsfO{
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#$ sf] pkwf/f -@_
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf Ps pRr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f csf]{ pRr cbfntdf ;f/L
To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !$% sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf]
cj:yfdf cfˆgf] dftxtsf] Ps lhNnf cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2f dftxtsf]
csf]{ lhNnf cbfntdf ;f/L ;'g'jfO{ ug{] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf] d'2f ;fg{] cj:yf ljBdfg eP jf gePsf]
ljifosf] lg0f{o d'2fsf ;DalGwt kIfsf] lgj]bg jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6 k|fKt ePsf]
hfgsf/Laf6 ul/g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] cbfntn] ;jf]{Rr
cbfnt jf pRr cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f
ug]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd csf]{ cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] lsgf/f eP klg
To:tf] cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf pk/ z'?df lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntdf g} k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
@)$= ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dftxtsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} d'2fdf
;+ljwfg jf cGo s'g} sfg"gsf] JofVof ;DaGwL hl6n k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] jf
;fj{hlgs dxTj jf ;/f]sf/sf] k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf]n] To:tf] k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ePkl5
dfq ;f] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f x'g pko'Qm x'g] s'/f d'2fsf] s'g} kIfsf] lgj]bg jf
;DalGWft cbfntsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 b]lvg cfPdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;f]sf]] sf/0f v'nfO{
To:tf] d'2f cfkm}Fn] lemsfO{ ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ cfb]z ug]{5 .

83
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePdf ;DalGwt cbfntn]
To:tf] d'2fsf] ldl;n ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k7fO{ d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L
u/fO{ tfl/v tf]sL ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf]
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ jf To;df ;dfj]z ePsf] hl6n ;+j}wflgs jf ;fj{hlgs
dxTjsf] k|Zgsf] lg?k0f u/L afFsL ljifodf lsgf/fsf nflu ldl;n ;DalGwt
cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd afFsL ljifosf] sf/afxLsf] nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]
;DalGwt cbfntdf ldl;n k7fpFbf kIfx¿nfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ tfl/v tf]sL
To:tf] cbfntdf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b–!(
k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@)%= lgwf{l/t cjlwleq k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df
afx]s z'? d'2f x]g]{ cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn] km};nf ePsf]
yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] d'2fdf d'2fsf] kIf jf lghsf] jfl/; cbfntdf xflh/ eO{
km};nf ;'g]sf]df ;'lgkfPsf] sfuh u/]sf] ldltn] / kIf xflh/ geO{ km};nf ePsf]
;"rgf hf/L ePsf]df To:tf] ;"rgf tfd]n ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ug]{
Dofb sfod x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;'g'jfO{sf] lbg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] tfl/vdf
d'2fsf] kIf cfkm}F jf lghsf] jfl/; pkl:yt ePsf] /x]5 / To;/L tfl/v tf]lsPsf]
lbgdf g} d'2fsf] km};nf ePsf] /x]5 eg] d'2fsf] kIfn] km};nf ePsf] yfxf kfPsf]
dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu yfxf kfPsf] lbg u0fgf ubf{ bkmf !(*
adf]lhd GofofwLzn] km};nf k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf] lbgaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg km};nf ;'gL kfPsf]
sfuh gu/]sf] jf km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf tfd]n gePsf] eP d'2fsf] kIfn] d'2f km};nf

84
 k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf km};nfsf] gSsn lnPsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@)^= k'g/fj]bg nfUg g;Sg] cj:yf M bkmf @)% df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ sfg"g adf]lhd Dofb k|fKt jf tfd]n ePkl5 k|ltpQ/kq glbO{ jf
k|ltjfb gu/L Dofb u'hf/]sf] ePdf,
-v_ d'2fdf ldnfkq u/]sf] ePdf,
-u_ bfaL lkmtf{ lnPsf] ePdf,
-3_ lkm/fb l8;ld; ePsf]df,
t/ a]/Ltk"j{s lkm/fb l8;ld; ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@)&= k'g/fj]bg ubf{ cbfntL z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ M -!_ k'g/fj]bg ubf{ sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg]
cbfntL z'Ns a'emfPsf] lg:;f k'g/fj]bg ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2f km};nf x'Fbfsf avt
cbfntL z'Ns ltg{ cbfntaf6 cg'dlt ePsf]df cbfntL z'Ns bflvnf ePsf] lg:;f
geP klg k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
@)*= k'g/fj]bgkqsf] 9fFrf M -!_ k'g/fj]bg ug{ rfxg]n] cg';"rL–@! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
k'g/fj]bg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ k'g/fj]bg ubf{ lzi6 efiffdf k'g/fj]bgkq n]vL k'g/fj]bg lhls/nfO{ k'li6
ug]{ cfjZos sfuhft k'g/fj]bgkq ;fy ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ k'g/fj]bg ubf{ tLg ;o ?k}ofF k'g/fj]bg b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
@)(= k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k'g/fj]bg ubf{ h'g cbfntsf]
km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ xf] ;f] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgkq
btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s;}n] k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ NofPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
k'g/fj]bg bkmf @)% adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq btf{ ug{ NofP jf gNofPsf], k'g/fj]bg ubf{
nfUg] b:t'/ bflvnf u/] jf gu/]sf] / k'g/fj]bg o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /Lt k'u] jf
gk'u]sf] hfFrL /Lt k'u]sf] b]lvPdf btf{ u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

85
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg hfFr ubf{ /Lt gk'u]sf] b]lvPdf cbfntn]
k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ gu/L ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ b/kL7 ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
@!)= d'2f km};nf ug]{ cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf @)( df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2f km};nf ug]{ cbfnt dfkm{t klg k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ NofPdf To:tf] cbfntn] bkmf
@)( adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] k'g/fj]bgkq ;DalGwt ldl;n ;+nUg u/L
tLg lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ u/fpg] k'g/fj]bsn] tfl/vdf a:g
rfx]df ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf xflh/ x'g] u/L tfl/v tf]sL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@!!= ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" jxfn /x]sf] Onfsfsf] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ ;Sg] M -
!_ s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] xs, lxt / ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug'{
k/]df / lgh ;/sf/L sfdsf] sf/0fn] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf cfkm}F pkl:yt x'g
g;Sg] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ cfk"m jxfn /x]sf] Onfsfdf To; lsl;dsf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfnt eP To:tf] cbfnt dfkm{t jf To:tf] cbfnt geP cfk"m jxfn
/x]sf] Onfsfsf] lhNnf cbfnt dfkm{t k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ NofPsf]df To:tf] cbfntn] bkmf
@)( adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePsf]df k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ug]{
cbfntn] tLg lbgleq k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ePsf] / k'g/fj]bg ug]{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/L
;f] Onfsfdf axfn /x]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/L ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
To:tf] k'g/fj]bgkq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug]{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] tfl/vdf a:g rfx]df
k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug]{ cbfntn] lghnfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@!@= d'2fsf] ldl;n lemsfpg] M -!_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePsf] tLg
lbgleq ;f] d'2fsf] ldl;n lemsfpg ;DalGwt cbfntdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .

86
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ldl;n dfu ePsf]df kq k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbgleq
;DalGwt cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf ldl;n k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@!#= k|ToyL{nfO{ pkl:yt x'g cfb]z lbg] M -!_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] bkmf @!@ adf]lhd
tNnf] cbfntaf6 ldl;n k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq k'g/fj]bssf] dfu adf]lhd
k|ToyL{nfO{ lemsfO{ d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ jf gkg]{ ljifodf ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ tNnf] cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o km/s kg]{
gb]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] 7x/] adf]lhd lg0f{o ug]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ tNnf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o km/s
kg{ ;Sg] b]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu
k|ToyL{ lemsfpg] cfb]z ug{]5 .
@!$= k|ToyL{nfO{ Dofb tfd]n ug]{ M -!_ bkmf @!# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|ToyL{ lemsfpg]
cfb]z ePdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k|ToyL{sf] gfpFdf af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s kGw|
lbgleq pkl:yt x'g cg';"rL–@@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf Dofb tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn]
rfx]df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb cfkm}Fn] jf z'? d'2f km};nf ug]{ cbfnt dfkm{t
kl/R5]b–* adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ tfd]n ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ePkl5 k|ToyL{n] rfx]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntdf lnlvt k|ltjfb k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|ToyL{n] rfx]df cbfntn] lghnfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL d'2fdf sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{
/ lsgf/f ul/g]5 .
@!%= k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf @!$ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ePkl5 k|ToyL{
pkl:yt eO{ k'g/fj]bs tyf k|ToyL{ b'j} tfl/vdf /x]sf] eP ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu k]zL
tfl/v tf]sL ;f]xL lbg / lghx¿dWo] b'j} jf s'g} Ps kIf tfl/vdf g/x]sf] eP klg
k'g/fj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{ x'g] tfl/v tf]sL k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ bkmf @!$ adf]lhd Dofb tfd]n ePkl5 k|ToyL{ pkl:yt gePdf klg
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{ u/]kl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] 7x/] adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .

87
 -$_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg pk/ km};nf ubf{ cg';"rL–@#
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@!^= k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/ M bkmf @!% adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf ;'g'jfO{
ubf{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 M–
-s_ tNnf] cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ jf ab/ ug]{,
-v_ tNnf] cbfntsf] km};nf cf+lzs jf k"/} pN6L ug]{,
-u_ a'em\g' kg]{ k|df0f ga'emL km};nf ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] k|df0f cfkm}F
a'em\g] jf tNnf] cbfntnfO{ a'em\g cfb]z lbg],
-3_ d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifo ;Daf]wg geO{ lg0f{o ePsf] eP To:tf]
ljifodf cfkm}Fn] 7x/ ug]{ jf To:tf] ljifodf 7x/ ug{ tNnf] cbfntdf
k7fpg],
-ª_ tNnf] cbfntsf] km};nfdf cfg'ifflËs jf k|f;f+lus kl/jt{g ug]{ .
@!&= z'? cbfntsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ M k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lg0f{o ubf{ z'? cbfntsf] clwsf/
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@!*= Ps};fy ;'g'jfO{ u/L lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ Ps} d'2fdf tNnf] cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o
pk/ d'2fsf ljleGg kIfsf] a]Unfa]Un} k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] /x]5 eg] klg ;a} k'g/fj]bg
pk/ Ps};fy ;'g'jfO{ u/L 7x/] adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ sf/0fj; s'g} k'g/fj]bgsf] klxn] g} lg0f{o
eO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] klg To:tf] k'g/fj]bgsf] klxn] lg0f{o geP ;/x 7fgL afFsL
k'g/fj]bgaf6 d'2fdf 7x/] adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–@)
d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@!(= d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg]] M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg gnfUg] d'2fdf
pRr cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf
bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ pRr cbfntsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf ;+j}wflgs jf
sfg"gsf] JofVofdf uDeL/ q'l6 ePsf],

88
 -v_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 :yflkt sfg"gL l;4fGt jf glh/sf] kfng
gu/]sf] jf unt lsl;dn] JofVof u/L k|of]u u/]sf],
-u_ ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfj]z ePsf]
d'2fdf ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0fsf] plrt / ;xL d"NofÍg gePsf]
sf/0fn] To:tf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf jf Iflt ePsf] jf To:tf]
;DklQdf cglws[t ¿kdf JolQm ljz]ifsf] :jfldTj jf ef]u
sfod ePsf], jf
-3_ afns, dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, dfgl;s /f]uaf6 kLl8t
jf krxQ/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf] JolQmsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g
g;sL OG;fkmdf tflTjs c;/ u/]sf] .
-@_ pRr cbfntaf6 d'2f km};nf ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] k}FtfnL; lbgleq
To:tf] lg0f{o ug]{ pRr cbfnt dfkm{t jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{sf]
nflu lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbg] lgj]bg ;fy tf]lsP adf]lhdsf ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft ;+nUg ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{sf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf
;jf]{Rr cbfntn] pRr cbfntsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
cj:yf /x] jf g/x]sf] ;DaGwdf ;'g'jfO{ ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ pRr cbfntsf] km};nf jf clGtd
cfb]zdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvPdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] d'2f
bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{sf] nflu To:tf] d'2fsf cGo kIfnfO{ lemsfpg] cfb]z ug]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2fsf cGo kIf pkl:yt ePdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]
lghnfO{ ;d]t /fvL d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L km};nf ug]{5 .
t/ d'2fsf] cGo kIf pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] d'2fsf] km};nf ug{ s'g} afwf kg]{
5}g .
@@)= k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} cbfntaf6 km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z
ul/;s]sf] d'2f ;f]xL cbfntaf6 k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5}g .

89
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ d'2fdf ePsf] OG;fkmdf tflTjs c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf] s'g} k|df0f
jf tYo d'2fsf] lsgf/f ePkl5 dfq ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ yfxf
ePdf jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] kQf nfu]df, jf
-v_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 :yflkt glh/ jf sfg"gL l;4fGtsf] k|lts"n
km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z ePsf] b]lvPdf .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzn]
km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf x:tfIf/ u/L k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq
;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf lgj]bg lbPsf]
eP To:tf] glh/ jf l;4fGtsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t ;+nUg ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f hfFra'em ubf{ dgfl;a
b]lvPdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-%_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfˆgf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ 5}g M–
-s_ Ps k6s To:tf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
ul/;s]sf],
-v_ a[xt k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z ePsf],
-u_ ;+j}wflgs Ohnf;af6 lg0f{o ePsf],
-3_ of] P]g k|f/De x'g'cl3 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{
km};nf ePsf], jf
-ª_ bkmf @!( adf]lhd bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/Psf] d'2fdf pRr cbfntsf]
OG;fkm ;b/ ePsf] jf bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f gePsf] .
@@!= ;Dj4 ljifodf ;Lldt eO{ d'2f lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{ M bkmf @!( adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{
x]bf{ jf bkmf @@) adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] h'g cfwf/df d'2f

90
 bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{ jf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ cfb]z u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL cfwf/ / ;Dj4 ljifodf dfq
;Lldt /xL d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–@!
Dofb tyf tfl/v ydfpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@@@= Dofb jf tfl/v u'hfg{ gx'g] M s;}n] klg s'g} d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf cbfntaf6 lbPsf]
Dofb jf tfl/v u'hfg{ x'Fb}g .
@@#= u'h|]sf] Dofb jf tfl/v ydfpg ;Sg] M bkmf @@@ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} d'2fdf cfk\mgf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ tf]lsPsf] Dofb jf tfl/vsf
lbg cbfntdf pkl:Yft x'g g;sL Dofb jf tfl/v u'h|]sf]df u'hfg]{ kIfn] Dofbsf]
xsdf kGw| lbg;Dd Psk6s / tfl/vsf] xsdf a9Ldf b'O{k6s PSsfO{; lbg;Dd
ydfpg ;Sg]5 .
@@$= k6s sfod ug]{ M -!_ d'2fsf kIfn] tfl/v u'hf/]sf]df k6s sfod ubf{ Dofb ydfPsf]
k6s sfod gu/L tfl/v u'hf/]sf] dfq lx;fa u/L k6s sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ d'2fsf kIfn] Dofb jf tfl/v u'hf/]sf]df ydfpgsf] nflu lbg u0fgf ubf{
Dofb jf tfl/v u'h|]sf] lbgsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv ydfpg kfpg] lbg;Ddsf] lbg u0fgf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntaf6 s'g} d'2fdf
k'gM OG;fkm ug{ dftxt cbfntdf d'2f k7fPsf]df jf d'ntaL /x]sf] d'2f hufO{
sf/afxL ubf{ cl3 yfd] ydfPsf] Dofb jf tfl/vsf] k6s sfod ul/g] 5}g .
@@%= u'lh|Psf] Dofb jf tfl/v yfldg] cj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s;}n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ Dofb jf tfl/v
u'lh|Psf] s'/f pNn]v u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ydfpg ;DalGwt cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf] u'h|]sf] Dofb jf tfl/v ydfpg] cfb]z lbg]5 M–
-s_ Dofb jf tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQmsf] sf]xL d/L lghsf]
;d'bfodf /x]sf] l/t k/Dk/f cg';f/ cfkm}F lsl/of jf zf]sj/0f
u/L a:g' k/]sf] sf/0faf6 Dofb jf tfl/v u'lh|Psf] eP To;/L
d[To' ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s PSsfO{; lbg,

91
 -v_ Dofb jf tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ dlxnf ;'Ts]/L ePsf] sf/0f
Dofb jf tfl/v u'lh|Psf] eP lgh ;'Ts]/L ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf]]
Dofb afx]s k}FtfnL; lbg,
-u_ af9L, klx/f], lxdkft, af6f] aGb eO{ jf sˆo{"sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf]
jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg aGb ePsf]
sf/0f Dofb jf tfl/v u'lh|Psf] eP af6f] v'n]sf] jf ;fj{hlgs
oftfoftsf] ;fwg v'n]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbg,
-3_ Dofb jf tfl/vdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ s;}n] ckx/0f u/L
nu]sf] jf z/L/ aGws agfPsf] sf/0f Dofb jf tfl/v u'lh|Psf]
eP ckx/0f jf z/L/ aGwsaf6 d'Qm ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf]
Dofb afx]s bz lbg,
-ª_ e"sDk, Hjfnfd'vL cflb h:tf ljkb\ k/]sf] sf/0f Dofb jf
tfl/v u'lh|Psf] eP To:tf] ljkb\ ePsf ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb
afx]s bz lbg .
-r_ s'g} b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f cr]t eO{ jf crfgs s'g} uDeL/ /f]usf]
sf/0f lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] eO{ c:ktfndf egf{ eO{ pkrf/ ug'{
k/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sf/0f k/]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
kGw| lbg .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u'lh|Psf] Dofb jf tfl/v ydfpg lbOg] lgj]bg ;fy
;f] pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f k'li6 ug{ cfjZos kg{] k|df0f
;+nUg ug{' kg{]5 .
@@^= d'2f ;sf/ ug{] M -!_ s'g} cbfntdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf]
d'2fsf] km};nf gx'Fb} d'2fsf] s'g} kIfsf] d[To' ePdf jf bkmf @@% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf]
v08 -r_ sf] cjlw;Dd klg xf]; 7]ufgdf g/xL jf lgh j]kQf e} cbfntaf6
tf]lsPsf] Dofb jf tfl/v u'h|]df To;/L d[To' ePsf], xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] jf j]kQf
ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s PSsfO{; lbgleq Dofb jf tfl/v ydfO{ d'2f ;sf/
u/L kfpg lghsf] ;+/Ifs jf lgh gePdf glhssf] xsjfnfn] cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg ;Sg]5 .

92
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf
cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f ;sf/ ug{ lbO{ u'h|]sf] Dofb jf tfl/v yfdL lbg ;Sg]5 .
@@&= af6fsf] Dofb lx;fa ug]{ M -!_ cbfntn] af6fsf] Dofbsf] lx;fa ubf{ oftfoftsf]
lgoldt ;]jf rn]sf] 7fpFdf /]n jf a;af6 cfpFbf jf:tljs nfu]sf] lbg / To:tf] /]n
jf a; grn]sf] 7fpFsf] nflu kGw| lsnf]ld6/sf] Ps lbgsf] b/n] lx;fa ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd af6fsf] Dofb lx;fa ubf{ kGw| lsnf]ld6/ b]lv 36L
b'/LnfO{ Ps lbgsf] Dofb sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ hDdf kGw| lsnf]ld6/ eGbf 36L] b'/Lsf] af6f]nfO{ af6fsf] Dofb lbOg] 5}g .
@@*= ydfpg kfpg] cjlw;Dd lsgf/f ug{ gx'g] M d'2fsf kIfn] cbfntn] tf]s]sf] Dofb jf
tfl/vdf cg'kl:yt eO{ Dofb jf tfl/v u'hf/]df klg bkmf @@# jf @@% adf]lhd
ydfpg kfpg] cjlw ;dfKt geP;Dd d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L lsgf/f ug{ x'Fb}g .
kl/R5]b–@@
km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@@(= nut tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntaf6 rng rnfpg], bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/L u/fpg],
lgvgfO{ lbg], c+za08f u/L lbg], lauf] e/fpg], hl/afgf c;'n ug]{ jf cbfntL z'Ns
e/fO{ lbg] ;d]t u/L km};nf ePsf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] km};nf tof/ ePsf] tLg
lbgleq ;f] ;DaGwL nut oyfzLw| tof/ u/L txl;n zfvfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælauf]Æ eGgfn] km};nf adf]lhd e/fpg'
kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ ;d]tsf] h'g;'s} /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd nut k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] km};nf
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg u/L ;f] ;DaGwL 5'§} ldl;n v8f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nut k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 tof/ ePsf]df
;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] km};nf tof/ ePsf] tLg lbgleq To:tf] ldl;n nut ;lxt
;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@#)= ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntn] km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug]{ M -!_ s'g} d'2fsf] km};nf
h'g;'s} txsf] cbfntaf6 ePklg To:tf] d'2fdf ePsf] km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog lkm/fbkq
jf ph'/L bfo/ ePsf] lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 .

93
 -@_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] km};nf
sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d'2fsf] ljifoj:t'sf
sf/0f km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhNnf cbfnt olsg x'g g;s]df k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntn] tf]s]sf] lhNnf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf] km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjog
ug]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgoldt cbfntaf6
afx]s cGo lgsfoaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGWft lgsfon]
ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg km};nf jf cfb]z
sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf gePsf]df cbfntn] o;} P]g
adf]lhd km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .
-^_ cbfntaf6 s;}nfO{ s'g} kbdf axfnL ug{ jf kbaf6 x6fpg km};nf jf
cfb]z ePsf]df o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s To:tf]
km};nf jf cfb]z ePsf] tLg lbgleq To:tf] km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjogsf nflu
To:tf] km};nf jf cfb]z ug{] cbfntn] ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg'
kg{]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{non] klg
n]vL cfP adf]lhd tL; lbgleq sfof{Gjog u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 . To:tf] hfgsf/L glbPdf ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{nosf]
k|d'v eO{ sfd ug{] JolQmnfO{ cbfntn] ljefuLo sf/afxL ;d]t ug{ cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
@#!= k}m;nf sfof{Gjog :ylut x'g] M bkmf @#) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
cbfntn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf k}m;nfsf] sfof{Gjog :yug ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k'g/fj]bg nfUg]df k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] Dofb e'Qmfg geP;Dd,
-v_ sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] eP
k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f geP;Dd,

94
 -u_ bkmf @!( adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] cfb]z ePsf]df To;sf] lsgf/f
geP;Dd,
-3_ bkmf @@) adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfb]z ePsf]df To;sf] clGtd
lsgf/f geP;Dd .
@#@= k}m;nf jf ldnfkq sfof{Gjog ug{ afwf gkg]{ M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf km};nf jf ldnfkq sfof{Gjog ug{ afwf kg]{
5}g M–
-s_ s'g} d'2fdf ePsf] km};nf pk/ k'g/fjnf]sg jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF egL
kIfn] lbPsf] lgj]bg ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] cGoyf
cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s To:tf] lgj]bg k/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq To:tf] d'2fdf
ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{,
-v_ s;}n] k}m;nf jf ldnfkq ab/ d'2f bfo/ u/] klg cbfntn]] cGoyf
cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s To:tf] d'2fdf ePsf] k}m;nf jf ldnfkq
sfof{Gjog ug{,
-u_ s'g} d'2fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog tTsfn gu/]df d'2fsf] ljifoj:t'sf]
¿kdf /x]sf] ;DklQ lau|g] b]lvPdf jf Ifltk"lt{ ltg'{ kg]{ d'2fdf lhTg]
kIfn] kl5 k'g/fj]bg txaf6 d'2f xf/]df csf]{ kIfnfO{ kg{ uPsf]
gf]S;fgL afktsf] Ifltk"lt{ Joxf]g]{ lnlvt k|ltj¢tf JoQm u/]df
cbfntn] z'? km};nf ePkl5 To:tf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg kg]{ Dofb e'QmfgL
x'g' jf k'g/fj]bg km};nf x'g' cufj} To:tf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{,
-3_ cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} d'2fsf] s'g} ljifodf d'2fsf kIfx¿
aLr ;xdlt ePdf / To;/L ;xdlt ePsf] ljifo 5'§fP/ km};nf
sfof{Gjog ug{ ldNg] eO{ cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePdf .
@##= jfl/; /fVg ;Sg] M km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf d'2fsf] s'g} kIf cfkm}F pkl:yt
x'g g;Sg] ePdf To; k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] jfl/; lgo'Qm u/L k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
@#$= ldnfkq jf d]nldnfk ug{ df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kIfx¿n] ldnfkq jf d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 km};nfsf]

95
 sfof{Gjog ug{ rfx]df ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L cbfntdf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5g\ .
t/ ;/sf/L lauf] c;'n ug]{ ljifodf ldnfkq jf d]nldnfk ug{ lgj]bg lbg
;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ldnfkq jf d]nldnfksf] nflu kIfx¿af6 lgj]bg
k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] dgfl;a cjlw tf]sL kIfx¿nfO{ ldnfkq jf d]nldnfksf]
dfWodåf/f km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ cj;/ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] cjlwleq kIfx¿ ldnfkq jf d]nldnfksf]
dfWodaf6 km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xdlt ePdf ;DalGwt cbfnt jf cbfntsf
txl;nbf/sf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf clws[tn] sfg"g adf]lhd kIfx¿ aLr ldnfkq
u/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq kIfx¿ ldnfkq jf d]nldnfksf]
dfWodaf6 km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xdt gePdf cbfntn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf]
k|lqmof cjnDag u/L km};nf sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
@#%= kIfx¿nfO{ tfl/vdf /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2f km};nf ug]{ z'? cbfntn] rng rnfO{ lbg],
bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/L u/L lbg], lgvgfO{ lbg] jf c+za08f u/L lbg], lauf] e/L kfpg]
;d]t u/L km};nf u/]sf]df d'2fsf kIfx¿ cbfntdf xflh/ /x]sf] eP cbfntn]
km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf] lgldQ kIfx¿nfO{ To:tf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb
e'Qmfg x'g] cjlw s6fO{ tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg;Dd To:tf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg
k/]df pRr cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd x'g] u/L cbfntn] kIfx¿sf] tfl/v 6'6fO{
To:tf] d'2fsf] ldl;n tfd]nLdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 ;d]t clGtd k}m;nf ePkl5 pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd d'2fsf kIfx¿ cbfntdf xflh/ /x]sf] eP km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf]
lgldQ kIfx¿nfO{ tfl/v tf]sL xflh/ x'g / kIfx¿ xflh/ g/x]sf] eP ;f]xL Joxf]/f
hgfO{ d'2fsf] ldl;n ;DalGwt z'? cbfntdf k7fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

96
 -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd z'? cbfntdf kIfx¿ xflh/ x'g cfPdf cbfntn]
pkl:yt eP;Ddsf kIfnfO{ k}m;nf sfof{Gjogsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu tfl/vdf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 kIfx¿ tfl/vdf g/x]sf]
Joxf]/f n]vL cfPdf, kIfx¿ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf cbfntdf xflh/ x'g gcfPdf jf z'?
cbfntsf] k}m;nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg gk/L d'2f clGtd ePdf / s'g} d'2fsf kIf
cbfntdf xflh/ gePdf z'? cbfntn] k}m;nf sfof{Gjogsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
kIfx¿nfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g cg';"rL–@$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kGw| lbgsf] Dofb
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ d'2fsf b'j} kIf jf s'g} kIf tfl/vdf g/x]sf] eP tfl/vdf g/x]sf] kIfnfO{
ldl;n k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbgleq To:tf] Dofb k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]
l;nl;nfdf s'g} kIfnfO{ tfl/vdf /fVg cfjZos gb]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] kIfnfO{
tfl/vdf /fVg] 5}g .
@#^= yk b:t'/ lnO{ km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd Dofb hf/L
ePsf]df Dofb gf3]kl5 / Dofb jf tfl/v u'hf/]sf]df d'2f ;sf/ ug]{ jf u'h]|sf] tfl/v
ydfpg] Dofb gf3]kl5 d'2fsf] kIf km};nf sfof{Gjog u/fpg cfPdf cbfntn] km};nf
sfof{Gjog ubf{ nfUg] b:t'/sf] Dofb gf3]sf] 5 dlxgfleq eP bz k|ltzt / Ps
jif{leq eP kRrL; k|ltzt yk b:t'/ lnO{ km};nf sfof{Gjog ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq klg km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ kIf xflh/
gePdf o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s cbfntn] To:tf] km};nf
sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL sf/afxL tfd]nLdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
@#&= d'2f ;sf/ ug{ jf u'h]|sf] tfl/v ydfpg kfpg] M -!_ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf
d'2fsf] s'g} kIfsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] xsjfnfn] o; P]g adf]lhd To:tf] d'2f ;sf/
ug{ kfpg]5 .
-@_ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} kIfn] tfl/v u'hf/]df lghn] o; P]g
adf]lhd u'h|]sf] tfl/v ydfpg ;Sg]5 .

97
@#*= rng rnfpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ k}m;nf adf]lhd cbfntn] rng rnfO{ lbP afkt rng
rnfpg] ;DklQsf] lauf] v'n]sf] eP lauf]sf] tLg k|ltzt / lauf] gv'n]sf] eP Ps
xhf/ ?k}ofF rng kfpg]n] 8f]/ v6fpg'cl3 cbfntdf bflvnf ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd rng rnfO{ kfpg] JolQmn] /sd a'emfPdf cbfntn]
/sd a'emfPs} lbg rng rnfpg] 8f]/ vl6g] lbg tf]sL To;sf] ;"rgf ;lxt
kIfx¿nfO{ rng rnfpg] 7fpFdf xflh/ x'g] u/L tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 / rng rnfO{
lbg' kg]{ kIf tfl/vdf g/x]sf] ePdf cbfntn] To; s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;ft lbgleq To:tf]
kIfnfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]Sbf jf ;"rgf lbFbf rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{
;DklQ 3/ jf hUuf ePdf To:tf] 3/ jf hUuf ;ft lbgleq vfnL ug{ ;"rgf ;d]t
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{ ;DklQ d'2fsf kIf afx]s cGo JolQmsf] ef]u jf
sAhfdf eP cbfntn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t 8f]/ v6L hfg] 7fpFdf pkl:yt x'g
;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbgdf cbfntn] 8f]/ v6fO{ To:tf] ;DklQ
km};nf adf]lhd rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ km};nf adf]lhd rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{ s'g} 3/ jf hUufsf] lbzf jf tkm{
gv'n]sf] eP cbfntn] kIfx¿nfO{ /f]xa/df /fvL g/d u/d ldnfO{ 5'6\ofO{ uf]nf xfnL
To:tf] 3/ jf hUuf rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ cbfntn] o; bkmf adf]lhd rng rnfpFbf xflh/ eP;Ddsf rng rnfO{
lbg] / kfpg] kIf jf lghsf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df :yfgLo txsf k|ltlglw / sDtLdf
b'O{ hgf ;fIfL /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{ JolQm jf c? s;}n] rng rnfpg afwf lj/f]w
u/]df cbfntn] cfjZostf cg';f/ an k|of]u u/L rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;}n] rng rnfO{
lbg' kg]{ 3/ jf k;nleq s'g} ;DklQ /fvL tfNrf df/L /fv]sf]df rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{
3/ jf k;n ef]u jf sAhf ug]{ JolQm xflh/ eP vf]Ng nufO{ rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{5
/ To:tf] JolQm xflh/ gePdf ;ft lbgleq To:tf] 3/ jf k;ndf nfu]sf] tfNrf

98
vf]nL lbgsf] nflu To:tf] rng rnfpg' kg]{ 3/ jf k;nsf] 9f]sfdf cg';"rL–@%
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;"rgf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt JolQmn] 3/ jf k;nsf]
tfNrf gvf]n]df To:tf] Dofb gf3]kl5 cbfntn] oyfzL3| To:tf] tfNrf vf]nL ;f] 3/
jf k;n rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd rng rnfpg] l;nl;nfdf 3/ jf k;nleq s'g}
;DklQ km]nf kf/]df p;} avt cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L To:tf]
;DklQ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ pkbkmf -!!_ adf]lhd lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
k}FtL; lbgleq lkmtf{ lng cfpg] af/]sf] ;ft lbg] ;"rgf To:tf] 3/ jf k;n /x]sf]
7fFpdf 6fF; ug{' kg]{5 / To;/L lbPsf] Dofbleq klg To:tf] ;DklQ lng gcfPdf
cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL u/L k|fKt /sd ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ tTsfn
a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ pkbkmf -!@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL eO{ k|fKt ePsf] /sd
;DalGwt JolQmn] tTsfn ga'em]df cbfntn] To:tf] /sd w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkbkmf -!#_ adf]lhd w/f}6L vftfdf /sd hDdf ePsf] Ps jif{leq
;DalGwt JolQmn] /sd a'em\g cfPdf cbfntn] bz k|ltzt /sd s6fO{ afFsL /sd
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf] /sd lkmtf{
lng gcfPdf cbfntn] To:tf] /sd ;/sf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!^_ cbfntaf6 Psk6s rng rnfO{ lbPsf] ;DklQ rng g5f8L s;}n]
lvrf]nf u/]df cbfntn] lvrf]nf u/]sf] k6s} lkR5] kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b u/L klxn] rng rnfO{ lbPsf] ;DklQ km};nf adf]lhd k'gM
rng rnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 / To; k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'§} lkm/fb lbg' kg{] 5}g . To;/L rng
rnfO{ lbP afkt yk b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .

99
 -!&_ rng rnfpg] ;DklQ cGo Onfsfsf] eP cbfntn] rng rnfpg
;DalGwt kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]sL ldl;n ;lxt To:tf] Onfsfsf] lhNnf cbfntdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!*_ pkbkmf -!&_ adf]lhd rng rnfpg n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt cbfntn]
sfg"g adf]lhd rng rnfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfntaf6 rng rnfO{ lbO{ ;s]kl5 cbfntn] ;f]sf]
lg:;f rng kfpg] kIfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@)_ cbfntn] kIfx¿ cbfntdf xflh/ ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq rng rnfO{ lbO{
;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@!_ rng rnfpFbf nfu]sf] jf:tljs vr{ ;DalGwt kIfn] Joxf]g{' kg{]5 .
-@@_ rng rnfO{ kfpg] kIfn] km};nf adf]lhd rng rnfO{ kfpg dfu u/]
;f]xL adf]lhd rng rnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
t/ sfg"g adf]lhd lsQfsf6 x'g g;sL a08f jf rng rnfpg g;lsg]
If]qkmnsf] hUuf jf ef}lts ;+/rgf ePdf cbfntn] b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf d"No sfod
ePdf ;xdlt eP ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] d"No / To;/L ;xdlt gePdf k~rlstL{ d""No
sfod u/L jf lnnfd laqmL u/L rng kfpg] kIfnfO{ To; cfwf/df rng rnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 . To;/L rng rnfpFbf s'g} kIfn] gub} a'emfpg rfx]df gub} a'emfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@#_ s;}n] cGo JolQmsf] hUuf ldrL ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] jf
agfPsf] 7x/ eO{ rng rnfpg' kbf{ To:tf] ;+/rgf eTsfpg' kg]{5 / To; afktsf]
vr{ To;/L ldrL ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ jf agfpg] AolQmn] Aoxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-@$_ pkbkmf -@#_ adf]lhdsf] ;+/rgf geTsfO{ Ifltk"lt{ n]gb]g ug{ kIfx¿
;xdt eP ;f]xL adf]lhd / ;+/rgf geTsfpg] s'/fdf ;xdt ePklg Ifltk"lt{
/sddf ;xdlt x'g g;s]df k~rlstL{ d"No sfod u/L To:tf] d"Nodf kRrL; k|ltzt
yk /sd rng rnfO{ kfpg] kIfnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@#(= bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ k}m;nf adf]lhd bflvn vf/]h, gfd;f/L
ug]{ l;nl;nfdf To:tf] u/L lng] kIf bkmf @#% adf]lhd tfl/vdf /x]df cbfntn]
k}m;nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/L u/L lbg] sfof{nosf

100
 gfddf To;sf] ljj/0fsf] Joxf]/f n]vL kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;f]xL sfof{nodf PSsfO{;
lbgleq xflh/ x'g k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntaf6 n]vL cfPdf / ;DalGwt kIf sfof{nodf
xflh/ ePdf To:tf] sfof{non] klg km};nf adf]lhd tLg lbgleq bflvn, vf/]h,
gfd;f/L ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb gf3]kl5 s'g} kIf bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/Lsf]
nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf xflh/ ePdf To:tf] sfof{non] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu kfFr ;o
?k}ofF b:t'/ lnO{ km};nf adf]lhd bflvn, vf/]h, gfd;f/L u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
@$)= lgvGg] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ km};nf adf]lhd lgvgfO{ lng] lbg] l;nl;nfdf s'g}
kIf bkmf @#% adf]lhd tfl/vdf /x]df cbfntn] km};nf adf]lhd lgvgL lng kfpg]
;DklQ lgvgL lng jf w/f}6L /x]sf] /sd a'lemlng To:tf] kIfnfO{ tfl/v tf]sL /sd
w/f}6L /x]sf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgvgL lng] lbg] b'j} kIfx¿ sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g
cfPdf sfof{non] w/f}6L /x]sf] /sd lgvgL lbg' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ ;ft lbgleq a'emfO{
To:tf] ;DklQsf] lnvt / e/kfO{ lgvgL lng]nfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgvgL lbg] JolQm dfq sfof{nodf xflh/ ePdf
sfof{non] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lghnfO{ /sd a'emfO{ To:tf] /sd a'emfPsf] e/kfO{
;d]tsf sfuhft lgvgL lng] JolQm xflh/ ePsf avt lghnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgvgL l{ng] JolQm dfq sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g cfPdf
sfof{non] km};nf adf]lhd lgvgfO{ lbO{ /sd a'emfPsf] e/kfO{ ;d]tsf sfuhft
lghnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sfof{noaf6 lgvgfO{ lbPsf]df lgvgfO{ lbPsf] ldltn]
k}FtL; lbgleq lgvgfO{ lbg' kg]{ JolQmn] w/f}6L /x]sf] /sd a'emL lng' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb gf3]kl5 lgvgfO{ lbg' kg]{ JolQm w/f}6L /sd
a'lemlng cfPdf sfof{non] Ps jif{leq eP w/f}6L /sdsf] tLg k|ltzt / tLg
jif{leq eP kfFr k|ltzt yk /sd s§f u/L ;ft lbgleq w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ ug'{
kg]{5 .

101
 -&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq klg lgvgfO{ lbg' kg]{ JolQm w/f}6L /sd
lng gcfPdf sfof{non] To:tf] w/f}6L /sd ;/sf/L cfDbfgLsf] ¿kdf ;/sf/L sf]ifdf
hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@$!= c+z 5'6\ofpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ km};nf adf]lhd c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg] l;nl;nfdf kIfx¿
bkmf @#% adf]lhd tfl/vdf /x]sf] eP cbfntn] 5 dlxgfleq c+z 5'6\ofO{ a08f u/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ Ps hgfeGbf a9L c+lzof/nfO{ c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg] u/L km};nf ePsf]df s'g}
c+lzof/ xflh/ gePdf cbfntn] xflh/ gx'g] c+lzof/sf] gfddf cg';"rL–@^
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kGw| lbg] Dofb k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt c+lzof/ xflh/ x'g cfPdf
cbfntn] ;a} c+lzof/nfO{ /fvL c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq c+z kfpg] ;a} c+lzof/ xflh/ x'g
gcfPdf cbfntn] xflh/ gx'g] c+lzof/sf] efu 5'\6\ofO{ xflh/ x'g] c+lzof/sf] a08f
5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a08f 5'6\ofOPsf]df Dofbleq xflh/ gx'g] JolQmn]
a08f u/]sf] jf c;n sd;n jf 36L a9L eGg] s'/fdf gfln; ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ 8f]/ v6fO{ c+z 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ eP cbfntn] sd{rf/L k7fO{ a08f 5'6\ofO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd a08f 5'§fpg] l;nl;nfdf km};nf adf]lhd c+z lbg] jf
kmfF6jf/L adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ lhDdf /fVg] c+lzof/, lghsf k|ltlglw jf Psf3/sf pd]/
k"/f u/]sf cGo JolQmn] kmfF6jf/L adf]lhdsf] a08f ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ c+z lbg] jf lhDdf /fVg] JolQm km]nf gk/]df jf Psf3/sf pd]/ k"/f u/]sf
JolQmn] kmfF6jf/L adf]lhdsf] ;a} ;DklQ b]vfpg g;s]df c+z lbg] / lhDdf /fVg]]nfO{
af6fsf] Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf xflh/ x'g cfpg cg';"rL–@& adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq c+z lbg] jf ;DklQ lhDdf /fVg] JolQm
cbfntdf xflh/ gePdf jf xflh/ eP klg a08f ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ gb]vfPdf cbfntn]

102
:yfgLo txsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw / sDtLdf b'O{ hgf JolQm ;fIfL /fvL s'g} ;DklQ
aGb u/]sf] eP ;f] v'nf u/L kmfF6jf/L adf]lhd c+z a08f ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -*_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq kIfx¿ xflh/ x'g gcfPdf
To:tf] Dofb gf3]sf] tLg lbgleq cbfntn] k}m;nf adf]lhd c+z 5'6\ofO{ a08f ug]{
sfo{ k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] Dofbkl5 s'g} kIf cbfntdf xflh/ x'g
cfPdf / To; avt c+za08f ug]{ sfo{ ;dfKt gePsf] eP cbfntn] lghnfO{ ;d]t
/fvL k}m;nf adf]lhd c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!@_ a08f ubf{ kmfF6jf/L adf]lhdsf] ;a} ;DklQ b'?:t gb]lvPdf gk'u hlt
;DklQsf]] lauf] sfod u/fO{ c+z lbg] jf ;DklQ lhDdf /fVg]sf] c+zaf6 ;f]wegf{ u/fO{
lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L ;f]wegf{ ubf{ klg c+z gk'u]df gk'u ePsf] hlt lauf] afkt
To:tf] JolQmsf] xs ef]usf] cGo ;DklQaf6 c+z kfpg]nfO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ a08f 5'6\ofpFbf c+z kfpg] JolQm jf lghsf Psf3/sf pd]/ k'u]sf]
JolQmn] cfk\mgf] efusf] c+z a'emL lnPg / ;l8unL hfg] s'g} ;DklQ ePdf cbfntn]
To:tf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd kl5 a'e mL
lng cfPdf cbfntn] To:tf] /sddWo] bz k|ltzt /sd s§f u/L afFsL /sd
lghnfO{ lkmtf{ u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-!$_ w]/} c+lzof/ ePsf] sf/0fn] a08f ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ a08f ubf{ ;a}
c+lzof/n] ;dfg ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ gldNg] jf To:tf] ;DklQ a08f ubf{ 3/, hUuf jf
lhG;L ;DklQsf] ?k kl/jt{g eO{ k|of]u ug{ gldNg] ePdf To:tf] ;DklQsf]
c+lzof/x¿ aLrsf] ;xdltn] s'g} d"No sfod ePdf To:tf] d"Nodf / d"Nodf ;xdlt
gePdf k~rlstL{ d"Nodf s'g} c+lzof/n] lng ;Sg] u/L a08f ul/g]5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!$_ adf]lhd sfod ePsf] d"Nodf PseGbf a9L c+lzof/n] lng
rfx]df uf]nf k|0ffnLaf6 lgwf{l/t c+lzof/n] lng ;Sg] u/L a08f ul/g]5 .
-!^_ pkbkmf -!$_ jf -!%_ adf]lhd a08f x'g g;s]df d'2fsf kIfsf] cltl/Qm
cGo JolQmsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf /xg] u/L lnnfd u/L ;f]af6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd km};nf
cg';f/ c+lzof/x¿nfO{ a08f u/L lbg'' kg]{5 .

103
 -!&_ c+z a08f 5'6\ofpg c+z kfpg] JolQm aLr a08f ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQsf
ljifodf ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ g/d u/d ldnfO{ uf]nf
xfnL a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!*_ s;}n] kmfF6jf/Ldf pNn]v ePsf] cfk\mgf] lhDdfsf] ;DklQ gb]vfPdf jf
bflvnf gu/]df ;f] gb]vfPsf] jf bflvnf gu/]sf] ;DklQsf] lauf]sf] ;os8f kfFr
k|ltzt hl/afgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!(_ afbLn] c+z kfpg] 7x/L clGtd km};nf ePsf] d'2fdf cGo k|ltafbL
c+lzof/n] klg cfkm\gf] c+z 5'6\ofO{ lng b/vf:t lbPdf sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] cbfntL
z'Ns lnO{ km};nfaf6 7x/] adf]lhdsf] ;DklQaf6 c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd c+za08f ug'{ kg]{ crn ;DklQ csf]{ lhNnfdf klg
/x]5 eg] cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ a08f ug{ ;DalGwt cbfntdf ;d]t n]vL k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@!_ pkbkmf -@)_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] ;d]t o; bkmf
adf]lhd To:tf] ;DklQsf] a08f 5'6\ofO{ lbO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] cbfntnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@@_ cbfntdf d'2f ljrf/flwg /x]sf] jf To:tf] d'2fdf km};nf eO{ sfof{Gjog
gx'Fb} c+z a08f ug{' kg{] ;DklQ s;}n] x:tfGt/0f u/]df jf gofF c+lzof/ ylkg cfPdf
jf c+lzof/ 36]df To;sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k'gM lkm/fbkq lbO{ /xg' kg{] 5}g / To:tf]
cj:yfdf cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] lgj]bgsf] ;Totfdf hfFra'em u/L c+z a08f
5'6\ofpg' kg{]5 .
-@#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd c+za08f u/L 5'6\ofO{ lbFbf To;/L a08f 5'6\ofO{Psf]
;DklQsf] b'O{ bzdnj kfFr k|ltztsf b/n] b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
@$@= lauf] e/fpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ km};nf adf]lhd lauf] e/fO{ lng] l;nl;nfdf lauf] e/L
kfpg] kIf bkmf @#% adf]lhd tfl/vdf /x]df cbfntn] To:tf] kIfn] lauf] e/fO{ lng
rfx] jf grfx]sf] ljifodf sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfuh u/fpFbf lauf] e/fO{ lng kfpg] kIfn] lauf]
e/fO{ lng grfx]df To;/L lauf] glnPsf] sf/0faf6 ;[hgf x'g] kl/0ffd ;d]t a'emfO{

104
cbfntn] To;} lbg km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljifo cGTo u/L lauf]sf] nut s§f
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfuh u/fpFbf lauf] e/L kfpg]n] lauf] e/fO{ lng
rfx]df / lauf] e/fO{ lbg] kIf tfl/vdf /x]sf] eP cbfntn] lghnfO{ km};nf adf]lhd
ltg'{ kg]{ lauf] a'emfpgsf] nflu a9Ldf k}FtL; lbg;Ddsf] ;do lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;doleq lauf] a'emfpg] kIfn] gub, a}Ín]
hf/L u/]sf] u'8 km/ k]d]G6 r]s jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6 lauf] adf]lhdsf] /sd
cbfntdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lauf] a'emfpg] kIfn]
lauf] afktsf] /sd cfkm\gf] s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;'n ug{ cbfnt ;dIf cg'/f]w ug{
;Sg]5 .
-^_ lauf] a'emfpg] kIf cbfntdf xflh/ gePdf jf pkl:yt ePklg pkbkmf -
#_ adf]lhdsf] ;doleq lauf] afkt /sd ga'emfPdf, pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ;DklQ
gb]vfPdf jf To;/L b]vfPsf] ;DklQaf6 lauf] e/fpg ;Dej geO{ lauf] e/fO{ kfpg]n]
d~h'/ gu/]df lghn] lauf] e/L kfpg] kIfn] lauf] a'emfpg] kIfsf] cGo ;DklQ b]vfO{
To:tf] ;DklQaf6 lauf] e/L kfpg cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lauf] c;'n ubf{ s'g} ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ ePdf
cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fvL cfjZostf cg';f/ ;f] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL
;d]t u/L lauf] e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lauf] eGbf a9L /sd k|fKt
ePdf cbfntn] To;/L a9L /sd lauf] a'emfpg] kIf pkl:yt eP lghnfO{ t'?Gt
lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt kIfn] /sd a'emL glnPdf cbfntn] To:tf]
/sd w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd w/f}6L vftfdf /sd hDdf ePsf] Ps jif{leq
;DalGwt JolQmn] /sd lng gcfPdf To:tf] /sd ;/sf/L cfDbfgLdf afFlwg]5 .
-!!_ lauf] e/L lbg' kg{] ;DklQ csf]{ lhNnfdf /x]sf] eP cbfntn] lauf]
e/fpg ;DalGwt cbfntdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .

105
 -!@_ pkbkmf -!!_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] ;d]t o; bkmf
adf]lhd lauf] e/fO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lauf] e/L kfpg]
JolQmn] lauf] a'emfpg' kg]{ JolQmaf6 ;DklQ bafP n'sfPsf] kQf nufO{ lgh hLljt
5Fb} NofPdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL u/L lghn] kfpg] lauf];Ddsf] /sd
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lauf] e/fO{ lbP afkt cbfntn] To:tf] lauf]sf] tLg
k|ltzt b:t'/ lauf] kfpg] JolQmaf6 lng' kg]{5 .
-!%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] lauf] e/fpg] ;DaGwdf lauf] e/fO{ lbg'
kg]{ kIfn] k"/} jf gk'u lauf] s'g} afl0fHo a}Ísf] a}Í hdfgt kq bflvn u/L
ls:tfaGbLdf a'emfpg] ;'ljwf kfpg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf / To;df lauf] el/kfpg]
;DalGwt kIfsf] d~h'/L ePdf cbfntn] ls:tfaGbLdf To:tf] lauf] e/fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
@$#= hfohft x'g] ;DklQ M -!_ bkmf @$@ adf]lhdsf] lauf] afkt hfohft ubf{ To:tf]
;DklQ ef]u jf pkof]u ug]{ afx| jif{b]lv dflysf dfg' g5'l§O{ ;Fu} a;]sf / dfgf] jf
c+z 5'l§O{ leGg a;] klg ;f] ;DklQ ef]u jf pkof]u ug]{ JolQm;Fu /x]sf] c+z ;d]t
hfohft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfohft ubf{ b]xfosf ;DklQ 5'6\ofO{ afFsL /x]sf]
;DklQ hfohft ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ hfohft ug'{ kg]{ JolQm afx]s cGo JolQmsf] lghL ;DklQsf]
¿kdf s'g} ;DklQ /x]sf] eP To:tf] ;DklQ,
-v_ hfohft x'g] JolQm tyf lghsf] Psf3/sf kl/jf/n] nufPsf] /
nufpg] tLg hf]/;Ddsf] sk8f tyf h'Qf,
-u_ hfohft x'g] JolQm tyf lghsf] Psf3/sf kl/jf/nfO{ cfjZos
vfgf ksfpg] tyf vfg] Ps;/f] efF8f, yfn srf}/f, Ps;/f]
cf]8\g] cf]5\ofpg] tyf dgfl;a ;ª\Vofsf kmlg{r/,
-3_ hfohft x'g] JolQmsf] Psf3/sf kl/jf/nfO{ k7g kf7g ug{
cfjZos kg]{ k':ts,

106
 -ª_ hfohft x'g] JolQm / lghsf] Psf3/sf kl/jf/sf] nflu
hfohftsf] sf/afxL k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufj} vl/b ul/;s]sf]
cf}iflw tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL pks/0f,
-r_ hfohft x'g] JolQm tyf lghsf Psf3/ kl/jf/nfO{ a9Ldf tLg
dlxgf;Dd hLjg lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos vfBfGg,
-5_ hfohft x'g] JolQm tyf lghsf Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] k]zf
/f]huf/;Fu ;DalGwt Ps;/f] Hofjn jf cf}hf/ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmfsf] v08 -v_,
-u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_ / -5_ adf]lhd ;DklQ k/ ;fbf{ Ps nfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf]
;DklQ k/ ;fl/g] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfohft ubf{ ;d]t lauf] k'u]g eg] kl/jf/sf c?
;b:onfO{ kqmg kfOg] 5}g .
@$$= lauf] jf hl/afgf afkt s}b ug]{ M -!_ bkmf @$@ sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ;DklQ
lnnfd laqmL ubf{ ;d]t lauf] kof{Kt gePdf, ;DklQ gb]vfPdf jf ;DklQ lnnfd ug{
g;lsg] ePdf e/fpg afFsL lauf]df lauf] e/L kfpg]n] lauf] e/fpg' kg]{ JolQmnfO{
s}b u/fpg OR5f u/L ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ePsf] jf o; pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] cj:yf
k/]sf] kG„ lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To;sf] krf{ v8f u/L lauf] e/L lbg' kg]{
JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd s}bdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}b ubf{ cbfntn] Ps lbgsf] rf/ ;o ?k}ofFsf] b/n]
To;/L afFsL x'g cfPsf] lauf]nfO{ s}bdf kl/0ft u/L To; a/fa/ lauf] eg'{ kg]{
JolQmnfO{ s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}b ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf
clwsf+z :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] lauf]sf] xsdf rf/ jif{ /
JolQm ljz]if jf cGo ;+:yfsf] lauf]sf] xsdf b'O{ jif{eGbf a9L s}b ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}b ug{' kbf{ rf/ ;o ?k}ofFeGbf sd /sd ePdf jf
afFsL /xg uPdf ;f] afkt Ps lbg s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}b ubf{ sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] l;bf vr{ s}b u/fpg
rfxg] JolQmn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .

107
 -^_ hl/afgf glt/] afkt s}b ug'{ kbf{ rf/ jif{df ga9\g] u/L Ps lbgsf] b'O{
;o ?k}ofFsf] b/n] s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s}b ug'{ cl3 ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfk\mgf] egfO{ /fVg]
dgfl;a ;do lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kIfsf] dfu
adf]lhd c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]sf] afFsL lauf] afkt lauf] gltg]{ JolQmnfO{ cbfntsf]
cfb]z adf]lhd s}b ePsf]df ;f] lauf]sf] ljifodf k'gM bfaL lng ;lsg] 5}g .
@$%= lauf] c;'n ug{' kg]{ JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf ug]{ M -!_ lauf] c;'n ug{' kg]{ JolQmsf]
To:tf] lauf] c;'n gx'Fb} d[To' ePdf lghsf] xssf] ;DklQaf6 lauf] c;'n pk/
ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lghsf] xssf] ;DklQaf6 lauf] c;'n gePdf gk'u
lauf] lghsf] ck'tfnL lng] JolQmaf6 c;'n ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ck'tfnL lng]af6 lauf]
c;'n ubf{ lghn] ck'tfnL lnPeGbf a9L /sd c;'n ul/g] 5}g .
@$^= hl/afgf 5'6 x'g] M k}m;nf adf]lhd hl/afgf nfu]sf] JolQmn] tTsfn jf k}m;nf ePsf]
ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq hl/afgf lt/]df lghnfO{ ePsf] hl/afgfdf aL; k|ltzt 5'6
x'g]5 .
@$&= ldnfkqsf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 s'g} sfd ug'{, u/fpg' kg]{ u/L s'g}
ldnfkq ePsf]df cbfntn] ldnfkq ePsf] tLg lbgleq ldnfkq adf]lhdsf] sfd
ul/lbg ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ Ps hgfeGbf a9L afbL jf k|ltafbL ePsf] d'2fdf ldnfkq adf]lhd
u/fpg ;a} pkl:yt gePklg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb gf3]kl5 ldnfkq
sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . To;/L ldnfkq sfof{Gjog ubf{ cbfntn] ldnfkq adf]lhd
u/fpg gcfpg] JolQmsf] lxtsf] klg ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
@$*= cbfntL z'Ns, w/f}6L tyf vr{ lkmtf{ lng] cjlw M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf pNn]v
ePsf]df afx]s k}m;nf adf]lhd lkmtf{ kfpg] 7xl/Psf] cbfntL z'Ns jf w/f}6L /sd
To:tf] k}m;nf clGtd ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq ;DalGwt JolQmn] lkmtf{
dfu u/L k|df0f ;lxt ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

108
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] /sd lkmtf{ ug{' kg{] /x]5 eg] cbfntL
z'Nssf] xsdf To:tf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq / w/f}6L /sd eP ;ft
lbgleq lkmtf{ ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd lng
jf lkmtf{ kfpg] JolQmn] lnnfd laqmL ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq To:tf] /sd a'emL
lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt JolQmn] cbfntL z'Ns,
w/f}6L jf /sd a'lem glnPdf kl5 To:tf] /sd jf ;DklQ lkmtf{ lng kfOg] 5}g /
To:tf] w/f}6L /sd ;/sf/L cfDbfgLdf afFlwg]5 .
@$(= k}m;nf sfof{Gjog u/fO{ lbP afkt nfUg] b:t'/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf pNn]v
ePsf]df afx]s km};nf adf]lhd cbfntn] s'g} /sd lbnfO{ lbP afkt ;f] /sd kfpg]
JolQmaf6 ;os8f kfFrsf b/n] b:t'/ lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntaf6 efvf u/fO{
lbPsf], sfuhkq lbnfO{ lbPsf] jf c;fdL a08f ul/lbPsf]df s'g} b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
@%)= ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] sfd
sf/afxL pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] ;f]xL cbfntsf GofofwLz ;dIf
kGw| lbgleq ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/L pk/ ePsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em\g]
JolQmn] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/L Ps dlxgfleq / pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
k/]sf] lgj]bg b'O{ dlxgfleq 6'Ëf] nufpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] pkl:yltsf] nflu lbOPsf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/L tf/]vdf
cg'kl:yt /xg] kIfn] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ph'/L jf lgj]bg lbg kfpg] 5}g .
@%!= k|ltlglw gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq sfd sf/afxL ab/ gx'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
:yfgLo txsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ jf lghsf]
;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{df To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglwnfO{ pkl:yt u/fO{ lbg lnlvt ;"rgf
lbFbf klg To:tf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePdf ;f] sfd sf/afxL ug{, u/fpg
;lsg]5 .

109
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] ;b:o jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf]
jf lghn] ;xL5fk gu/]sf] cfwf/df dfq c? s'/fn] /Lt k'u]sf] sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g]
5}g .
@%@= cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfpg jf ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd km};nf
sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug'{ d'2fsf kIfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{df cj/f]w ug]{ JolQmnfO{ cbfntn] sfg"g
adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfpg jf Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf tLg
dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@%#= sd{rf/Ln] k|f]T;fxg /sd kfpg] M -!_ k}m;nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08 hl/afgf jf
;/sf/L lauf] c;'nsf] nflu v6L hfg] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf
afkt kfpg] /sd lng grfx]df c;'n u/L NofPsf] /sdsf] kRrL; k|ltzt k|f]T;fxg
eQf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd c;'n u/L NofPsf] /sdsf] kfFr k|ltzt /sd
txl;nbf/n] k|f]T;fxg :j?k kfpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] eQf jf /sd c;'n ePsf] hl/afgf jf
;/sf/L lauf]sf] /sdaf6 lbOg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;/sf/L lauf] jf hl/afgf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L afx]s cGo
s'g} JolQmn] c;'n u/L NofPsf] /x]5 eg] lghnfO{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ ;/x pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhdsf] /sd pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b–@#
;/sf/ afbL jf kIf x'g] b]jfgL d'2f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@%$= ;/sf/ afbL x'g] b]jfgL d'2fsf] hf“ra'em / bfo/L M -!_ cg';"rL–@* df n]lvPsf] d'2f
/ k|rlnt sfg"gdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo tx afbL x'g] elgPsf]
b]jfgL d'2f rnfpg rfxg] JolQmn] To:tf] d'2fsf] ljifodf cfk"m;Fu ePsf] jf cfk"mn]
b]v] hfg];Ddsf] k|df0f v'nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
tf]s]sf] clwsf/L jf To;/L clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] dfnkf]t
clws[t ;dIf lnlvt b/vf:t jf df}lvs ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

110
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd df}lvs ;"rgf lbPsf]df ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] To:tf]
JolQmsf] s'/f b/vf:tsf] ¿kdf n]vL lghsf] ;xL5fk u/fpg'' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]
cfjZostfg';f/ d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt 3/ jf hUufsf] gfk gS;f u/L jf cGo cfjZos
ljifodf hf“ra'em u/L d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] lg0f{osf] nflu ;Íng ul/Psf] k|df0f
/ cfÇgf] /fo ;d]t pNn]v u/L d'2f rNg] grNg] lg0f{o ug{ nfUg] ;do / d'2f rNg]
lg0f{o ePdf lkm/fbkq tof/ u/L d'2f bfo/ ug{ nfUg] ;donfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
;DalGwt sfg"gsf] xbDofb k'Ug] sDtLdf kGw| lbg cufj} ldl;n sfuhsf] ;Ssn /
gSsn Ps k|lt ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s;}sf] b/vf:t gk/]sf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt
clwsf/L cfkm}Fn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] d'2f rnfpg kg]{ sf/0f b]v]df cfjZos
k|df0f ;Íng u/L pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfsf]
;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf ldl;n ;lxtsf] sfuhft k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] cWoog
u/L ;f] ldl;ndf d'2f rNg] jf grNg] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd d'2f rNg] lg0f{o u/]df ;/sf/L jlsnn] lkm/fbkq
tof/ u/L k|df0f ;lxt ;DalGwt cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd d'2f grNg] lg0f{o u/]df ;/sf/L jlsnn] k|fKt
ldl;n / k|df0f ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@%%= ;/sf/ afbL eO{ d'2f rNg] M bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf] d'2f ;/sf/ afbL eO{
rNg]5 .
t/ bkmf (! adf]lhd lkm/fb ug'{ kg{] ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%^= JolQmn] d'2f rnfpg' kg]{ b]lvPdf ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf @%$ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd
ldl;n cWoog ubf{ To:tf] d'2f ;/sf/ afbL eO{ rnfpg' kg]{ gb]lvO{ sfg"g adf]lhd dsf{
kg]{ JolQmåf/f rnfpg' kg]{ b]v]df ;/sf/L jlsnn]] ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o u/L ;f] s'/fsf]
;"rgf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' egL ldl;n k7fpg] clwsf/LnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] xsdf sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] xbDofbsf] u0fgf x'g]5 .

111
@%&= ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmnfO{ kIf sfod ug]{ M bkmf @%$ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z
;/sf/ jf :yfgLo tx afbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf] s'g} d'2f sf/afxLsf] qmddf g]kfn
;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo tx afbL x'g] gb]lvPdf cbfntn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf]
cfb]z u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmnfO{ lemsfpg' kg]{5 . cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd
;/f]sf/jfnf JolQm pkl:yt eO{ lghn] d'2f ;sf/ u/]df lghnfO{ afbL kIf sfod
u/L ;f]xL d'2fsf] ldl;naf6 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
@%*= cGo b]jfgL d'2f rnfpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f
afx]s cGo b]jfgL d'2f rnfpg] jf k|df0f ;Íng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfg"gdf s'g}
clwsf/L tf]lsPsf] eP To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 / To:tf] clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt
sfof{Nfosf] k|d'vn] k|df0f ;Íng u/L lkm/fbkq bfo/ ug{ xbDofb ggf£g] u/L cfk\mgf] /fo
;lxt d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf ldl;n ;lxtsf]
k|df0f k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] ;f] ldl;n cWoog
u/L d'2f rNg] jf grNg] ;DAfGwdf lg0f{o u/L d'2f rNg] ePdf s'g sfg"g cg';f/ s'g
ljifodf s; s;nfO{ d'2f rnfpg] xf] ;f] ;d]t pNn]v u/L d'2f bfo/ ug{ xbDofb ggf£g]
u/L k|fKt ldl;n ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;/sf/L jlsnaf6 d'2f rnfpg] lg0f{o ePdf ;DalGwt
clwsf/Ln] lkm/fbkq tof/ u/L To:tf] lkm/fbkqdf cfˆgf] ;xL5fk u/L xbDofb leq}
;DalGwt cbfnt ;dIf d'2f bfo/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ u/]kl5 ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] d'2f;Fu
;DalGwt ldl;nsf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
@%(= xbDofb ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf] tkm{af6
s'g} JolQmsf] gfp“df b]jfgL ljifodf gfln; ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o; P]g / cGo sfg"gdf
;f] ljifodf gfln; ug{ xbDofb tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]xL xbDofbleq / To:tf] xbDofb
gtf]lsPsf]df To;/L gfln; ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ;[[hgf ePsf] s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z
;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txnfO{ yfxf ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; ug'{ kg]{5 .

112
 t/ o; P]g / cGo sfg"gdf gfln; ug{nfO{ xbDofb gnfUg], xbDofb gePsf]
jf hlxn];'s} klg gfln; ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v ePsf]df hlxn];'s} klg gfln; nfUg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo
txsf] sfof{nosf] ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] yfxf kfPsf]nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/
jf :yfgLo txn] yfxf kfPsf] dflgg]5 .
@^)= ;fIfL asfpg] jf k|df0f k]z ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/
ePsf]df ;f] ;DaGwdf hfx]/L lbg] jf ;"rgf lbg] JolQm afbL kIfsf] ;fIfL dflgg]5 .
-@_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f / g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/
k|ltafbL ePsf] cGo b]jfgL d'2fsf] ;fIfL jf k|df0f cbfntn] vf]h]sf] lbg ;/sf/L jlsn
dfk{mt pkl:yt jf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f / g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{
;/f]sf/ kg]{ cGo h'g;'s} b]jfgL d'2fdf ;fIfL asfpg] jf k|df0f k]z ug{] sfd ;/sf/L
jlsnn] ug]{5 .
-$_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2fdf s'g} ;fIfLnfO{ ga'emL gx'g] ePdf
kmf}Hbf/L d'2fdf ga'emL gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{ lemsfP ;/x lemsfO{ a'em\g ;lsg]5 .
@^!= ;/sf/L jlsnn] ax; k}/jL / k|lt/Iff ug]{ M -!_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf
d'2fsf] ;/sf/L jlsnn] ax; k}/jL / k|lt/Iff ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo
txnfO{ ljkIfL agfPsf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] afbL eO{ rnfPsf] b]jfgL d'2fdf ;DalGwt
lgsfoaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] jx; k}/jL / k|lt/Iff u/L lbg
;Sg]5 .
@^@= Dofb lbg] M -!_ bkmf @%$ adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntn] ;Q/L
lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] Dofb u'h|L ;DalGwt kIfn] dgfl;a sf/0f
b]vfO{ cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg u/]df kl/R5]b–* adf]lhd ydfpg kfpg] Dofbdf
cbfntn] tL; lbg;Dd Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .

113
@^#= k'g/fj]bg, d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg lbg] clwsf/L M -!_ bkmf @%$
adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf b]jfgL d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{, d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg], k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{
jf ;f] ljifosf nflu lgj]bg lbg] ;DaGwL sfo{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo
tx kIf jf ljkIf ePsf] b]jfgL d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{, d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg], k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ jf To:tf] ljifosf nflu lgj]bg lbg] ;DjGwL sfd ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf
sfof{no k|d'v cfkm}Fn] ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf sfof{no k|d'vaf6 To:tf sfdsf nflu ;/sf/L
jlsn ;dIf n]vL k7fPdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] To:tf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{, d'2f
bf]xf]¥ofpg], k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ jf To:tf] ljifosf nflu lgj]bg lbg] ;DaGwL sfd ug{
;Sg]5 .
@^$= g]kfn ;/sf/ pk/ gfln; lbg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo
tx pk/ b]jfgL d'2fdf gfln; ug'{ kg]{] ePdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] h;sf] lj?4df
gfln; ug'{ kg]{ xf] To:tf] sfof{no jf To:tf] sfof{nosf k|d'vnfO{ To;sf] ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;f]
sfof{nosf k|d'vn] csf]{ s'g} sfof{no jf lgsfosf] k/fdz{ jf lgsf;f lng' kg]{ ePdf
To:tf] k/fdz{ jf lgsf;f lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgf ;DaGwL ljifo cfjZos hfFra'em
ubf{ gfln; lbg' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;f] sfof{nosf k|d'vn]
;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L To;/L ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;f] sfof{nosf
k|d'vn] ;f] ljifodf s'g} hfgsf/L glbPdf jf d'2f ug{' gkg]{ u/L hfgsf/L lbP klg
To;sf] sf/0f dgfl;a gnfu]df ;DalGwt JolQmn] ;f] cjlw gf3]sf] jf To;/L
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq gfln; lbg ;Sg]5 .
@^%= cGo ljifodf P]g / sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo tx
afbL jf kIf x'g] b]jfgL d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvPsf] ljifodf o;

114
 kl/R5]b adf]lhd / o; kl/R5]bdf gn]lvPsf] cGo ljifodf o; P]gsf cGo kl/R5]b /
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–@$
ljljw
@^^= Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ug{' kg]{ M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg ;Sg] d'2fdf ;DalGwt
JolQmn] Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL u/]sf] /x]5 eg] cbfntn] d'2fsf] lg0f{o ubf{ Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f
ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{
lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ Iflt afkt ePsf] jf:tljs xflg, gf]S;fgL -PSr'on n;_,
-v_ Iflt ePsf] sf/0faf6 cfodf ePsf] xflg, gf]S;fgL -n; Og
Ogsd_,
-u_ Iflt ePsf] sf/0faf6 Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] yk xflg, gf]S;fgL .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ubf{ s;}sf] xs jf lxt pNn3+g
ePsf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] jf:tljs Iflt jf ;f]sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg]
jf:tljs Ifltsf] olsg u/L To;sf] cfwf/df dfq Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 /
sfNklgs ljifodf Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
@^&= gfafns, czQm tyf j]kQf ePsf] JolQmsf] tkm{af6 d'2f ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sfg"g
adf]lhd pd]/ gk'u]sf] gfafns, pd]/ k'u]sf] ePklg j[4fj:yfsf] sf/0fn] czQm
ePsf], b[li6ljxLg, af]Ng g;Sg], xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] jf j]kQf ePsf] JolQm jf lgh
cfkm}Fn] g;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] JolQmsf] tkm{af6 ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n] lkm/fbkq,
k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æj]kQf ePsf] JolQmÆ eGgfn] s'g} JolQm
lagf ;"rgf nuftf/ tLg jif{b]lv 3/ 5f8L lx8]sf] jf ljb]zdf uO{ kmsL{ cfpg] 7]ufg
gePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n] To:tf JolQmsf tkm{af6
lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lbg] ;DaGwdf cg'dltsf] nflu
cbfnt ;dIf 5'§} lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

115
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt
JolQm gfafns, pd]/ k'u]sf] ePklg j[4fj:yfsf] sf/0fn] czQm ePsf], b[li6ljxLg
tyf af]Ng g;Sg], xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf]] jf j]kQf eP jf gePsf] olsg ug{ klxn]
To;sf] k|df0f a'em\g' k5{ / To;/L a'em\bf lgj]bssf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf jfl/;
clVtof/gfdf geP klg ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n] ;f] JolQmsf] tk{maf6 lkm/fbkq,
k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq / lgj]bgkq lbg ;Sg] u/L cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] ;ft lbgleq
lgj]bgdf lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg j]kQf ePsf] JolQmsf]
tkm{af6 lkm/fbkq, k|ltpt/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bg lbg] ;DaGwdf cbfntn]
cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] kGw| lbgleq lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
@^*= ;'g'jfO{ v'nf Ohnf;df ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ v'nf Ohnf;df ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw, gftf
sfod, ljjfx jf ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL d'2f aGb Ohnf;af6 ;'g'jfO{ x'g' kg]{ sf/0f
v'nfO{ d'2fsf] kIfn] lbPsf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf jf cbfntn] aGb
Ohnf;af6 g} s'g} d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'g dgfl;a b]v]df cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f aGb
Ohnf;df ;'g'jfO{ ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd aGb Ohnf;af6 ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf]
Ohnf;df d'2fsf kIf jf lghsf] jfl/;, kIfaf6 lgo'Qm ePsf sfg"g Joj;foL,
GofofwLzn] cfb]z lbPsf JolQm jf sd{rf/L afx]s cGo JolQmsf] k|j]z lgif]w
ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iffsf]
sf/0fn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ Ohnf;df k|j]z ug{ /f]s nufpg dgfl;a b]v]df cbfntn]
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ Ohnf;df k|j]z ug{ /f]s nufpg ;Sg]5 .
@^(= kIfnfO{ /f]xa/df /fVg' kg]{ M d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ jf lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ ljifo 7x/ ubf{
kIfx¿nfO{ /f]xa/df /fVg' kg]{5 .

116
 t/ d'2f ;'g'jfO{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg s'g} kIf pkl:yt gePdf klg
d'2fsf] lg0f{o u/L 7x/ ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
@&)= d'2f x]bf{sf] k|fyldstf qmd M -!_ cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ubf{
b]xfosf k|fyldstf qmd cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf gfafns kIf ePsf] d'2f,
-v_ zf/Ll/s czQmtf ePsf jf krxQ/ jif{eGbf a9L pd]/sf
JolQm kIf ePsf] d'2f,
-u_ Gjf/fg jf gftf sfod ;DaGwL d'2f,
-3_ dfgf rfdn ;DaGwL d'2f,
-ª_ ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL d'2f,
-r_ d'2fsf] btf{qmdn] klxn] btf{ ePsf] d'2f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} qmddf PseGbf
a9L k|s[ltsf d'2f ePdf klxn] btf{ ePsf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn] d'2fsf]
uDeL/tf / cf}lrTo x]/L s'g} d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{
;Sg]5 .
@&!= :jfy{ aflemPsf] d'2f x]g{ gx'g] M -!_ GofofwLzn] b]xfosf d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /
lsgf/f ug{ x'Fb}g M–
-s_ cfkm\gf] jf cfkm\gf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/
/x]sf] d'2f,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æglhssf] gft]bf/Æ
eGgfn] ck'tfnL v'nf x'Fbf sfg"g adf]lhd ck'tfnL k|fKt ug{
;Sg] k|fyldstfqmddf /x]sf] JolQm, dfdf, dfOh", ;fgL cfdf,
7"nLcfdf, ;fgf] afa', 7"nf] afa', klt jf kTgL tkm{sf ;f;",
;;'/f, k'mk", k'mkfh', ;fnf, h]7fg, ;fnL, lbbL, alxgL, legfh',
alxgL HjfOF, 5f]/L HjfOF, ef~hf, ef~hL, ef~hL HjfOF, ef~hL

117
 a'xf/L tyf To:tf] gftfsf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;Demg'
k5{ .
-v_ s'g} avt lgh jfl/;, sfg"g Joj;foL jf ;fIfL ePsf] d'2f,
-u_ lghn] GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf s'g} cbfntdf lg0f{o u/]sf] jf
clGtd cfb]z u/]sf] d'2f,
-3_ s'g} avt lghn] d'2f rNg] jf grNg] ljifodf /fo lbPsf] d'2f,
-ª_ cGo s'g} sf/0fn] cfwf/e"t ¿kdf lgh / lghsf] Psf;uf]nsf
kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] :jfy{ aflemPsf] jf v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf
JolQmsf] :jfy{ aflemPsf] d'2f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cj:yf b]lvPdf d'2f x]g]{ GofofwLzn] d'2f x]g{
gx'g] sf/0f v'nfO{ cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} GofofwLzn] s'g} d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug{ nfu]df d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfjZos k|df0f ;lxt d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f gug{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf d'2f x]g]{ GofofwLzn] d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug'{ cl3 To:tf] lgj]bg adf]lhdsf] dfu bfaL dgfl;a
eP jf gePsf] olsg u/L d'2f x]g{ gx'g] ePdf ;f]xL adf]lhd cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -$_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] d'2f ;f]xL cbfntsf]
csf]{ GofofwLz eP lghn] / To:tf] GofofwLz geP ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{sf] nflu d'2fsf] ldl;n ;a}eGbf glhssf] ;dfg:t/sf]
cbfntdf k7fO{ kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;f]xL cbfntdf tfl/v tf]sL k7fO{lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePdf To:tf] cbfntn] klg cfkm\gf]
clwsf/If]qleqsf] d'2f gePklg To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&@= GofofwLz cfk}mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfdx¿ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd cbfntn] ug]{ sfdx¿dWo]
b]xfosf sfdx¿ GofofwLz cfk}mn] ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ kIfsf] aofg lng],
-v_ ;fIfLnfO{ zky u/fpg],
-u_ ;fIfLsf] askq u/fpg],

118
 -3_ cGt/sfnLg jf cGtl/d cfb]z ug]{,
-ª_ d'2fdf lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿sf] cfb]z krf{ v8f ug]{,
-r_ k|df0f a'e\mg] ;DaGwL cfb]z lbg],
-5_ d'2fsf] k|f/lDes / k"j{;'g'jfO{ 5nkmn u/fpg],
-h_ ;'g'jfO{ ug]{,
-em_ ldnfkq u/fpg],
-`_ k}m;nf ug]{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] clGtd cfb]z lbg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg aofg jf askqsf]
clen]vgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu GofofwLzn] cbfntdf pknAw eP;Dd sDtLdf /fhkq
cglÍt k|yd >]0fL;Ddsf] / geP /fhkq cglÍt låtLo >]0fL;Ddsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
@&#= lnvt cg'jfb ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ g]kfnL efiff afx]s cGo s'g} efiffdf n]lvPsf] s'g} lnvt
cbfntdf k|df0fsf] ¿kdf k]z ePdf / To:tf] lnvt g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb ug'{ kg]{
b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] lnvt k]z ug]{ kIfnfO{ To:tf] lnvtsf] g]kfnL efiffdf
cg'jfb u/L k]z ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePdf ;DalGwt kIfn] To:tf]
lnvt g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|dfl0ft k|lt cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&$= cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntn] g]kfnL efiff ga'e\mg] s'g} kIf jf
;fIfLsf] aofg jf askq u/fpg' k/]df jf cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt
efiffsf] cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aofg jf askqsf] nflu cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lnFbf
ePsf] vr{ ;DalGwt kIfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
@&%= d'2fsf kIf;Fu hlxn];'s} ;f]Wg ;Sg] M -!_ GofofwLzn] d'2fsf] km};nf x'g'cl3 d'2fsf]
kIf;Fu d'2fsf] s'g} ljifodf hlxn];'s} klg cfb]z lbO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f]wL ;DalGwt d'2fsf kIfn] lbPsf] hjfkm ldl;ndf
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&^= kIf jf ;fIfLsf] kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s'g} kIf jf ;fIfLsf] kl/ro ;fj{hlgs ubf{ To:tf] kIf jf ;fIfLsf]

119
 ;fdflhs k|lti7f jf OHht pk/ k|lts"n k|efj kg{ ;Sg] jf lgh pk/ s'g} kIfaf6
cg'lrt 8/, qf; jf eo x'g ;Sg] jf lghsf] hLp, Hofgsf] ;'/Iffdf k|lts"n x'g
;Sg] b]lvPdf To:tf] kIf jf ;fIfLsf] gfd, y/, jtg jf lghsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd jf
lghsf] kl/ro x'g ;Sg] cGo s'g} x'lnof uf]Ko /fVg ;DalGwt kIfn] cbfntnfO{
cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'/f]w ePsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] kIf jf ;fIfLsf]
gfd, y/, jtg, lghsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd jf lghsf] kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg] u/L cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd uf]Ko /flvPsf] JolQmsf] gfd, y/, jtg jf lghsf]
afa' cfdfsf] gfd jf lghsf] kl/ro ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{sf avt jf ;f] ;DaGwL
ljj/0f k|sfzg ubf{sf avt cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd 5b\d gfd, y/, jtg jf
kl/ro /fvL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&&= /f]xa/df a:g tyf ;xL5fk ug{ ;xof]u ug{' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} sfd
sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf /f]xa/df a:g' kg]{ JolQmn] /f]xa/df j;L jf cbfntaf6 tof/
ul/Psf] lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] ;xL5fk u/L cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /f]xa/df a:g jf s'g} lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug{ s'g}
JolQmn] OGsf/ u/]df / To:tf] OGsf/Lsf] kl/0ffd ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ ubf{ klg /f]xa/df
a:g jf lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug{ OGsf/ u/]df To:tf] sfd jf lnvt u/fpg] sd{rf/Ln]
;f]xL Joxf]/f ;d]t pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lnvtdf /f]xa/df ga;]sf] jf ;xL5fk
gu/]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ s}lkmot hgfO{ pkl:yt ePsf cGo b'O{ JolQmsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{
cfk"mn] klg To;df ;xL5fk u/L lnvt tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] lnvtnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cbfntsf] sfddf cj/f]w ug]{ jf c;xof]u ug]{
JolQmnfO{ cbfntn] kf+Fr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

120
@&*= c;n lgotn] u/]sf]df arfp M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd
c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf GofofwLZf jf cGo s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ s'g} sf/afxL x'g] 5}g .
@&(= d'b|0f jf ul0ftLo q'l6n] c;/ gug]{ M -!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ubf{ o;
P]g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug]{ ;DaGwdf s'g} lsl;dsf ;fgf ltgf q'l6 jf
5'6 ePsf]df jf s'g} lnvt tof/ ubf{ n]vfO{, 5kfO{ jf d'b|0fdf ul0ftLo jf cGo s'g}
;fgf ltgf q'l6 jf 5'6 x'g uPsf] sf/0fn] dfq To;;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfd,
sf/afxL u}/sfg"gL ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ubf{ jf lnvt
tof/ ubf{ n]vfO{, 5kfO{ jf d'b|0fdf ul0ftLo jf cGo ;fgfltgf q'l6 jf 5'6 x'g uPdf
GofofwLzn] OG;fkmdf km/s gkg]{ u/L sf/0f ;lxtsf] 5'§} krf{ v8f u/L To:tf] e'n
jf q'l6 ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 .
@*)= e/kfO{ lng' jf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntdf bflvn ePsf] s'g} ;Ssn lnvt s'g}
JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbFbf jf cbfntaf6 s'g} ;Ssn lnvt s'g} JolQmnfO{ a'emfp+Fbf To:tf]
lnvt lkmtf{ lnPsf] jf a'emfPsf] Joxf]/fsf] e/kfO{ jf lg:;f lnO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntdf s'g} JolQmn] k]z u/]sf] s'g} ;Ssn lnvt cbfntn] a'emL lnFbf
lnvtdf s'g} s]/d]6 ePsf] / n]lvPsf] eP To:tf] oyfy{ ;d]t v'nfO{ lnvt k]z ug{]
JolQmnfO{ To;sf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
@*!= lgj]bg b:t'/ M o; P]gdf cGoyf pNN]fv ePsf]df afx]s cbfntdf s'g} lgj]bgkq
lbFbf bz ?k}ofF b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
@*@= Dofb jf ;"rgf k|sfzg M o; P]g adf]lhd cbfntaf6 s'g} Dofb jf ;"rgf /fli6«o
:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;+:yfaf6
k|sfzg x'g] /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lbg
k|sfzg ug{' kg{]5 .
@*#= ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ cfb]z lbg] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s o;
P]g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{' kg{] bfloTj ePsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] o; P]gdf lgwf{/0f

121
 ePsf] cjlwleq s'g} sfo{ ;Dkfbg gu/]df dsf{ kg{] kIfn] lghsf] lj?4df ;DalGwt
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/L k/]sf]df To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ a'em\bf dgfl;a
sf/0f lagf lghn] ug{' kg{] sfd ;dod} ;Dkfbg u/]sf] gb]lvPdf GofofwLzn] lghnfO{
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
@*$= lnvtx¿sf] kl~hsf M k|To]s d'2fdf cg';"rL–@( adf]lhdsf] 9f+Frfdf kl~hsf tof/
u/L btf{ ldltsf] qmdn] lnvtx¿sf] qmd;ª\Vof / ljj/0f hgfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
@*%= lnvt w'Nofpg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] d'2fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ePsf] kf+Fr jif{kl5 ;f]
d'2fsf] ldl;ndf /x]sf] b]xfosf lnvtx¿ afx]s cGo lnvtx¿ w'Nofpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lkm/fbkq,
-v_ aofg,
-u_ k|ltpQ/kq jf k|ltbfaL,
-3_ kIfsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb,
-ª_ d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt gS;f,
-r_ ;Ssn k|df0f sfuh,
-5_ ldnfkqsf] sfuhft,
-h_ k'g/fj]bgkq,
-em_ d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lbOPsf] lgj]bgkq,
-`_ cbfntaf6 ePsf] k}m;nf, lg0f{o, clGtd cfb]z,
-6_ sfg"g adf]lhd ;+/If0f ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf cGo lnvt .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfuh w'Nofpg'cl3 >]:t]bf/n] w'Nofpg' kg]{
sfuhftsf] km]xl/:t tof/ u/L To:tf] km]xl/:tdf cfkm\gf] ;xL5fk u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
@*^= cg';"rLdf yk36 jf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg] M ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L cg';"rLdf cfjZos yk36 jf x]/k]m/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@*&= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ cbfntL sfo{ljlwsf
;DaGwdf s'g} afwf c8\rg k/]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k"0f{ a}7sn] To:tf] afwf c8\sfp
k'msfpg cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

122
@**= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cbfntL sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf
;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
@*(= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;lsg] M o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg]5 .

123
 cg';"rL–!
-bkmf (% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lkm/fbkqsf] 9f+Frf
cbfnt÷sfof{non] eg]{
btf{ g+=M =========
btf{ ldltM =======
================================cbfnt÷sfof{nodf bfo/ u/]sf]
lkm/fbkq
=================== ;fnsf] b]=bf=g+= ==========

========== sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ============= a:g] jif{==========sf] ========= afbL

-PseGbf a9L afbL eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s afbLsf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._
lj?4
========= 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ===============a:g] jif{ ===== sf] ========== k|ltafbL
-PseGbf a9L k|ltafbL eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k|ltafbLsf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{_
d'2f M– ===================
!= d÷xfdL lkm/fbkqjfnf lgDg k|s/0fx¿df n]lvP adf]lhd lkm/fb ub{5' ÷ub{5f}F .
-lkm/fbsf] ljifoj:t' bfaL ug{] cfwf/ / lkm/fb bfaL pNn]v ug{]_
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-ª_
@= =======P]g ==== sf] bkmf==== adf]lhd of] d'2f o;} cbfnt÷sfof{nosf] clwsf/If]qleq
kb{5 .
#= lkm/fb ug{ ====== sfg"g adf]lhd xbDofb /x]sf] 5 .
$= k|:t't ljifodf cGoq lkm/fb u/]sf] 5÷5}g .
%= k|ltafbLnfO{ cfkm}Fn]÷sfg"g Joj;foL dfkm{t÷cbfntaf6 Dofb tfd]n ug{] Joj:yf u/L
kfpF .

124
^= sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
-v_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
-u_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
&= b]xfosf] b:t'/ o;};fy a'emfpg NofPsf] 5'÷5f}F .
-s_ =============== afkt ?= ============
-v_ =============== afkt ?= ============
-u_ =============== afkt ?= =============
*= lkm/fbsf] bfaLnfO{ k'li6 ug{] k|df0fM–
o; ljifodf b]xfosf] k|df0f ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg u/]sf] 5'÷5f}F .
-s_
-v_
-u_
(= ;fIfLM
-s_
-v_
-u_ ===================== -;fIfLx¿sf] k"/f gfd, pd]/ / 7]ufgf pNn]v ug]{_
!)= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] 5, e'm§f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf .
=======================
lkm/fbkqjfnfsf] b:tvt / ;Ël7t ;+:yf eP ;+:yfsf] 5fk

Olt ;Djt\ =============;fn =========dlxgf=========ut] ==========/f]h=========z'ed\ .

b|i6Jo M ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 lkm/fbkq lbFbf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf / To:tf]
;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 lkm/fbkq lbg clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQmsf] gfd y/ / kb pNn]v ug{'
kg{]5 .

125
 s}lkmot
@)=== ;fn ;fpgb]lv @)=====;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] b]jfgL bfo/L lstfj

clen]v ldl;n a'em\g]

sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL
km};nfsf] lsl;d
-bkmf (* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

km};nf ldlt / k}m;nf

ug]{ GofofwLzsf] gfd
==============cbfnt÷sfof{no

k|ltpQ/ k/]sf] jf Dofb

bfo/L lstfasf] 9fFrf

;dfKt ePsf] ldlt

cg';"rL–@

b:t'/

126
lauf] cÍ
kmfF6jfnfsf] gfd / ;xL
d'2f
k|ltafbLsf] gfd, y/ / jtg
afbLsf] gfd, y/ / jtg
afbLsf] b:tvt
btf{ ldlt
d'2f g+=
s|=;+=
 cg';"rL–#
-bkmf (* sf] pkbkmf -!_, bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_, bkmf @)( sf]
pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
e/kfO{sf] 9fFrf

==============cbfnt÷sfof{no

======================= sf] lkm/fbkq÷k|ltpQ/kq÷k'g/fj]bgkq k|fKt eO{ o; cbfnt÷sfof{nosf]

bfo/L lstfadf btf{ g+= =====ldlt =================== df btf{ ePsf]n] of] e/kfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

lkm/fbkq÷k|ltpQ/kq÷k'g/fj]bgkq btf{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf],–

b:tvt M
gfd M
cbfnt÷sfof{nosf] 5fk kb M
ldlt M

127
 cg';"rL–$
-bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] Dofb a'emL ul/lbg] e/kfO{sf] 9fFrf

==============cbfnt÷sfof{no

ldlt ============= df ======= cbfnt÷sfof{nodf ======= a:g] ===== pk/ lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf]df ;f]
d'2fdf k|ltafbLnfO{ d ============== cfkm}Fn]÷afbLsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] Dofb tfd]n ug{ o;
cbfntaf6 ;f] Dofbsf cfjZos k|lt, lkm/fbkq / k|df0fsf k|dfl0ft k|lt a'lemlnPsf]n] of]
e/kfO{ ul/lbPsf] 5' .

cbfntaf6 Dofb a'em\g]sf],–

b:tvt M
afbL÷sfg"g Joj;foLsf] gfd M
sfg"g Joj;foL eP k|df0fkq g+=M
ldlt M

128
 cg';"rL–%
-bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ltafbLn] Dofb a'lem afbL jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ ul/lbg] e/kfO{sf] 9fFrf

============ 7fpF a:g] ======================n] ===========cbfnt÷sfof{nodf ldlt

================df d]/f pk/ lkm/fbkq btf{ u/fpg' ePsf]df k|ltpQ/ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu
afbL÷sfg"g Joj;foL ===== n] ldlt ====== df dnfO{ Dofb ;lxtsf] lkm/fbkq / k|df0fsf]
k|ltlnlk a'emfpg Nofpg' ePsf]n] ;f] a'emL lnO{ of] e/kfO{ ul/lbPsf] 5' .

Dofb a'em\g]sf],–
b:tvt M
gfd M
ldlt M
;do M

129
 cg';"rL–^
-bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

=====================cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6
k|ltafbLsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdfsf] 9fFrf

=====================sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL =======lhNnf ========== uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f

g+===============ufpF÷6f]n============ =====a:g] jif{==========sf]] tkfO{F >L==================== sf gfpFdf
ldlt===============================df ============= n] ============ d'2fsf] lkm/fbkq o;
cbfnt÷sfof{nodf lbPsf] x'gfn] ;f] lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t o;};fy k7fOPsf] 5 . of]
Dofb÷Otnfogfdf tkfO{Fn] kfP jf sfg"g adf]lhd 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
PSsfO{; lbgleqdf k|ltpQ/kq / sfg"g adf]lhd cfk\mgf] lnlvtsf] k|df0f ;d]t lnO{ xflh/
x'g cfk}m cfpg' jf sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL k7fpg' x'g ;"lrt ul/Psf] 5 .
Dofbleq k|ltpQ/kq lnO{ tkfO{F cfk}Fm jf jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL dfk{mt pkl:yt
x'g' ePg eg] ;f] d'2fdf sfg"g adf]lhd k}m;nf x'g]5 / eljiodf To; ljifodf tkfO{Fsf] s'g}
ph'/ nfUg] 5}g .

Dofb÷Otnfogfdf hf/L ug]{ clwsf/Lsf],–

b:tvt M
gfd M
kb M
ldlt M

tfd]nL ldlt M
-s_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmn] a'lemlnPsf]df
========== ljifodf d]/f] gfpFdf hf/L ePsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf /
lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t b]xfosf ;fIfLx¿sf] /f]xa/df d cfk}Fmn] a'emL lnPF egL
b:tvt ug]{ =====================

130
-v_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmsf] Psf3/sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] a'lemlnPsf]df
========== ljifodf Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf JolQmn] Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'e\mg
OGsf/ u/]sf]n]÷k]mnf gkbf{ lghsf] gfpFsf] o;} adf]lhdsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf
/ lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t b]xfosf ;fIfLx¿sf] /f]xa/df a'lemlnPF egL b:tvt
ug]{ Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf =====================sf] Psf3/sf] ===================== gftfsf] jif{
========sf] =======================.

-u_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmsf] 3/b}nf]df 6fF; ePsf]df

========== ljifodf Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf =============/ lghsf] Psf3/sf] pd]/
k'u]sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;d]t 3/df k]mnf gk/]sf]n]÷a'e\mg OGsf/ u/]sf]n] lghsf]
gfpFsf] Dofb÷ Otnfogfdf / lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t xfdL b]xfosf ;fIfLsf
/f]xa/df lghsf] 3/ b}nf]df ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L 6fF;L===== uf=kf=÷ =====g=kf=sf] j8f==g+==
sfof{nodf Ps k|lt Dofb lbPsf] 7Ls 5 egL b:tvt ug]{ xfdL b]xfosf dflg;x¿ M–

-3_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQm k]mnf gk/L tfd]n ug''{ k/]sf]df
========== ljifosf] o;} adf]lhdsf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lem lng' kg]{ JolQm jf
lghsf] 3/ ;d]t vf]h tnf; ubf{ k]mnf gk/]sf]n] lghsf gfpFsf] Ps k|lt
Dofb÷Otnfogfdf ;DAflGwt j8fsf] ==========7fpF jf 6f]nsf] ;fj{hlgs 7fpF ============-
7fpF v'nfpg]_ =======df 6fF; u/L lkm/fbkqsf] k|ltlnlk / tfd]nL Dofb÷Otnfogfdf
lkmtf{ k7fPsf 5f} egL b:tvt ug]{ b]xfosf dflg;x¿ M–
;fIfL
dfly pNn]lvt v08 - _ adf]lhd xfdLx¿sf] /f]xa/df Dofb ÷Otnfogfdf tfd]nL
ePsf] 7Ls xf] egL b:tvt ug]{
!= ===== lhNnf =====uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+======ufpF÷6f]n= ==========a:g] jif{ ======sf >L
====.
@= =======lhNnf =====uf=kf÷g=kf= j8f g+========ufpF÷6f]n= =============a:g] jif{ =======sf
>L =====.

131
 #= =======lhNnf =====uf=kf÷g=kf= j8f g+========ufpF÷6f]n= =============a:g] jif{ =======sf
>L =====.

/f]xa/
============= lhNnf ========== uf=kf=÷g=kf ======== sf ;b:o÷;lrj÷=
==============>L÷>LdtL=========
3/ b}nf]df 6fF; ePsf]df÷ufpF, zx/ jf 6f]n kQf gnfu]sf]df
o;} adf]lhsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf o; ====================
uf=kf÷=====g=kf=j8f g+= ===sf] sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ug{ bflvn eof] egL
b:tvt ug]{ M–

b:tvt M ===============
sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd M ===============
ldlt M =======
sfd tfd]n ug]{sf],–
b:tvt M
tfd]nbf/sf] gfd M
ldlt M

132
 cg';"rL–&
- bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

k|ltafbL afx]s cGo JolQmsf gfpFdf hf/L ul/g] Dofb÷Otnfogfdfsf] 9fFrf

==========cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdf
=====================sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL =======lhNnf ========== uf=kf÷g=kf= j8f
g+===============ufpF÷6f]n============ =====a:g] jif{==========sf]] tkfO{F >L=================;Fu
================afbL =====k|ltafbL ePsf] ============ d'2fsf ;DaGwdf s]xL s'/f a'em\g' k/]sf]n] of]
Dofb÷Otnfogfdf tkfO{Fn] kfP jf sfg"g adf]lhd 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
;ft lbgleq tkfO{F cfk}Fm pkl:yt jf sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'lQm u/L
o; cbfnt÷sfof{no k7fpg' x'g ;"lrt ul/Psf] 5 .
Dofbleq tkfO{F pkl:yt x'g' ePg jf jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL klg k7fpg' ePg eg]
;f] d'2fdf sfg"g adf]lhd km};nf x'g]5 / eljiodf To; ljifodf tkfO{Fsf] s'g} ph'/ nfUg]
5}g .

Dofb÷Otnfogfdf hf/L ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]],–

b:tvt M
gfd M
kb M
ldlt M
;do M

tfd]nL ldlt M
-s_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmn] a'lemlnPsf]df
========== ljifodf d]/f] gfpFdf hf/L ePsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf /
lkm/fbkq k|ltpQ/kq÷==============sf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t b]xfosf ;fIfLx¿sf] /f]xa/df d
cfk}mn] a'emL lnPF egL b:tvt ug]{=====================

133
-v_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] a'lemlnPsf]df
================== ljifosf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf JolQmn] Dofb÷Otnfogfdf
a'e\mg OGsf/ u/]sf]n]÷k]mnf gkbf{ lghsf] gfpFsf] o;} adf]lhdsf] Ps k|lt
Dofb÷Otnfogfdf ==============sf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t b]xfosf ;fIfLx¿sf] /f]xa/df
a'lemlnPF egL b:tvt ug]{ Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf =========================sf] Psf3/sf]
================ gftfsf] jif{ ========sf] ======================.

-u_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQmsf] 3/b}nf]df 6fF; ePsf]df

========== ljifosf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdfjfnf =============/ lghsf] Psf3/sf] pd]/
k'u]sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;d]t 3/df k]mnf gk/]sf]n]÷a'e\mg OGsf/ u/]sf]n] lghsf]
gfpFsf] Dofb ÷Otnfogfdf ==========sf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t xfdL b]xfosf ;fIfLsf /f]xa/df
lghsf] 3/ b}nf]df ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L 6fF;L===== uf=kf=÷=====g=kf=sf] j8f=======g+=======
sfof{nodf Ps k|lt lbPsf] 7Ls 5 egL b:tvt ug]{ xfdL b]xfosf dflg;x¿ M–

-3_ Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lemlng' kg]{ JolQm k]mnf gk/L tfd]n ug''{ k/]sf]df
============= ljifosf] Dofb÷Otnfogfdf a'lem lng' kg]{ JolQm jf lghsf] 3/
;d]t vf]h tnf; ubf{ k]mnf gk/]sf]n] lghsf gfpFsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf
;DAflGwt j8fsf] ==========7fpF jf 6f]nsf] ;fj{hlgs 7fpF ============-7fpF v'nfpg]_
=======df 6fF; u/L =================sf] k|ltlnlk / tfd]nL Dofb÷Otnfogfdf lkmtf{ k7fPsf
5f} egL b:tvt ug]{ b]xfosf dflg;x¿ M–

;fIfL
dfly pNn]lvt v08 - _ adf]lhd xfdLx¿sf] /f]xa/df Dofb ÷Otnfogfdf
tfd]nL ePsf] 7Ls xf] egL b:tvt ug]{
!= =======lhNnf=====uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+========ufpF÷6f]n= =============a:g] jif{ =======sf >L
=====.
@= =======lhNnf=====uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+========ufpF÷6f]n= =============a:g] jif{ =======sf >L
=====.

134
#= =======lhNnf=====uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+========ufpF÷6f]n= =============a:g] jif{ =======sf >L
=====.

/f]xa/
=======lhNnf============uf=kf=÷g=kf==========sf ;b:o÷;lrj÷== >L ==

3/ b}nf]df 6fF; ePsf]df÷ufpF, zx/ jf 6f]n kQf gnfu]sf]df

o;} adf]lhsf] Ps k|lt Dofb÷Otnfogfdf o; ============== uf=kf=÷=====g=kf= j8f g+=
===sf] sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ug{ bflvn eof] egL b:tvt ug]{M–
b:tvt M
sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd M
ldlt M
sfd tfd]n ug]{sf],–
b:tvt M
tfd]nbf/sf] gfd M
ldlt M

135
 cg';r
" L–*
-bkmf !!# sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLn] Dofb a'emL lnPsf] e/kfO{sf] 9fFrf

afbL ==================== / k|ltafbL ====================== ePsf] ======= cbfnt÷sfof{nodf

ldlt============== df bfo/ ePsf] ==== ;fnsf] d'2f g+ ====== sf] ====== d'2fdf k|ltpQ/kq bfo/
ug{sf] nflu ;f] cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 ========================= sf gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb lgh
k|ltafbLnfO{ a'emfpg] u/L d}n] a'lemlnO{ of] e/kfO{ ul/lbPF .

Dofb a'em\g] jfl/;÷sfg"g Joj;foLsf],–

b:tvt M
gfd M
k|df0fkq gDa/ M
7]ufgf M
ldlt M
;do M

136
 cg';"rL–(
-bkmf !@) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ltpQ/kqsf] 9fFrf
cbfnt÷sfof{non] eg]{
btf{ g+=M ============
btf{ ldltM =======
=
==============cbfnt÷sfof{nodf bfo/ u/]sf]

k|ltpQ/kq

=================== ;fnsf] b]=bf=g+= ==========

=======sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ======a:g] ===== jif{=======sf] ==== k|ltafbL

-PseGbf a9L k|ltafbL eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k|ltafbLsf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._

lj?4
===========sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL =========a:g] jif{ === sf] ==== === afbL
-PseGbf a9L afbL eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s afbLsf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._

d'2f M– ==============
plNnlvt ljkIfL ePsf] pQm d'2fdf o; cbfntaf6 d]/f÷xfd|f gfddf hf/L ePsf]
Dofb afbL÷sfg"g Joj;foL÷cbfntaf6 ldlt ========= df k|fKt ePsf]n] ;f] lkm/fb bfaLsf
;DaGwdf b]xfosf] Joxf]/fsf] k|ltpQ/kq lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 5'÷5f} .
!= afbLn] bfaL u/]sf ljifox¿sf ;DaGwdf d]/f]÷xfd|f] ePsf] oyfy{ Joxf]/f lgDg
k|s/0fx¿df v'nfPsf] 5'÷5f}F .
-s_
-v_

137
 -u_
-3_
-ª_
@= lkm/fbbfaL k"0f{ ¿kdf jf cf+lzs ¿kdf :jLsf/ ub{5'÷ub{5f}F . ulb{gF÷ub}{gf} .
-lkm/fbbfaL cf+lzs ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP :jLsf/ u/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f pNn]v
ug]_{
#= k|ltbfaL s'g} eP pNn]v ug]{M
-s_
-v_
-u_
$= lkm/fb btf{ ug{] xsb}of gePsf]÷gfn]; ug]{ xbDofb gePsf]÷cbfntsf]
If]qflwsf/ gePsf] lhls/ lnPsf] eP ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f .
%= lkm/fb bfaL cg';f/ cbfntaf6 lg0f{o x'g' kg{] xf] xf]Og .
^= sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
-v_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
-u_ gfd =========== k|df0fkq g+=======
&= b]xfosf] b:t'/ o;};fy a'emfpg NofPsf] 5'÷5f}F .
-s_ ===============afkt ?= ============
-v_ ===============afkt ?= ==============
*= k|df0fM o; ljifodf b]xfosf] k|df0f ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg
u/]sf] 5'÷5f}F .
-s_
-v_
-u_
(= ;fIfL M–
-s_
-v_

138
 -u_============-;fIfLx¿sf] k"/f gfd, pd]/ / 7]ufgf_
!)= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] 5, e'm§f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf
a'emfpFnf .

==========================
k|ltpQ/kqjfnfsf] b:tvt / ;Ël7t ;+:yf eP ;+:yfsf] 5fk

Olt ;Djt\===========;fn ==========dlxgf=======ut] =========/f]h========z'ed\ .

b|i6Jo M ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltpQ/kq lbFbf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf
7]ufgf / To:tf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltpQ/kq lbg clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQmsf] gfd y/ /
kb pNn]v ug{' kg{]5 .

139
 cg';"rL–!)
-bkmf !#& sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v lstfasf] 9f+Frf

===========cbfnt÷ sfof{nodf v8f ul/Psf] tfl/v lstfa

;Djt\ =================================================================

dlxgf,ut] l;=g++= d'2f k'g/fj]bs k|ToyL{] tfl/v s}lkmot

af/ afbL÷k|ltafbL÷ k|ltafbL÷afbLsf] tf]lsPsf]
lgj]bssf] gfd gfd k|of]hg

===============
b:tvt

140
 cg';"rL–!!
-bkmf !#& sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v krf{sf] 9f+Frf

=========== cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6
hf/L ePsf]
================================gfdsf]

tfl/v krf{

=============================================lj?4==============================

@)================;fnsf] b]jfgL bfo/L gDa/======sf] ======== d'2f =========================sf] lgldQ

;Djt\ =================sf] tfl/v tf]lsPsf]n] ;f] lbg ============= ah] ==========df pkl:yt x'g of]
tfl/v krf{ lbOPsf] 5 .

tfl/v tf]Sg] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M ==========

gfd M
ldlt M

141
 cg';"rL–!@
-bkmf !#* sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v e/kfO{sf] 9fFrf

=====================cbfnt÷sfof{nodf v8f ul/Psf] tfl/v

e/kfO{

afbL k|ltafbL

d'2f

ldlt============================df

ldlt===================df d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9fOg] ePsf]n]÷ ================ sfd ug]{

ePsf]n] ldlt ================sf lbg ======ah] o; cbfnt÷sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g]5' egL ;xL
ug]{ ===========

afbL ===========
k|ltafbL ==========

142
 cg';"rL–!#
-bkmf !$^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
clVtof/gfdfsf] 9f+Frf

============a:g]========================= ;Fusf] =============================================d'2fdf

d]/f] tkm{af6 ====-k|of]hg v'nfpg]_======================================== ========sfd ug{nfO{
================a:g] jif{=======sf] =================== gful/stf g+= ===============÷-gful/stf hf/L
ePsf] jif{ / lhNnf_ =======================================nfO{ clVtof/gfdf lbO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm u/]sf]
5' . lgh jfl/; sfg"g adf]lhd jfl/; x'g of]Uo x'g'x'G5 . d}n] cbfntaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd
nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, cbfntL z'Ns ;/sf/L lauf] jf s'g} b:t'/ ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] 5}g .
dfly n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;f+Frf] 5, em'§f 7x/]df of] clVtof/gfdf ab/ u/L sfg"g adf]lhd ePdf
d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .

ldlt ========================= ===========================

bf= jf= -b:tvt_
cf}F7fsf] 5fk÷;Ël7t ;+:yf eP ;+:yfsf] 5fk k"/f gfd y/ M ==========
k"/f 7]ufgf M ============

dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd ==============a:g] ==========jif{=== gful/stf g+= =======

-hf/L ePsf] jif{ / lhNnf, ;Ël7t ;+:yf ePdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf_ sf] jfl/; e}
sfd ug{ dnfO{ d~h'/ 5 . ;f] sfd d OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ug]{5' . d}n] cbfntaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd
nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, cbfntL z'Ns, ;/sf/L lauf] jf s'g} b:t'/ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] 5}g
. d jfl/; x'g sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo /x]sf] 5' .
ldlt ========================= ===========================
bf= jf= -b:tvt_
cf}F7fsf] 5fk k"/f gfd y/ M =====================
k"/f 7]ufgf M =======================

143
;fIfLx¿ M
of] clVtof/gfdf xfd|f] /f]xa/df n]vL ;xL5fk ePsf] ;fFrf] xf] .
-!_ gful/stf÷/fxbfgL jf ;f] ;/xsf] cGo ljj/0f, gDa/ / hf/L lhNnf======= sf]
=========a:g] jif{============sf] >L ===============
-@_ gful/stf÷/fxbfgL jf ;f] ;/xsf] cGo ljj/0f, gDa/ / hf/L lhNnf======= sf]
==================a:g]=========jif{====sf] >L =========== ====
-#_ gful/stf÷/fxbfgL jf ;f] ;/xsf] cGo ljj/0f,s gDa/ / hf/L lhNnf======= sf]
========= n]vs >L ========== -k|df0fkq eP ;f] v'nfpg]_
of] clVtof/gfdf =============================df n]lvPsf] xf] .
ldltM

144
 cg';"rL–!$
-bkmf !*) sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfLsf gfddf hf/L ul/g] Dofbsf] 9f+Frf

============= cbfnt÷ sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf]

========================a:g]===================================sf] gfdsf] Dofb .

====================================afbL ====== k|ltafbL ePsf] ===================================d'2fdf

=======n] tkfO{FnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]sf] x'Fbf tkfO{F;Fu s]xL s'/f a'emL askq u/fpg' kg]{ ePsf] x'gfn]
;Djt\ ============== ;fn ========== dlxgf =====ut] ===========sf lbg laxfg == ah] o; cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'g cfpg' xf]nf . pkl:yt x'g gcfP sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Dofb hf/L ug]{

clwsf/Lsf],–
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM
ldltM

cbfnt÷sfof{nosf] 5fk

145
 cg';"rL–!%
-bkmf !*@ sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt _
>Job[Zo ;+jfb dfkm{t ;fIfL a'em]sf] clen]vsf] d'r'Nsfsf] 9f+Frf

====================== afbL ====================== k|ltafbL ePsf] =================d'2fdf afbL÷k|ltafbLsf]

;fIfL cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;sL ldlt ========sf] cfb]zn] ======== a:g] ;fIfL ==========
nfO{ xfdL tkl;nsf dflg;sf /f]xa/df >Job[Zo ;Djfb dfkm{t a'lemPsf] 7Ls ;f+Frf] xf] .

;fIfLsf] gfd, y/ M

cbfntaf6 vl6O{ cfPsf sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M

cbfntaf6 vl6O{ cfPsf sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ / kb M

afbL, k|ltafbL jf lghsf] jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] b:tvt M

afbL, k|ltafbL jf lghsf] jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] gfd, y/ M

:yfgLo txsf ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt M

:yfgLo txsf ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] gfd, y/ / kb M

:yfg M
ldlt M

146
 cg';"rL–!^
-bkmf !*$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfLn] zky lng] 9f|+Frf

d =============================================== O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5'÷;Tolgi7f ;lxt

k|lt1f ub{5' ls afbL====================================== =k|ltafbL ======================= ePsf] ========
========================== d'2fdf d}n] b]v], hfg] / ;'g]sf] Joxf]/f ;a} ;f+Frf] askq ug]{5' . s'g} s'/f
n'sfpg] jf 9fF6\g] 5}g / cbfnt÷sfof{no tyf d'2fsf kIfx¿sf] tkm{af6 ;f]lwPsf] ;a}
k|Zgx¿sf] b]v], hfg] / ;'g];Ddsf] ;xL pQ/ lbg]5' . em'§f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ePdf d]/f]
d~h'/ 5 .
d]/f] /f]xa/df ;fIfLn] zky lnPsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] .

=================== ========================
zky lng]sf] b:tvtM GofofwLzsf] b:tvtM
ldlt ldlt

147
 cg';"rL–!&
-bkmf !*& sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt _
;fIfLsf] askq u/fpg] 9f+Frf
d'2f ==========================================
;Djt\ @) ;fnsf] b] bf========g+

========= afbL =============================k|ltafbL ePsf] d'2fdf afbL÷k|ltafbLsf]

;fIfL >L ================================= n] u/]sf] askq

k|Zg / ltgsf] hjfkmx¿

!= k|Zg M– tkfO{Fsf] / tkfO{Fsf] cfdf a'afsf] gfd s] xf] < hjfkm =========
tkfO{Fsf] pd]/ slt 5 < k]zf s] xf] < a;f]af; =============
sxfF 5 < -cbfntaf6 ;f]Wg]_ hjfkm =========
@= ;DalGwt kIf . lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] ;f]Wg] k|ZgM
-s_ hjfkm =========
-v_ hjfkm==========
-u_ hjfkm=======
-3_ hjfkm====
-b|i6JoM ;DalGwt kIf jf sfg"g Joj;foLn] s'g} k|Zg g;f]w]df cbfntn] cfjZos k|Zg
;f]Wg' kg]{5 ._
#= ljkIfL÷sfg"g Joj;foLn] lh/x u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-v_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-u_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-3_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
$= ;DalGwt kIf÷sfg"g Joj;foLn] k'gM ;f]wk'5 ug{ rfx] ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-v_ k|ZgM hjfkmM

148
 -u_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-3_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
%= cbfntn] s'g} k|Zg ug{ rfx]df ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-v_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
^= of] askq d}n] eg] adf]lhd n]lvPsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] .

================ ====================== ====================

kIfsf]] b:tvt askq ug]{ JolQmsf] askq u/fpg]
b:tvt GofofwLzsf] b:tvt
ldlt M

149
 cg';"rL–!*
-bkmf !*( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfLnfO{ k7fpg] aGb;jfnsf] 9f+Frf

=======================================cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 k7fOPsf] aGb;jfn

;Djt\ ================;fnsf]======== d'2f g+======================================

d'2f
======================================================================== afbL
lj?4
=============================================================== k|ltafbL
=========afbL jf k|ltafbLsf ;fIfL======= a:g]=======jif{======sf] ========sf] aGb;jfn

!= k|ZgM– tkfO{Fsf] / tkfO{Fsf] cfdf a'afsf]] gfd s] xf] < hjfkm ==========
tkfO{Fsf] pd]/ slt 5 < k]zf s] xf] 3/ ============
sxf+F 5 < hjfkm ==========
@= cbfntaf6 ;f]wL k7fPsf k|Zgx¿M
-s_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-v_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-u_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-3_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-ª_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
#= ljkIfL÷sfg"g Joj;foL pkl:yt eO{ lh/x u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM
-s_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-v_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
-u_ k|ZgM hjfkmM
$= of] aGb;jfn d}n] eg] adf]lhd n]lvPsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] . e'm§f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g d~h'/ 5 .

150
 ================ ====================== ====================
kIfsf]] b:tvt aGb;jfn ug]{ JolQmsf] aGb;jfn u/fpg] sd{rf/L
b:tvt jf GofofwLzsf] b:tvt

ldltM

151
 cg';"rL–!(
-bkmf !(* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k}m;nfsf] 9f+Frf

================lhNnf cbfnt÷sfof{no
Ohnf;
=====================af6 ePsf]
k}m;nf

;Djt\ ================sf] b]jfgL bfo/L g+ ===========================

d'2fM–

afbLsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf k|ltafbLsf] gfd, y/,

-PseGbf a9L afbL eP o;} 7]ufgf==================
adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s afbLsf] -PseGbf a9L k|ltafbL eP o;}
xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k|ltafbLsf]
xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._

afbLsf] ;fIfL k|ltafbLsf] ;fIfL ========================

k|df0f k|df0f
================================================ ====================================================
cbfntaf6 a'e]msf]
;fIfL =======================
===============================
k|df0f ==========================
d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo ;lxtsf] ljj/0f M
afbL bfaL M

152
 k|ltafbLsf] lhls/ / k|lt/Iff M
afbL k|ltafbLn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f M
kIfx¿ aLr s'/f ldnL jf gldnL OG;fkm lbg' kg{] ljifo M
kIf jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ax; lhls/ jf ax; gf]6 k]z u/]sf]df ;f]sf] d'Vo
a'Fbf M
cbfntn] 7x/ u/]sf] ljifo / ;f]sf] cfwf/ M
7x/ ug{ lnOPsf] ;Da4 sfg"g M
lg0f{o ePsf] ljifo sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ a'Fbf M
k'g/fj]bg nfUg] jf gnfUg] s'/f M
tkl;n
-km};nfsf] tkl;ndf d'2f km};nf ug]{ GofofwLzn] d'2fsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ km};nf sfof{Gjog
ug]{, k'g/fj]bg nfUg] eP s'g cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg], cbfntL z'Ns e/fpg] jf ge/fpg]
/ e/fpg' kg]{ eP s;/L e/fpg] / cGo s'g} s'/f eP ;f] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 ._

km};nf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] GofofwLzsf] k"/f gfdsf] b:tvt

sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM–

Olt ;Djt\ ===========;fn ===========dlxgf========== ut] ===========/f]h ========z'ed\ .

cbfnt÷sfof{nosf] 5fk

153
 cg';"rL–@)
-bkmf @)) sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf ;lxtsf] k'g/fj]bg Dofb÷km};nf ePsf] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf

==========================cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] ===================a:g]

sf] gfdsf] km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf ;lxt k'g/fj]bg Dofb÷km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf

afbL ==========================k|ltafbL ====================ePsf] =================d'2fdf o;

cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 ldlt =============================df afbL bfaL k'Ug]÷afbL bfaL gk'Ug]÷afbL
bfaL vf/]h x'g] 7x/L ================k}m;nf ePsf]n]÷;f] k}m;nfdf lrQ ga'e]m tkfO{Fn] of] Dofb
kfP jf 3/ b}nfdf 6fF; ePsf] ldltn]======================lbg leq ====== cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{
hfg' xf]nf . Dofb leq k'g/fj]bg gu/L Dofb u'hf/L a;]df d'2f sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . kl5
tkfO{Fsf] s'g} gfln; nfUg] 5}g÷hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k7fOPsf] 5 .

k'g/fj]bg Dofb÷km};nf ePsf] ;"rgf hf/L ug]{ clwsf/Lsf],–

b:tvt M
gfd M
kb M
ldlt M

154
 cg';"rL –@!
-bkmf @)* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k'g/fj]bgkqsf] 9f+Frf

cbfnt÷sfof{non] eg]{
btf{ g+= =========
btf{ ldlt M ========

==========================bfo/ u/]sf]
k'g/fj]bg kq

======== a:g] jif{ ============= sf] ================== k'g/fj]bs

afbL÷k|ltafbL
-PseGbf a9L k'g/fj]bs eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k'g/fj]bssf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._

lj?4

====================a:g] jif{ ========== sf] ====== k|ToyL{

afbL÷k|ltafbL
-PseGbf a9L k|ToyL{ eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k|ToyL{sf] xsdf pNn]v
ug]{ ._

d'2f ============================================

km};nf ug]{ GofofwLz / cbfnt÷ sfof{no

km};nf ePsf] ldltM
km};nfsf] ldl;n g+=M

155
 d÷xfdL kIf /x]sf] pko'{Qm d'2fdf b]xfosf s'/fdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] u/L pko'{Qm
GofofwLz / cbfnt÷sfof{noaf6 km};nf ePsf]df ;f] km};nfdf lrQ ga'emL km};nf ePsf]
;"rgf================= -ldlt pNn]v ug]{_ df kfPsf]n] b]xfosf] k'g/fj]bg ub{5'÷ub{5f}F .

!= d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0fM

@= km};nfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0fM
#= km};nf ubf{ lnPsf cfwf/M
$= k'g/fj]bg ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / km};nfsf cfwf/ v08gsf] Joxf]/fM
-s_
-v_
-u_
%= k'g/fj]bg lhls/ / To;nfO{ k'i6\ofO{ ug{] sfg"gL cfwf/M
^= k'g/fj]bg ubf{ nfUg] cbfntL z'Ns / cGo b:t'/M
&= cGo cfjZos s'/fx¿ s'g} eP ;f] M
-s_
-v_
-u_
*= k'g/fj]bg ;fy ;+nUg ug{' kg{] lnvtx¿M
-s_ km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ cbfntL b:t'/ tyf cGo b:t'/,
-u_ s'g} k|df0f eP ;f] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk .
(= o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] 5, e'm6\6f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf .
==================================
k'g/fj]bssf] b:tvt / ;Ël7t ;+:yf eP ;+:yfsf] 5fk M
ldlt M

b|i6Jo M ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bgkq lbFbf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf
/ To:tf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bg ug{] clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQmsf] gfd y/ / kb
pNn]v ug{' kg{]5 .

156
 cg';"rL–@@
-bkmf @!$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ToyL{ lemsfpg hf/L ul/g] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf

============= cbfnt÷sfof{no
;Djt\ @)======= ;fnsf] ==========d'2f g+=

=============================================k'g/fj]bs
afbL÷k|ltafbL
lj?4
================================================== k|ToyL{
afbL÷k|ltafbL

=====================sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL =====================lhNnf ================

ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ==== a:g] jif{ =======sf]================== ===sf gfpFd f hf/L
ePsf] ;"rgf .

o; cbfntaf6 ldlt ========================= df ============================== -cfb]zsf]

5f]6s/L Joxf]/f pNn]v ug]{_ cfb]z ePsf]n] ;f] cfb]zsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg u/L tkfO{Fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ of] ;"rgf k7fOPsf] 5 . ;f] d'2fdf cfˆgf] ;a't k|df0f lnO{ o;
cbfnt÷sfof{nodf tkfO{F cfkm}F pkl:yt x'g cfpg' xf]nf jf sfg"g adf]lhdsf] cfkm\gf] sfg"g
Joj;foL jf jfl/; k7fpg' xf]nf cGoyf o; ljifodf sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;Djt\ ============ ;fn ======== dlxgf ====== ut] ===== /f]h ====== sf lbg cbfntsf] 5fk
/ d]/f] b:tvtaf6 of] ;"rgf hf/L eof] .

=====================
-cbfntsf] 5fk_ cfb]z adf]lhd
b:tvt

157
 cg';"rL–@#
-bkmf @!% pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k'g/fj]bg k}m;nfsf] 9f+Frf
================================== cbfnt
-Psn÷;+o'Qm_ Ohnf;
dfggLo GofofwLz >L ===================
af6 ePsf]
k}m;nf

;Djt\ @)======== ;fnsf] b]jfgL k'g/fj]bg gDa/ ============================

d'2f ====================
k'g/fj]bssf] k"/f gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf ========== k'g/fj]bs
afbL÷k|ltafbL
-PseGbf a9L k'g/fj]bs eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k'g/fj]bssf] xsdf pNn]v ug]{ ._
lj?4
k|ToyL{sf] k"/f gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf ======== k|ToyL{ afbL÷k|ltafbL
-PseGbf a9L k|ToyL{ eP o;} adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|To]s k|ToyL{sf] xsdf pNn]v
ug]{ ._

!= d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYoM -d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ug]{_
@= k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ljkIfL lemsfpFbf ePsf] cfb]zsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f pNn]v ug]{ .
#= k|df0f a'em]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f pNn]v ug]{ .
$= k'g/fj]bg bfaL / pRr cbfntaf6 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ ljifo -a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug]{_
-s_
-v_
%= cbfntn] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ u/]sf] lg0f{o / 7x/
tkl;n
!= km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljifo,

158
@= k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb ;DaGwL ljifo,
#= cbfntL z'Ns ;DaGwL ljifo,
$= cGo cfjZos s'/f .
-b|i6JoM tkl;ndf pNn]lvt ljifodf d'2f km};nf ug]{ GofofwLzn] d'2fsf] k|s[lt cg';f/
km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{, k'g/fj]bg nfUg] jf gnfUg] / nfUg] eP s'g cbfntdf
nfUg], cbfntL z'Ns e/fpg] jf ge/fpg] / e/fpg' kg]{ eP s;/L e/fpg] / cGo
s'g} s'/f eP ;f] cfjZostf cg';f/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 ._

km};nf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] GofofwLzsf] k"/f gfdsf] b:tvt

sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM–
Olt ;Djt\ ===========;fn ==========dlxgf==========ut] ========/f]h ==========z'ed\ .

159
 cg';"rL–@$
-bkmf @#% sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu kIfnfO{ pkl:yt x'g hf/L u/]sf]
Dofbsf] 9fFrf

==================== sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL

===============================lhNNff===================uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+= ====== a:g]
====================sf gfpFdf============ lhNnf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] PSsfO{; lbg] Dofb

=======================afbL / ==================k|ltafbL ePsf] ===============d'2fdf

====================cbfntaf6 ldlt ======================df ===================== -s] ug]{ u/L clGtd
km};nf ePsf] 5 ;f]xL ljj/0f ;+lIfKt ¿kdf pNn]v ug]_{ ug]{ u/L clGtd km};nf ePsf]n] ;f]
km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu pkl:yt x'g of] Dofb hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . tkfO{Fn] of]
Dofb a'lemlnPsf] jf sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s PSsfO;
lbgleq o; cbfntdf cfkm}F pkl:yt x'g cfpg' jf cfkm\gf] sfg"g Joj;foL jf jfl/; d's//
u/L k7fpg' xf]nf . Dofbleq cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g gcfP sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf],–
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM
Olt ;Djt\ @)======== ;fn ==============dlxgf===============ut] /f]h ========= z'ed\ .

160
 cg';"rL–@%
-bkmf @#* sf] pkbkmf -(_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
rng rnfpg] 3/÷k;nsf] tfNrf vf]nL lbgsf] nflu hf/L ul/Psf] Dofbsf] 9fFrf

=================sf] 5f]/f ÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ===============lhNnf =======uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+= ==========

a:g] jif{==========sf gfpFdf lhNnf ====== cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] ;ft lbg] Dofb

=======================afbL / ==============k|ltafbL ePsf] ==============d'2fdf ============cbfntaf6

ldlt =======================df rng rnfO{ lbg] u/L clGtd km};nf ePsf]df o; cbfntaf6 8f]/
vl6O{ rng rnfO{ lbg hfFbf =============lhNnf ==============uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+= ======
ls=g+====== df ag]sf] 3/÷k;ndf tfNrf nflu /fv]sf] / ;f] tfNrf vf]Ngsf] nflu ;f]
3/÷k;nsf] wgL tkfO{F pkl:yt x'g gcfpg' ePsf]n] ;f] 3/÷k;nsf] tfNrf vf]nL lbgsf]
nflu of] ;ft lbg] Dofb o; rng rnfpg' kg]{ 3/÷k;ndf 6fF; ul/Psf]
5 . of] Dofb 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;f] 3/÷k;nsf] tfNrf vf]nL lbg' xf]nf . ;f]
Dofbleq tfNrf gvf]n]df cbfntaf6 8f]/ cfO{ tfNrf vf]nL ;f] 3/÷k;n rng rnfO{
lbOg]5 . o; ljifodf kl5 tkfO{Fsf] s'g} ph'/ nfUg] 5}g .

;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf],–
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM

Olt ;Djt\ @)======== ;fn============dlxgf =============ut] /f]h================z'ed\ .

161
 cg';"rL–@^
-bkmf @$! sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
c+z 5'6\ofpgsf] nflu xflh/ gx'g] c+lzof/sf] gfpFdf hf/L x'g] Dofbsf] 9fFrf

= ========sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ============lhNnf =============uf=kf÷g=kf= j8f g+= === a:g]

jif{========sf gfpFdf ==========lhNnf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] kGw| lbg] Dofb

=======================afbL / ==============k|ltafbL ePsf] ==============d'2fdf ============cbfntaf6

ldlt =======================df c+za08f u/L lbg] u/L clGtd km};nf ePsf]df ;f] km};nf adf]lhd
c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbgsf] nflu c? c+lzof/ o; cbfntdf xflh/ /x]sf] t/ tkfO{F xflh/ gx'g'
ePsf]n] sfg"g adf]lhd c+za08f u/L cfkm\gf] efusf] c+z a'emL lng cfpgsf] nflu of] Dofb
hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] Dofb a'lemlnPsf] jf sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ 6fF; ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf
Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf cfkm}F pkl:yt x'g jf cfkm\gf] jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL
d's// u/L k7fpg' xf]nf . tkfO{F pkl:yt gePdf tkfO{F ;d]t ;a} c+lzof/nfO{ /fvL Ps}
k6s c+z 5'6\ofO{ a08f ul/g]5 . tkfO{F pkl:yt x'g gcfPdf cfk"mnfO{ g/fvL a08f 5'6\ofO{
c;n sd;n k¥of] jf 36L a9L eof] egL kl5 s'g} lsl;dsf] ph'/L ug{ kfOg]] 5}g .
;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lsf],–
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM

Olt ;Djt\ @)====== =====;fn============dlxgf =============ut] /f]h=========z'ed\ .

162
 cg';"rL–@&
-bkmf @$! sf] pkbkmf -*_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
c+z lbg] jf c+za08f x'g] ;DklQ lhDdf /fVg] JolQmsf
gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofbsf] 9fFrf

=============sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷klt÷kTgL ====== lhNnf==========uf=kf=÷g=kf= j8f g+= ========= a:g]

jif{=======sf gfpFdf ========= lhNnf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] kGw| lbg] Dofb

=======================afbL / ==============k|ltafbL ePsf] ==============d'2fdf

============cbfntaf6 ldlt =======================df c+za08f u/L lbg] u/L clGtd km};nf
ePsf]df ;f] km};nf adf]lhd c+za08f 5'6[ofO{ lbgsf] nflu cbfntaf6 8f]/ vl6O{ cfpFbf
tkfO{F km]nf gk/]sf] / tkfO{Fsf Psf3/sf pd]/ k"/f u/]sf JolQmn] ;d]t kmFf6jf/L adf]lhdsf]
;a} ;DklQ bflvnf gu/]sf]n] tkfO{Fsf] 3/ b}nf]df of] Dofb 6fF;L lbPsf] 5 . of] Dofb 6fF;]sf]
ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf cfkm}F pkl:yt x'g jf cfkm\gf] sfg"g
Joj;foL jf jfl/; d's// u/L cfkm\gf lhDdfdf /x]sf] a08f ug'{ kg]{ kmfF6jf/Ldf n]lvPsf ;a}
;DklQ b]vfO{ 5'6\ofO{ c+za08f u/L lbg cfpg' xf]nf . tkfO{F klg cfpg' ePg / jfl/; jf
sfg"g Joj;foL klg k7fpg' ePg eg] sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .

;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf],–
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM

Olt ;Djt\ @)=======;fn==========dlxgf =============ut] /f]h==================z'ed\ .

163
 cg';"rL–@*
-bkmf @%$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGWft_
;/sf/ afbL x'g] b]jfgL d'2f

!= g]kfn ;/sf/ jf To;sf] s'g} sfof{no, cbfnt, ;+a}wflgs lgsfosf] xs lxt jf

;/f]sf/ ePsf] d'2f,
@= ;/sf/L hUuf bkf]6 ;DaGwL d'2f,
#= lt/f] bkf]6 ;DaGwL d'2f,
$= d"n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf $#@ / $## cGtu{tsf] d'2f,
%= ;/sf/L /sd snd bjfPsf] jf ;/sf/L xsb}of nfUg] s'/f sfod ug]{ ljifosf] d'2f,
^= g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL x'g] egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] c? b]jfgL d'2f .

164
 cg';"rL–@(
-bkmf @*$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lnvt kl~hsfsf] 9f+Frf

=================================lj?4 ====================================
d'2f =============== ;fn==================sf] ld=g+====================
lnvtsf] lnvtx¿sf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f lnvt bflvnf lnvt bflvnf sd{rf/Lsf]
qmd;ª\Vof ug]{ kIfsf] ePsf] ldlt ;xL5fk
slxNo} kfFr jif{kl5 gfd
g;8fpg] ;8fpg]

tof/ ug]{sf] b:tvt k|dfl0ft ug{] clws[tsf] b:tvt

165