Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf -$(_ sf] pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd rfns
k|lzIf0f s]Gbsf] nflu hf/L ul/Psf]_
efu – !
rfF/ kfFu|] ;jf/L -df]6/_
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no4f/f rf/ kfFu|] ;jf/L ;fwg -s\]g, /f]8/f]n/, 8f]h/, nf]8/ jfx]s_
sf] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq k|fKt ug{ rfxg]sf] nflu ;rfng ul/g] k/LIffdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf
ljifo ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 . To;}sf/0f rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] ;jf/L rfnssf] nflu ;+rfng ug]{
k|lzIf0fdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] ljifodf k|lzIffyL{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 .
!=!= ;}4flGts
2
tLg ljGb'sf] 6g{
kfFr ljGb'sf] 6g{
*= k5fl8 kmsf{pg] Aofs luo/sf] k|of]u
l;6df a;]/ Aofs luo/ ;dfTg] tl/sf
utL lgoGq0f
:6]l/Ëdf lgoGq0f
'S' j]G8df Aofs ug]{
;fdfGo q'6L ;Rofpg]
(= kfls{Ë ;dfgfGt/ kfls{Ë,
sf]0f kfls{Ë,
;dsf]0f kfls{Ë,
psfnf]df kfls{Ë,
cf]/fnf]df kfls{Ë,
;fdfGo q'6L ;Rofpg]
!)= ljleGg cj:yfsf] 8«fOleË /ftLdf
lbgdf
kfgL k/]sf] j]ndf
kfgL jf lxnf]df
jfSnf] x':;'df
lrKnf] jf6f]df
5
k|lzIf0fsf] cg'dflgt ;do M @ 306f
8
ug'{ kg]{ ;fdfGo sfo{x?
#= dfgj zl// s= ;fdfGo agfj6
v= k|d'v c+usf] sfo{
d'6'
kmf]S;f]
sn]hf]
d[uf}nf
6fpsf]
cfFvf
sfg
d'v
cfGb||f
xfF8
/ut
$= 8«]l;Ë / a}08]h kl/ro
lsl;d
cfjZostf
nufpg] tl/sf
%= /Qm ;+rf/ /utsf] dxTj
/St ;++rf/sf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L
/ut ;d'xsf] hfgsf/L
/ut lbg' kg]{ cj:yf
/Stbfg
Jn8 j}Ísf] sfd
^= 3fp / /St>fj 3fp
kl/ro
lsl;d
Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/f
3fpjf6 /ut hfg] cj:yf
/f]syfdsf pkfo
Kf|fylds pkrf/
&= ljif]z 7fFpdf /St>fj /St>fj
zl//sf leqL c++udf /St>fj
6fpsf]df /St>fj
/St>fjsf] cj:yfdf k||fylds pkrf/
*= zs Zfs x'g] cj:yf
Zfssf nIf0f
Kf|fylds pkrf/
9
(= Zjf; k|Zjf; Zjf; k|Zjf;sf c+ux?
Zjf; k|Zjf; /f]lsg] cj:yf
s[ltd Zjf; k|Zjf;sf] tl/sf
!)= xf8df rf]6 nfUg] xfF8sf] rf]6 yfxf kfpg] tl/sf
Kf|fylds pkrf/
!!= kf]Ng] -hng_ Kff]n]sf] cj:yfdf k|fylds pkrf/
!@= a]xf]; jf cr]t j]xf]; x'bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifo
j]xf]; x'bfsf] cj:yfdf k|fylds pkrf/
!#= ljiffbL ljiffbLsf] lsl;d
dfgj zl//nfO{ xfgL ug]{ ljiffbL
ljiffbL zl// leq k;]sf] cj:yfdf ul/g] k|fylds pkrf/
10
*= 8«fOleË cEof;
!=*=!= k/LIf0f ul/g] lzk / 1fg
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{non] ;jf/L rfnssf] Ifdtf k/LIf0fsf] nflu k/LIff lbg] JolStdf
b]xfo jdf]lhdsf lzk / 1fgsf] cj:yfsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ 5 . To;}sf/0f rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] ;jf/L
rfnssf] k|lzIf0f ;++rfng ubf{ ;f]lx cg';f/ Jojxfl/s lzk 1fg k|bfg ug]{ u/L ug'{ kb{5 .
-s_ OlGhg ;'rf? ug'{ eGbf cufl8 lng' kg]{ ;fjwfgLsf pkfox? ckgfpg ;Sg],
-v_ ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg ;'? ubf{, ;jf/L cufl8 j9fO{ /xbf jf cf]e/ 6]s ug{ dfu{ kl/jt{g ubf{
jf bfoFf tkm{ nfUbf jf /f]Sbf ;+s]t ug'{ eGbf cufl8 ;jf/L ;fwgdf /x]sf] 6fF8f x]g]{ P]gfsf]
pko'St 9+un] k|of]u ug]{,
-u_ jfofF / bfofF s'gf tkm{ ;'/lIft / ;lhn/L df]8\g,]
-3_ cfsl:ds jf cGo cfjZos cj:yfdf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]Sg], cfjZos cj:yfdf pko'St ;++Í]tsf]
k|of]u u/L ;8ssf] pko'St :yfgdf ;'/lIft ?kdf /f]Sg],
-ª_ ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpbf cGo ls|ofsnfkjf6 Wofg e+u x'g glbg] / lk|h]G; ckm dfOG8 k|bz{g
ug]{,
-r_ 6«flkms lrGx jf 6«flkms jQL jf 6«flkms k|x/L jf k|x/Ln] u/]sf] ;Í]tsf] 7Ls 9+un] lzw| kngf
ug]{ / c? ;8s k|of]ustf{n] lbPsf] ;+s]tsf] kfngf 7Ls 9+un] ug]{,
-5_ k}bn ofq'n] jf6f] s\; ug]{ 7fFpdf pko'St Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug]{,
-h_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf /x]sf xft] jf ljB'tLo ;+Í]tx?sf] :ki6 / ljgf uNtL 7Ls ;dodf 7Ls
;++Í]tsf] k|of]u ug]{,
-em_ 6«flkms / ;8ssf] cj:yf cg';f/ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] utLnfO{ ;Gt'lnt /fVg],
-`+_ 7f8f] psfnf]df xofG8 a]|s jf PlS;n]6/ / uf]8fdf /x]sf] a]|ssf] k|of]u u/L ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{
k5fl8 ;g{ glbO{ /f]Sg / k'gM;+rfng ug{ ;Sg],
-6_ cf]/fnf]df hfbf tNnf luo/df lzw| kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg],
-7_ k5fl8sf] luo/ k|of]u u/L ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ l;ldt rf}8fO{sf] ;8sdf bfof{ jf jfoFf tkm{jf6
kmsf{pbf k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf 7Ls tl/sfn] kmsf{pg],
-8_ 6«flkms cj:yfn] dfu u/]sf] j]nf pRr luo/jf6 tNnf] luo/df lzw| kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg],
-9_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf /x]sf PlS;n]6/, Nsr, luo/, j|]s -xft] / uf]8f_, :6]l/Ë / xg{sf] 7Ls 9+un]
k|of]u ug]{ /
-0f_ cfjZos k/]sf] jf ePsf] cj:yfdf :6]l/Ë, ;xh luo/sf] kl/jt{g / a|]ssf] k|of]u u/L ;jf/L
;fwgdf ;fwf/0f lgoGq0f sfod ug]{ .
11
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{non] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] tl/sf4f/f pNn]lvt lzk / 1fgsf] k/LIf0f
ug]{ x'gfn] rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] ;f]xL cg';f/sf] cEof; u/fpg' kb{5 .
-s_ rnfpg' k"j{sf] ;jwfgL / ;'/Iff k/LIf0f
-v_ lrq cfF7df k/LIf0f
-u_ l:k8 j]|s/ k/LIf0f
-3_ 6«flkms ;+Í]tsf] k/LIf0f
-ª_ ¥ofDk k/LIf0f
-r_ Uof/]h kfls{Ë k/LIf0f
-5_ ;jf/Lsf] ult, luo/ kl/jt{g / ;dosf] k/LIf0f
efu –@
b'O{ kfFu|] ;jf/L ;fwg -df]6/ ;fOsn jf :s'6/_
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{non] b'O{ kfFu|] ;jf/L ;fwg -df]6/ ;fOsn jf :s'6/_ sf] ;jf/L
rfns cg'dltkq k|fKt ug{ rfxg]sf] nflu ;+rfng ug]{ k/LIffdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf ljifo ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] x'G5 . To;}sf/0f rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?n] ;jf/L rfnssf] nflu ;+rfng ug]{ k|lzIf0fdf
b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] ljifodf k|lzIffyL{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kb{5 .
@=!= ;}4flGts
k|lzIf0fsf] cg'dflgt ;do M @ 306f
13
&= df]8fpb} cufl8 j9fpg] bfofF jf jfofF df]8fpg]
æ o' Æ 6g{ ug]{
tLg ljGb'sf] 6g{
kfFr ljGb'sf] 6g{
*= kfls{Ë ;dfgfGt/ kfls{Ë,
sf]0f kfls{Ë,
;dsf]0f kfls{Ë,
psfnf]df kfls{Ë,
cf]/f]nf]df kfls{Ë,
;fdfGo q'6Lx? ;Rofpg]
(= ljleGg cj:yfsf] 8«fOleË /ftLdf
lbgdf
kfgL k/]sf] j]nfdf
kfgL jf lxnf]df
jfSnf] x':;'df
lrKnf] jf6f]df
14
k|ltjGwfTds lrGx -#) j6f_
;r]tfTds -$# j6f_
;"rgfd"ns - !* j6f _
$= 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] Ozf/f. 6« f lkms k|x/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ Ozf/f
xft] Ozf/f
l;ÝLsf] Ozf/f
%= c6f]d]l6s 6«flkms lrGx s= 6«flkms jQL
/ftf]
kx]nf]
xl/of]
v= k}bn ofqLsf] nflu jQL
/ftf]
Xl/of]
u= xft] jQL
^= ;8s dfls{Ësf] hfgsf/L n]g nfOg
h]j|f s|l;Ë
:6k
bfoFf df]8
jfoFf df]8
&= /fhdfu{ tyf zx/L utL ;Ll;d ug]{ ;Í]t
;8sdf ;jf/Lsf] utL ;DaGwL ;Í]tsf] kfngf
hfgsf/L
*=kfls{Ë Kffls{Ë ug{ x'g] :yn
Kffls{Ë ug{ gx'g] :yn
Kffls{Ë ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
!)= lglZrt ;jf/LnfO{ cfkt\sflng ;jf/L
k|fyldstf bdsn,
PDa'n]G;
zj jfxg
k|x/Lsf] ;jf/L
ljlzi6 JolStsf] ;jf/L
!!= lglZrt ;8s a[4 j[4f
k|of]ustf{nfO{ k|fyldstf Jffnjflnsf
dlxnf
ckfË
;]tf] nÝL lnPsfx?
lj/fdL
15
@=# b'3{6Gff Aoj:yfkg
k|lzIf0fsf] cg'dflgt ;do M ! 306f
@=$=k|fylds pkrf/
k|lzIf0fsf] cg'dflgt ;do M ! 306f
16
/ut
$= 8«]l;Ë / a}08]h kl/ro
lsl;d
cfjZostf
nufpg] tl/sf
%= /Qm ;+rf/ /utsf] dxTj
/st ;+rf/sf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L
/ut ;d'xsf] hfgsf/L
/ut lbg' kg]{ cj:yf
/St bfg
Jn8 j}Ísf] e'ldsf
^= 3fp / /St>fj 3fp
kl/ro
lsl;d
Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/f
3fpjf6 /ut hfg] cj:yf
/f]syfdsf pkfo
Kf|fylds pkrf/
&= ljif]z 7fFpdf /St>fj /St>fj
zl//sf leqL c++udf /St>fj
6fpsf]df /St>fj
/St>fjsf] cj:yfdf k||fylds pkrf/
*= Zjf; k|Zjf; Zjf; k|Zjf;sf c+ux?
Zjf; k|Zjf; /f]lsg] cj:yf
s[ltd Zjf; k|Zjf;sf tl/sf
(= xfF8df rf]6 nfUg] xfF8sf] rf]6 yfxf kfpg] tl/sf
Kf|fylds pkrf/
!)= kf]Ng] - hng_ Kff]n]sf] cj:yfdf k|fylds pkrf/
!!= a]xf]; jf cr]t j]xf]; x'bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifo
j]xf]; x'bfsf] cj:yfdf k|fylds pkrf/
!@= ljiffbL ljiffbLsf] lsl;d
dfgj zl//nfO{ xfgL ug]{ ljiffbL
ljiffbL z/L/ leq k;]sf] cj:yfdf ul/g] k|fylds pkrf/
17
@=%= 8«fOleË cEof;
@=%=!= k/LIf0f ul/g] lzk / 1fg
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{non] b'O{ kfFu|] ;jf/L ;fwg -df]6/;fOsn jf :s'6/+=_ sf] cg'dltkq
k|fKt ug{ rfxg]sf] nflu ;++rfng ug]{ Ifdtf k/LIf0fsf] k/LIff lbg] JolStdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf lzk /
1fgsf] cj:yfsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ 5 . To;}sf/0f rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] ;jf/L rfnssf] k|lzIf0f ubf{
k|lzIffyL{df ;f]lx cg';f/ Jojxfl/s lzk / 1fg k|bfg ug]{ u/L ug'{ kb{5 .
-s_ OlGhg ;'rf? ug'{ eGbf cufl8 lng' kg]{ ;fjwfgLsf pkfo ckgfpg ;Sg],
-v_ jfofF / bfofF s'gf tkm{ ;'/lIft / ;lhn/L d]f8\g],
-u_ cfsl:ds jf cGo cfjZos cj:yfdf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]Sg], cfjZos cj:yfdf pko'St ;++Í]tsf]
k|of]u u/L ;8ssf] pko'St :yfgdf ;'/lIft ?kdf /f]Sg],
-3_ ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpbf cGo ls|ofsnfkjf6 Wofg e+u x'g glbg] / lk|h]G; ckm dfOG8 k|bz{g
ug]{,
ª_ 6«flkms lrGx jf 6«flkms jQL jf 6«flkms k|x/L jf k|x/Ln] u/]sf] ;Í]tsf] 7Ls 9+un] lzw| kngf
ug]{ / c? ;8s k|of]ustf{n] lbPsf] ;+Í]tsf] kfngf 7Ls 9+un] ug]{,
-r_ k}bn ofq'n] jf6f] s|; ug]{ 7fFpdf pko'St Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug]{,
-5_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf /x]sf ljB'tLo ;++Í]tx?sf] :ki6 / ljgf uNtL 7Ls ;dodf 7Ls ;++Í]tsf] k|of]u
ug]{,
-h_ 6«flkms / ;8ssf] cj:yf cg';f/ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] utLnfO{ ;Gt'lnt /fVg],
-em+_ 7f8f] psfnf]df xofG8 a]|s jf y|f]6n / uf]8fdf /x]sf] a]|ssf] k|of]u u/L ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{
k5fl8 ;g{ glbO{ /f]Sg / k'gM;+rfng ug{ ;Sg],
-`_ cf]/fnf]df hfbf tNnf luo/df lzw| kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg],
-6_ 6«flkms cj:yfn] dfu u/]sf] j]nf pRr luo/jf6 tNnf] luo/df lzw| kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] /
-7_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf /x]sf PlS;n]6/, Nsr, luo/, a|]sx? / xg{sf] 7Ls 9+un] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] .
Gff]6 M luo/ gePsf b'O{ k|fu] ;jf/L ;fwg rfnssf] nflu ul/g] k/LIf0fdf luo/sf] pkof]usf] ljifo
;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
@=%=@= k/LIf0fsf] tl/sf
rfnsdf pNn]lvt lzk / 1fgsf] cj:yfsf] k/LIf0fsf] nflu oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{non]
b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] ;ft ljleGg ljlw cjnDjg ug]{] x'gfn] rfns k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] ;f]xL cg';f/
cEof; u/fpg' kb{5 .
-s_ rnfpg' k"j{sf] ;jwfgL / ;'/Iff k/LIf0f
-v_ lrq cfF7df k/LIf0f
-u_ ;fw'/f] sf7df k/LIf0f
-3_ 6«flkms ;+Í]tsf] k/LIf0f
-ª_ pj8 vfj8sf] k/LIf0f
-r_ ¥ofDk k/LIf0f
-5_ ;jf/Lsf] ult, luo/ kl/jt{g / ;dosf] k/LIf0f
cEof;sf] cg'dflgt ;do M @) 306f
18