jif{ #, c+s $), @)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/ (June 6, 2010) d"No ?= %.

–
;xdlt sfof{Gjog geP hgbafa M k|sfz ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ ;+s6df

nlntk' / . PsLs[ t g] s kf -
dfcf]jfbL_ sf pkfWoIf gf/fo0fsfhL
>]i7n] g]kfnL sfFu; ]| / g]skf -Pdfn]_n]
oxL h]7 !$ ut] ePsf] tLga'bF ] ;xdtL
sfof{Gjog gu/] hgbafa lbg'kg]{ l:ylt
cfpg ;Sg] atfpg' e Psf] 5 .
kqsf/;Fu cfk\mg} lgjf; wf]aL3f6df
s'/fsfgL ub}{ pxfFn] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]n]
;xdtL nfu" ug{] gug]{ cj:yf x]/]/
;+3if{sf :j¿k to ul/g] hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] . oBlk ;xdltsf] ljsNk
g/x]sfn] jftf{sf] 9f]sf v'nf /flvPsf]
:ki6 kfb}{ pxfFn] sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf
g]tfx¿nfO{ ;xdtL sfof{Gjog ug{
cfu|x ug{e' of] . pkfWoIf >]i7n] k|dv '
k|ltkIfL bn Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu ;Nnfx g}
gu/L anhk\mtL¿kdf Joj:yflksf–
;+;b\sf] clwj]zg cGTo u/]/ ;/sf/n]
ljZjs} ;+ ; bLo d" N o–dfGotfsf]
lvNnL p8fPsf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] .
cfk\mg} kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf /fli6«o ;+o'St
;/sf/ aGg' k g{ ] s' / fdf hf] 8 lbF b }
rf“8} ;xdtL u/ M cd]l/sf
sf7df8f}F . ;+oS' t /fHo cd]l/sfn]
hlt;Sbf] rfF8} /fhgLlts ;xdlt
sfod u/L hf/L /fhgLlts ult/f]w
cGTo ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x u/]sf]
pkfWoIf >] i 7n] eGg' e of] – Tof]
l:yltdf klg ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj cWoIf
k' i ksdn bfxfn ‘k| r 08’n] g}
ug{x'g]5 . Ps csf{] k|Zgdf pxfFn]
zflGtk| l qmof ;DkGg ug{ / gofF
;+ljwfg agfpg] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf
x:tIf] k gug{ / g] k fnL hgtfsf]
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{
ef/t ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x ug{'eof] .
Dofb Ps jif{sf nflu yk ul/Pkl5
klg /fhgLlts ult/f]wsf] cGTo x'g
g;s]sfn] /fli6«o ;xdltsf nflu
cd]l/sfn] ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x u/]sf] xf] .
d'ns
' d'7e]8tkm{ pGd'v
sf7df8f} F . h] 7 !$ ut]
;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsFb} nfUbf
bnx¿aLr ePsf] ;xdlt d;L ;'Sg
gkfpFb} ckJofVof u/L ;Qf;Lg bn
g]kfnL sfFu|]; / Pdfn]n] pNn+3g
u/]sf 5g\ . kfFr lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn]
/fhLgfdf lbg] ;t{df ePsf] tLg a'Fb]
;xdlt k| w fgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf
gu/]kl5 cGttM lgl:qmo x'g k'u]sf]
5 . PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{
k6s–k6s ;xdltsf gfddf
e'mSofpFb} cfPsf ;Qf;Lg bnx¿ Ps
k6s k'gM dfcf]jfbLnfO{ e'mSofpg
;kmn ePsf] eGb} b}lgs e]63f6df
/dfO/x] s f 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] of]
sfo{z}nLnfO{ PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn]
b[9tfk"j{s lnPsf 5g\ eg] ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnL hgtf ;/sf/sf] of] 3[l0ft
z}nLsf] lj?4df 5nkmndf h'6]sf
5g\ ;/sf/sf] o; z}nLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL
dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtf, b]zL,
ljb] z L s" 6 gLlt1x¿;d] t
o:tf] 5, dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+ljwfg cfZro{rlst ag]sf 5g\ . af]nL /
Jojxf/df Ps¿ktf gePsf] o] ;/sf/
;a}lt/af6 gflÍFb}5 . t/, klg pm
sf7df8f}F . ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb Ps jif{ yk ul/Ps} ef]lnkN6 PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ ug{ OR5's 5}g,
gofF ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] v'Nnf d~rdf cfof]lht
hg;efdfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfnfO{ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] o;n] d'n'snfO{ d'7e]8tkm{ ws]Ng]5,
/fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 7x/ 5 .
;+ljwfg, @)^& gfd lbOPsf] 5 . pQm d:of}bf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;+:yfks g]tf g/axfb'/
sdf{rfo{n] t];f| ] u0ftGq lbj;sf] cj;/df v'nfd~raf6 ;fj{hlgs ug'e { Psf] xf] . kf6L{sf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts j[Qdf nfu]sf]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;'emfj ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] !( efu / @ ;o &$ wf/fdf ljeflht pQm u|xbzf x6]sf] 5}g a? lbgk|ltlbg
;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf, g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ulxl/Fb} uPsf] 5 . sl/a !@ dlxgf
ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6«o Pstf, :jfwLgtf Pjd\ :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} ;fdGtjfb / nfdf] cjlwdf ;xdltsf s'/f w]/} eP
j}bl] zs x:tIf]ksf ;a}vfn] ¿kx¿sf] cGTo ub}{ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf] t/ sfd slQ klg ePg . ;xdltsf
dfWodåf/f cu|udg;lxtsf] lbuf] zflGt, ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ub}{ ;dfhjfb
:yfkgfsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfg{ ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff nflu nrstfsf] e¥ofª cf] n { g '
cTofjZos lyof] . t/, ;Qf kIf pQm
ul/Psf] 5 . em08} Ps ;o k[ i 7
nfdf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f k]h $–^ df k | : t f j g f , sfo{ d f df} g 5 . dfwj g] k fn
k|f/lDes x'bF } gful/stf, df}lns xs / st{Jo, /fHosf lgb]z { s l;4fGt tyf gLlt / bfloTjx¿, h:tf];'s} kl/l:ylt l;h{gf eP klg
/fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8, sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf, Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw,
cfly{s sfo{k0| ffnL, Gofokflnsf, ;+jw} flgs c+ux¿ zLif{ssf efux¿ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . To;}u/L
/fli6«o lxtsf] ;+/If0f / cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, /fli6«o ;'/Iff / ;]gf, /fhgLlts bn, ;+s6sfnLg
s';L{ gTofUg] x7 /fvL a;]sf 5g\ .
d"ntM ;Qf kIfn] g} ljdltsf] af6f]nfO{
k|>o lbPsf] sf/0f /fhgLlts ;+s6
Joj:yf, ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg, ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf, kl/efiff, ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL u/L
!( j6f efudf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;fy} pQm ;+ljwfg cWoog u/]/ plrt ;'emfj lbg PsLs[t ulxl/Fb} uPsf] xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf]
dfcf]jfbLn] ;a}nfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . -afF s L & k] h df_

6'/ ufO8x? s/ ltb}g

5 . k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn;Fu
z' q maf/ ck/fGx g] k fnsf nflu
cd]l/sL /fhb"t :s6 Pr 8]ln;Ln]
lzi6frf/ e]6 u/L cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf]
wf/0ff hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] xf] . oxL
h]7 !$ ut] dWo/flt ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lu6L lgsf;Ldf /fh:j r'xfj6
e} / xjf . g] k fnaf6 ef/ttkm{
lgsf;L x' F b } cfPsf] 9' + u f, lu6L,
afn'jfnufotsf gbLhGo j:t'x¿sf]
lgsf;Ldf b}lgs nfvf}F ¿k}ofFsf]
/fh:j /sd lxgfldgf x' g ] u/] s f]
kfOPsf] 5 . gbLhGo j:t' x ¿sf]
lgsf;L ubf{ jf:tljs kl/df0feGbf
sd kl/df0f b] v fO{ eG;f/
sd{rf/Lx¿n] /fh:j /sd lxgfldgf
ug{] u/]sf x'g\ . lbgx'Fh;f] ef/ttkm{
9'+uf, lu6L, afn'jf nf]8 u/]/ hfg]
6\ofS6/ tyf 6«sdf nf]8 ul/Psf]
jf:tljs kl/df0feGbf sd
kl/df0fsf] lgof{ t z' N s eG;f/
sd{ r f/Lx¿n] sf6\ g ] u/] s f 5g\ .
eG;f/ kl/;/df /f]sL /flvPsf o:tf
6\ofS6/x¿df 5 3gld6/ dfn nf]8
cd]l/sfn] g]kfndf lbuf] zflGt / yk
ul/Psf] cjlwleq} gofF ;+ljwfg b]Vg
rfx]sf] /fhb"t 8]ln;Ln] k|wfgdGqL
g]kfn;Fu atfpg'ePsf] k|wfgdGqLsf
j}b]lzs dfldnf;DaGwL ;Nnfxsf/
/fhg e§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
eP klg slknj:t'sf] dhf{bk'/ eG;f/
gfsfn] tLg 3gld6/ dfnsf] dfq}
lgof{t z'Ns sf6]sf] 5 . k|lt3gld6/
rf/ ;osf b/n] @$ ;o ¿k}ofFk|lt
6\ofS6/ lgof{t z'Ns sf6\g' kg]{df
7] s ] b f/;F u sf] ldnf] d tf] d f
sd{rf/Lx¿n] k|lt6\ofS6/ !@ ;o
¿k}ofF dfq} lgof{t z'Nsa sf6]sf] yfxf
x' g cfPsf] 5 . slknj:t' s f]
s[ i 0fgu/ tyf dhf{ b k' / eG;f/
gfsfaf6 o:tf 6«s tyf l6Kk/x¿
;of}Fsf] ;+Vofdf dfn;fdfg af]s]/
ef/ttkm{ hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . /fh:j
r' x fj6 /f] S g ;/sf/n] ljleGg
gfsfx¿df /fh:j u:tL tyf r]shfFr
a9fPsf] bfaL u/] klg b}lgs ¿kdf
-afF s L & k] h df_
{ g\
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn 3' D g cfpg]
ko{ 6 snfO{ 3' d fP/ dfl;s nfvf} F
sdfpg] 6'/, 6«]lsª ufO8x¿nufot
ko{ 6 g If] q df sfo{ / t sltko
Joj;foLx¿ s/sf] bfo/fdf 5}gg\ .
;DalGwt Joj;foLx¿n] lbPsf]
hfgsf/Lcg';f/ pgLx¿ xfn;Dd d"No
clej[l4 s/ -Eof6_ df btf{ ePsf
5}gg\ eg] pgLx¿n] :yfoL n]vf gDa/
-Kofg_ klg lnPsf 5}gg\ . ko{6g
If]qdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L tyf dhb'/x¿
x/]s dlxgf cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ cfk\mgf]
tnaeQf j[l4 u/fpgdf Jo:t /x] klg
xfn;Dd klg ;/sf/nfO{ ltg{'kg]{ s/
lt/]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] uPsf]
cfly{s jif{ @)^%÷^^ b]lvg} ;a} txsf
sd{rf/Lb]lv sfdbf/x¿n] Wofg btf{
u/]/ s/ ltg{'kg]{ elgP klg dfl;s
nfvf}F sdfpg] 6«]lsª, 6'/, ;xfl;s
ufO8x¿nufot ko{6g If]qsf sfo{/t
dhb'/n] xfn;Dd Wofg btf{ k|lqmofdf
cfPsf 5}gg\ . ;fdfGotof pgLx¿sf]
dfl;s cfDbfgL eg]sf] ;docg';f/
km/s–km/s eP klg dfl;s ¿kdf
;/b/ @) xhf/b] l v % nfv;Dd
sdfpg] ufO8x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;]K6]Da/,
cS6f]a/nufotsf ko{6sLo ;dodf
Tof] /sd cem} a9L pgLx¿ cfkm}F
:jLsf5{ g \ . g] k fndf @ xhf/ %
;osf] ;+Vofdf cg'dlt k|fKt 6'/ ufO8
/x]sf 5g\ eg] !! xhf/ cg'dlt k|fKt
6«]lsª ufO8x¿ 5g\ . Tolt g} ;+Vofdf
dhb' / nufot xhf/f} F s f] ;+ V ofdf
;fxl;s ufO8x¿ ko{6g If]qdf sfo{/t
5g\ . o:t}, ko{6g If]qdf sfo{/t ufO8
tyf lxdfn r9fpg] z] k f{ b ] l v
el/of;Ddsf sf]xL klg xfn;Dd Kofg
btf{sf] k|lqmofdf cfPsf 5}gg\ . o;/L
Kofg btf{ k| l qmofdf gcfpF b f
pgLx¿af6 cfpg] a;]{lgsf] nfvf}Fsf]
/fh:jaf6 ;/sf/ al~rt x'g' k/]sf]
5 . pgLx¿ cfk\mgf] clkm;n] ltg]{
ePsfn] cfkm"x¿n] ltl//fVg] gb]v]/
Kofgsf] btf{ k| l qmofdf guPsf]
atfpF5g\ . Kofgdf btf{ u/L s/df
;xefuL ePsf] sf]xL klg ufO8x¿
xfd|f] hfgsf/Ldf /x]sf 5}gg\", 6'l/:6
ufO8 P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfn -6'/ufg_
sf cWoIf x/] / fd a/fnn] eg] .
vf;u/L 6'l/:6 ufO8x¿ ;f]em} Kofg
btf{ k|lqmofdf guP klg cfkm"x¿n]
kfpg] tnaaf6 clkm;n] !% k|ltzt
clu| d s/ s§L -6L8LP;_ sf6] /
/fh:jdf a'emfpg] u/]sf] a/fnsf]
egfO 5 . a/fnn] eg] h:tf]
sd{ r f/Lsf] tna !% k| l tzt
/fh:jdf hfg] s'/f eg] To;;Fu cfa4
Joj;foLx¿ :jLsf/ ub}g{ g\ . g]kfnsf]
ko{6g If]qnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ 6'/,
6«]lsª ufO8nufot ko{6g If]q;Fu
cfa4 dhb' / ePsf] / pgLx¿
;/sf/n] Nofpg] h'g;'s} lgoddf
;xefuL x'g tof/ /x]sf] cWoIf a/fnn]
atfpF5g\ . t/ ;/sf/n] g} s'g} klg
sfo{qmd;lxtsf] s/ ;xefuL sfo{qmd
-afF s L & k] h df_
cf]Prl;Prcf/sf] Dofb yk ug{
dfgjclwsf/sdL{sf] clkn
sf7df8f} F . ;/sf/n]
cf]Prl;Prcf/sf] Dofb yk ug{
rf;f] gb]vfPkl5 Dofb yksf] nflu
dfgjflwsf/sdL{x¿n] ;+o'Qm¿kdf
clkn u/] s f 5g\ . ljleGg
dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿n] ut z'qmaf/
hf/L u/] s f] k| ] ; lj1lKtsf] k" 0 f{
ljj/0f o;k|sf/ 5– æg]kfndf kfFr
jif{ c l3 :yfkgf ePsf] ;+ o ' S t
/fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL
pRrfo' S tsf] sfof{ n o
cf] P rl;Prcf/sf] kl5Nnf]
sfo{sfn oxL h]7 @^ ut] ;lsFb}5 .
dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo
lgsfosf] g]kfnl:yt sfof{nosf]
cjwL yKg] jf gyKg] eGg]af/]df
g]kfn ;/sf/ clGtd cj:yf;Dd
klg s'g} 6'+uf]df k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfndf ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfsf]
cGTo geO;s]sf] zflGt k|lqmofn]
k"0f{tf kfOg;s]sf] åGåsf cjz]ifx¿
-afF s L & k] h df_

/fli6«o ;xdlt / Odfgbfl/tf d[To'sf] k~hfaf6 k'mlTsPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef

@)^& h]7 !$ ut] tLg bn P=
g]skf dfcf]jfbL, g]sfF / Pdfn]åf/f
P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] hgfb]z,
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#,
nf] s tGq, lbuf] z flGt tyf lj:t[ t
zflGt;Demf}tfsf] efjgfljk/Lt gofF
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof k"/f ug{
;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{jlw 5 dlxgf dfq
yKg'kg]{df g]tfx¿n] cfdhgtfnfO{
e'mSofO{ g]tfx¿ cfk"m dfq ljhoL
ePsf] ;+s]t hgtfdfem k'¥ofPsf]df
cfdgful/s / ;r]t gful/sx¿ ;f]
lqmofsnfk / e" m 7f] ;dembf/L,
;xdltk|lt g]sfF / Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿sf]
af] n L / sfo{ x ¿ ljk/Lt w| ' j tkm{
uPsf] d f To:tf lsl;dsf]
lqmofsnfktkm{ gnfUg cfdhgtf tLg}
bnsf g] t fx¿df cfu| x ub{ 5 g\ .
b] z nfO{ åGåtkm{ gws] N g cfu| x
ub{5g\ . ;xdlt ug]{ / ;xdlt u/]sf]
ef]lnkN6b]lv ;a}n] cf–cfk\mgf] 8Dk'm
cfk\ m g} lsl;dn] gahfpg åGådf
kLl8t cfdgful/sx¿sf] cfu|x 5 .
;a} ;t{sf] /fhgLlt x'g yfn] xfd|f]
d' n ' s df oL ;t{ x ¿ s;sf nflu
:jtGq ljrf/
w|j' nfn >]i7
x'g\ < cfk\mg} b'gf] ;f]‰ofpg xf] ls
b]z ljsf; / lgsf;sf nflu xf] <
g]tfx¿sf] nf]nL / af]nLsf] 7]ufg} x'g
5f8] . g]kfnnfO{ pxfFx¿n] ;df]lnof
/ gfd]laof agfpg yfn]sf x'g\ ls Sof
xf] < cfk\mgf ;xdltnfO{ P]ltxfl;s
agfpg vf]hsf x'g\ ls, åGåfTds
P] l txfl;s agfpg vf] h ] s f x' g \ .
sf];Fu ;f]Wg] < Pp6f cleg]tf / g]tf
eP kf] ;f]Wg] < oxfF g]tf / cleg]tf
cg]s 5g\ . s;n] s:tf] PlS6ª ug]{
eGg] g} 5}g, lkmNddf Pp6f 8fO/]S6/n]
/f]n lbPcg';f/sf] lkmNd aG5 eg] of]
b]zdf ;a} 8fO/]S6/ 5g\ / PS6/ klg
;a} 5g\ . s;n] s;nfO{ c+ s ' z
nufpg] xf] pgLx¿nfO{ g} yfxf 5}g .
xfd|f] d'n'ssf] 8fO/]S6/ eg]sf ef/t,
cd] l /sfnufot cGo 5g\ . oL
8fO/]S6/x¿n] h:tf] /f]n v]nfpF5g\,
-afF s L & k] h df_
h]7 !$ sf clGtd 38L cyf{t\
;+ l jwfg;efsf] hLjg / d/0fsf]
bf] ; fF w sf] ;+ 3 f/df ;fob w] / } s f
efjgfx¿ ldn] . bnut ;Ldfx¿
gf3] / ;ef;b\ x ¿ cfk\ m g} kf6L{ s f
g]tfx¿lj?4 ljb|f]xdf plqP . g]skf
-Pdfn]_ leqsf ^$ hgf ;ef;b\n]
x:tfIf/ g} ;+sng u/] cfk\mg} kf6L{sf
If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt
k| w fgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdfsf nflu
sfFu|];leq klg leqleq} xNnLvNnL
dlRrof] . ;xdlt gu/] kf6L{ kl/Tofu
ug] { r] t fjgLx¿n] jftfj/0fnfO{
sf]nxnk"0f{ agfOlbof] . dw];jfbL
bnx¿leq emg} a9L /8fsf] x ¿
dlRrP . nfvf}F hgtfx¿sf] bafa,
cGt/f{li6«o hut\sf] bafa / cfk\mg}
kf6L{ l eqsf ;xdltsf kIfw/
;ef;b\ x ¿sf] c3f] l ift ljb| f ] x ,
?jfaf;L, ufnLunf} h / cf/f] k –
k|Tof/f]kaLrdf if8\oGqx¿ sdhf]/
ag] . ;+ l jwfg;ef xnleqsf]
jftfj/0f Hofb} :tAw aGof] . aflx/
;f]r]h:tf] ;fdfGo jftfj/0f ag]g .
jftfj/0f Hofb} c;dfGo ag] k l5
g]tfx¿ cGTodf ;xdltsf] 8«fk\m6df
;xL ug{ afWo ag] . b]zdf ;+s6sfn
nufP/ tfgfzfx aGg] ;kgf af]s]sf
dfwjs' d f/ g] k fnsf] r' / Lk' m /L
Oltxf;s} nflu ;dLIff ug{ /
;Demgnfos 5 . /fi6« k lt /
k| w fgdGqLsf uf] K o e] 6 3f6,
dlGqkl/ifb\sf cfktsfnLg a}7ssf
tof/Lx¿, ;+s6sfn nufpg] 8«fk\m6sf
tof/L / ;~rf/ dfWodsf cft+s g}
dRrfpg] ;dfrf/x¿n] ahf/df
;g;gL dfq dRrfO/x\of] . hgtfx¿
dWo/ft;Dd hfu|fd a;] / ;xdltsf
nflu cf–cfk\mgf rf;f] / k|ltlqmofx¿
JoQm ul//x] . Ps vfnsf] ;Ggf6fsf]
aLraf6 ;+ l jwfg;efsf] /f] : 6ddf
dlxnf ;ef;b\ x ¿sf] va/bf/Ln]
w]/}nfO{ efjljx\jn g} agfPsf] lyof] .
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrj jfg\ ls
d'gn] t g]tfx¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf klxnf
k|fyldstfdf /fli6«o :jfy{df /fVg /
To;sf nflu ;xdltdf h'6\g u/]sf]
cg'/f]wn] klg kl/l:yltsf] eofjxnfO{
;+s]t ub{Yof] . a]nfotsf dGqLn] g}
g] k fnsf] zflGtk| l qmofdf ef/tn]
-afF s L & k] h df_
ˆ2
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
jif{ #, c+s $), h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/ @)^&
;DkfbsLo
;/sf/ afws gag
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] tLg
a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf] sl/a Ps ;ftf laTof] t/ ;xdlt
sfof{ G jogsf] s' g } ;+ s ] t b] v fk/] s f] 5} g .
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ arfpg bnx¿n] clGtd If0fdf
b]vfPsf] ;'ema'emn] g]kfnL hgtfdf zflGt /
;+ljwfgk|lt 6';fPsf] cfzf k'gM lg/fzfdf ab\lng]
l:yltdf k' u ] s f] 5 . ljut Ps jif{ b ] l v
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofP/ k'/ftgjfbL ;f]r / ;+:s[lt
af]ss ] f tyf hglt/:s[tx¿sf] af]njfnf ePsf]
;/sf/s} sf/0f ;dodf g} ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]sf]
k|:6 eO;s]sf] 5 . b]zdf nf]stGq :yfkgf
eO;s]kl5 klg gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf] nflu
nl8/xg'kg]{ l:ylt cfpg' sDtL nfhdbf]{ / xf:of:kb
xf]Og, t/ ;/sf/df a;]/ ;Qfsf] dft / eQfsf]
:jfbdf /dfPsf bnx¿nfO{ o;sf] s'g} lrGtf /
rf;f] b]lvFb}g . ljZjsf] Oltxf;d} gePsf] /
nf] s tGqsf] lvNnL p8fpF b } b] z L÷ljb] z L
k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmsf] cf8 / e/f];fdf ag]sf] /
c8]sf] of] ;/sf/ nf]stGqnfO{ arfpg]eGbf klg
ab\gfd u/fpg], eTsfpg] / ljgfz ug]{ lbzfdf b[9
eP/ cl3 a9]sf] p;sf] ljut / jt{dfgsf]
sfo{zn } Ln] k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yk ug]{ / To;sf] nflu
k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf ug]{ egL h]7 !$ df ul/Psf]
;xdltsf] pNn+3g ug'{ eg]sf] b]znfO{ k'gM åGåtkm{
ws]Ng' xf] . ljut Ps jif{bl] v zflGt, ;+ljwfg /
gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf nflu ;xdlt / ;xsfo{df hf]8
lbFb} cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfPsf] PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{
k6s–k6s e'mSofP/ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL bn dfq
xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e'mSofpg] / wf]sf lbg]
sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/;Fu k6s–k6s
u/]sf] ;xdlt ‘=== nfO{ df;' k}r F f] lbg'’ ;fljt ePsf]
5 . t/, klg dfcf]jfbL cfzfjfbL eP/ zflGt,
;+ljwfg / cu|udgk|lt b[9 5 . PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf] of] b[9tfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug'e{ g]sf] g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{ xf], b]znfO{ u2f/ ug'{ xf] . b]z
/ hgtfnfO{ u2f/ ug]x{ ¿ slxNo} klg pDsg kfpg]
5}gg\, Tof] Oltxf;n] g} atfpF5 . t;y{, b]z /
hgtfdfly 3ft gu/, u2f/ gag, zflGt, ;+ljwfg /
cu|udgsf nflu ;/sf/ afws gag . g]kfnL
hgtfsf] rfxgf / ;dosf] dfu klg oxL 5 .
lsg ;dod} lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g ;+ljwfg
Gtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfj ;DkGg ug{ / b'O{ jif{df gofF
;+ l jwfg 3f] i f0ff ug{ bnx¿nfO{
DofG8]6 lbPsf] lyof] . t/, s:tf]
lj8Djgf b'O{ jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ;+ljwfg
3f] i f0ff x' g ] t stf xf] stf pN6}
bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h' 6 \ g g;s] /
b]zdf yk cGof}n / ca s] x'G5 eGg]
lrGtf al9/x]sf] 5 . ca Pp6f dfq
ljsNksf] ¿kdf plePsf] 5
;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg] ljifo . o;
ljifodf ;a} bnx¿aLr ulx/f]
5nkmn rn]sf] ePklg kl/jt{gnfO{
/f]s]/ a;]sf ;Qfl;g bnx¿sf]
cj/f] w sf sf/0f lgisif{ lg:sg
;s]g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;'lglZrttf
ug]{ s'/fdf sd} dflg;sf] lbdfun] 3/
u/]sf] 5 . lsgls ;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf]
clGtd lgsf; x}g of] t Pp6f r/0f
dfq} xf] . of] ;efaf6 ;a} s'/fsf]
km} ; nf x' g ;Sb} g lsgeg] of] t
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;+qmd0fsflng
dWoljGb'sf] ¿kdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] .
olta]nf xfdL ;a}n] b]lv/x]sf 5f}F,
;+ l jwfg ;' l glZrt ug] { / lgdf{ 0 f
ug]{eGbf klg x/]s bnn] Pscsf{nfO{
cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k ub}{ cfkm" kfgLdflysf]
cf]efgf] aGg vf]lh/x]sf] s'/f . lsg
o:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 t, o; ljifodf
clnslt ljrf/ ubf{ o:tf] nfU5 ls
g]kfndf 7"nf d'Vo bnx¿aLrdf
lgs} n8fO{ rln/x]sf] 5 . o;f] x'g'
:jfefljs xf] h:tf] nfU5 . lsgeg]
;}4flGts ¿kn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj
;DkGg eof] t/ clxn] Jofjxfl/s
¿kd} sfof{ G jog ug{ eg] hl6n
alg/x] s f] 5 . lsgls ;} 4 flGts
¿kdf ;xdlt ubf{g} leqL cfzo
km/s–km/s lyP of] /x/n] ePsf] klg
lyPg . ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;dodf ;a}
bnx¿nfO{ afWotf ePs} lyof] lsg
eg] 1fg]Gb|n] ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿nfO{
clGtd cj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf lyP /
cfkm\gf] cl:tTj arfpgnfO{ 1fg]Gb|sf]
z/0fdf nDk;f/ kbf{ ; d] t s' g }
6] / k' R 5/ gnufPkl5 afWo eP/
clGtddf eLif0f n8fO{ nl8/x]sf] zlQm
dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;xf/fsf]
ljsNk /x]g . To:t} dfcf]jfbLn] klg
cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] g]kfnL zf;s /
zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ef}lts¿kdf k/flht
ub}{ hgtfsf] xftdf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf lng
g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf n8fO{sf] df]rf{
km]/]/ ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/
1fg]Gb|nfO{ k/flht ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn]
g} g]kfnL sfFu|]; h:tf blIf0fkGyL /
3fOt] kqsf/sf] dfld{s j]bgf
s] z j/fh hf] z L
s~rgk' / . cfjfh k|i6 gx'Fbf
sltkon] h8\ofxf eg]]– kmf]gaf6 s'/f
ubf{ kmf]g} g;'gL /flvlbGy], d]/faf/]df
s;}n] n]lvlbPg . of] Ps ckfª
kqsf/ 3tnfUbf] dfdL{s j]bgf xf] .
@)^% c;f]h dlxgfdf b'3{6gfdf kl/
3fOt] ePsf kqsf/ ejfgL P] /
lxhf]cfh ckfªtfsf] hLjg ljtfpg
ljjz ePsf 5g\ . klZrd ;]tL
kl/of]hgfsf] l/kf]l6Ësf] nflu 8f]6L
lyP 8f]6L af6 88]Nw'/f kms{g] qmddf
8f]6Ls} uf]jL3f6df pgn] xfs]sf] df]6/
jfOs PSsf;L ;]!h #)@ gDa/sf]
lhk ;Fu h'Wg hfbf pgL g/fd|/L 3fOt]
ePsf lyP . To;k5L ;'? eP kqsf/
P]/sf sfxfnLnfUbf lbgx¿ . ld/ld/]
3fd lyof] 8fF8fFdfyL . ;w}h;f] c?sf
;dfrf/ n]Vg] kqsf/ Tof] lbg cfkm}
;dfrf/ ag] . l/kf]l6ª ub}{ lyP,
hgtfsf b' M vnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t}
clwsf/jfnf;Fu k'¥oflbg kl5 gx6\g]
hft eGg' k5{ kqsf/nfO{ . To;}u/L
nfluk/]sf lyP, h;/L kqsf/n] wd{
lgefpg'kYof]{ . glhs} 8fF8fdf ;"o{
c:tfPkl5sf] 3fddf pgL cr] t
cj:yfdfg} /x] . 3/df 5f]/L afaf
kmls{+bf ;w}F afafsf] sfvdf /dfpg]
;ftfsf] ax;
bLk]Gb| 3tL{ ‘k|efs/’
Pdfn] h:tf ;+zf]bgjfbL kf6L{;Fu
;Demf}tf x'g] kl/l:ylt aGof] / ;Demf}tf
klg eof] . of] s;}sf] rfxgfn] dfq}
ePsf] lyPg t/ ;Demf}tfsf] ljsNk
klg t lyPg . t/, ;Demf}tfsf] leqL
cf;o eg] ;a}sf] ljljw g} lyof] .
x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cl:tTj /Iffsf] nflu g}
of] ;Dej aGof] . of] s]jn ;}4flGts
¿kdf ePsf] lyof] . of] ;Demf}tfn]
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;DkGg;d]t
u¥of] . To;kl5 eg] ck]Iffs[t ¿kn]
cufl8 a9\g ;s]g lsgls ca t
To;nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kd} 7f] ; ,
d" l t{ s [ t / nfu" ub} { hfg] ;do
eO;Sof] . ca Jofjxfl/s ¿kn]
sfof{Gjog ug{ eg] cfsfzktfnsf]]
leGgtf b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ olb yf]/}
klg /fhg}lts sf]0fn] x]g]{ xf] eg]
:jfefljs xf] h:tf] nfU5 .
;fd| f HojfbL / ;fDojfbL
/fhg}lts l;4fGt cjnDjg ug]x{ ¿sf]
aLrdf ;xh ¿kdf ;xdlt eP/
cufl8 a9\g] s'/f t x'g ;Sb}g\ . lxhf]
;Demf}tfsf] ¿k Pp6f / ;f/ ljljw
ePsf] s'/fsf] k'li6 eO/x]sf] 5 . o;}sf]
kl/0ffd xf] bnx¿sf] clxn]sf] of]
n8fO{ . sfFu]|;, Pdfn]n] ;Demf}tfsf]
vf]nleqaf6 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ l;Wofpg]
v]n v]ln/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f 3fdh:t}
5n{ Í 5 . To:t} dfcf] j fbLn]
;Demf}tfsf] ;xf/fdf sFf+ u]; | , Pdfn]h:tf
oyfl:yltjfbLnfO{ cfkm\gf] Ph]08fdf
lnP/ cufl8 tfGg] sf]lz; ul//x]sf]
oyf{ttf xf] . o;df s;}n] s;}nfO{
;lhn} dfg]/ hfg] cj:yf b]lvb}g .
olb Pdfn], sfFu|];n] dfcf]jfbLsf]
Ph]08fnfO{ dfg]/ hfg] xf] eg] cfkm\gf]
cl:tTjg} vtd x'g] / dfcf]jfbL k|efj
x'g] b]vk] l5 of] Ph]08fnfO{ s'g} xfntdf
;xdt x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\al: . a?
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljleGg vfn] dfu /fVb}
av]8f yflk/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] sfFu]|;,
Pdfn] ;xdlt x} g dfcf] j fbLnfO{
pQ]lht u/]/ sxL g sxL uNtL ug{lt/
ws]Ng] k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . h;n]
ubf{ ljZjnfO{ e| d lbP/ cfkm\ g }
xflnd' x fnL ug] { ;kgfdf pgLx¿
8'la/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;xdlt /
;Demf}tfnfO{ lsgf/f nufpFb}5g\ .
dfcf] j fbLn] sfF u ] | ; , Pdfn] s f]
Ph]08fnfO{ dfGg'sf] cy{ x'G5 ls p;n]
d'gfn] Tof] lbg 88]Nw'/f c:ktfndf
e] 6 \ g ' k ¥of] . ef] l nsf] uf] / vfkqdf
k|sflzt ug{ NofPsf] ;dfrf/ x/fof]
. bf];|f] lbgsf] uf]/vfkqdf ;dfrf/ t
k|sflzt eof] t/ klZrd ;]tLsf]
geP/ kqsf/ P]/L b'3{6gfdf k/L 3fOt]
ePsf] .
kqsfl/tf ug]n { ] hlxn] klg df]8df
lxF8\g'k5{ / hf]lug'k5{ t/ pgL t kxf8L
lhNnfdf l/kf]l6{ª uy]{ / cK7\of/f] lyof]
hLjg wfGgsf] nflu . /fHosf] rf}yf]
cË klg eG5g\ kqsfl/tf /
kqsf/nfO{ . Joj;flos kqsfl/tf
ubf{ slt x08/ vfg'k5{ Tof] t lzi6 /
ljlzi6 kqsf/nfO{ yfxf eG5g\ pgL .
uf]/vfsdL{n] ;xof]usf] nflu xft
yfKg'k¥of] . w]/} ;+3;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]
;Dk" 0 f{ ldl8of kqsf/ dfxf;+ 3
;xof]udf h'6] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tLg
nfv ;xof]u lbg] lg0f{o u¥of] .
/fhgLltssdL{n] 8]9 nfv dfq
lbof] . pgL eG5g\ d} n ] kfPsf]
;xof]udf /fhgLlts/0f eof] . @@
nfv vr{ ul/;Sbf pgsf] zf/Ll/s
cj:yf lgsf] x'g'sf] ;§f emg\ a9\b}
uO/x]sf] 5 . 8fS6/n] cem} % nfv
nfUg] atfPsf] pgL atfpF5g\ . xfn
kqsf/ P] / s~rgk' / df /x] s f]
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
ljut !% jif{b]lvsf] pknlAw, Tofu,
tk:of ;a} v/fgL agfP/ pgLx¿sf]
kfpdf cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ . of] s'/f
dfcf]jfbLn] ug{ t sxfF ;f]Rg;d]t
;Sb}g . a? cfkm\gf] alnbfgL ug{
tof/ x' G 5 . o;sf/0f dfcf] j fbL
cfkm\gf] Ph]08fnfO{ 5f]8\g tof/ x'g
;Sb}g clg ;Demf}tfdf Pdfn] sfFu; |] n]
eg]em}+ ;xdlt ug{ ;Sb}g of] ;Dej
klg 5}g . oxfF a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f s] 5
eg] olta]nfsf] n8fO{ vfnL sfuhL
;+ljwfgsf] n]vg / 3f]if0ffsf] ljifo
x}g l;+uf] ju{sf] /Iff / :jfy{sf] ljifo
xf] . g]kfnL sfFu]|;n] ;fdGtjfbL,
oyfl:yltjfbL / 3f]/blIf0fkGyLsf]
k|ltlglwTj u/]/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
dfcf] j fbL k| u ltzLn, cu| u fdL /
;j{xf/fju{sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ ;dfh
ljsf;sf] nflu hLjgd/0fsf] n8fO{
nl8/x]sf] 5 . csf]{ bn 5 h;sf]
ljifodf w]/} rrf{ kl/rrf{ ug{ Tolt
;fGble{s klg 5}g . o;nfO{ xfdL t];f| ]
lnËLsf] ¿kdf b] l vPklg ;f/df
o;n] blIf0fkGyL wf/s} kIfkf]if0f ug]{
ePsfn] cfkm\g} Ph]08f t 5}g g},
g]kfnL sfFu]|;sf] Ph]08fsf] ultnf]
k'hf/L agL 3fF6L hf]8]/ gofF hf]uLn]
w]/} v/fgL 3;]em}+ sfFu]|;eGbf tLg
xftdfly pk|m]/ cfkm\gf] c;nL ¿ksf]
kbf{ vf]ln/x]sf] 5 Pdfn]n] .
olta]nf b]zdf hltklg ;+3if{df
;xefuL /xg] bnx¿ 5g\, ;f/df tL b'O{
lsQfdf ljeflht ePsf 5g\ . n8fO{
d'Vo ¿kdf b'O{ lsQfs} xf] k|ultzLn /
oyfl:yltaLrsf] . k|ult, cu|ultsf]
nflu PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf]
5 . h;n] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 hgtfsf]
eljionfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ u/L hg;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fsf] nflu qmflGtsf/L wf/sf]
k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf] 5 . h;nfO{
hgtfn] ljZjf;sf ;fy ;+ljwfg;efsf]
;aeGbf 7"nf] bnsf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]/
hg;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f ug] { cljef/f
;' l DkPsf 5g\ . csf] { lsQf hf]
;+ l jwfg;efaf6 b] z / hgtfnfO{
cu|lbzflt/ n}hfg'sf] ;f6f] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgnfO{ unt kl/efiff / ts{af6
;+ l jwfg;efnfO{ eb| u f] n agfO{
oyfl:yltd} /fVg] dfq} x}g @)$& ;fnsf]
km]n eO;s]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} AoFt" fP/
k|ltufdL¿kn] hah{:t ¿kdf hgtfnfO{
PgPgP;8ANo"Psf] lkmlhof]y]/fkL
sIffdf pgnfO{ ToxL rf]6sf] sf/0f
Kof/fnfOl;; ePsf] xf] . 6fpsf]df
uDeL/ rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 . 6fpsf]sf] !)
gDa/ g;f blaPsf] 5 . bfFoflt/
rf]6 eP/ kf] afFof efu grNg] ePsf]
5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf kqsf/ ;xof]usf]
cfzdf ;/sf/n] slQ klg ;xof]u
gu/] s f] h:tf] . ltg} kqsf/ x' g \
ufpF a ] ; Ldf vj/ a' ‰ g hfg] . pg}
kqsf/ c:ktfnsf] a] 8 df
klN6/x]5g\ . cfkm\gf] k];faf6 r6Ss}
xft sfl6of] . cfkm\gf] snd yrSs
/f]Sof] . efjgfn] a;fO{ Tolt nfdf] t
ePg, 5f] 6 f] a;fO{ d f eSsfgf]
5f8\g;Dd 5f8\of] . pgn] eg]sf] s'/f
3tnfUbf lyP . pgL eG5g\ hLjg
wfGg slQ ufx|f] k5{ d}n] w]/} eGg' 5}g,
Kn]Ajfo klqsf ca gf+uf] cf“vfn] k9\g g;lsg]
jfl;ª\ 6 g . ljZj rlr{ t
dgf] / ~hgfTds nf] s lk| o klqsf
Kn]Ajfo cab]lv gf+uf] cfFvfn] k9\g
g;lsg] ePsf] 5 . cfufdL h' g
c+sb]lv pSt klqsf ly|–8L k|ljlwdf
k| s flzt x' g ] 5 . o;/L k| s flzt
c+sx¿ k9\gsf nflu kf7sn] ly|–8L
rZdf nufpg' kg]{ 5 . h'g c+sb]lv
yf]k/]/ cfkm\gf] n'6sf] :ju{ arfpg] v]ndf
;fdGtjfbL tTjx¿ v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .
h;sf] k|ltlglwTj g]kfnL sfFu|]; /
kmfl;i6 tTjx¿n] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;+ljwfg;ef 3f]if0ffsf] ldlt ;lsb}
ul//x]sf] ;dodf g]kfnL sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]
hf] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j;d]t ul//x]sf] 5g\
ltgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] af/]df eGbf
k|ltkIfnfO{ s;/L ;dfKt ug]{ eGg]
lrGtfn] ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] cfb]zcg';f/
cfkm\gf] ultljlw ug]{ dfq x}g ;+ljwfgnfO{
cfkm\gf] cg's"ntfdf lngnfO{ x/]s
k| s f/sf] s;/t ul//x] s f 5g\ .
k|ltkIfsf] cfjfhsf] s'g} ;'gj' fO{ ul/Psf]
5}g . a? ;+ljwfgnfO{ a]jfl/;] agfP/
cfkm\gf] kmfl;i6 Psflwsf/ sfod ug{nfO{
lx+;fTds tof/L ul//x]sf k|df0fx¿
;txdf cfpg] ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] gf}nf]
ljifo klg x} g Oltxf;df o:tf
kmfl;i6x¿n] cfkm\gf] n'6 arfpg]
k|of;df ck/flws, qm'/ / ljeT; lx+;f
u/]sf] kfpg] ub{5f}+ eg] g]kfnL zf;s
o;af6 ckjfb /xg ;Sg] s'/f klg
ePg . g]kfnL zf;ssf] clxn]sf]
ultljlwn] o;sf] k|dfl0ft ul//x]sf] 5 .
olta]nf PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf]
sfFwdf dxTjk"0f{ lhDdf cfOk'us ] f] 5 .
clxn] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+qmd0fsflng
ePsf]n] o;nfO{ s:tf] agfpg] eGg]
s'/f h;sf] kxn eof] p;}sf]] kIfdf
x'g] ePsfn] cu|ufdL / k|ltufdLsf]
aLrdf lgs} l5gf emk6L x'g] ub{5No: .
k|ltufdLn] cfkm\gf] kIfdf lngnfO{
Gjf/gb]lvsf] an k|of]u ub{5 . l7s
To;/Lg} qmflGtsf/Ln] klg hgtfsf]
kIfdf lngnfO{ x/bd k|of; ug{'{ kb{5 .
clxn] dfcf]jfbLn] hg ;+ljwfgsf]
kIfdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]t]/
uf]naGb ub}{ k|ltufdL / oyfl:ylt¿kd}
rfxg]x¿sf] lj?4 eLif0f ;+3if{af6
k|ultlzn hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf]
nflu PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] kxn ug{'
kb{5 . of] lhDdf oxL kf6L{nfO{ dfq} 5
/ o;n] dfq of] cleef/f k"/f ug{
;S5 . To;}n] cfd hgtfnfO{ uf]naGb
u/]/ Jofks hgbafjaf6 ;+ljwfg
lgdf{ 0 f ;' l glZrt ug} { kb{ 5 . of]
hgtfsf] hgfb]znfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu
PsLspt dfcf] j fbLn] h:tf] ; ' s }
alnbfg ug{ klg r' S g x' F b } g .
dfcf]jfbLsf] cufl8 of] eGbf csf]{
ljsNk klg 5}g . o;sf] nflu k5fl8
x6]/ x}g lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/xg'kb{5 .
lht hgtfsf] kIfdf ;'lglZrt 5 .
clg jf:tljs hg;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff
eP/ 5f8\g] 5 .
7"nf kqsf/ klg b]v]sf] 5', dflns
kqsf/;Fu klg a;]sf] 5' . lbgel/
>d P]gsf] s''/f ug]{ /flt >d ldRg] .
sltko kqsf/ cfkm\g} cfFvf cufl8
cfpFbf dfgj wd{df afFlwGy] eGb}
lyP . pgsf] cj:yfaf/] s;} n ]
snd grnfPsf] u'gf;f] u/] . pgL
cfk" m ;F u cfPsfx¿nfO{ eG5g\
slxn]sfxLF e]6\g t cfpg' x} . dt
slxn] ; Dd of] a] 8 df a:g' k5{ .
;'b"/klZrdsf kqsf/ hfu?s 5g\,
ldlxg]tL 5g\ . kqsf/ ejfgL P]/
;xof]us} cfzfdf 5g\ . pgn] cfk"m
/fd|f] eP kqsfl/tfdf kms{g] atfP
klg pgsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf
lbgfg' l bg lau| F b } uPsf] 5 . pgL
qmdlGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 88]Nw'/fsf
;+of]hs ;d]t x'g\ .
klqsfdf yk /f]rs ;fdu|Lx¿;d]t
/fvL k|sfzg ul/g] atfOPsf] pSt
klqsf ljZjs} cgf} F 7 f] dflgg] /
kf7sx¿ ylkg] ljZjf;;d]t ul/Psf]
5 . o; gofF k|ljlwn] xfl;n ug]{
nf]slk|otfnfO{ x]/L c? c+sx¿ klg
ly|–8L k|ljlwaf6 k|sfzg ug]{ jf gug]{
6'+uf] nflu;s]sf] 5}g . PPkmkL
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) k| w fgdGqLn]
fgdGqLn ] cljnDa
/fhLgfdf lbg] eg] / ut !$
ut] tLg bnaLr ePsf ]
;xdlt cem} sfof{Gjog ePg
lg <
tLg bnaLr ePsf] ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df k| w fgdGqLn] tTsfn
/fhLgfdf lbg'kYof]{ t/ Tof] x'g ;s]g .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] o:tf]
sfo{nfO{ ljZjf;3ft eg]sf 5f}F . of]
xfdLdflysf] ljZjf;3ft xf] .
) ca tkfO{ + x ¿ s;/L cufl8
a9\g'x'G5 t <
clxn] s f] ;du| kl/l:yltsf]
cfFsng ug{ / ca s;/L cufl8 a9\g]
eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lng l5§} xfd|f]
:yfoL ;ldlt a}7s a:5 . xfdL 7f];
of]hgf agfP/ cufl8 a9\5f}F .
) tkfO{+x¿nfO{ sfFu|]; / Pdfn]n]
ljut Ps jif{ b ] l v ljleGg
;xdltsf a' F b fdf e' m SofpF b }
cfPsf lyP . clxn] klg
e'mSofPsf 5g\, ca tkfO{+x¿
sfFu|;
] , Pdfn]n] xfdLdfly ljZjf;3ft u/]/
e'mSofPsf 5g\ . xfd|f] ;+3if{ hf/L g} 5 .
casf] cfGbf]ng s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ clxNo}
eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . xfdL hgtfsf]
dfemdf hfG5f}+ / hgtfn] h:tf] u/ eG5g\,
ToxLcg';f/ cufl8 a9\5f}F .
pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{
;j{;QfjfbL eGb} cfPsf 5g\, ;fFRrLs}
;j{;QfjfbL sf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f clxn];Ddsf
kl/36gfn] 5n{ kf/]sf] 5 .
of] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:tf/jfbL zf;sju{sf]
cfzLjf{b /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ToxL
cfzLjf{b eP k'U5, hgtfsf] dtna 5}g .
ljZjsf cGo ;d'bfo;Fu klg pgLx¿nfO{
dtna 5}g .
x/]s lhpFbf] kf6L{leq cGt/lj/f]w t x'G5 g}
cGt/lj/f]wlagf kf6L{ rNg ;Sb}g . c?n] aflx/ k|rf/
u/]h:tf] xd|f] kf6L{leq cGt/lj/f]w 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{
ab\gfd ug{sf] nflu o:tf k|rf/afhL ePsf 5g\ .
km]l/ cfGbf]ngdf hfg'x'G5 <
sfF u | ] ; , Pdfn] n ] xfdLdfly
ljZjf;3ft u/]/ e'mSofPsf 5g\ . xfd|f]
;+3if{ hf/L g} 5 . casf] cfGbf]ng
s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ clxNo} eGg ;Sg]
cj:yf 5}g . xfdL hgtfsf] dfemdf
hfG5f}F / hgtfn] h:tf] u/ eG5g\,
ToxLcg';f/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . cfGbf]ng
cufl8 a9fpFb} hfFbf lg0ff{os x'g klg
;S5, gx' g klg ;S5 . clxNo}
cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os x'G5 eGg ;lsg]
cj:yf 5}g .
) k| w fgdGqLn] kfF r lbgdf
/fhLgfdf ug]{ cGo b'O{ a'Fbf
;xdlt sfof{ G jog ePkl5
dfq xf] eGg] sfF u | ] ; /
Pdfn] s f] ts{ 5 lg, s] of]
kfFr lbgsf] cjlw :ki6¿kdf
tf] l sPsf] lyPg <
sfF u | ] ; / Pdfn] n ] ;xdltsf]
ckJofVof u/]sf 5g\ . !$ ut] ePsf]
;Demf} t fsf] d" n l:kl/6 ;xdtLo
k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] xf] .
;xdltnfO{ lgn{Hhtfk"j{s
tf]8\g] sfd ePsf] 5
pgLx¿ ;xdtLoeGbf ax'dtLo k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g] w[i6tf ub}5{ g\ .
of] ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;/sf/ xf]Og, k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf]
;/sf/ xf] eGg] of] alnof] k|df0f klg xf]
xfdLn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] agfpg rfx]sf] ;+ljwfg
hgtfdfem ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf 5f}F
sf“u;
]| / Pdfn]n] ;xdltsf] ckJofVof u/]sf 5g\
sfFu|];, Pdfn]sf ;fyLx¿n] tLg a'Fb]
;xdltnfO{ uDeL/¿kdf lng'ePsf]
5} g . ;xdltnfO{ lgn{ H htfk" j { s
tf]8\g] sfd ePsf] 5 . o;n] s] k'li6
u5{ eg] sfFu|];, Pdfn] ;xdltsf]
kIfdf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ ;xdtLoeGbf
ax'dtLo k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g]
w[i6tf ub}{5g\ .
) ;/sf/n] k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf]
:jLs[ l tlag} ;+ ; b\ s f] lxpF b ]
clwj] z g ;dfkg u/] s f] 5,
o;n] ;/sf/ PsftkmL{ ¿ kdf
cufl8 a9]sf] k|:6 ePg / <
;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿n] eGb}
cfPsf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿n]
g} 6f6 kN6fPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿s}
egfOdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ljkIfL
bnsf] dtsf] sb/ ul/G5 . p;sf]
e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL ;a} egfO{
vf]qmf] /x]5 eGg] k'li6 clxn] ePsf]
5 . o;n] s] ;d]t k'li6 u/]sf] 5 eg]
;+;b\jfbL Joj:yf eg]sf] ;j{;QfjfbL
xf] . pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;j{;QfjfbL eGb}
cfPsf 5g\, ;fFRrLs} ;j{;QfjfbL sf]
/x] 5 eGg] s' / f clxn] ; Ddsf
kl/36gfn] 5n{ª kf/]sf] 5 .
) tLg bnaLr ut !$ ut]
ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltcg';f/
tkfO{ + x ¿n] ;] g f ;dfof] h g,
3/hUuf / jfOl;Pnsf]
ljifodf :ki6 vfsf gNoP/
sfof{ G jog k| l qmof cufl8
a9\g g;s]sf] eGg] ;/sf/sf]
cf/f]k 5 lg <
of] lans'n unt s'/f xf] . d'Vo
s'/f eg]sf] kfFr lbgleq /fhLgfdf
cfpg] xf] . t/, Tof] sfFu|];, Pdfn]n]
sfof{ G jog u/] g g\ . k| w fgdGqLsf]
/fhLgfdfkl5 dfq cGo a'bF f sfof{Gjog
x'g] ;xdlt bnx¿aLr ePsf] xf] .
) ca k| w fgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf
gcfP;Dd jftf { k| l qmof
cufl8 a9\5 ls a9\b}g <
jftf{sf] k|lqmof /f]lsFb}g . jft}{
gug]{ eGg] s'/f t x'Fb}g . clxn];Ddsf]
cj:yf x]bf{ xfdLnfO{eGbf ;/sf/df
;xefuL bnx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf]
5 . xfdL ;/sf/sf] nflu dl/xQ]
ub}{gf}F . xfdL ;/n tl/sfn] cufl8
a9\5f}F . To;sf] nflu xfd|f] af6f] k|:6
5 . dfcf] j fbLsf] g] t [ T jdf /fli6« o
;+o'Qm ;/sf/ eGg] sfo{gLlt xfd|f]
5F b } 5 . dfcf] j fbLnfO{ cnUofP/
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof s;/L
cufl8 a9\5, xfdL x]5f}{+ . casf] ah]6
s;/L kfl/t x'Fbf]/x]5, Tof] klg xfdL
x]5f}{+ . dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ;xdltlagf
s'g} klg k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g .
sfFu|];, Pdfn] clxn] uDeL/ ;+s6df
k/]sf 5g\ .
ˆ3
df]xg j}B ‘ls/0f’, jl/i7 pkfWoIf– PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
) jt{ d fg ;/sf/n ] ) eg] k l5 ;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|lt k|lta4
hgcfGbf] n gsf bf] i fLx¿nfO{ ug] { a f/] klg tkfO{ + x ¿sf] ePsf] s' / f ljutsf] xfd| f ]
u0ftGq lbj; kf/] / ;Ddfg kf6L{ l eq ljjfb 5} g < lqmofsnfkn] k| : 6 kf/] s f] 5 .
u/ ] s f] 5, o; ljifodf xfd|f] kf6L{n] g]t[Tjsf] af/]df lg0f{o hgtfsf] ofjt\ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg
tkfO{ + x ¿sf] egfO s] /x] s f] ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f o; ljifodf ug]{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|of; u5f}{+ /
5 < s'g} ljjfb kf6L{leq 5}g . o;df xfdL ;bf k|lta4 /xG5f}F .
o; 36gfn] of] ;/sf/ ) tkfO{ + x ¿ zflGt / ;+ l jwfg ) cGTodf cfdhg;d' b fonfO{
k|ltudgsf/Lx¿sf] ;/sf/ xf] eGg] k|:6 lgdf{ 0 fk| l t k| l ta4 x' g ' x ' G 5 s] eGg rfxg' x ' G 5 <
ePsf] 5 . of] ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;/sf/ eGg] cfwf/x¿ s] – s] 5g\ , hgtfsf] xslxtsf] nflu P=
xf]Og, k|ltudgsf/Lx¿sf] ;/sf/ xf] hgtfnfO{ k|:6 kfl/lbg';\ g < g]skf dfcf]jfbL b[9 eP/ cufl8
eGg] of] alnof] k|df0f klg xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] agfpg rfx]sf] al9/x] s f] 5 . dfcf] j fbL
) jt{ d fg ;/sf/sf] sfo{ z } n L ;+ l jwfg hgtfdfem ;fj{ h lgs k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿, k|ltudgsf/Lx¿ /
x]bf{ ylkPsf] Ps jif{df klg ul/;s]sf 5f}F of] g} xfd|f] clGtd xf]Og . oyfl:yltjfbLx¿sf ;fd' sbflk
;+ljwfg aGg] 5fF6sfF6 b]lvFb}g o;dfly xfdL Jofks 5nkmn u/]/ e'mSb}g . To; sf/0f s;}sf] e|ddf
lg < cufl8 a9\5f}F . 5nkmn / ax;sf] gk/L ;bfsf] em}F dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u
oxL k|lqmof /lx/xg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg aLraf6 xfdL lgisif{df k'U5f}F . xfdL ug{ d clkn ub{5' .
aGg ;Sb}g . of] ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgsf]
nflu xf]Og, s';L{sf] nflu dfq xf] . tLg bnaLr ePsf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqLn]
oxL ;/sf/ /lx/xg] xf] eg] tTsfn /fhLgfdf lbg'kYof]{ t/ Tof] x'g ;s]g. xfd|f]
zflGtk|lqmofsf] s'g} klg d'2f cufl8
a9\g ;Sb}g . kf6L{n] sfFu;]| / Pdfn]sf] o:tf] sfo{nfO{ ljZjf;3ft
) rf} t kmL{ ¿ kdf ;xdlt u/] / eg]sf 5f}F . of] xfdLdflysf] ljZjf;3ft xf] .
cufl8 a9 eGb} ;/sf/nfO{
ljleGg s"6gLlts
lgof] u x¿n] bafa lbO/x] s f
5g\ t/ ;/sf/ PSnf] u/L ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿n] eGb} cfPsf] ;+;bLo
cufl8 a9\ g ' s f] sf/0f s]
xf] n f < Joj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿n] g} 6f6 kN6fPsf 5g\ .
of] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:tf/jfbL pgLx¿s} egfOdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ljkIfL bnsf]
zf;sju{sf] cfzLjf{b /x]sf] 5 .
dtsf] sb/ ul/G5 . p;sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL
pgLx¿nfO{ ToxL cfzLjf{b eP k'U5,
hgtfsf] dtna 5}g . ljZjsf cGo ;a} egfO{ vf]qmf] /x]5 eGg] k'li6 clxn] ePsf] 5 .
;d'bfo;Fu klg pgLx¿nfO{ dtna 5}g .
) tkfO{+x¿n] ljut Ps jif{b]lv
ljleGg ¿kdf cfGbf]ng ub}{
cfpg' e of] , ha cfGbf] n g d'Vo s'/f eg]sf] kfFr lbgleq /fhLgfdf
lg0ff{ o s df] 8 df k' U 5, ta
cfpg] xf] . t/, Tof] sfFu;
]| , Pdfn]n]
tkfO{ + x ¿ ;/sf/sf ]
cfZjf;gdf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog u/]gg\ . k|wfgdGqLsf]
ug' { x ' G 5, casf] cfGbf] n g
s;/L cufl8 a9\ 5 < /fhLgfdfkl5 dfq cGo a'bF f sfof{Gjog x'g]
;/sf/sf] cfZjf;geGbf klg xfdL ;xdlt bnx¿aLr ePsf] xf] .
d' V o lhDd] j f/ kf6L{ s f] x} l ;otn]
nrs eP/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ lyof] .
To;sf/0f xfdL nrs x'Fb} cufl8
al9/x] s f 5f} F . ca xfdL xtf/df oL ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgsf] nflu xf]Og, s';L{sf] nflu dfq
lg0f{odf k'Ub}gf}F . ;du| cj:yfsf]
xf] . oxL ;/sf/ /lx/xg] xf] eg] zflGtk|lqmofsf] s'g}
ljZn]if0f u/]/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . ;+3if{sf]
¿knfO{ abNb} xfdL ca cl3 a9\5f}F . klg d'2f cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g .
) dfcf] j fbL kf6L { l eq
cfGbf] n gnfO{ s;/L cufl8
a9fpg] eGg] a f/] ljjfb 5,
To;sf/0f cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cnUofP/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
x'g g;s]sf] xf] elgG5 lg <
of] ;xL s'/f xf]Og . x/]s lhpFbf]
lgdf{0f k|lqmof s;/L cufl8 a9\5, xfdL x]5f}+{ .
kf6L{ l eq cGt/lj/f] w t x' G 5 g} casf] ah]6 s;/L kfl/t x'bF f]/x]5, Tof] klg
cGt/lj/f]wlagf kf6L{ rNg ;Sb}g .
c?n] aflx/ k| r f/ u/] h :tf] xd| f ]
xfdL x]5f}+{ . dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ;xdltlagf s'g}
kf6L{ l eq cGt/lj/f] w 5} g . xfd| f ] klg k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]
kf6L{nfO{ ab\gfd ug{sf] nflu o:tf
k|rf/afhL ePsf 5g\ . clxn] uDeL/ ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ .
ˆ4
hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)^& sf] k|:tfljt PsLs[t d:of}bf
PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
k| : tfjgf
• efu !–k|f/lDes
• efu @–gful/stf
• efu #– df}lns xs / st{Jo
• efu $– /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLlt / bfloTjx¿
• efu %– /fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] af“8kmf“8
• efu ^– sfo{kflnsf
• efu &– Joj:yflksf
• efu *– Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
• efu (– cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
• efu !)– Gofokflnsf
• efu !!– ;+j}wflgs c+ux¿
• efu !@– /fli6«o lxtsf] ;+/If0f / cGt/f{li6«o ;DjGw
• efu !#– /fli6«o ;'/Iff / ;]gf
• efu !$– /fhgLlts bn
• efu !%– ;+s6sfnLg Joj:yf
• efu !^– ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
• efu !&– ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
• efu !*– ljljw
• efu !(– kl/efiff, ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL
Hfgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGq g] k fnsf] ;+ l jwfg, @)^&
k| : tfjgf
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf,
;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6«o Pstf, :jfwLgtf
Pj+ :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb}Ù g]kfnL ;dfhsf] qmflGtsf/L
¿kfGt/0f / cfd"n kl/jt{gsfnflu lg/+sz ' /fhtGqfTds
tyf PsfTds ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn]
nfdf] ;dob]lv ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf uf}/jk"0f{ ;z:q tyf
zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng / d'VotM @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! b]lv
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]tT[ jdf ;~rflnt ;z:q hgo'4sf]
hu tyf dfcf]jfbL–;ftkf6L{ jLr ;DkGg !@ a'bF ] ;dembf/Lsf]
hudf hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{ Wo]osf ;fy
;+rflnt P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{
s]Gb|ljGb'df /fVb}, :jfwLg / ;d'Ggt hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq
g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsflglDt ul/Psf ;j} P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{, jlnbfg
/ qmflGtx¿sf] / ljz]if u/L dxfg hgo'4, P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng / dw]; cfGbf]ng nufotsf ;j} hgd'lQm tyf
/fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf zxLb tyf j]kQf of]4fx¿sf] ljz]if
:d/0f / ;Ddfg ub},{ g]kfnL ;dfh tyf /fHosf] ljBdfg
cw{–cf}klgj]lzs tyf cw{–;fdGtL ;+/rgfsf] k"0f{ cGTo u/L
;d'Ggt ju{ljxLg ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cl3 j9\g :jfwLg
/ ;dfhjfbpGd'v hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo;Qf
:yfkgf ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cleef/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub},{
;fdGtL, lg/+sz ' , s]lGb|st[ , PsfTds / lkt[;QfTds
/fHoJoj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf ;j} vfn] lje]b / pTkL8gsf]
cGTo u/L b]zsf jx';V+ os pTkLl8t ju{, hflt÷hghflt,
If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf ;d:ofnfO{ bL3{sfnLg 9+un] ;+jf]wg
ug{ /fHo / ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{/+ rgf ug{k' g]{ cfjZostfnfO{
jf]w ub},{
dhb"/, ls;fg nufotsf >dhLjL hgtf g} jt{dfg
g]kfnL ;dfhsf d'Vo rfns zlQm x'g\ eGg] oyfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft
u/L /fHosf c+ux¿df >dhLjL hgtfsf] g]tT[ jbfoL e"ldsf
;'lglZrt ug{ k|ltj4 /x“b,}
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';fF:s[lts tyf If]qLo
ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L b]zsf] ef}uf]lns
cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} pTkLl8t hflt÷hghflt / If]qx¿sf]
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] gLlt / :jfoQ zf;gsf] sfo{qmdsf
cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+3fTds 9f"rfdf k'g;{+/rgf ug{'kg]{
cfjZostfnfO{ c+uLsf/ ub},{
hgtfsf] nf]stGq, jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds Joj:yf,
;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL / hg;xeflutfd"ns zf;g Joj:yf,
gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, cfly{s clwsf/ ;lxtsf]
dfgj clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k|; ] 7xg]5 { .
:jtGqtf, ;Ifd, lgikIf, :jtGq / hgpQ/bfoL Gofokflnsf
tyf sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No /
dfGotfnfO{ cjnDjg u/L ;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{
k|ltj4 /xFbÙ}
juL{ o , hftLo, If] q Lo, eflifs, wfld{ s , n} l Ës /
j0f{Joj:yfhGo hftkft / 5'jf5"t nufot ;a} k|sf/sf
lje]bsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;DkGgtf, ;fdflhs
Gofo / dlxnf, blnt, d'l:nd nufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{
ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ub}Ù{ ;fdGtjfb / j}bl] zs x:tIf]ksf ;a}vfn]
¿kx¿sf] cGTo ub}{ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds zf;g
Joj:yfsf] dfWodåf/f cu|udg ;lxtsf] lbuf] zflGt, ;d[l4
/ ljsf;sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ub}{ ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] cfwf/
tof/ kfg{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t of] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L hf/L
ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
Effu !
k| f /lDes
!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n
sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf]
xb;Dd cdfGo x'g5 ] .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ / ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf
bfloTj k"/f ug'{ ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g5] .
@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL hgtfn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qfsf]
k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ug]5 { g\ .
#= /fi6« M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';fF:s[lts,
ljifd ef}uf]lns ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf]
/fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt
cf:yfjfg\ /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfj4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf
;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .
$= g] k fn /fHo M -!_ g] k fn :jtGq, cljefHo,
;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, 5'jf5'td'Qm, ;j{;dfj]zL,
;dfhjfbpGd'v, u0ftGqfTds, ax'/fli6«o /fHo xf]
h;nfO{ ;+lIfKtdf g]kfn elgg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn /fHoleq cg';r " L–! df pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf
;+3Lo OsfO{x¿ /xg]5g\ .
-#_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M– -s_ of]
;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avtsf] If]q, / -v_ of]
;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .
%= /fi6«efiff M -!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿
/fi6«efiff x'g\ .-@_/fi6«efiffsf] ;dfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g /
ljsf; ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5 ] .-#_ k|To]s dft[efifL
;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] eflifs klxrfg / efiff;+usf]
;DaGwnfO{ ;Ddfgk"js { cg'et" ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5 ] .-
$_ b[li6ljxLg tyf cfjfh ljxLgx¿sf] nflu j|n ] lnlk
tyf ;f+sl] ts efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5 ] .-
%_= k|To]s JolQmn] s'g} klg txsf] ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L
sfof{noaf6 cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf cfÏg} dft[efiffdf lnglbg
rfx]df dft[efiffdf pknJw ug{' u/fpg' /fHosf] bfloTj
x'g5] .
^= /fli6«o em08f M -!_ jx'hftLo, jx'eflifs, jx'wfld{s,
jx';f+:s[lts / If]qLo ljljwtfo'Qm ;+3Lo ;+/rgf
emNsfpg] u/L g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f agfpg] tl/sf / tT;DaGwL
c? ljj/0f cg';r " L–@ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] .
&= /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o
ufg cg';r " L–# df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] lgzfgf 5fk cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v
ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] .
Effu @
gful/stf
*= gful/stf
-!_= Psn ;+3Lo gful/stfsf] Joj:yfM g]kfndf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n]
k|bfg ug]{ u/L k|fb]lzs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn gful/stfsf]
Joj:yf x'g5 ] .
-@_= g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]M{ g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf]
b]xfosf] JolQm of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/s
7xg]5 { –
-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt g]kfnsf] gful/stf
k|fKt JolQm,
-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] gful/stf
k|fKt JolQm,
-u_ o; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt
ug{ of]Uo JolQm .
(= j++ z hsf] cfwf/df gful/stfM -!_ g]kfndf :yfoL
a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 –
-s_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'bF fsf avt lghsf] afj'
jf cfdf dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg]
To:tf] JolQm,
-v_ ljb] z L gful/s;F u ljjfx ePsf g] k fnL
gful/saf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} :yfoL
a;f]jf; u/]sf] / cfdf jf afa'sf] gful/stfsf]
cfwf/df ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf]
JolQmn] gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf
afj' jf cfdf dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g\
eg] To:tf] JolQm .
-@_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] cfdf jf afa'sf] 7]ufg
gePsf] k|To]s gfafns gfaflnsf lghsf] cfdf jf
afa' kQf gnfu];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s
!) c·Ls[t gful/stf;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg
k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw ePsf
ljb]zLn] rfx]df g]kfndf sfg"gL ¿kdf kGw| jif{ a;f]af;
u/]sf] / ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf Tofu u/]kl5 k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{
;Sg]5 .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufj} g]kfnL gful/s;Fu
j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ePsf ljb]zL dlxnfn] g]kfnL
gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq lng rfx]df ljb]zL d'ns ' sf]
gful/stf TofUg] sf/jfxL rnfP kl5 cËLs[t g]kfnL
gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL gful/s cfdfaf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf
g} a;f]af; u/]sf] / afa'sf] klxrfg gePsf] JolQmn]
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ePsf g]kfnL gful/saf6
g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]jf; u/]sf]
/ cfdf jf afa'sf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/df ljb]zL
d'ns' sf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf] JolQmn] k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] cfly{s jf
;fdflhs pGgltdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] ljb]zLnfO{
cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{ / cj:yf k"/f
u/]sf] cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo
;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5–
-s_ g]kfnL jf g]kfndf k|rlnt cGo s'g} efiff
af]Ng / n]Vg hfg]sf],
-v_ g]kfndf s'g} Joj;fo ul/a;]sf],
-u_ cGo d'ns ' sf] gful/stf Tofu]sf],
-3_ sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd g]kfndf sfg"gL ¿kdf
a;f]af; u/]sf],
-ª_ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cª\Ls[t gful/stf lbg] sfg"gL
Joj:yf jf k|rng ePsf] d'ns ' sf] gful/s ePsf],
-r_ c;n rfnrng ePsf] .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\Ls[t gful/stf
;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ;dIf k|:t't
u/L ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]5 { .
!!= If]q ufle“bfsf] gful/stfM g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g}
If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a;f]jf; ePsf] JolQm k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g5 ] .
!@= j+zLo cfwf/ tyf n}l·s klxrfg;lxtsf] gful/stf
M k|To]s gful/snfO{ lghsf] cfdf jf afa'sf] j+zsf]
cfwf/df n}lËs klxrfg ;lxtsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g]5 .
!#= gful/stfsf] k'gM k|flKtM g]kfnL gful/stf Tofu u/L
ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf lnPsf JolQmn] k'gM g]kfndf
cfO{ kfFr jif{ a;f]af; u/L ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf
Tofu u/]df klxn] h'g lsl;dsf] g]kfnsf] gful/stf
k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] lghnfO{ ;f]xL lsl;dsf] gful/stf
k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ of] Joj:yf wf/f !) sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg
ul/Psf] cËLs[t gful/ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] cGt/f{li6«o Voflt
! $ =;Ddfgfy{
k|fKt JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgfy{ g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ug{
;Sg]5 .
! % = em"6f] ljj/0f k]z u/L jf k6s k6s gful/stf
lng lbg gx'g]M s;}n] em"6f] ljj/0f jf jofg lbO{ jf
Psk6s eGbf a9L jf PseGbf a9L :yfgaf6 gful/stf
lng lbg x'bF g} . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g5] .
t/ k|df0fsf cfwf/df gful/stf k|df0f kqdf plNnlvt
n]vfO jf 5kfOsf ;fdfGo q'6L ;Rofpg jf gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk lng lbg o; wf/fn] /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
:kli6s/0fM gful/stf ;DaGwL clen]vdf /x]sf gfd,
y/, 7]ufgf h:tf ljifodf /x]sf n]vfO{ jf 5kfO{ ;DaGwL
;fdfGo q'l6nfO{ o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu em"6f] ljj/0f
dflgg] 5}g .
!^= gful/stfsf] k| d f0fkq pk/ 5fgljg ug] { M o;
efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo
;/sf/n] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq pk/ 5fgljg
u/L u}/g]kfnLn] lnPsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq /2
ug{ / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfnL gful/saf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .
ful/stf sfod g/xg]M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg
!&= gful/stf
JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stf sfod /xg] 5}g–
-s_ :j]R5fn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu u/]df,
-v_ ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]df,
-u_ o; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g}
u}/g]kfnLn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf lnPsf] k|dfl0ft
ePdf .
-@_ g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uotf k'us ] f] s'g} JolQm
cGo d'ns ' sf] klg gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo /x]5 eg]
To:tf] JolQmn] gful/stf k|df0fkq lng of]Uotf k'us ] f]
b'O{ jif{leq tyf gfjfns gfaflnsfsf] xsdf aflnu
ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq g]kfnsf] gful/stf g/f]hd] f
To:tf] JolQm g]kfnsf] gful/s sfod /xg] 5}g .
!*= ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{M g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs
;DaGw sfod u/]sf ljb]zL gful/s tyf To:tf bDkQLaf6
hGd]sf ;Gtfgx¿sf] ljj/0f sfg"g adf]lhd cBfjlws
ul/g]5 .
!(= kbflwsf/Lsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_
g]kfnsf] /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt, ;+3Lo jf /fHo:t/sf]
Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsfsf] k|d'v /
;+jw} flgs cË tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo k|dv ' sf] kbdf lgjf{lrt
jf lgo'Qm x'g j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt g]kfnL
gful/s x'g' kg]5 { .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs kbdf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] cËLs[t jf hGdsf cfwf/df
g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt g]kfnL gful/s sDtLdf bz
jif{ / g]kfnsf] gful/stf Tofu u/L k'gM j+zhsf]
cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sDtLdf
kfFr jif{ g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] x'g' kg]5 { .
@)= u} / cfjf;Lo g] k fnLnfO{ kl/rokq lbg ;lsg] M
g]kfnsf] gful/stf Tofu u/L ljb]zsf] gful/stf k|fKt
u/]sf g]kfnL d'nsf JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ pkef]u ug{
kfpg] u/L u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL kl/rokq k|bfg ug{
;lsg]5 . ;f] kl/rokq /fhg}lts clwsf/ jfx]ssf ;j}
clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@!= sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]M gful/stf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g5 ] .
efu– #
df} l ns xs / st{ J o
-s_ df} l ns xs
@ @ = ;Ddfgk"j{s af“Rg kfpg] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{
;Ddfgk"js { afFRg kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ oftgf, j]kQf jf cGo s'g} klg
lsl;daf6 x'g] xTof jf d[To'b08 lj?4sf] xs x'g5 ] .
x'g5] . s;}nfO{ klg d[To' b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L
s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .
@ # = :jtGqtfsf] xsM -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] 5} x'g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g5 ] M–-s_ ljrf/
/ cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"js { e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,
-u_ ;+3 ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-3_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]jf;
ug]{ :jtGqtf,
-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo
ug]{ :jtGqtf .-5_= cfkm'dfly x'g] r/d cGofo, cTofrf/
/ zf]if0f pTkL8gsf lj?4 clGtd pkfosf ¿kdf ljb|fx] sf]
:jtGqtf .
t/, -!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]]{ jf
;+3Lo OsfO aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ sfo{ jf
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf
vnn kg]]{ jf hftLo e]befj jf 5'jf5'tnfO{ b'?T;fxg
ug]{ sfo{ jf ufnL j]OHhtL, cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf
ck/fwsf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstf
k|lts'n x'g] tyf ;fdGtjfb ;fd|fHojfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{
sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
-#_ v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf
/ cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf] lj?4 hf;';L
ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf e+Ë ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] jfXo
;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo, ;+u7g
jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ -/fHob|fx] ug]_{ jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdfvnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf
;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt,
wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf
lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf]
lj?4 hf;';L ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf eË ug]{ jf
g]kfnsf] jfXo ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL
/fHo, ;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ -/fHob|fx]
ug]_{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{
jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg
hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn
kg]{ jf s]jn hflt, efiff, wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf lnËsf]
cfwf/df s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{
gful/snfO{ hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s, ;fDk|bflos jf
n}lËs cfwf/df aGb]h nufpg] jf gful/sx¿aLr
lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts bn u7g ug{ jf lx+;fTds
sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug],{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf]
k|lts"n x'g] sfo{d{ f dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L
P]g agfpg / /fi6«3ftL sfo{ ug]{ ljb]zL zlQmx¿sf]
bnfnL ug],{ /fi6«lj/f]wL if8\oGq ug]{ jf k|ltudgsf/L
sfo{ ug]{ jf To:tf sfo{ ug{ s'g} ;+/rgf jf ;+oGq
v8f ug]{ /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dgfl;j k|ltjGw nufpg]
u/L P]g jgfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxtdf
vnn kg]{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn
kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf
aLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ jf
ck/fw ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–
;DaGwdf vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n
x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/
jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g}
pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf, /f]huf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf
nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf tf]Sg]] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@ $ = ;dfgtfsf] xsM -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df
;dfg x'g5 ] g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0f /
nfeaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt,
lnË, of}lgs cled'lvs/0f, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf,
:jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s
cj:yf, pTklQ, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf
o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g . t/
cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf ;fF:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf
dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw]zL, ls;fg,
dhb' / , pTkLl8t If] q , d' l :nd, lk58f ju{ ,
cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGts[t, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo jf ljkGg
ju{, o'jf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s, n}lËs tyf
of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, czQm jf
c;xfo gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;sf]
nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; efu tyf efu $ -/fHosf] lgb]z { s
l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æljkGgÆ
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
eGgfn] cf};t u/LaL eGbf d'lgsf gful/sx¿nfO{
hgfpFg5 ] .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt,
lnË, of}lgs cled'lvs/0f, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf,
:jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, pTklQ,
efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g}
cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}lËs cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ k'Vof}n { L ;Dkltdf ljgf n}lËs e]befj ;a} ;Gtfgsf]
;dfg xs x'g5 ] . t/ afa'cfdfn] OR5fPsf] cj:yfdf
jfx]s To:tf] ;DklQdf afa'cfdfsf] z]if kl5 dfq}
;Gtfgsf] xs nfUg]5 .
@%= cfd;~rf/;DaGwL xs xsM -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f
tyf 5fkf nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/,
;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o, >Jo, >Job[io
;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{
jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .t/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ;+3Lo OsfO aLrsf] ;'–
;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo
aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg],{ /fHob|fx] , em"6f] ;fdu|L
k|sfzg jf k|zf/0fåf/f JolQmsf] ;fdflhs dof{bfdf cfFr
k'¥ofpg] jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{
b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstf k|lts'n
/ 5'jf5't Pj+ hftLo tyf n}lËs e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg
ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg
/f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6
s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk]
jfkt To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf
5fKg], /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo
s'g} ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg u/] jfkt s'g}
;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, hkmt jf btf{
vf/]h ul/g] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g]5 / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|zf/0f
tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf ;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4
ul/g] 5}g .
@^= Gofo;DaGwL xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp
ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g}
cfk"mn] /f]hs ] f] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg]
xs x'g5 ] . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu
u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 /
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f k'kI{ f
ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf
/x]sf] u}/g]kfnL gful/s / zq' /fHosf] gful/ssf]
xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g
Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj
ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf
:yfgaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f
x]g{] clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{5 ] / To:tf]
clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf
JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf
/flvPsf] JolQm / zq' /fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdf of]
pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd
u/] jfkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5}g / s'g}
klg JolQmnfO{ s;'/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf]
s;'/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;'/bf/ dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;'/df Ps
k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;'/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf]lj?4
jf]Ng, n]Vg, ;fIfL x'g jf ;xL5fk ug{ s/ nufOg]
5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf]
hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / ;Ifd cbfnt
jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'gj' fOsf] xs x'g5 ] .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;xfotf kfpg]
xs x'g5 ] .
@&= ck/fwsf kLl8tsf] xsM -!_ ck/fwsf kLl8tnfO{
cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg txlssft tyf
sf/jfxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ ck/fwsf kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs
k'g:y{fkgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
@*= oftgflj?4sf] xsM -!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf
k'kI{ fsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf /x]sf]
s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf
lgh;Fu lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g]
5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo
x'g5] / To:tf] Jojxf/af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
@(= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsM -!_ g]kfn /fHosf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf
tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s
gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tfdf vnn
kfg],{ ;fDk|bflos bËf km}nfO{ ;fj{hlgs zflGt /
Joj:yfdf tTsfn u+eL/ vnn kfg]{ / zq' /fHosf]
gful/s afx]s cGo JolQmsf xsdf gh/aGb /x]sf]
JolQmsf] l:yltsf] af/]df lghsf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{
hfgsf/L lbOg]5 .
-#_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf
ablgotk"js { s;}nfO{ gh/aGb /fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf]
JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
#)= 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xsM -!_ s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ ju{, ln+u, hft, hflt, pTklQ, ;d'bfo, k]zf
jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5't jf
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{
To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf]
JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf
To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf]
JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} ju{, ln+u, hft, hflt, pTklQ jf zf/Ll/s
cj:yfsf JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ pr jf gLr bzf{pg],
hft, hflt jf 5'jf5'tsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{
Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf 5'jf5't tyf hftLo pRrtf
jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ jf
hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|fT] ;fxg ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5't u/L jf gu/L tyf s'g}
JolQmnfO{ lghsf] OR5f ljkl/t sfddf nufpg jf
sfo{:yndf s'g} k|sf/sf] lje]b ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ 5'jf5't tyf e]befjhGo ;a} k|sf/sf sfo{ h3Go
;fdflhs ck/fwsf] ¿kdf sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g5 ] g\
/ To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{sf]
xs x'g5 ] .
#!= ;DklQ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug],{ ef]u ug],{
a]rlavg ug],{ Joj;flos nfe k|fKt ug]{ / ;DklQsf]
cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ /fHon] JolQmsf] ;DklQdf cfjZostf cg';f/
k|ultzLn s/ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf]
;DklQ clwu|x0f ug],{ k|fKt ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ
pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{
5}g .t/ s'g} klg JolQmsf] cg'Tkfbs ;DklQ jf
lghn] u}/sfg"gL ¿kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf] xsdf
of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu e"ldxLg ls;fg
tyf ;'sD' af;Lx¿nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ hdLg clwu|x0f
ubf{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg /fHo jfWo x'g] 5}g . -%_ e"ldsf]
pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f
/ Joj;flos/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, Jojl:yt cfjf;
tyf zx/L ljsf; ug{ /fHon] sfg"g agfO{ e"ldsf]
lgodg / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#@= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf]
cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{]
tyf s'g} wd{af6 cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g5 ] .t/ s;}n]
klg ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ / g}ltstf k|lts"n
x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt eË ug]{ s[ofsnfk ug{ u/fpg
jf s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg jf csf{sf] wd{df vnn
kg{] s'g} sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ u/fpg kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf]
:jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL cfˆgf] wfld{s :yn /
wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g5 ] .
##= ;"rgfsf] xsM k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs
;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g5] . :t/ sfg"gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L
lbg s;}nfO{ s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#$= uf]kgLotfsf] xsM s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;,
lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/, rl/q ;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf]
uf]kgLotf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cgltqmDo
x'g5
] .
#%= zf] i f0flj?4sf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f
lj?4sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g}
cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] zf]if0f
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg
kfOg] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g5] / kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]
xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg
kfOg] 5}g .t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn]
;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ clgjfo{
;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ /fHon] of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq o;
wf/fdf plNnlvt pTkLl8t / zf]if0f lj?4sf xsx¿sf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsfnflu ;j} txdf 5'§} Ohnf;
jf cbfntsf] Joj:yf ug]5 { .
#^= jftfj/0f;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :j:y,
:jR5 / lbuf] jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf b'ik|efjaf6
;'/lIft /xg kfpg] cg'sn ' gsf] xs x'g5] .
-#_ jftfj/0fLo k|bi' f0f jf ¥xf;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt kLl8tnfO{
sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{] xs x'g' 5 ] .
#&= lzIff ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ dft[efiffdf
sDtLdf k|fylds lzIff kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns x'g5 ] . k|To]s
gful/snfO{ pRr dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff
kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ ljkGg ju{sf gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{
dft[efiffdf lzIff k|bfg ug]{ u/L ljBfno tyf z}lIfs
;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
#*= efiff tyf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQm /
;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff k|of]u ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] ;fF:s[lts
hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{
cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf /
;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{] xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ snf / ;flxTo l;h{gf ug],{ To;sf]
ljsf; ug],{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] af}l4s ;Dkbfsf]
;+/If0f ug]{ tyf ;f]af6 nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
#(= /f]f] h uf/L ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k| T o] s gful/snfO{
/f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g5 ] . /f]huf/Lsf zt{ / cj:yf sfg"gåf/f
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs
x'g5 ] .
-#_ k|To]s a]/f]huf/ gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd eQf kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
$)= >d;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d
cEof; / >d;DjGwL cfjZos k|fljlws nufot cGo
lzIff jf tflndsf] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ ;Ddflgt hLjg ofkgsf nflu
plrt kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]
xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ 6«8] o'lgog vf]Ng], To;df ;xefuL
x'g] tyf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fd'lxs
;f}bfafhL ug{] / x8tfn ug{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .-$_=
;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq ;j} txdf cfjZos
>d cbfntsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
$!= :jf:Yo;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ lgMz'Ns
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg
cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 al~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yosf] xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;"lrt :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'r F sf]
xs x'g5 ] .
-%_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{df
kx'r F sf] xs x'g5 ] .
$@= vfB;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y /
:jR5 vfBfGg k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g5 ] .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg
hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|et' fsf]
xs x'g5 ] . vfB;Dk|et' fsf] /Iffsfnflu k|To]s JolQm
tyf ;d' b fonfO{ vfB pTkfbg;+ u ;DjlGwt
pTkfbgzLn e"ld / k/Dk/fut jLpljhg nufotsf
;|ft] ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkef]usf] clwsf/
x'g5 ] .
$#= cfjf;;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y
dof{lbt j;f]jf;sf nflu cfjZos cfjf;sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu
/ j}slNks j;f]jf;sf] Joj:yf u/]/ afx]s s'g} klg
gful/snfO{ jf;:yfgaf6 x6fOg] jf ;f] pk/ s'g}
cltqmd0f ul/g] 5}g .
$ $$== dlxnf;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}lËs
lje]b ljgf ;dfg j+zLo xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ dlxnf lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] n}lËs e]befj ul/g]
5}g .
-#_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg ;DaGwL lg0ff{os xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ dlxnf lj?4 /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df
zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j1} flgs jf cGo
s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g] 5}g .
o:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g5 ] / kLl8t
JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-%_ dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} c+u, lgsfo
/ If]qdf ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df Ifltk"lt{
;lxt ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g5 ] . Ifltk"lt{ ;DjGwL
Joj:yf sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd x'g5 ] . -^_
k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /]fhuf/L / ;fdflhs
;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if clwsf/
x'g5 ] . o;df ljkGg ju{sf dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf
k|bfg ul/g]5 .
$%= afnaflnsf ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{
cfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt gfdfs/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs
x'g5] .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff,
:jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/, v]ns'b,
dgf]/~hg tyf JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt :ofxf/ ;lxtsf]
k|f/lDes afnlasf;sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] xs
x'g5 ] .
-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf
o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afnljjfx, u}/sfg"gL
cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg]
5}g .
-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q jndf
egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;fF:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf]
gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff
jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf]
zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo
h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf
cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg] 5}g .
ˆ5
-(_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL Gofosf] xs x'g5 ] .
-!)_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:yltsf, ckfËtf ePsf,
åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt, Pj+ hf] l vddf /x] s f
afnafflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf
kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
-!!_ pkwf/f -%_, -^_, -&_ / -*_ adf]lhdsf sfo{
sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g5 ] g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t
afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g5 ] .
$^= blnt ;d' b fo ;DaGwL xs M blnt ;d' b fosf]
cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs Pj+ ;fdflhs If]qdf
lgDgfg';f/ ljz]ifflwsf/ /xg]5 M
!= hft, ;d'bfo, j+z jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg :yfgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't
/ e]befj ul/g]5g} . To:tf] Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj?4sf]
h3Go ;fdflhs ck/fw dflgg]5 . kLl8t JolQmn]
sfg'g4f/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .
@= ;/sf/L, cw{–;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L pBf]u / cf}Bf]lus
k|lti7fgx¿df ;dfg'kflts 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt
ul/g]5 .
#= blntsf] k/Dk/fut k];fhGo cfw'lgs Joj:yfdf
blntnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 / tbg'¿ksf] ;f]r tyf
;|ft] pknJw u/fOg]5 .
$= /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ hldg pknJw u/fpg]5 .
%= cfjf; gePsf blntnfO{ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf /fHon]
u/fpg]5 .
^= blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fyldsb]lv pRr lzIff;Dd
5fqj[lQ;lxt lgz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
k|fljlws pRr lzIffdf blntsf] nflu sfg'g4f/f
ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
&= blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs k|ultsf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo /
/f]huf/Ldf ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fy} cfly{s
pkfh{g ug]{ ;f]r / >f]t pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
*= ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs, :yfgLo / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf /fhg}lts
lgsfodf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df blntsf] ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
(= lghfdlt, ;]jf, ;]gf, k|x/L nufot /f]huf/Lsf cGo
If] q df blntsf] ;zlQms/0f, k| l tlglwTj /
;xeflutfsf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df
sfg'g4f/f ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!)= blnt ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf :yfgLo lgsfodf
blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ /xg]5 . To:tf]
/fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf b'O sfo{sfnkl5
:jtM lgliqmo x'g5 ] .
!!= blnt ;d'bfon] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df kxf8L
blnt, dw];L blnt / blnt dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTj u/fOg]5g\ .
$&= kl/jf/;DaGwL xs M -!_ s;}n] klg PseGbf a9L
klt jf kTgL /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljjfx ug{
kfpg] tyf ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtf
x'g5 ] .
-#_ ljjfx ug]{ kIfsf] OR5f ljkl/t jf k"0f{ / :jtGq
;xdlt ljgf ljjfx u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg
xs x'g5 ] .
-%_ ;Gtfgsf] kfng kf]if0f, :ofxf/ ;+ef/ tyf ;jf{lË0f
ljsf;sf nflu cfdf afa'sf] ;dfg clwsf/ / bfloTj
x'g5 ] ;fy} cleefjssf] ;Ddfg / kfngkf]if0f ug]{
k|To]s ;Gtfgsf] clwsf/ / bfloTj x'g5 ] .
-^_ pkwf/f -!_ / pkwf/f -#_ ljkl/tsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f
b08gLo x' g ] 5 .-&_= o; wf/fdf pNn] l vt
clwsf/x¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsfnflu ;j} txdf
5'§} kfl/jfl/s Ohnf; jf cbfntsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
$*= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsM -!_ ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8
kfl/Psf dlxnf, blnt, dw]zL, cflbjf;L, hghflt,
cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGts[t, d'l:nd, n}lËs tyf of}lgs
cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, o'jf, k5fl8
kfl/Psf ju{, ls;fg / dhb"/ ju{ tyf pTkLl8t If]qnfO{
;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ubf{ cfly{s ¿kn]
ljkGg gful/snfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-#_ ljkGg ju{, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v
;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L,
vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf
nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ s[lif sfo{sf] nflu e"lddflysf]
xs, k/Dk/fut ¿kdf k|of]u / cjnDjg ul/Psf]
:yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 / ;+/If0fsf]
xs, s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No / ahf/df
kx'r F sf] xs tyf ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf] nflu
ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-%_ cflbaf;L, hghfltnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt efiff
tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ljsf; ug]{ tyf
;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf] nflu k|fyldstfsf ;fy
ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
cflbjf;L, hghflt ;d'bfonfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf]
clwsf/sf] ;}4flGts :jLs[lt ;lxt :jzf;g /
:jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ tyf :jtGq, k"0f{ / ;';l" rt
;xdltsf] xs x'g5 ] .
-^_ cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg sfod /fvL
;fdflhs / ;+f:s[lts clwsf/ k|of]usf nflu ljz]if
cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-&_ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;}4flGts
:jLs[lt ;lxt :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ x'g5 ]
ˆ6
/ cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts
cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg ljt/0f
tyf ;f] ;d'bfo leqsf ljkGg
/ lk58f ju{sf] / dlxnfsf]
;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if cj;/
/ nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-*_ pTkLl8t If]qsf gful/ssf]
;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f,
ljsf; / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf
kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ljz]if cj;/
/ nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-(_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{
ljljwtfsf] klxrfg ;lxt
dof{ b f / cfTd;Ddfgk" j { s
hLjg ofkg ug{ kfpg] /
;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf
;dfg kx'r F sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-!)_ k|To]s o'jfnfO{ jf}l4s, g}lts
/ zf/Ll/s ;zlQms/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo,
/f]huf/L, v]ns'b nufotsf
If]qdf ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ub}{
JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g] tyf
/fHosf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;df
of]ubfgsf nflu /fhgLlts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;xeflutfsf
cj;/sf] xs x'g5 ] .
-!!_ ljutdf ePsf ;a}
hgcfGbf]ng, hgo'4 / dw]z
cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ePsf zlxb
kl/jf/, a] k Qf kfl/Psf
JolQmsf kl/jf/, ckfË /
3fOt]nfO{ /fHosf ;a} ;+oGqdf
;xeflutf, ;/sf/L /
;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ljz]if ;'ljwf,
lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, cfjf;,
/fHosf lgb] { z s l;4fGt,
;fdflhs ;' / Iff, /fxt /
lgj[Qe/0fsf] xs x'g5 ] .-!@_=
%$= /fHosf lgb] { z s l;4fGt tyf
cflbjf;L–hghflt / :yfgLo
;d'bfonfO{ e"ld / k|fs[lts
;Dkbfdfly cu|flwsf/sf] xs
x'g5] .
$(= ;fdflhs ;' / Iff;DaGwL xsM
ljkGg ju{, czQm, c;xfo, c;xfo
cj:yfdf /x] s f Psn dlxnf,
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, afnaflnsf,
h]i7 gful/s, cfˆgf] x]/rfx cfkm}
ug{ g;Sg] JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v
hfltsf gful/snfO{ ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf] xs x'g5 ] .
%)= pkef] Q mfsf] xs xsM -!_ k| T o] s
pkef]QmfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf
;]jf k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ u'0f:t/xLg j:t' jf ;]jfaf6
Iflt k'us ] f] JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{
kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
%!= b]z lgsfnflj?4sf] xsM s'g}
klg gful/snfO{ s'g} klg s;'/df
b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
%@= df} l ns xssf] sfof{ G jog /
;+ j } w flgs pkrf/sf] xsM -!_
o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog / pkrf/ k|fKt ug]{ xs
k|To]s gful/ssf] x'g5 ] .
-@_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ xsx¿sf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
cfjZos kg] { sfg' g x¿sf]
lgdf{0f jf ;+zf]wg jf vf/]hL
;DjGwL sfo{ tyf Goflos
;+ / rgfx¿sf] :yfkgf 5
dlxgfleq ul/g]5 .
-#_ ljz] i fflwsf/ tyf
cu|flwsf/x¿sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf lgldQ dfgj
ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/df
k|To]s kf"r jif{df cfjZos
;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
;f]xL cg';f/ yk sfo{of]hgf
th{d ' f ul/g]5 . -$_= g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o
;'/Iff, c?sf] xsclwsf/ tyf
;fdflhs dfgdof{ b f /
k|lti7fsf] ;Ddfg, ;fj{hlgs
Joj:yf jf :jf:Yo jf
g}ltstfsf] ;+/If0fsfnflu jfx]s
cGo cfwf/df o; efudf
pNn]lvt df}lns xsx¿dfly
k|ltjGw nufpg] u/L lgdf{0f
ul/g] s'g} klg sfg"gx¿ :jtM
c;+jw} flgs x'g5 ] g\ .
-v_ df} l ns st{ J o
%#= gful/ssf st{ J oM k| T o] s
%#=gful/ssf
gful/ssf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g5] g\ –
-s_ d'n'sk|lt lgi7fjfg x'Fb}
g] k fnsf] /fli6« o tf,
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf /
/fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff ug',{
-v_ d' n ' s sf ;+ j ] b gzLn
ljifox¿;+ u ;DjlGwt
uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg',
-u_ hgtfsf] nf]stGq, dfgj
clwsf/, zflGt, cu|ufdL
kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] kIfdf
;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] kfngf
ug'{,
-3_ b] z n] rfx] s f jvt
clgjfo{ ;] j f ug' { ,
;f]sfnflu k|To]s !* jif{
gf3]sf :j:y gful/sn]
/fi6« s f] /Iffsfnflu
clgjfo{ ;}lgs tflnd ug'{
-ª_ ;fj{hlgs tyf /fli6«o
;DklQsf] ;+ / If0f /
;Da4{g ug',{
-r_ sfg"g adf]lhd s/ ltg',{
-5_ b] z , ;dfh / cGo
JolQmsf] clwsf/df
cf3ft gk'Ug] u/L cfˆgf]
:jtGqtf / clwsf/sf]
k|of]u ug',{
-h_ >dsf] ;Ddfg ug',{
-em_ cfdf, afa', afnaflnsf,
h] i 7 gful/s, dlxnf,
czQm tyf c;xfo,
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf
dfgj ;d' b fok| l t
cfjZostf / cj:yf
cg';f/ kfngkf]if0f tyf
cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug',{
efu $
gLlt tyf bfloTjx¿
gLltM Plss[t, ;di6Lut, ;jf{l+ u0f
tyf ;+Gt'lnt gLlt tyf l;4fGtdf
cfwfl/t x'b+ } /fHosf lgb]z { s gLlt
tyf l;4fGtx¿ b] x foadf] l hd
x'g5
] g\M
-!_ ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{df cfwfl/t
;fdGtjfb tyf
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ;d'Ggt,
;d[ 4 Pj+ ;dfhjfbpGd' v
;dfhsf] lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu
cfTdlg0f{ o sf] clwsf/,
:jfoQtf / :jzf;g;lxt
;j{;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts Pj+
k|ToIf nf]stGqdf cfwfl/t
;xeflutfd" n s hgtfsf]
;+ 3 Lo u0ftGqfTds
zf;gk|0ffnL /fHosf] /fhgLlts
gLlt tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-@_ cw{ – ;fdGtL tyf cw{ –
cf}klgj]l;s cfly{s zf]if0f
pTkL8gsf] pGd" n g ub} {
b]zleq pknAw ;|ft] / ;fwg
tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]usf]
pknAwtf / k| l tkmnsf]
;j{;dfj]zL Pj+ ;dfg'kflts
ljt/0fk|lt ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf]
;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L
:jb] z L lghL, ;xsf/L,
;fd'bflos tyf ;fj{hlgs
pBdnfO{ k|fyldstf / k|>o
lbO{ /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ :jtGq,
cfTdlge{/ Pj+ pGgltzLn
u/fpb} bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL
k'FhLsf] lgodg, lgoGq0f /
pGd"ng ub}{ ;dfhjfbpGd'v
/fli6«o cy{tGqsf]] lgdf{0f ug'{
/fHosf] cfly{s gLlt tyf
l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-#_ ;a}vfn] hftLo cx+sf/afb,
lkt[;QfTds ;f]r, j0ff{>d
Joj:yfhGo dg'jfbL lrGtg,
tyf ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;a}
k| s f/sf e] b efj, å] i f /
c;lxi0f'tfx¿nfO{ pGd"ng u/L
;dfgtf, pRr ;fj{ h lgs
g} l tstf / ;dfg Gofodf
cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug'{
/fHosf] ;fdflhs gLlt tyf
l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-$_ ljBdfg ;fdGtL
pTkfbgk|0ffnLsf] pGd"ng ub}{
e"ld tyf s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt
If] q sf] lbuf] / ;Gt' l nt
ljsf;sf nflu d' n ' s df
pknAw k|fs[lts ;|ft] dfly s[ifs
tyf cGo >dhLlj ju{sf] lghL
tyf ;fd'bflos :jfldTj /
lgoGq0fdf cfwfl/t j}1flgs
pTkfbgk|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{
/fHosf] e"ld tyf s[lif gLlt
Pj+ l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-%_ s[lif, jg, hn / k|s[ltsf
cg'kd j/bfg;flat lxdfno
>[ªv \ nfx¿sf] kof{j0fLo ;+/If0f
/ ;Da4{g Pj+ ljZj hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf k|lts"n c;/x¿sf]
k|efjsf/L cg'sn " gdf cfwfl/t
:yfgLo, If]qLo tyf /fli6«o
cfTdlge{ / pBf] u wGbf /
ko{6gh:tf ;]jf pBf]ux¿sf]
lbuf] Pj+ ;Gt'lnt ljsf; ub}{
d' n ' s nfO{ qmdzM pTkfbg,
ljlgdo, ljt/0f tyf pkef]usf
;a} If]qdf oflGqsLs/0f /
:jrfng /fHosf] cf}Bf]lus gLlt
tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-^_ dfgjclwsf/, >d tyf
jftfj/0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o
sfg'g, gLlt tyf l;4fGtdf
cfwfl/t ;dfhjfbpGd' v
pTkfbgk|0ffnL / ;DaGwsf]
ljsf;sf nflu :jb]zL >d,
;|ft] , 1fg, k|ljlw / ahf/nfO{
pRr k|fyldstf lbFb} /fi6« /
hgtfsf] /fli6«o cfjZostf /
k|fyldstfdf cfwfl/t afXo
k'lF h, nufgL / k|ljlwnfO{ klg
;xof]lusf] ¿kdf cfTd;ft ug'{
/fHosf] k'h F L / nufgL;DaGwL
gLlt tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-&_ s[ l if If] q df ljBdfg ;a}
k|sf/sf ;fdGtL pTkfbg;DaGw
/ To;sf cjz]ifx¿sf] pGd"ng
ub}{ h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t
sfod ug]{ /fHosf] qmflGtsf/L
e"ld;'wf/ gLlt tyf l;4fGt
x'g5 ] .
-*_ cfGtl/s tyf afXo
k|lt:kwf{Tds nufgLdf g]kfndf
pknAw hn;|ft] , hnljB't /
cGo :jR5 j}slNks pmhf{sf]
ljsf;, ljt/0f / ;j{;'ne
d" N odf ;dfg kx' F r tyf
g]kfndf jf g]kfn x'Fb} aUg]
cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{ l i6« o
gbLx¿dflysf] jt{dfg Pj+
efjL pkof]u / pkef]udfly
g]kfnsf] cu|flwsf/;lxt t6Lo
d' n ' s x¿;F u sf] ;+ o ' Q m
hn;xsfo{ tyf hn;|f]t /
hnljB'tsf] ljsf;, ljt/0f /
pkef]udf cfGtl/s ahf/nfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf g]kfnsf]
hn;|ft] Pj+ pmhf{ gLlt tyf
l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-(_= lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, vfB
;Dk|et' f / cfjf; dfly ;j}
hgtfsf] df}lns xs :yflkt
ub}{ ltgsf] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe"lt
ug]{ gLlt /fHon] lng]5 .
-!)_= ckf+u, c;xfo, j[4j[4f,
clt ;LdfGts[t tyf nf]kf]Gd'v
hflt cflbsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
ug{' /fHosf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
gLlt x'g5 ] .
-!!_ hn;| f ] t , hnljB' t ,
;~rf/, oftfoft, pBf]u, ko{6g
tyf s[lif If]qdf ul/g] ljb]zL
nufgLsf xsdf ;+3, k|bz ] ,/
If] q sf hgtfx¿sf]
cu| f lwsf/;lxt ax' d t
z]o/nufgLsf cfwf/df ljb]zL
nufgL Jojl:yt ug]{ /fHosf]
j} b ] l zs nufgL gLlt tyf
l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-!@_ b] z sf] ;fj{ e f} d ;Qf,
:jtGqtf, cv08tf, :jfwLgtf
/ /fli6«o ;'/IffnfO{ cljlR5Gg
/fVb} c;+nUgtf, t6:ytf Pj+
ljZjzflGtdf cfwfl/t
k/:k/df s'g} klg k|sf/sf
cltqmd0f / x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm
tyf kf/:kl/s ;Ddfg / nfedf
cfwfl/t k//fi6« gLlt g]kfnsf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lgoldt Pj+
lgb]{lzt ug]{ cfwf/e"t gLlt
tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
-!#_ cGt/f{ l i6« o sfg' g sf
cfwf/df jfl0fHo tyf kf/jxg
;'ljwf lgjf{w pkef]u ug{kfpg]
/fHosf] jfl0fHo tyf kf/jxg
gLlt x'g5 ] .
-!$_ /fli6« o ;Dkbf tyf
g]kfnl:yt ljZj;Dkbfx¿sf]
;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ub}{ b'|t
ultdf cfw' l gsLs/0f ug] {
/fHosf] /fli6«o ;Dkbf;DaGwL
gLlt tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
-!%_ 6]8« o'lgogsf] df}lns xs
cGtu{t cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf
Joj:yfkg lgsfodf
l;h{gfsf y'·f
a9f/f}+ ;asf ;a
dh' b /x¿sf] ;d' l rt
k| l tlglwTj ;' l glZrt ug] {
/fHosf] >d gLlt x'g5 ] .
-!^_ /fHoleqsf ;a} k|fs[lts
>f] t / ;fwg /fHosf] dgf]x/ nfld5fg]
:jfldTjdf /xg] /fHosf] gLlt
x'g5 ] .
gofF g]kfnsf] cfzf
-!&_ dfgj lgld{ t pTkfbg,
ljlgdo, ljt/0f / pkef]u
t'lxg] ue{d} xf] ls <
nufot c? ;a} >f]t ;fwgx¿
/fHo, ;fd'lxs, ;xsf/L /
df5f]df5f] egL nfUbf,
JolQmut ¿kdf /xg] /fHosf]
gLlt x'g5 ] .
Eofu'tf] kfOg] xf] ls <
-!*_ g]kfnnfO{ oflGqlss/0f, 5fF6sfF6 ;a} p:t},
:jrfngsf] lbzfdf n}hfgsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg /fhf 1fg]Gb| hlQs}
:t/sf bIf k|fljlws tyf lj1
hgzlQm lgdf{0f x'g] ul/ xfnsf] s';L{sf] df]xdf lnKt
lzIff gLltdf k'g/;/rgf ug'{
/fHosf] lzIff gLlt x'g5 ] . rf6'tf klg plQs} ..
-!(_ /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff,
;d'Ggt / Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] /}tLsf 9fF6j ' f /fhf,
lgdf{0f / tLj| cfly{s–;fdflhs
¿kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf 9fF6c
] f} 5n5fdd},
o'jfzlQmnfO{ kl/rflnt ug{
cfjZos gLlt tyf of]hgf hgtfsf 9F6j ' f g]tf,
lgdf{ 0 f / sfof{ G jog ug] {
/fHosf] o' j f;DjGwL gLlt dVv 5g\ cem plQs} ..
x'g5 ] .
%%= /fHosf bfloTjx¿M -!_ o;
a]OdfgL 5nL p:t} ,
;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt df}lns xs,
/fHosf lgb]z { s l;4fGt tyf gLlt
p:t} /f}b| ldhf; g},
/ cGo k| f jwfgx¿sf] l56f] /
5l/tf]¿kdf k|efjsf/L kfngf /
d:t 5g\, s';L{df lnKt,
sfof{Gjog /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5
-@_ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx¿nfO{ cfGtl/s
] . gtd:ts ljb]zLd} ..
tyf afXo ;a} If]q / lgsfodf x¿jf b]z xfFSb}5g\,
x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf e]befj,
zf]if0f / bdgsf] lgoGq0f Pj+ lhTg] 5g\, k|ltkIfdf
lg/fs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o tyf
cGt/f{ l i6« o txdf ljleGg ljb]zL af3] gª\uf| n]
sfg'gL, k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos
sbdx¿ rfNg' /fHosf]] bfloTj lyRb}5 dbd:tLdf ..
x'g5 ] .
-#_ cfh;Dd ePsf ljleGg l/lQFbf] b]zsf] rfnf,
hg;3if{ , hgcfGbf] n g /
hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ;d:of lbglbg ca,
u/]sf, oftgf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf,
u} / Goflos xTofsf] lzsf/ n'6b\ 5} g\ hggL xfd|L,
ePsf tyf cGo ljleGg
lsl;dn] 3fOt] , czQm / k/rqmLx¿ ;a ..
c;Ifd ePsf JolQm tyf
ltgsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ plrt
jghÍn vfgL /,
/fxt, Ifltk"lt{, :jf:Yof]krf/
/ k' g :yf{ k g ub} { ;Dk" 0 f{
9'’Íf cf}F afn'jf ;a,
bf]ifLx¿dfly s8f sf/afxL /
;hfo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;To
sf}8Ldf laqmL ub}5 { g\,
lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u
u7g u/L logsf] sfof{Gjog
n'6b \ 5} g\ b]z j}ej ..
ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5 ] . g]kfnL cl:dtf n'6g \ ,]
-$_ g] k fn /fHokIf ePsf
dfgjclwsf/, >lds clwsf/ dfs'/] hfnf]df ;a,
;F u ;DalGwt
;lGw;Demf}tfx¿sf] /fli6«o txdf uFu6f] ;/L RofKb}5g\,
k|efjsf/L kfngf / sfof{Gjogsf
lgldQ cfjZos ljwflosL, gofF g]kfndf ca ..
sfo{sfl/0fL, Goflos tyf cGo
cfjZos sbdx¿ rfNg' tyf gnfu r'k hGtf xf],
To;sf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg
ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5 ] . ;xg] slt xf] ca,
-%_ g]kfn /fHokIf ePsf cGo
cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw;Demf}tf tyf p7\ ljb|fx] df nfu,
ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yf
/ ax'/fli6«o sDkLx¿;Fu ePsf a9f/f}F ljs[lt ;a ..
;lGw, ;Demf}tf / s/f/x¿sf]
;dofg' s " n k' g /fjnf] s g,
;dfpm 3g Hofan
;+ z f] w g, vf/] h L
cfjZostfcg' ; f/ b] z /
/
xFl;of aGr/f] ;a
hgtfsf] ;jf]Q { d lxt x'gu] /L
kf/bzL{ 9+ u n] gofF ;lGw,
hGtfdf/f b]z df/f
;Demf}tf / s/f/x¿ ;DkGg
ub} { Jofks, uDeL/ /
a9f/f}F ;asf ;a .
bL3{sflngsf xsdf hgdt
;+ux| / cGodf Joj:yflksfsf]
b'Ol{ txfO{ ax'dtn] cg'df]bg ug'{
/fHosf] bfloTj x'g5 ] .
%^= k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{] M o; efudf
pNn]lvt /fHosf lgb]{zs gLlt,
l;4fGt tyf bfloTjx¿sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf lgldQ rflnPsf sbd
/ pknlAwx¿;DaGwL k|ltj]bg
k| T o] s jif{ /fi6« k | d ' v n] ;+ 3 Lo
Joj:yflksf;dIf cg'df]bgsf nflu
k]z ug]5 { g\ .
af“sL csf]{ c+sdf====
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
6'/=== /fi6« 3 ftL / q' m / ck/fwL
dfwjs' d f/n] ut;ftf af] n ] –
glbP/ ufO8x¿ cGof]ndf k/]sf] pgn]
atfP . sltnfO{ t Kofg eg]sf] s]
xf] eGg] g} yfxf 5}g xf]nf, pgn] eg] .
ko{6g If]qsf clwsf+z ufO8x¿ Kofg
btf{ ug]{ tyf s/ ltg{'kg]{ s'/fk|lt g}
cgle1tf JoSt u5{ g \ . pgLx¿
xfn;Dd sf]xL klg Kofg btf{ ug{'k5{
cfk\mgf] sdfO{ olt k|ltzt /fh:j
ltg{'k5{ eGg] hfgsf/L lbg sf]xL klg
gcfPsf] Ps ufO8sf] egfO 5 .
lu6L===
v'n]ofd x'g] o:tf] /fh:j lxgfldgfsf
36gfx¿ eg] a9\bf] 5 . 7]s]bf/x¿sf]
ldn]dtf]df eG;f/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] sd
/fh:j c;'nL ul//xFbf;d]t ;DalGwt
lgsfosf] Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf] :yfgLo
afl;Gbfx¿ atfpF5g\ .
cg'zLn ;fksf]6f, k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
d[To'sf]===
cj/f]w u/]sf] atfpg'k¥of] . h]xf];d\
cToGt} ;+jb] gzLn cj:yfdf k'u/] klg
cGTodf ;xdlt eO5f8\of] . Pp6f
eo+ s / sfnaf6 ;+ l jwfg;ef
hf] l uof] . Pp6f sxfnLnfUbf]
clgi7af6 d'n'sn] lj>fd kfof] . t/,
;a} rLhsf] ;dfwfg ePsf] 5}g .
cem} klg hfnem]n, ab\df;L, if8\oGq
/ u2f/Lsf] ;Defjgf 6l/;s]sf] 5}g .
km]l/ klg ;xdltsf] kfngf x'g] l:yltsf]
cGTo eO;s]sf] 5 . PsLs[t g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 jftfj/0f
;fDo eO;s]sf] l:yltnfO{ ;xdltsf]
pNn+3g u/]/ ;Qfwf/L bnx¿n] emg}
eofjx / cft+lst agfpFb}5g\ . ‘xnf]
c8\sfP/ uf]? s'6\g]’ sfo{nfO{ hgtfn]
a'lem;s]sf 5g\ .
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ ;+ljwfg agfpg]
Pp6f /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf a'em]sf]
eP ;xdlt g} o;sf] Ps dfq ;"q
lyof] . t/ oxfF bh{gf}F k6d"v{x¿ ldn]/
cNa6{ cfOG;6fOgnfO{ g} d"v{ ;fljt
ug]{ k|oTg u/] . 7]6 zAbdf eGg] xf]
eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfTdf eg]s} /fli6«o
;xdlt xf] . s] xfdL ;xdltlagfsf]
;+ l jwfg;efsf] kl/sNkgf ug{
;S5f}F < s]xL dflg;x¿ e'm6sf v]tL
ul//x]5g\ / 7"nf7"nf :j/df elg/x]5g\,
;xdlt rflxFbg} , zflGt / ;+ljwfg klg
rflxFb}g . t/, lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg;efnfO{
arfp . lgMzt{ cyf{t\ /fli6«o ;xdlt
:jLsfo{ 5} g . s] x L dflg;x¿
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ s]jn ;+;b\ agfPsf
5g\ / ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf ;a}h;f]
b'u'{0fx¿, b'u{Gwx¿ / ljs[ltx¿nfO{
e/dUb'/ pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . ;+;bLo
Joj:yf eg]s} c+sul0ftLo / k|fljlws
ax'dtsf] gfddf oyfy{df cNkdtn]
ax'dtdfly zf;g ug]{ / jf:tljs
hgfb]znfO{ d"v{ agfpg] clg lvNnL
p8fpg] Joj:yf xf] . ToxfF ;f+;bx¿sf]
lsga]r, ckx/0f / cf];f/k;f/ h:tf
;a} sfo{ j} w x' G 5g\ . ;Qfwf/L
blIf0fkGyL bnx¿ ;+ljwfg;efnfO{
s]jn kmf]xf]/, ljs[t ;+;b\ dfq agfpg
rfx] s f 5g\ . ;+ l jwfg;efsf]
dxTjk"0f{ / k|fylds sfo{nfO{ layf]n/]
s]jn ;+;bLo sfdnfO{ dfq arfpg
/ hLljt /fVg rfx]sf 5g\ tf ls
pgLx¿n] ug] { ;a} v fn] a| x \ d n' 6 ,
/fi6«b|f]x / hgb|f]xnfO{ j}wflgstf k|fKt
xf];\ . s] xhf/f}F ;lxb tyf a]kQf,
3fOt] tyf ckf+ux¿sf] alnbfgaf6
k| f Kt ;+ l jwfg;ef e| i 6frf/,
sfnf]ahfl/of, 3";vf]/L, t:s/L clg
/fi6«3ftsf] nfO;]G; aGg ;S5 < s]
;+ljwfg;ef /fHodflysf] j}b]lzs
x:tIf]ksf] ;fIfL aGg ;S5 < h]7 !$
kl5 klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKgsf
nflu PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n]
k| w fgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf / /fli6« o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/sf] ;t{ /fVof] .
dfwjs' d f/n] t eGg] g} eP,
;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg s'g} ;t{
:jLsfo{ 5}g . t/, b'Mvsf] s'/f sfFu; ]| ,
Pdfn]nufotsf bnx¿n] klg ToxL
bf] x f] ¥ ofP s' g } ;t{ :jLsfo{ 5} g .
pgLx¿n] cnflk/x] , lgMzt{
;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yk . s] /fli6«o
;xdlt cfhsf] Go"gtd / clgjfo{
cfjZostf xf]Og < d t eG5', of] klg
s'g} ;t{ xf] / < s] ;xdlt eg]sf]
s;}sf] xf/ xf] < lglZrt 5, /fli6«o
;xdlt jf Pstfaf6 xfg]{ zlQmx¿ 5g\,
ltgLx¿ x'g\, k|ltufdL, blIf0fkGyL,
k|ltlqmofjfbL / ljb]zL bnfnx¿ .
o;af6 k|:6 x'G5, ;+ljwfg;ef s;sf]
lgoGq0fdf k'Ub}5 <
;+ l jwfg;ef d] / f] Ph] G 8f lyPg,
dfcf] j fbLnfO{ v' ; L kfg{ dfq
:jLsfl/lbPsf] x'F . pgnfO{ af]Sg]
e'/]6fs'/] /fhfx¿ nlHht eP . a}7s
a;] / eGg nufP, lha|f] lrlKnof] .
km]l/ 5f]6] /fhfx¿n] tfnL nufP /
unNn xfF;] . Pdfn] eGg] kf6L{sf] klg
a}7s a:of] / kf6L{ cWoIfn] eg]–
tkfO{ + n ] ubf{ kf6L{ nlHht aGof] .
jf:tjdf dfs'g]sf] Tof] egfO lha|f]
lrlKnP/ cfPsf] lyPg, /fs]z ;'bnfO{
v' ; L kfg] { xltof/ lyof] . dfs' g ]
g]t[Tjsf] jt{dfg s7\k'tnL ;/sf/
s'Voft /fli6«o ck/fwLx¿sf] hTyf
xf] . k] ; ] j / ck/fwLx¿ ljleGg
5b\ d e] i fdf g} ck/fw u5{ g \ .
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljjfx ug] { , hflu/
nufOlbg] k| n f] e gdf aDaO{ nu] /
a] R 5g\ . rSn] 6 lbP/ aRrfx¿
ckx/0f u5{ g \ / b" w lbP/ ljif
v' j fpF 5 g\ . xf] o:t} 5b\ e ] i fdf
;+ljwfg;efsf] xTof ug{ vf]Hb}5g .
/fi6«kltsf] c;+j}wflgs sbdb]lv g}
;+ljwfg;efsf] ckx/0f eO;s]sf]
5 . t/, ca eg] if8\oGqx¿ s]xL
sdhf]/ ag]sf 5g\ . if8\oGqsf/Lx¿
cfk\ m gf bnleq g} 3] / faGbL /
va/bf/Ldf kb}{5g\ . ca ;xdltsf]
kfngfnfO{ ;a}n] Wofg k'¥ofpg' d}
;a}sf] hLt x'g]5 . /fli6«o ;xdltaf6
sf]xL xfb}{g, ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof .
;Qfsf] gzf nflu;s]kl5 dfG5] cGwf]
x'Fbf]/x]5 . ljr/f dfwjs'df/sf] nflu
k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{ Ps} lbg dfq eP
klg sfkmL lyof] . b'O{b'O{ 7fpFaf6
r'gfj xf/]/ klg Tof] kfpg' rnlrqdf
dfq ;Dej lyof], t/ pgn] tLg dlxgf,
5 dlxgf x'Fb} k"/} Ps jif{ g} k|wfgdGqL
eP/ latfP . t} k lg pgnfO{ sqf]
nf]e < ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsof],
Dofb yKg' k g] { eof] , t} k lg pgn]
;+ljwfg;efsf] 3fF6L lgdf]7]/ eP klg
cfk"m s';L{df 6fFl;O/xg] lg0f{o u/] .
kl5 Pdfn]leqs] ^$ hgf ;ef;b\n]
/fli6«o ;xdltsf nflu k|wfgdGqLsf]
/fhLgfdf dfu ub}{ 1fkgkq g} lbP .
t}klg pgn] ;'g]g . tLg bnaLr tLg
a'Fb] ;xdlt eof], h;df kfFr lbgleq
pgsf] /fhLgfdfsf] ;xdlt lyof] .
t}klg pgL nfrf/ eP/ al;/x] . kl5
Tof] ;xdltsf] ckJofVof u/]/} klg
s' ; L{ d f al;/xg] w[ i 6tf ub} { 5 g\ .
of]eGbf 7"nf] /fi6«3ft s] x'g ;S5 <
cf]Prl;Prcf/sf]===
/ To;af6 l;lh{ t b08xLgtfsf]
cj:yf sfod} /x] s f] tyf
dfgjclwsf/ xggsf 36gfx¿df
sdL gePsf] cj:yfdf
dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf
nflu Ps :jtGq /fi6«;3+ Lo lgsfo /xg'
cToGt cfjZos b]lvG5 . t;y{ xfdL
tkl;ndf pNn]lvt Gf]kfndf sfd ug{]
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw /
JolStx¿n] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/
cfof]u;Fu ;dGjo ug{ zflGt k|lqmof /
dfgjclwsf/sf] cg' u dg ug{ /
dfgjclwsf/sf] If] q df sfd ug] {
;+ : yfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[ l 4 ug{
sfof{b]zsf ;fy cf]Prl;Prcf/sf]
Dofb yKg] ;DaGwdf cljnDj lg0f{o
ug{ ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}F .
k| f = slkn >] i 7, jl/i7 dfgj
clwsf/sdL{ ;'af]w/fh Kofs'/]n,
r/0f k| ; fO{ + , ljZjsfGt d} g fnL,
lji0f' k ' s f/ >] i 7, Uf0f] z las,
ejfgLk|;fb v/]n, xf]dsfGt rf}nfufO{,+
jL/]Gb| yklnof, jf;' b]jsf]6f, gf/fo0f
kf}8]n, ab|L k'g, b'uf{ yfkf, lbg]z
lqkf7L, jf;' 9sfn, ;x]s ljZjsdf{,
ab|Lk|;fb lzjfsf]6L, /d]z k|;fO{,+ cd[t
v/]n, Cife kf08], ;xb]j rf}w/L,
b]j]Gb|s'df/ /;fOnL, cg'kf yfkf,
lbkss'df/ e§/fO{nufot 5g\ .
– k|j]z yfkf, k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
d'n's===
;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbL ljutb]lv lg/Gt/ ToxL
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] dfu ub}{5 . p;n]
!! dlxg] cjlwdf p7fPsf gful/s
;jf]R{ rtf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / kl5Nnf]
r/0fdf zflGt / ;+ljwfg aGg] s'/fsf]
Uof/]G6L ug'{kg]{ dfuk|lt pbf;Lg /x]/
;+ljwfg;efk|lt s]lGb|t /xg' g]kfnL
pvfg sfd s'/f] Psflt/, s'Dnf] af]sL
l7dLlt/ eGg] s'/fnfO{ rl/tfy{ ub{5 .
clxn] dfwj g]kfnnfO{ /fhLgfdf eGg]
zAb g} c;lxi0f' nfUg yfn]sf] 5 .
o;/L lbgk|ltlbg s'/f km]b}{ s';L{sf]
hf] x f] ug] { ;Qf kIfsf] k| j [ l Qn]
;d:ofsf] k| d ' v ;+ s ] t sf ¿kdf
b]lvPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] /fhgLlts
lgsf;sf nflu :ki6 /flv;s]sf] s'/f
k| w fgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf xf] . km] l /
cfk\mgf] /fhLgfdf lbg]tkm{ s]Gb|Lt
geP/ dfwj g]kfnsf] s';L{ hf]ufpg]
gofF of]hgf ktgsf] af6f] xf] . h'g
of]hgf ;/f;/ unt 5 . To;}n] jftf{
/ ;+jfbsf] ljifo ca afFsL g} 5}g .
k| l tkIfn] cfk\ m gf] dfu :ki6
/flv;s] s f] cj:yfdf ;QfkIfn]
To;af/] cfk\mgf] wf/0ff :ki6 ug'{ g}
/fhgLlts lgsf;sf] af6f] xf] . t/,
;/sf/ k"/} g}ltstfljxLg alg;s]sf]
5 . ;/sf/n] lgsf;sf] af6f]eGbf
k| l tufdL of] h gfx¿dfkm{ t \ s' ' ; L{ d }
dnhn ul//fv] s f] 5, h;n]
sfnfGt/df d'ns ' nfO{ eLif0f d'7e]8df
n}hfg] lglZrt 5 . t/, k|wfgdGqL
g]kfnn] s'Des0f{ ¿kwf/0f u/]sf 5g\
/ oxL k|lqmof sfod} /x] of] pgsf] ktgsf]
af6f] x'g hfg]5 .
dfcf]jfbLn] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
nflu ckgfPsf] nrstfsf] k|of;n]
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo tyf d'ns ' leq klg
ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f agfpFb} nu]sf]
5 . p;sf] cfGbf] n g /x/ geP/
afWotf xf] eGg] s' / f hgtfn]
a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . olta]nf hgdtsf]
sb/ gug]{nfO{ Oltxf;n] w]/} 6f9f
ws]Ng] lglZrt 5 . To;}n] dfwj
g] k fn, ;' h ftf sf] O /fnf, ljho
uR5] b f/nufotsf s' ; L{ d f] x Lx¿n]
;dosf] k|jfxnfO{ lrGg' cfjZos
5 . h gtfsf] cledtnfO{ ;' G g'
cTofjZos 5 . gq hgtfn] afn'jf
k]n/] t]n glg:sg] s'/f a'lem;s]sf 5g\,
t]nsf] lglDt tf]/Lsf] cfjZostf ePsf]
pgLx¿n] dx;'; ul/;s]sf 5g\ Tof]
eg]sf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL xf] .
o;} a Lr, PsLs[ t g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLn] h]7 !$ ut] ePsf] tLg
a'Fb] ;xdltnfO{ ;Qf?9 bn g]kfnL
sfFu|]; / g]skf Pdfn]n] ckJofVof
u/]sf] eGb} cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf]6Z] j/ k]l/;8fF8fdf
a;]sf] :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sn] tLg
a'Fb] ;xdltsf qmddf kfFr lbgleq
k| w fgdGqL dfwjs' d f/ g] k fnn]
/fhLgfdf ug]{ egL cgf}krfl/s ;xdlt
h' 6 ] s f] eP klg sfF u | ] ; –Pdfn]
;xdltaf6 kl5 x6] s f] lgisif{
lgsfn] s f] 5 . a} 7 sn] sfF u | ] ; –
Pdfn] n ] dfcf] j fbLnfO{ cnUofP/
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gug]{ kIfdf
nfu] s f] cf/f] k ;d] t nufPsf] 5 .
;Qf?9 bnx¿n] dfcf] j fbLsf]
nlrnf]kgnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fg]sf] eGb}
;xdlt pn+ 3 g ug{ ;/sf/nfO{
c;xof]u ug{ dfcf]jfbLn] hgfPsf]
5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf bdgsf/Lx¿nfO{
;/sf/n] ljleGg lje"if0f tyf kbsn]
;Ddfg u/] s f] d f a} 7 sn] cfklQ
hgfPsf] k| j Stf lbgfgfy zdf{ n ]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pQm a}7skl5
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn
‘k| r 08’af6 hf/L k| ] ; jStJodf
elgPsf] 5– ;xdltsf] cefjdf
cj?4, ;+ljwfg / zflGt lgdf{0f
k|lqmofnfO{ ;xdltsf cfwf/df cufl8
a9fpg] gofF ;dembf/Lsf] cf/De laGb'
dflgPsf] oxL h]i7 !$ ut]sf] tLg a'Fb]
;xdltsf] dd{ / efjgfdfly g]sfF /
Pdfn]af6 uDeL/ s'7/f3ft ePsf] 5 .
tLg a'Fb] ;xdltsf] ckJofVof u/]/
hgtfsf] ck]Iffdfly k|xf/ ub}{ cfP/
cGttM g]sfF / Pdfn]n] ;xdltsf nflu
kfFr lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf
lbg] clnlvt ;demfbf/LnfO{ tf]8]/
/fhg}lts a]OdfgL / cg}ltstfsf]
csf]{ gUgtf k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . o;
;Gbe{sf] cfwf/e"t / k|d'v k|Zg
k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf geP/ j:t'tM
;xdltsf cfwf/df zflGt / ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fdf cufl8 a9\g] jf ga9\g] eGg]
g} xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] ut;fnb]lv g]sfF
/ Pdfn]sf] /a}ofnfO{ ;xdlt, zflGt
/ ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL /a}ofsf ¿kdf ub}{
cfPsf] v08g, cfnf]rgfnfO{ tLg a'Fb]
;xdltsf] pNn+3gn] yk k'li6 dfq
u/] s f] 5 . g] k fnL hgtfn]
lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf]
¿kdf ;+ljwfg;efdf k7fPsf] xfd|f]
PsLs[ t g] k fn sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ -
dfcf] j fbL_nfO{ cnUofpg] k| o Tg
cfkm}Fdf zflGt, ;+ljwfg / kl/jt{g
lj/f] w L rfnafhLafx] s c? s] x L
gePsf] tYo klg cfh emg\ 5n{ª
ePsf] 5 . xTof, cft+s, ckx/0f,
b08xLgtf / c/fhstfsf a]nufd
z[+vnf Pj+ dxFuL / e|i6frf/sf] gofF
‘sLlt{ d fg’ sfod u/] s f] jt{ d fg
;/sf/n] k|ltufdL lbzf ksl8/x]sf]
tYonfO{ hgcfGbf] n gsf
ck/fwLx¿nfO{ ;d]t lje'lift u/]/ yk
:ki6 u/] s f] 5 . ;xdlt /
kl/jt{glj?4 k|ltudg / oyfl:ylts}
kIfkf] i f0f ug] { jt{ d fg ;/sf/nfO{
lj/f]w / c;xof]u ug{] b]z / hgtfk|lt
xfd|f] lhDd]jf/Ls} Ps cleGg c+u x'g]
s'/f klg xfdL oxfF :ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}F .
of] l:yltdf xfd|f] kf6L{ hgtfsf] zflGt
/ kl/jt{ g sf] cfs+ f Iff Pj+ cd/
;lxbx¿sf] ;kgfk| l t
k" 0 f{ k | l ta4tf;lxt ;xdltsf
cfwf/df zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt
ug{ cfk\ m gf] cfGbf] n gnfO{ lg/Gt/
cufl8 a9fpg] b[9tf k|s6 ub{5 .
/fli6«o :jfwLgtf, hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf,
zflGt, ;+ljwfg / To;sf nflu /fli6«o
;+o'St ;/sf/ ;'lglZrt gx'Fbf;Dd
cfGbf] n gnfO{ x/t/xn] ;xof] u
k'¥ofpg xfd|f] kf6L{ b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Rrf
b]zeSt, u0ftGqjfbL Pj+ kl/jt{gsf
kIfw/ cfdhg;d' b fo;F u xflb{ s
clkn ub{5 .
/fli6«o====
To:t} /f]n v]Ng] PS6/x¿ 5g\ oxfF eg]
lkmNd s:tf] xf]nf < xfd|f] d'n'sdf
g]tfx¿n] Dofb yKb} hfg] / ;+ljwfg
lgdf{ 0 fsf] gfddf hgtfn] lt/] s f
s/x¿n] g]tfx¿n] 3fF; lsg]/ vfFb}
hfg] sfd dfq ug] { xf] ls eGg]
rl/tfy{sf] lgdf{0f x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
gfldlaofdf ;+ljwfg gag]sf] xfdLsxfF
klg To:t} @) jif{ ;+ljwfg agfO{ @)
jif{ Dofb yKb} hfg] / ;+ljwfgsf]
gfdsf hgtfsf s/n] 3fF; lsGb} /
vfFb} hfg] xf] ls Sof xf] <
hgtfnfO{ g9fF6L ePsf] tLg bnLo
/ tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf] xf] . s'g
cl3 / s'g kl5 gegL klxnf /fli6«o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g u/L To;kl5
zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ ;fy{s lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg o; ;DaGwdf afFsL sfdx¿
cljnDa sfof{Gjogtkm{ nfUg tLg}
bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ cfu|x 5 . s;}n]
klg s;}k|lt cljZjf;sf] vf8n
gvGg cfu|x ub}{ b]znfO{ gfldlaof /
;f]dflnof agfpg kfOFb}g . g]tfx¿sf]
nf]nL / af]nLsf] 7]ufg gx'g] xf] eg]
oxfF åGåsf] csf]{ ljsNk g} 5}g .
k| w fgdGqL dfwjs' d f/ g] k fnn]
;xdlt ePsf] kfFr lbgleq} /fhLgfdf
lbg] df}lvs ;xdlt ePsf] xf] eg]
pxfFn] /fhLgfdf lbg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk
g} x'Gg . To;sf/0f g]tfx¿n] ;a}n]
cf–cfk\mgf] 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ b]znfO{
åGåaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg h?/L /x]sf]
cfdgful/ssf] rfxgf 5 . of]
d'n'snfO{ jsfnt ug]{ ynf] gagfpg
/ ljb]zLsf] Ozf/fdf PS6/ gaGg
cfu|x ub}{ ;xdltaf6 yk]sf Ps
jif{nfO{ km]l/ klg ^)! ;ef;b\x¿n]
eQf dfq vfg] ynf] gagfpg cfu|x
ub}{ /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/sf] u7g
cljnDa u/L ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{df
nfUb} b] z nfO{ P] l txfl;s
hgcfGbf] n gsf] hgfb] z cg' ¿ ksf]
zflGtk"0f{ ;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofo
k|f/De ug{ ;a};Fu cfu|x 5 . ;xsfo{
ubf{ zflGtk| l qmofnfO{ lgisif{ d f
k'¥ofpg tLg} bnsf g]tf tyf ;fgf
bnsf ;a} g] t fx¿ a;] / b] z nfO{
åGåaf6 lgsf; lbg s] ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5,
To;nfO{ a;] / a' F b fut¿kdf
sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] / tL ;a} s'/fx¿
hgtfsf dfem k:sFb} v'nf lstfasf]
¿kdf hgtfx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;';l" rt ub}{
hgtfsf] ;d]t /fo / k/fdz{ lnO{
nf]stflGqs 9+uaf6 gofF ;+ljwfgsf]
lgdf{0f u/L b]z / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;'lglZrttf, cfu|ufdL
/fhgLlts lgsf;, k' g ;{ + / rgf /
cfly{ s , ;fdflhs, ;f+ : s[ l ts
¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;a} kIf ldn]/ hfg'sf]
ljsNk /xF b } g . b] z nfO{ ;z:q
åGåaf6 hf] u fpg ;a} ;+ j ] b gzLn
aGg}k5{ . ;Qfsf] nf]eL oL bn tyf
g]tfx¿n] b]znfO{ s:tf] lgsf; lbg]
x'g,\ xfdL cfdg]kfnL hgtf bz{s eP/
x]l//x]sf 5f}F . ;Qf / eQfdf /dfpg]
g] t fx¿nfO{ of] klg ;r] t u/fpg
rfxG5f} F ls ef] l n klg tkfO{ + x ¿
ˆ7
o'jf x's
“ f/ ;fu/ kGt
km]l/ gfl·Psf] ;/sf/
g]kfnL hgtf nfdf] ;dob]lv d'n'ssf] cu|ufdL ¿kfGt/0fsf] nflu n8\b}
cfPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do ;fdGtjfbL zfxL;Qfsf] cGTo eO{ u0ftGq 3f]if0ff
ePsf] 5 . en}, d'n's gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf x'gfn] k|fKt u0ftGq
;+:yfut ug{ eg] afFsL g} 5 . d'n's Ps o'usf] cGTo;Fu} gofF csf]{ o'udf
k|j]z u/]kl5 ;a} g]kfnL hghgsf] dgdl:tisdf /fHoJoj:yf ¿kfGt/0f
ePsf] dx;'; u/]sf lyP . t/, lj8Dagf /fHosf] afu8f]/ ;DxfNg]x¿sf] Jojxf/
/ dfgl;stfdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] /x]g5 . o;sf] k'li6 u0ftGq :yfkgfkl5
klxnf] k6s 3f]lift ‘u0ftflGqs lje'if0f / kbs’ ljt/0f ug]{ ;/sf/L /a}ofn]
u/]sf] 5 . k~rfotsfnLg z}nLsf] x'ax' gSsn u/]/ u0ftflGqs elgg] ;/sf/
cufl8 a9\g vf]Hg' lj8Dagf xf] . hgtfsf] kl/jt{gk|ltsf] rfxgfnfO{ /f]Sg
vf]Hg] hgtfsf zq'x¿ -h;sf] gfd pNn]v ug{ klg 3LgnfU5_ nfO{ u0ftflGqs
elgg] ;/sf/n] 5fgL5fgL lje"lift ug'{ hghgsf] ckdfg t x'Fb} xf], Tof]eGbf
a9\tf ckdfg t u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] qmddf ;fxbt k|fKt ug]{ tL jL/ ;lxbx¿sf]
ePsf] 5 .
u0ftGq / nf]stGqsf] lj?4 cfk\mgf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm / kx'Fr k|of]u ug]{x¿nfO{
lje"lift ug]{ lg0f{o u/]/ jt{dfg ;/sf/n] cfk\mgf] c;nL¿k 5n{Í kf/]sf] 5 .
k6s–k6s hglj/f]wL sbd cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/k|lt o;
36gfn] hgcfqmf]z emg} a9fPsf] 5 . oltv]/ lje"lift ug{ ;/sf/n] 5fg]sf]
s]xL kfqx¿ b]Vbf ;a}eGbf a9L kL8f nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{
ePsf] 5 . h;n] nf]stGq / u0ftGq :yflkt u/fpg cfk\mgf] kl/jf/ u'dfP .
tL ;lxb kl/jf/sf] ckdfg u/]/ jt{dfg ;/sf/ hg3ftL k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
sxLF, s;}n] Ifdf lbg g;Sg] lg0f{o ug]{ ;/sf/nfO{ hgtfsf] gh/df Ps
;]s]G8 klg s';L{df a:g] clwsf/ 5}g . x'g t hglj/f]wLx¿sf] u7hf]8df
ag]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/af6 hgtfn] cfk"mcg's"nsf] lg0f{osf] cfzf t u/]sf
lyPgg\ g} . lj:tf/jfbL zf;ssf] tfndf rn]sf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] dfwj g]kfn
g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/af6 hglj/f]wL xs{t x'g' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f eg] xf]Og . dfcf]jfbLn]
eGb} cfPsf] l/df]6 sG6«f]naf6 rNg] jt{dfg ;/sf/ l/df]6 sG6«f]nlagf
xnrn;Dd klg ug{ g;Sbf]/x]5 eGg] tYo k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL hgtfsf] x/]s cu|ufdL ;f]rdf afws aGb} cfPsf] dfwj g]kfn
g]t[Tjsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ b'lgofFdf s;}nfO{ kfRo gx'g] u/L cufl8 a9\g
vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] dxTjk"0f{ d'2f zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf
afws alg/x]sf] of] ;/sf/n] x/]s cu|ufdL ¿kfGt/0fsf] ultnfO{ /f]Sg] afwssf]
e"ldsf hf]8tf]8n] v]ln/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] s7\k'tnL ;/sf/nfO{ sfFw yfk]/
d'n's s]xL cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . o;sf] cGTo u/L /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/
l56f]eGbf l56f] u7g x'g h?/L 5 . of] ;/sf/n] cfk\mgf] b'O{ jif{df ;+ljwfg
hf/L gug]{ cfk\mgf] of]hgf t ;kmn kf/]sf] 5 . oxL ;/sf/ /flv/x]/ casf]
Ps jif{ klg To;} v]/ kmfNg glbg klg of] ;/sf/ l56f]eGbf l56f] lj36g x'g
h?/L 5 . ;lxbsf] rfxgf k"/f u/fpg afws alg/x]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lsg
kfNg] < hghgsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm vf]Hg ;a} b]zdf u0ftflGqs zlQmx¿
Psh'6 x'g ca l9nf eO;s]sf] 5 . panta_sagar@yahoo.com
8'd ;d'bfodf ufp“ lsga]r ug{] k/Dk/f
sf7df8f}F . 3/hUuf vl/b–laqmL ;d'bfon] tf]s]sf] hl/jfgf ltg{'k5{ .
x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f] xf], t/ s;}n] ufpF g} pSt ;d'bfosf] hl/jfgf klg crDdsf]
lsga] r u5{ g \ eGg] ;' G bf crDd x'G5 . 8'd ;d'bfosf k"/} ufpFnfO{ ;'uF /'
nfU5 . blntdWo] clt lk5l8Psf 8'd
;d'bfodf of] k/Dk/f nfdf] ;dob]lv
sf6]/ ef]h ug{'k5{– 8f]klt dl/s
elG5g\ . of] k/Dk/fsf] yfngL
rNb} cfPsf] 5 . of] k/DKf/fnfO{ l;/xf slxn]bl] v ePsf] xf] eGg] olsg geP
lhNnfdf /x]sf 8'd ;d'bfosf dflg;n] klg afh]a/fh'sf] kfnfb]lv rNb}cfPsf]
clxn] klg hLjGttf lbFb} cfO/x]sf uLtf dlns atfpFl5g\ . h;/L hUuf
5g\ . uf9f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= vl/blaqmL ubf{ sfg'gL k|lqmof k"/f
@ a:g] n6\6' dlnsn] cf7 dlxgf ug{k' 5{ To;}u/L ufpF lsGbf / a]Rbf sfg'g
cufl8 pk]Gb| dlnsaf6 @) xhf/
Joj;foLaf6 sfuhL tyf sfg' g L
¿k}ofFdf rsbx ufpF lsg]sf] 5 . sl/a k|lqmof k"/f ul/G5 . lsg]sf] ufpFaf6
kfFr xhf/ hg;+Vof /x]sf] rsbx cfDbfgLsf] d'Vo ;|ft] g} eg]sf] afF;af6
ufpFdf dlnsn] dfq afF;af6 lgld{t lgld{t ;fdfg laqmL ubf{sf] cfo,
9fsL, gfª\nf], sf]lgofF, k+vfnufotsf ef]het]/, d[To', ljjfxh:tf pT;jaf6
;fdfg laqmL ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf 5g\ x' g ] cfDbfgL / blIf0ff xf] – n6\ 6 '
– uf9f–@ sf ef]nf dlns eG5g\ . eG5g\ . l;/xf lhNnfdf b'O{ xhf/sf]
cfkm" n ] lsg] s f] rsbx ufpF d f xf/fxf/Ldf 8'd ;d'bfo /x]sf 5g\ /
ef]het]/, ljjfx, d[To', k"hfkf7 eof] eg] pgLx¿n] Psb]lv b'O{ jf tLgj6f
To;df cfjZos kg{] tL ;fdfg a]Rg / ufpF;Dd lsGg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltko 8'd
blIf0ff lng] clwsf/ pgnfO{ 5 . l6df ;d'bfosf dflg;n] hLjg wfGg g;s]/
dlns eG5g\– c? 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ cfk"mn] lsg]sf] ufpF rfF8} c?nfO{ a]Rg]
8'd cfP/ cfk"mn] lsg]sf] ufpFdf s'g} u/]sf 5g\ .
;fdfg a]Rg kfpFbg} , olb a]rd] f 8'd gjLg lg/j kf}8o\ fn, k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
lgjf{rgdf hfg] xf] ls xf]Og < ca lbg;Dd oL g] t fx¿ s–s;sf]
hgtfn] tkfO{+x¿sf] oxL /a}ofnfO{ s7\k'tnL ag]/ slt lbg;Dd gfRg]
csf]{ lgjf{rgdf leQfdf gk'¥ofcf];\ x'g\ Tof] ;don] atfpg]5 .
eGg] xfd| f ] rfxgf xf] . x] / f} + slt -n]vs jl/i7 ;'/Iffljb\ x'g'x'G5 ._
n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf
o; ;fKtflxsdf k|sfzgfy{ ;flxlTos ;fdu|L / /fhgLlts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs, dgf]/~hg,
v]ns'bnufot;Tu ;DalGwt /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o dxTjsf n]v,
/rgf Pj+ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo dxTjsf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L / tl:j/x¿
pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ / /rgfx¿ k|sflzt ug]{ gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/
;Dkfbsdf lgxLt x'g5 ] . k|sflzt gePsf ;fdu|Lx¿ lkmtf{ gul/g]
ePsfn] cfk"m;Fu d"nk|lt /fv]/ dfq k7fpg'xf]nf .
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
afuahf/, sf7df8f},+ kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com
ˆ8
ljdltsf aLr k]lrnf] ;xdltsf] ofqfdf dlxnf ;ef;b\x¿sf] ;/fxgLo e"ldsf
ladltdf aiff}{+ lat] ;xdltsf]
cf;f dfl/Pg . ;dosf] OsfO{
dlxgfsf] cfsf/df v:Sof] k]ml/ klg
lg/f; eOPg . ;+lawfg 3f]if0ff sf]
lbgulGt (Count down) ;'? eof] /
klg w}o{tfsf] af"w 6'6]g . ;xdltsf]
vf]lhnfO{ lg/Gt/ /fVg] ;xdlt ePsf]
vj/n] klg t} st} rdTsf/ e}xfN5
ls t eg]/ w}o{ wf/0f ug{ 5f8]gg\ .
hj sfpG68fpg ;'Go lbgdf em¥of] .
laxfg * ah] a:g] eg]sf] a}7s a:g}
g;ls /ft k¥of] Aoj:yflksf
;+;bejgsf] x}l;ot u'dfpg} nfu]sf]
jL/]Gb| cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| leq
ef]6 xfNg a;]sf / pQm s]Gb| jl/k/L
bjfad" n s sfo{ q md, wgf{ tyf
cfd/0f cg;gdf a;]sf dg'jfx?sf]
d'6'df 9Øf+u|f] yfNof] . st} ;+lawfg
;efsf] sfo{ef/ cw'/} /fv]/ o;sf]
Olt>L ul/g} nfu]sf] t xf]O{g < olb
To;f]xf] eg] t of] l:ytL w]/} lsl;dn]
clgi6sf/L x'G5 . of] s'/fn] ljleGg
kf6L{ a f6 Aj:yflksf ;+ ; bdf
k|ltlglwTj ul/ /xg'ePsf dlxnf
;f+;bx?nfO{ 7"n} em6\sf nfu]5 /
;+ ; bsf] a} 7 s a:g gkfp" b }
gf/fafhLsf] ;fydf /f]i6d 3]/fp ug{
k'Ug' eof] . o; kl/36gfnfO{ d}n]
Hofb} dxTjk"0f{?kdf lnPsf]5' . x/]s
lrhsf] ;xgl;ntfsf] l;df x' g ]
ub{ 5 . bjasf] l;df kf/u/] k l5
la:kmf] 6 caZo+ e fjL5 . bjfa
y]Ug;Sg] cj:yf;Dd dfgj dlitisn]
klg ;x]/ a:5 . c;}H"o eP kl5 s'g}
g s'g} ?kdf Tof] aflx/ b]vf kb{5 .
oxf" ;xdlt gx' G h] n dlxnf
;f+;bHo'x?sf] nuftf/ gf/fafhLsf]
?kdf b]lvof] . gf/fx?df cfˆcfˆgf
cfu|xx?sf] leGgtf 5n{Ë} b]lvP tf
klg, k|:t'ltsf] efj e+uLdf km/s
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf k'ghf{u/0fsf] cfjZostf
l8NnL/fh kf} 8 ] n
7" n f] /fhgLlts ptf/–
r9fjkZrft g] k fnL /fhgLltsn]
;s/fTdfs sf] N 6f] km] / ] s f] 5 .
csNkgLo ljklQsf] ;+3f/af6 d'ns ' n]
d'lStsf] qf0f k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . oBlk
d'ns' n] j}wflgs ;+s6af6 kf/ nfu]
tfklg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ /l:tof
;ËNk eg] k"/f x'g afFsL 5 . pSt
;ËNk k"/f ug{sf] lglDt ;xdltsf]
lg/Gt/tf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] cfs{
dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] xf] . ;'Gbf p:t} nfu]
tfklg /fhgLlts k|0ffnL / k|lqmof k"0f{
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com, sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
b]lvP tf klg dlxnf ;f+;bx?sf]
lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf] txnfO{ d ;Ddfg ug{
rfxG5' . oLg} x/kmx? dfk{mt elejfbg
ug{ rfxG5' . en} gf/Lx?nfO{ xf]Rofpg]
lkt[ ; QfTds lrGtgsf wlg s] l x
k'?if?n] o;nfO{ kf]yL af;]sf], ufp"n]
k|al[ Q ;+;bleq k|jz
] u/]sf] cflb e]g/]
cfk\ m gf] c;nL cg' x f/ b] v f' g
EofO{xfn] .
Toxf" ;xdltsf] nflu s'g s'g
g]tfx?n] s] s:tf] bjfasf] ;fdgf
ul//xg k/]sf] lyof] / ;xdltsf] cy{,
cf}lrTo / dxTj s] slt dfqfdf
;f/ule{t x'g ;SbYof] jf ;Sb}gYof]
eg]/ s'g kIf slt lrGfu|:t lyof] Tof]
5'§} d'Nof+sgsf] laifox'g ;Sb5 . t/
d'n'snfO{ oyf l:ytLdf /fVg 6'lKk
b]lv k}tfnf ;Ddsf] an nufO{/x]sf]
b"/lgoGqsåf/f ;+rflnt s7k'tnL
g]=sf=, Pdfn] P08 sDkgL ;/sf/,
jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts'n agfP/ kmfO{bf
lng 9' s ] / a;] s f 3f] / blIf0fkGyL
zlQmx? / bzaif]{ dxfg\ hgo'4 tyf
!( lbg] hgcfGbf] n gsf dxfg\
pknlAwx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ hgtfsf]
;+l3o u0ftGqsf] cu|ufdL af6f]x'"b}
PsfOzf}+ ;tflAbLsf] dxfg\,uf}/jzfnL
tyf ;d[4 gof" g]kfn lgdf{0fsf]dxfg\
v;|f s'/f
cleofgdf k| l ta4 P=g] = s=kf=-
dfcf] a fbL_ lar laBdfg r/d
ladltsf] laraf6 ;xdlt h'6fpg] s'/f
cfk}mdf cToGt hl6n /x]sf] s'/fdf
b'O{dt x'g} ;Sb}g . ;do hlt hlt
glhls"b} lyof] kl/l:ytL Tolt Tolt
;+lug aGb} lyof] . #)÷#@ ldg6 af"ls
5"bf ;xdltsf] xNnf rNof] . sfpG6
km/s ljifo x'g,\ /fhgLlt Pp6f l;Íf]
k|0ffnL -cfTdf_ xf] / k|lqmof To;sf]
:j¿k dfq xf] . xfdL cfTdfnfO
lal;{P/ :j¿kdf olt w]/} clNemof}F ls
dfgf}F :j¿kn] cfTdf lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] .
cyf{t\ ;jf]Q
{ d k|0ffnLsf] sfo{Gjog ug{
unt k|lqmofsf] pkh lyof] . tTsfnLg
/fhgLlt ult/f] w . xf/sf] kL8f /
hLtsf] 3d08sf] kf/fsfi6f lyof]
ult/f]w / k|lqmofnfO{ cj?4 kfg]{ bDe,
3d08 / k|jl[ Qsf] HjnGt pbfx/0f lyof]
ult/f]w . To;}n] cfhsf] ;jfn eg]sf]
/fhg}lts k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
8fpgsf] l8:Kn] l8lh6df #@ ldg6
b]lvPsf] a]nf ;efd"v Ho'sf] cf;g
u| x 0f eof] . cf} k rfl/stfx?
cl3a9] . cGttM ;+ l awfg ;efn]
hLjg kfof] . o; k|s[ofdf w]/} kIfsf]
ljleGg k|sf/ / k|s[ltsf e"ldsf]
/x]sf]df ;a}sf] ;xdlt/xnf t/ of]
l;¨f] k| s [ o f cjlwdf dlxnf
lef;bx?n] v]N' ePsf] e"sfsf] 5'§}
dxTj/x]sf] 5 eGg] d}n] 7fg]sf]s5' .
;xdlt h] h;/L h'6fO{Psf] eP klg
;+lawfg ;efnfO{ arfpg ;Sg' Hofb}
7"nf] pknlAw xf] . o;sf] nflu xfdL
;a} n ] ;Gtf] lng kfPsf5f} + . t/
;xdltsf tLg a' " b fdf ul/Psf]
x:tfIf/sf] dl; ;'Sg gkfp"b} k'gM
ljdltsf :j/x? u' G hg yfln
;s]sf5g\ . of] cfZro{sf] s'/f geP
klg tkfO{+ xfd|f] lrGtfsf] laifo caZo
xf] . tkfO{+ xfd|f] bjfan] hf]luPsf]
;+ljwfg ;efn] kfPsf] Ps aif{sf]
cjlw k]ml/ klg l3g nfUbf ;+;lbo
kmf]x/L v]nsf] l;sf/ aGof] / ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f sfo{df afwf k'Uof] eg] Tolt a]nf
xfdLn] hgtfnfO{ s] hjfkm lbg ;S5f}+
xf]nf < s]jn Ps aif{sf] nflu hflu/
yKg of]ubfg k'¥ofP/ cf?g} lxt u/]sf]
eGbf a9L s] ul/Psf] 7xnf{ / . kmls{P/
u0f] z a'nf]
/l~ht xgL
9fdu/
hgtfsf] lardf s'g g}ltsfn] hfg] <
oL Hofb} lgd{d k|Zgx'g\ . o;sf] ;fdgf
ug{ ;xh 5}g . t;y{ xfdL h'g h'g
kf6L{af6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5f}+ tL kf6L{
leq klg y'k}| hl6ntfx? 5g\ . ltgsf]
klg ljj]slzn Aoj:yfkg ug}{ kg]5{ .
;fy} ;+lawfg ;efsf] dlxnf ;b:osf]
x}l;otn] hgtf k|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf !$
cy{df km]l/ klg ToxLF unt k|jl[ QnfO{
;F u } 8f] ¥ ofpg x' F b } g . unt k| j [ l Q
cj;/jfbL lrGtgsf] pkh xf] /
cj;/jfb k|0ffnL / k|lqmofaLrsf]
SofG;/ xf] . cj;/jfb s'g} gLlt, ljlw
/ k4ltåf/f kl/rflnt x'bF g} a? JolSt
jf ;d"xsf] lgxLt :jfy{ k"/f ug{ s'g}
klg c;xh kl/j]zdf o;n] cfk\mgf]
rl/q k|bz{g ub{5 . t;y{ casf] gofF
kl/j]zdf unt /fhg}lts k|j[lQsf]
cGTo ub} { ;xdtLo /fhg} l ts
;+ : sf/sf] ljsf; u/] / /fhg} l ts
k'ghf{u/0fsf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 .
gofF /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf ;/sf/sf]
lj36g, k'gu{7g, dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf]
Jojxfl/s ;dfof]hg / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
sfo{nfO{ ;dodf ;DkGg ug{] cfhsf
d'Vo ljifo x'g\ . jt{dfg /fhgLlts
lgsf; / ;+jw} lgs ;+s6af6 arfpg
bnx¿aLr ePsf] ;xdlt / ;/sf/
k|dv' n] gofF / pRr:t/Lo ;xdltsf]
lglDt u/]sf] dfu{kz | :tnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbFb} lg0ff{os agfpg' bnx¿sf] st{Jo
xf] . lgs6 eljiod} lj36g x'bF } u/]sf]
jt{dfg lj36g / gofF Pj+ pRr:t/Lo
;xdltsf] / :tLo ;/sf/sf] u7g
s;}sf] xf/ / hLteGbf a9L d'ns ' sf]
cfjZostf xf] . jt{dfg ;/sf/sf]
h;/L bnx¿n] ;+jw} flgs ;lGgs6sf]
;dodf ;xdlt u/]/ d'ns ' nfO b'36{ gf
x' g af6 arfO p;} u/L jt{ d fg
ult/f]wnfO{ lgsf; lbFb} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
sfo{nfO{ k"/f ug{ cfufdL ;/sf/sf] u7g
j:t' u t cfjZostfsf cfwf/df
ul/g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] cfkm}dF f ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f ub}g{ t/ ;xdtLo jftfj/0fsf]
lgdf{0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng
;Sb5 . ;/sf/sf] :j¿k dfq xf]Og,
z}nL klg ;xdtLo x'g' cfjZos 5 .
To;} n ] jt{ d fg ljlz:6 kl/j] z df
;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj 6fpsf / kv'/fsf
cfwf/df xf] O g s' z n g] t [ T jbfoL
JolStTjn] dfq k|bfg ug{ ;Sb5 . of]
o:tf] g]t[Tj xf];\, h;n] d'n'snfO{
cfjZostf k/]sf] ;dodf cfk"mnfO{
kf6L{ /fhgLlt / Ifl0fs nfeaf6 dfly
p7fP/, l;+ u f] /fhgLlt hLjgnfO{
/fi6«lxtsf] lglDt bfpdf /fVg ;sf];\ .
] , l8NnLahf/, lkknaf]6 glhs}, kmf]gM $$$%%@)
ut]sf] gfO{6 zf] dfk{mt xfdL cfk}mn] lgs}
dxTjk"0f{ 9+un] a9fPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f]
;s[otf hflu/ hf]ufpg] k|of; dfq xf]Og{
a? d'n'snfO{ hgrfxgf cg';f/sf]
;fj{ e f} d hgtfåf/f 5flgPsf
k|ltlglwx?sf] ;s[o ;xeflutfdf
agfO{Psf] hg ;+ljwfg lbnfpg] g} xf]
eg]/ Jojxfl/s ?kdf g} k'li6 u/]/
b]vfpg' kg]{ r'gf}tL xfdL cfk}mn] v8f
u/]sf 5f}+ . o; hgtfsf] ;+l3o u0ftGq
g] k fnsf] ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf]
dxfcleofgdf cf?gf ;a}
;xsdL{x?sf] ;d]t hf"u/ hufp"b} ;do
cufj} hgrfxgf cg'?ksf] ;+ljwfg
lbnfpg nflu kg' { x x' g ] 5 / g] k fn
cfdfsf >]i7td 5f]/Lx?sf] ?kdf
cfk' m nfO{ :yflkt ug' { x ' g ] 5 eGg]
ljZjf;sf ;fy k]ml/ klg Psrf]6L
clejfbg ub{5' .
g]tfx¿ w]/} x'G5g\ / cfk\mgf] kf6L{sf]
g]tf cjZo x'G5g\ t/ /fli6«o g]tfsf]
¿kdf :yflkt x'g ;Sg] g]tf cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] . ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f;Fu}
;+ljwfgsf cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ cfufdL ;/sf/sf] klxnf] st{Jo
xf] . Odfgsf] /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg]
bnx¿sf] lglDt of] clUgk/LIffsf] 38L
xf] . dfcf]jfbLx¿ klg ;]gfnfO{ 9fn
agfP/ bL3{ s fnLg /fhgLlt ug{
;Sb} g g\ . nf] s tGqdf k| j ] z
ul/;s] k l5 / hgtfsf] dt u| x 0f
ul/;s] k l5 hgdtnfO{ ;] g fsf]
afbnn] 5]Sg x'bF g} . plrt dfkb08
lgwf{/0f u/L j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s¿kdf
;] g fsf] ;dfof] h g u/ . ;] g f
dfcf]jfbLsf eP klg gful/s g]kfnsf
x'g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;}lgs ;DdfgeGbf
gful/s ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ cfhsf]
cfjZostf / /fHosf] bfloTj;d]t xf] .
dfcf] j fbLn] /fHo;+ r fng ug{ ]
k|lta4tfsf cfwf/df hgtfsf] dt
lnO;s]kl5 ltg} hgtfsf] ;DklQ x8kL
/fVg' /fhgLltseGbf aflx/sf] ljifo
xf] . cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] cGTo x'g
h?/L 5 cfly{s ;dfgtf lgdf{0f ug]{
7]Ssf dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq xf]Og . casf]
;jfn eg]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf ;]gfnfO{
;Demf}tfsf cfwf/df /fHon] kfnL /fVg]
xf]Og a? /fHosf] d"n k|jfxdf NofP/
gful/ssf] x}l;otn] /fHok|ltsf] st{Jo
k"/f ug{' xf] . j}1flgs cfof]u lgdf{0f
u/]/ hgtfsf] n'l6Psf] lghL ;DklQ
lkmtf{ ug{ :jo+ dfcf]jfbLn] OR5f zlSt
/ /fHon] kxn ug'{ kb{5 . hxfF;Dd
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;jfn 5, ;+ljwfgsf
cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO;s]sf
5g\ . afFsL /x]sf] ;+3Lotfsf] lgdf{0fsf]
ljifonfO{ /fli6«o ax;dfkm{t\ to
ul/g'k5{ . 3f]if0ffkq bnsf] cfGtl/s
ljifo xf] . ;+3Lotf /fli6«o dxTjsf] ljifo
ePsfn] cfjZos k/] hgdtsf]
cfwf/df ;d]t o;sf] to ug{'k5{ .
pk/f]St ljifodf bn3x¿sf] OR5fzlSt
/ k|lta4tf x'g] xf] eg] ;+ljwf ;dodf
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 / hgtfsf rfxgf
clg /fli6«o cfjZostf k"/f g]kfnL
/fhgLltdf k'ghf{u/0f Nofpg ;lsG5 .
@)^&sf=;fn
lh= k|h]
= 7sf= @#
b= g+ut] cfOtaf/
= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
;do–;Gbe{
Pd= nfld5fg] ‘d·n’
l;+xb/af/sf] ofqf k|fyldstf gkf/f}+
h]7 !$ ut] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb gylkP s] xf]nf, s;f] xf]nf < cfdg]kfnLn]
rf;f]sf] ;fy x]l//x]sf lyP . ‘wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg{ pBt’ ;d"xsf] h]–h:tf] ;f]r
/ of]hgf eP klg tLg bnLo tLg a'bF ] ;xdltn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' t a9fof] . t/,
;d:of Ho'sf To'F g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] d;L ;'Sg gkfpFb} pQm tLg a'bF ]
;xdltsf] km/s–km/s a'emfOn] w]/} g]kfnLx¿ cfZro{rlstdf k/]sf 5g\ . jt{dfgsf]
ult/f]w, cGof]n /fhg}lts Pj+ k|zf;lgs hl6ntf, b08xLgtfsf] lgsf; eg]sf] gofF
;+ljwfg agfpFbf;Ddsf] ;femf af6f]sf] lgsf; dfq xf] . pQm af6f] lgdf{0f eg]sf] /fli6«o
;xdlt / ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] ;/sf/ u7g xf] . To;afx]s csf]{ ljsNk gx'bF f–gx'bF } klg
b':;fx;k"js { cfk\mgf] :jfy{ dfq x]g{] xf] eg] jt{dfgdf k'gM h]7 !$ s} cj:yf cfpFbf
cem} b]z xfFS5' eGg' nHhf:kb ;f]rfO xf] . of]–of] gu/] ;/sf/d} ;o/ u5f}+{ eGg' gofF
;+ljwfg agfpFbg} f}F eGg' xf] . b]znfO{ ;w}F clg0f{osf] aGbL agfO{ wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg{
;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] ;f]rfOn] ;w}F kfgLnfO{ wldnf] agfO/fVg] xf] eg] ef]ln cfk"mn] klg ToxL
wldnf] kfgL vfg'kg]{ klg x'g hfG5 . To:t} csf]n { fO{ tfs]sf] uf]nL 7Ls 7fpFdf k/]g eg]
cfkm}tF km{ cfpg] klg x]Ssf /fVg}kb{5 . To;}n] jt{dfgdf ;xdtLo af6f]afx]s csf]{
pko'Qm lgsf; gx'bF f–gx'bF } klg ;/sf/ h;/L klg rN5 eGg] bDe ug]{ xf] eg] pN6f]
ultdf dfq rN5, ;'N6f] ultdf rNb}g .
ca t b]zn] lgsf; kfpnf ls eGg] ;f]r alg/x]s} a]nf lxpFb] clwj]zg
c;xdltaLrd} 6'lÍof] . k|ltkIfsf] cg'kl:yltd} 6'lÍPsf] of] clwj]zg hlt lg/fzfhgs
¿kdf ;dfkg eof], ca x'g] jif]{ clwj]zgn] klg gofF ;Gb]z b]nf egL glrtfP klg x'g]
eof] . u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ck]Iff ul/Pcg'¿ksf] ;+ljwfgsf d"n d'2fd} /x]sf ljdltx¿
k|:6 / ;femf¿kdf 6]an ' ul/Fbg} , ta;Dd cu|ufdL / k|ltufdLaLrsf] lsQf k|:6;Fu 5'l§g'
sl7g kb{5 . hgansf] bafadf xfdLx¿ klg cu|udgs} kIfkftLx¿ xf}F eGg] Jojxf/df
To;sf] 7Ls pN6f] ultn] lxF8g\ ] xf] eg] To;n] 7f]; lgsf; lbg ;Sb}g . h;/L dfwj
g]kfnn] k|:6;Fu cfk"m ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ hfgsf/L lbP,
To;/L g} c?c? klg ToxL af6f]df lxF8g\ x] ¿n] cfk\mgf] lsQf 5'6o\ fpg}kb{5 . 8fFsfx¿df
klg 8s}tL ubf{ s]xL g}lts lgod agfOPsf] x'G5 . aRrfaRrLsf] xTof gug],{ anfTsf/
gug]{ cflb . To:t} /fhgLlt ug]x{ ¿sf] klg g}lts lgod x'bF f] xf] . pgLx¿n] k|:6;Fu
eGg}kb{5, xfdL ;+ljwfg;efaf6 agfOg] k|ultzLn ;+ljwfg agfpg lbg]5g} f},F To;sf
ljkIfdf /x]sf 5f}F eg]/ . d'vdf /fd/fd aunLdf 5'/f eg] h;/L ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
s'/f ug]{ leqL Jojxf/df ;+ljwfg agfpg ljleGg xys08f k|of]u ub}{ /xg] xf] eg]
o;af6 g]kfnL hgtfn] ;f:tL kfpg'eGbf s]xL x'g] 5}g . To;}n] kIfudg / cu|udgsf
kIfw/x¿ cfk\mgf] lsQf ljefhgdf nfh dfGg' x'bF } x'bF g} . dfwj g]kfnh:tf] k|:6¿kdf
eGg ;Sg'kb{5 / ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] Jojxf/df pqFg} kb{5 . clxn]sf ;Qf ;dLs/0fleq
:jod\ of] ljefhg 5 g} . cf–cfk\mg} kf6L{leq klg To;af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg', klxrfg
ug'{ / cfk\mgf] ;TjnfO{ hLljt /fVg] k|oTg ug'{ Tolts} cfjZostf 5 .
k|dv ' k|ltkIf /fli6«o ;xdltsf] nflu clglZrtsfnLg cfdx8\tfn :ylut ug'b{ l] v
jt{dfgsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltdf x:tfIf/ u/]/ ;xdtLo /fhgLltnfO{ cem} sfof{Gjog u/fpg
lg/y{ssf] k|of;df nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . h;af6 cfk\mgf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lg/y{ssf] cNemf]df
/fVg'eGbf hgtfnfO{ b]zsf h'uF fx¿ sf]–sf] x'g,\ sf], sxfFaf6 kl/kf]lift 5g\ To;tkm{ hfgsf/L
u/pFb} cfk\mgf] ;+u7g agfpg' g} 7Ls /x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLdfly clxn]sf ;/sf/ / ltgsf
kIfkf]ifsaf6 nufOPsf cf/f]kx¿ jfOl;Pn e+u, sAhf ePsf ;DklQ lkmtf{, hg;]gfsf]
;+Vof lgwf{/0f cflb . o;af/]df jfOl;Pn Pp6f o'jf ;+u7g xf] . c? kf6L{n] klg cfk\mgf
o'jf ;+u7g lgdf{0f u/]s} 5g\ . Aof/]sdf a;] eGg] cfklQ xf] eg] jfOl;Pn Aof/]sdf a;]s}
5}g . ;fd"lxs a;]sf 5g\ eg] To;df cfklQ k|s6 ug'e{ Gbf To:t} k|sf/n] c? kf6L{n] klg
cfk\mgf o'js ;+u7gx¿nfO{ /fv] eOxfNof] . of] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s] afws eof] / <
To:t} sAhf ;DklQ lkmtf{ ;DaGwdf u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf s;}n] s;}sf] ;DklQ sAhf ug}{
kfpFbg} . To:t} uR5]eGbf a9L ;DklQ klg s;}n] hf]8g\ kfpFbg} . To;sf] af/]df ;/sf/L
;+oGq 5Fb5} . k|To]s jif{ ;DklQ ljj/0f lnOG5 . csf{sf] ;DklQ s;}n] hah{:tL sAhf
u/]df /fHosf k'ln;, k|zf;g 5Fb5} . lgodk"js { /fHon] cfk\mgf] ;+oGq kl/rfng u¥of] eg]
@)$^ ;fndf vfg gkfpg] / rKkn nufpg] g]tfx¿s} To:tf dxn s;/L ag], Tof] klg lsg
5fglag gx'g] /fHon] cfkm}F ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf k|ltkIf;Fu ;/sf/n] dfu /fVbf b]lvPsf]
lg/LxtfnfO{ hgtfn] :jod\ a'em]sf 5g\ . ef]6 a}s + sdhf]/ x'g] 8/n] dGqLhLx¿ cfk"mn]
ug'k{ g]{ sfdx¿ c?af6} u/fpg rfxG5g\ . ;]gfsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf oltplt ;+VofeGbf
s'g df]8naf6 ;]gf ;dfof]hg ug],{ To;sf] k|:6 vfsf tof/ kf/L sf] hg;]gf alxu{dg x'g]
xf] < sf] ;]gfd} ;dfof]hg x'g] xf], of]Uo n8fs'x¿;Fu cGt/lqmof u/L ;+Vof lgwf{/0f x'g]
k|fljlws s'/fnfO{ xr'jfsf] e/df oltplt eGg' d"vt{ fnfO{ ;'uf /6fgdf ljb]zL, lj:tf/jfbL
/ blIf0fkGyLx¿n] h] l;sfpF5g\, ToxL dfq eGg] xf] eg] b]zn] lgsf; kfpFbg} . log} k|:6
s'/fx¿df k|dv ' k|ltkIfn] lg/y{ssf] jftf{, 5nkmndf ;do latfpg'eGbf g]tfx¿ cfk\mgf]
sfo{sIfdf uP/ b]zsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ hgtf;dIf /fVg' / l;lSsdLs/0f x'bF } uPsf]
b]zdf ;~hLjgL lbg'sf] ljsNk b]lvFbg} . jt{dfg ;/sf/ s'g} klg xfntdf lgsf; lbg
pBt 5}g / l5g\l5g\df cfk\mgf egfOx¿ kl/jt{g ul//xG5 / lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ d'9a] ndf
lsgf/f nufpg pBt /xG5 eg] oltv]/ lsgf/f nufpg vf]lhPsf ;a} gofF kl/jt{g,
hgtfsf] e"ldsf / hgtfnfO{ hgkIfLo sfo{df nufpg a'l4dQfk"js { nfUg'kb{5 .
jt{dfgsf ;Qf;Lgx¿ k|ltkIfnfO{ unfpFb} ;Qf;fem]bf/L agfpFbf klg e"ldsfxLg
cj:yfdf ;xefuL u/fpg] l8hfOg /x]sf] x'bF f ;Qfdf hfFbf clxn] h:t} hgcfGbf]ngsf
lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ tSdf afF8g\ k' g]{ cj:yf gcfpnf eGg ;lsFbg} . ctM lg/y{ssf] ;Qf/f]x0fsf]
k|of;eGbf ;bg, ;8s, hgtf, ufpFa:tL ;a}df gofF r]tgf km}nfpg pBt x'g' g} pko'Qm
af6f] xf] . l;h{gfTds sfo{n] hgtf cfk\mgf x'G5g\ . ToxL af6f] /f]hf}F . l;+xb/af/sf]
ofqfnfO{ sd k|fyldstfdf /fvf}F .