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lyof] . g]jflgsf nflu klxnf] p8fg
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k|wfgdGqL Pj+ Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy
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g]kfnLx? dn]l;ofdf larNnLdf
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atfO{ p2f/ ul/lbg Dofgkjf/nfO{
af/Daf/ cg'/f]w ubf{ klg ;'g'jfO{
gu/] s f] atfOPsf] 5 . kLl8t
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g]kfn–cf]nL u'6 xfjL x'g] vt/f lyof] .
cGTodf k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfn
/ afWo eP u[xdGqL Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{
lbgsf] nflu kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s
bf}8df vf;} k|of; g} gu/L jf OR5f
g} gu/L jl/i7 g]tf tyf pkk|wfgdGqL
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3D;f3D;L k/] s f] 5 . emngfy
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xf] eg] ;fd|fHoafbL;Fu 8/fP/ o;sf
x/]s ck/fwnfO{ ;xL eGb} hfg] xf]
eg], laZj g} ;fd|fHoafbsf] u'nfd
aGg w]/} ;do nfUg] 5}g . ;fd|fHoafb
kLl8t ;Dk'0f{ d'ns ' x? Psh'6 eP/
To;sf] k|ltsf/ tyf k|lt/f]w gubf{
;Dd ;fd|fHoafb k5f8L x6\b}g .
To;sf/0f g] k fn ;/sf/ ;d] t
;fd|fHoafbL s7k'tnL h:tf] aGb}
o;sf x/]s ck/fwnfO{ hfoh dfGb},
:} o;n] u/]sf x/]s g/;+xf/nfO{ plrt
eGb} ;fd|fHoafbLsf] xfF;f]df xfF;f] tyf
cfF;'df cfF;' ldnfpg] o;sf] 5fofF
gagf]; .

cTofw'lgs v'nf lrl8ofvfgf aGg]

n] ug{ eg]sf] lg0ff{os jftf{nfO{{ ;Dk"0f{ bnx?n] ;s/fTds lgisif{lgsfNg kxn
u/f}+ . clxn]sf] cfjZostf, ;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf klg olx xf] .

;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf] sfo{ ;~rfng ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DkGg

sf7df8f} . ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf]
ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv a:g g;s]sf] sfo{
;~rfng ;ldltsf] a}7s ldlt @)^*
j}zfv @) ut] dfggLo dlxnf,
afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL
tyf ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbsf cWoIf
v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] cWoIftfdf
a:of] . pSt a}7sn] ;dfh sNof0f
kl/ifb\sf] ut cfly{s jif{ @)^^.@)^& .
sf] ah]6 cg"df]bg / rfn' cfj
@)^&.@)^* sf] ah]6 kfl/t ug{
kl/ifb\sf] af]8{ a}7sdf k]; ug]{ lg0f{o
u¥of] . To:t}, kl/ifb\sf] sfo{nfO{
;+3Lotfsf] efjgfg'?k ljs]lGb|s/0f ub}{
hgtfnfO{{ kl/ifb\sf] ;]jf ;xh?kdf
?kdf :yfgLo :t/d} k'¥ofpg, ;+:yfx?sf]
lgodg, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgnfO{{ tLj|
kfg{ cfa4tfnfO{{ :yfgLo:t/af6} u/fpg,
:yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{{ k|efjsf/L?kdf
;dGjo tyf ;xof]u ug{ ;dfh sNof0f
P] g , @)$( sf] efjgf cg' ? k
dWodf~rn ljsf; If]qdf kl/ifb\
sf7df8f}a+ f6} / cGo If]qsf] xsdf ;'vt] { ,
lbkfon, kf]v/f / O6x/Ldf If]qLo ;Dks{
sfof{no vf]lng] ;fy}, b]zs} clt b'ud{
If]q s0ff{nLnufot dfgj ljsf;
;"rsf+ssf] b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf If]qsf
hgtfnfO{{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg sfnLsf]6df ljz]if
If]qLo ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng] lg0f{o .
To;}u/L, kl/if;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L
e[s6' Ld08df ef8fdf /x]sf / xfn;Dd
ef8f ga'emfPsf k;n, Joj;fox?af6
;Demf}tf cg'?ksf] ef8f tTsfn c;'n
ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
eQmk'/ . /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;+/If0f
sf]ifn] eQmk'/sf] u'G8' / l;kf8f]n
ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf] &
;fd'bflos jgIf]qdf cTofw'lgs v'nf
lrl8ofvfgf lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4tf
hgfPsf] 5 . o;cl3 :yfgLo
;fd'bflos jg pkefQmf ;d"xn] of]
If]qdf lrl8ofvfgfsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu
sf]ifnfO{{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . v'nf
lrl8ofvfgf lhNnfsf] u' G 8' ,
afns'df/L, ;]tLb]jL, ;"o{ljgfos,
afns' d f/L, /fgLsf] 6 ;d' b flos
jgIf]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] sf]ifn] hgfPsf]
5 . jg pkef] Q mf ;d" x x?n]
;fd'bflos jgsf] clwsf/ Tofu]/
;Dk"0f{clwsf/ sf]ifnfO{{ x:tfGt/0f
u/]sf 5g . lrl8ofvfgf lgdf{0fsf
nflu lgj]bg;d]t lbO;s]sf] sf]ifsf
;b:o–;lrj h' 4 axfb' / u' ? ªn]
atfP . pgsf cg';f/ ;f] lgj]bg
xfn jg ljefudf k'u]sf] / ljefun]
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fkZrft
sfg' g tyf Gofo dGqfnodf
k7fpg] 5 . sfg' g dGqfnosf]
l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifb\n]
:jLs[t u/]kl5 lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL
ug{] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP .
;b:o–;lrj u' ? ªsfcg' ; f/
k|:tfljt lrl8ofvfgfsf] If]qkmn @
;o (# x]S6/ /xg] 5 . ljZjd}
nf] s lk| o dflgPsf] v' n f
lrl8ofvfgfsf] cjwf/0ffdf lgdf{0f
x' g nfu] s f] of] If] q nfO{ { sf] i fn]
…lhof]nf]lhsn uf8{g l/lqmO;g ;]G6/
gfdfs/0f u/]sf] 5 . afFsL :yfgdf
;+/If0f lzIff tyf ;"rgf s]Gb|,
jGohGt' c:ktfn, a]jfl/;] tyf 6'x/' f
jGohGt' :ofxf/ s]Gb|, lkslgs :yn,
cfGtl/s sfof{no, kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg
If]q, h+un 6«]nnufotsf k"jf{wf/
lgdf{ 0 f x' g ] 5 g . eljiodf
s] j nsf/af6 ;d] t jGohGt'
cjnf]sg ug]{ u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
ug{ sf]ifn] hgfPsf] 5 . of]afx]s
jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg ;'?ª,
cfsfz] k' n nufot jGohGt' s f]
jf;:yfgsf nflu ;'?ª, u'kmf;d]t
lgdf{0f ug]{ 5 .
jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0f tyf dfgjLo
cltqmd0f /f]Sgsf nflu ztk|ltzt
l;dfgfdf alnof] t/hfnL nufpg]
ePsf] 5 . ;b:o–;lrj u'?ªsf
cg';f/ pSt lrl8ofvfgf If]qsf] jg
k}bfjf/ dfly :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] s'g}
clwsf/ geP klg wfld{s tyf sltko
clwsf/ oyfjt x'g] atfP . …sf7–
bfp/f sf6\ g gkfP klg
lrl8ofvfgfleq /x]sf dlGb/, kfgLsf
d'xfgh:tf 7fpFdf k|ltaGw nfUg]5g} ,Ú
;b:o–;lrj u'?ªn] eg] . pgsf
cg';f/ lrl8ofvfgfaf6 x'g] cfosf]
lglZrt k|ltzt:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu vr{ ul/g] 5 .
k|f/lDes cWoog k"/f u/]/ sf]ifn]
cfjZos aLp k'h F Lsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu
@% s/f]8 ?k}ofF dfu u/]sf] 5 . afFsL
vr{eg] jGohGt'sf If]qdf sfd ug{
cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx?af6 ;xof]u
h'6fpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . ;b:o–;lrj
u'?ªsf cg';f/ lhof]nf]lhsn ;f];fO6L
ckm nG8gn] pQm cfof]hgfsf nflu
k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{] ePsf] 5 .
 3 /fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@
ˆ
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) dlGqd08n lj:tf/df tkfO{+sf]
kf6L { n ] l;kmfl/; u/ ] s f
dGqLx¿n] g} ;ky u| x 0f
u/] g g\ lg, o;sf] sf/0f s]
xf] n f <
xfd|f] kf6L{af6 ;/sf/df dlxnfsf]
tkm{af6 ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf ePg
eGg] Pshgf dfggLosf] egfO/x]sf]
5 . csf{ Ps ;fyLn] dw];sf d'2f
;Daf]wg ug'k{ g]{ eGg] s'/f p7fpg'
ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df sltkosf]
JolQmut c;Gt'li6x¿ klg b]vfk/]sf
5g\ / klg of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
l5§} x'G5 .
) dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ l eq g}
dlGqd08ndf ;xefuL x' F b f
efujG8f ldn] g eg] / rsf] {
ljjfb aflx/ cfO/x]sf] 5 lg <
of] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nflu b'Mvsf] s'/f
xf] . kf6L{df To:tf] x'gx' G' y]g, h] eof],
Tof] unt 5 .
) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] ev{/} dfq
zflGt / ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf]
af6f] d f nfUg] lg0f{ o u/] s f]
5, s] tkfO{ + x ¿n] ca
hgljb|f]xsf] sfo{qmd Tofu]s}
xf] t <
cGo bnx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f u/]sf] x'gfn]
pgLx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzfdf
kxnsb\dL u5{g\ ls eg]/ xfdLn] af6f] x]/s
t/ cGo kf6L{x¿ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfzf u/]cg';f/sf]
zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzftkm{ gnfu]kl5
ca xfdLn] a9L lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{
eGg] lgisif{df xfd|f] kf6L{ k'us
] f] 5 .
of] ;/sf/nfO{ g} /fli6«o ;xdltsf ;/sf/sf]
¿k lbg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] g]tfsf] egfO xf] . o;
;/sf/df g]kfnL sfFu|];nufot dw];jfbL
bnx¿;d]t ;xefuL eP/ clxn] tTsfnsf]
/fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ lgsf; lbg] k|of;
ug'{k5{ . To;af6 dfq clxn];Dd hgtfn]
;+3if{ u/]/ k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ub}{
cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 .
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx? cfjZos kbf{
kb TofUg klg ;S5g\, uf8L, ;'ljwf
TofUg klg ;lsG5, cfjZos kbf{ To;sf]
pkof]u /fd|f];“u ug{ klg hfGb5g\ .
;/sf/ hfFbf–ghfFb} sfd ePg eGg t ldNb}g . ;/sf/n] s;/L
xfd|f] kf6L{ zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPb]lv
clxn];Ddsf] sfo{lbzf eg]sf] zflGt
/ ;+ljwfg g} xf] . zflGt / ;+ljwfg
;'lglZrt ePg eg] o;sf lj?4
s;}n] if8\oGq u¥of] eg] g]kfnL
hgtfn] To;sf] lj?4 ljb|f]x u5{g\ .
To;sf] g]t[Tj PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn]
u5{ . xfdL hgtfn] ug]{ ljb|fx] sf] nflu
g]t[Tj lbg tof/ x'g'k5{ . afx|a'Fb]
;xdltb]lv clxn];Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqf
eg]sf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgs} ofqf xf] .
zflGt / ;+ l jwfgsf] ofqfaf6
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ljrlnt ePsf] xf]Og .
) tkfO{+x¿ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
nflu slxn];Dd s'g'{x'G5 t <
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu
;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ x'gs ' f] gftfn] xfdL
a9L lhDd] j f/Lsf ;fy cufl8
a9\g'k5{ . of] xfd|f] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
kl5Nnf] lg0f{o klg xf] . cGo bnx¿n]
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f u/]sf] x'gfn]
pgLx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{
;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzfdf kxnsb\dL
u5{g\ ls eg]/ xfdLn] af6f] x]/]sf
lyof}F t/ cGo kf6L{x¿ g]kfnL hgtfn]
cfzf u/] c g' ; f/sf] zflGt /
;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzftkm{
] f lyof}F
dfcf]jfbL cfk\mgf] bfloTj
k"/f ug{ k|lta4 5
of] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nflu b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . kf6L{df To:tf] x'gx' G' y]g,
h] eof], Tof] unt 5 .
cfk\mgf] sfdsf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpF5, Tof] x]g{ afFsL g} 5 .
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hf]uLx¿sf] kf6L{ xf]Og, of] ;Gt–dxGtx¿sf] kf6L{ klg
xf]Og . of] ;dfhnfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kdf ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ cufl8 hfg'k5{ eGg]
dfGotf af]ss
] f] kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ xf] .
bLgfgfy zdf{, k|jQmf– Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
gnfu] k l5 ca xfdLn] a9L
lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{
eGg] lgisif{df xfd|f] kf6L{ k'u]sf] 5 .
afFsL /x]sf] 5f]6f] ;dodf klg xfd|f]
clGtd k|of; zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
nflu g} s]lGb|t ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf
5f}F . xfdL, clxn] ToxL lbzfdf cufl8
al9/x]sf 5f}F .
) ;+ l jwfg hf/L x' g ] elgPsf]
lbg h]7 !$ cfpg ca @)
lbg klg afFsL 5}g, of]aLrdf
zflGt / ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f
k| l qmofn] k" 0 f{ t f kfpg]
;Defjgf b] l vPsf] 5} g .
o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{ + x ¿
s;/L cufl8 a9\ g ' x ' G 5 <
;do yf]/} 5, t}klg /fhgLlts
;xdltsf] cfwf/df h]7 !$ sf]
;d:ofnfO{ /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg
;lsG5 . h]7 !$ cfpFb}df cfsfz}
v:g], kftfn g} 8'Ag] eGg] x'Fb}g .
To;nfO{ /fhgLlts ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df lgsf; lbg ;lsG5 . Tof]
lgsf; eg] s f] ;+ l jwfg;efn]
clxn];Dd u/]sf sfdsf/jfxLx¿sf]
d:of}bf ;+ljwfg hgtfsf] cufl8
;fj{ h lgs u/] / lbg ;lsG5 .
;xdltdf k'Ug afFsL /x]sf ljifox¿df
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df
;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; ug'k{ 5{ . ;]gf
;dfof]hgnufot zflGt k|lqmofsf
afFsL /x]sf sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kn]
cufl8 a9fpg] sfd ug'k{ 5{ . To;sf]
nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt
aGg ;Sof] eg] lgsf; lgsfNg
;lsG5 .
) tkfO{ + s } kf6L{ s f g] t fx¿ of]
;/sf/n] zflGt / ;+ l jwfg
lgdf{ 0 fsf] k| l qmofnfO{ k" 0 f{ t f
lbg ;Sb} g , sfF u | ] ; nufot
dw] ; jfbL bnnfO { ;d] t
ldnfP/ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/
agfpg'k5{ eGg] cleJolQmx¿
lbO/xg' e Psf] 5 lg <
of] ;/sf/nfO{ g} /fli6« o
;xdltsf ;/sf/sf] ¿k lbg'k5{ eGg]
xfd|f] g]tfsf] egfO xf] . o; ;/sf/df
g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; nufot dw] ; jfbL
bnx¿;d]t ;xefuL eP/ clxn]
tTsfnsf] /fhgLlts ;+ s 6nfO{
lgsf; lbg] k|of; ug'{k5{ . To;af6
dfq clxn];Dd hgtfn] ;+3if{ u/]/
k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ub}{
cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 . /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ aGg g;s] klg bnx¿aLr
/ /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6 d'n'snfO{
lgsf; lbg'k5{ eg] Wo]osf ;fy tL
ljifox¿ cufl8 cfPsf x'g\ .
) kf6L{ ;/sf/df ;xefuL eP
klg hgck] l Ift sfd ug{
;ls/x] s f] 5} g lg <
;/sf/n] ev{/} dfq k"0f{tf kfPsf]
5 . o;n] ev{ / } dfq cfˆgf]
sfdsf/jfxLx¿ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .
;/sf/ hfFbf–ghfFb} sfd ePg eGg
t ldNb}g . ;/sf/n] s;/L cfˆgf]
sfdsf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpF5, Tof] x]g{
afFsL g} 5 . of] ;/sf/n] zflGt /
;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f ug{sf]
nflu hgck]Iffx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{, dxFuL
lgoGq0f ug{, nf]8;]l8ª 36fpg,
a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofnfO{ sd;]sd
Go"g¿kdf eP klg lgoGq0f ug{sf]
nflu ev{/} ag]sf] ;/sf/n] s]–slt
sfd u5{, Tof] x]b}{ hfg'k5{ .
) dfcf] j fbLn] ca l5§} ;] g f
;dfof] h g / ;;++ l jwfg
;Gbe { d f 7f] ;
lgdf { 0 fsf] ;Gbe{
of] h gf Nofpg] atfPsf] 5,
Tof] of]hgf s:tf] x'G5, s]xL
atfOlbg' ; \ g <
ca cfpg] of]hgf klg zflGt /
;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ u/L g}
cfpg] xf] . ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] nflu
klg cGt/f{ l i6« o cEof; /
of]hgfcg';f/ g} sfo{qmd cfpF5 .
;a}n] k|tLIff u/]sf] cfufdL h]7 !$
sf] lgsf; s] x'g ;S5 eGg] af/]df
xfd|f] kf6L{sf] 7f]; of]hgf Nofpg] eg]/
cWoIf k|r08n] eGg'ePsf] 5 . s]xL
lbgleq Tof] sfo{of]hgf aflx/ cfpF5 .
) clxn] dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ l eq
s]Gb|b]lv tNnf] tx;Dd u'6,
pku'6 l;h{gf ePsf] b]lvG5
lg, o; ljifodf s ]
eGg' x ' G 5 <
nf]stGqdf ljrf/, cf:yfx¿
km/s–km/s x'g ;S5g\ . clxn] xfd|f]
kf6L{n] bnLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ :jLsf/
u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg ljrf/x¿nfO{
v]Ng, k'mNg b]pm eGg] dfGotfsf]
cfwf/df kf6L{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
Pp6f /fd|f] k"mnaf/L x'gs ' f] nflu ToxfF
ljleGg /ËLrËL k"mnx¿ x'g'k5{ .
To;kl5 dfq k"mnaf/Ln] ;'Gb/tf
kfpF5 . To;sf/0f Pp6f kf6L{leq
klg ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg
ljrf/x¿ cfpg' :jefljs xf] ,
To;nfO{ cGoyf dfGg ;lsFb}g .
kf6L{leq ljrf/sf] cfwf/df ljrf/
;d" x x¿ klg :jefljs ¿kn]
hlGdG5g\ , To;nfO{ :jfefljs
dfGg'k5{ . kf6L{n] km/s ljrf/ /fVg
kfpg] cg'dlt;d]t lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f]
kf6L{sf] s]xL ;do cufl8 ePsf]
:yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ljleGg
ljrf/, ;d"xsf] ljrf/x¿nfO{ kf6L{leq
rnv]n ug{ lbg], k|lt:kwf{ ug{ lbg]
/ k|lt:kwf{df >]i7tf sfod ug{
s;}nfO{ cj/f]w l;h{gf gug]{ eg]sf
5f} F . xfd| f ] kf6L{ l eq clwstd
hgjfbsf] cEof; ePsf] 5 eGg] ;lsG5, cfjZos kbf{ To;sf] pkof]u
cy{df o;nfO{ a'‰g'k5{ . ljrf/ /fd|f];Fu ug{ klg hfGb5g\ .
;d"xx¿dfly k|ltaGw nufOof], bdg ) eGgfn] g] k fnL qmflGtnfO{
ul/of] eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd k" 0 f{ t fdf k' ¥ ofpg dfcf] j fbL
:jefljs¿kdf /fd|f] cfpFb}g . of] cem} klg b[ 9 ;+ s lNkt 5
slt 7Ls, slt a]7Ls eGg]af/]df eGg vf] H g' e Psf] xf] <
xfdL kl5 d"Nof+sg u5f}{+ . xf], /fli6«o cleef/f PsLs[t
) dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿dfly clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] sfFwdf dfq} 5 . of]
kb / kh]/f]sf] kl5 nfu]sf] ;dfhnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{, kl/jt{g
cf/f] k nfu] s f] 5 lg, o; ug]{ bfloTj klg xfd|} sfFwdf /x]sf]
ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 < 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hf]uLx¿sf] kf6L{ b[9 5f}F . xfdLaf6 /fi6« / hgtfn]
xf]Og, of] ;Gt–dxGtx¿sf] kf6L{ klg 7"nf] cfzf u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;n]
xf]Og . of] ;dfhnfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kdf ;dosf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ xfdL
¿kfGt/0f u/]/ cufl8 hfg'k5{ eGg] Odfgbf/Lk" j { s k| l ta4 x' g ' k 5{ .
dfGotf af]s]sf] kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ cfk"mnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ xf]Og, /fi6« /
xf] . sf7df8f}F ;8sdf k}bn lxF8]/ hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ dfcf]jfbL
sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] cfu|x k'/ftgjfbL cfˆgf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ k|lta4 5 .
cfu| x xf] . ;do;fk] I f cufl8 ) cGTodf yk s ] x L eGg
a9\gk' 5{ . lxhf] e"ldut sfndf Pp6f rfxg' x ' G 5 <
ldl6ª ug{ pgfG;f7L lbg;Dd klg ljutb] l v g} o; If] K of:q
xfdL lxF8s] f lyof}F . clxn]sf] j:t'ut ;fKtflxsn] zflGt, ;+ l jwfg /
l:yltn] uf8L r9\g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu
uf8L r9\g] eGg] s'/f ug'{ lk5l8Psf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 .
dfgl;stf xf] . PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf o;n] lg/Gt/¿kdf cfˆgf] P]ltxfl;s
g]tfx¿ cfjZos kbf{ kb TofUg klg cleef/f k"/f u/f];\ eGg] z'esfdgf
;S5g\, uf8L, ;'ljwf TofUg klg lbg rfxG5' .
xfd|f] kf6L{ zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPb]lv
clxn];Ddsf] sfo{lbzf eg]sf] zflGt /
;+ljwfg g} xf] . zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt
ePg eg] o;sf lj?4 s;}n] if8\oGq u¥of]
eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] To;sf] lj?4 ljb|fx ]
u5{g\ . To;sf] g]tT[ j PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn]
u5{ . xfdL hgtfn] ug]{ ljb|fx] sf] nflu g]tT[ j
lbg tof/ x'gk' 5{ . afx|a“' b] ;xdltb]lv
clxn];Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqf eg]sf] zflGt /
;+ljwfgs} ofqf xf] .
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df lgsf; lbg
;lsG5 . Tof] lgsf; eg] s f] ;+ l jwfg;efn]
clxn] ; Dd u/] s f sfdsf/jfxLx¿sf]
d:of} b f ;+ l jwfg hgtfsf] cufl8
;fj{ h lgs u/] / lbg ;lsG5 .
Pp6f /fd|f] k"mnaf/L x'gsf] nflu Toxf“ ljleGg
/·Lr·L k"mnx¿ x'g'k5{ . To;kl5 dfq
k"mnaf/Ln] ;'Gb/tf kfp“5 . To;sf/0f Pp6f
kf6L{leq klg ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg
ljrf/x¿ cfpg' :jefljs xf] .
 /fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@
n}+lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zStLs/0f
-ljZjsf] x/]s If]qsf dlxnfx?n]
n}l+ us ;dfgtf, ;'/Iff / :yfoL zflGt
:yfkgfsf] nflu dlxnfx?nfO{ g]tT[ j txdf
;xefuL u/fpg'kg],{ /fHosf] x/]s c+ux?sf]
;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf /
dlxnfx?nfO{ /fHosf] gLltlgdf{0f / lg0f{o
ug]{ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fpg' kb{5 eGg]
d"n d'2fx? p7fO/x]sf 5g\, cfh dlxnf
;zlSt/0f lsg < eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df .
oL ;jfnx?af/] 5nkmn ug{ dfq geP/
dlxnfx?n] ef]Ub} cfPsf b}lgs
hLjgofkgsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ Jojxf/x?df
s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 < /, efjL
cfpg] k':tfnfO{ n}l+ us ;dfgtf, hftLo
;dfgtf / juL{o ;dfgtfsf] gofF ;+;f/
jf ;dtfd"ns / Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf]
x:tfGt/0f s;/L ug{;lsG5 eg]/ dlxnf
clwsf/sdL{x?n] ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf
5g\ .
dlxnf ;zStLs/0f
dlxnf ;zStLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
eGg] k|Zgdf d]/f] cg'ejdf …;zStLs/0fÚ
cfkm}df km/flsnf] zAb xf] . ;zStLs/0f
x/]s If]qdf cfpFb5 . h:t} M /fhgLlt,
lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L cflbdf
dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Ifd / anjfg jf cfˆgf
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu x/]s If]qx?df
g]tT[ j ug{;Sg' xf] . h;n] ubf{ Pp6f
/fd|f] ;+;f/ agf];,\ To; ;+;f/df dlxnf
/ k'?ifaLrsf] ;dfgtf /xf];,\ Pp6f
dfgjn] csf]{ dfgjk|lt lt/:sf/ /
ckdfghgs Jojxf/ gu/f];,\ ;fdflhs
Gofo / ;Defj sfod /xf];\ eg]/ ljZjsf
dlxnfx?n] ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . efjL
k':tfnfO{ ;xL dfu{bz{g ug{df dlxnfsf]
bfloTj / lhDd]jf/Ldf dlxnf ;r]ttf /
;zStLs/0f clt cfjZos /x]sf] x'G5 .
o;sf] ;fy;fy} dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf] efiff,
wd{ ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, d"No / dfGotfnfO{
gofF k':tfdf s;/L x:tfGt/0f ug]{ eGg]
s'/f Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 . lsgls
ljZjsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ;+;f/
cfw'lgstf, j}1flgstf, ljZjJofkf/Ls/0f,
e"d08nLs/0fh:tf cfw'lgs ;+;f/df
cfˆgf] k'Vof}n{ L ;DklQnfO{ arfP/ s;/L
;'lDkg] eGg] k|Zg r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
Psflt/ oxL cfw'lgstfdf cfˆgf
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s;/L k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ cufl8
a9fpg ;lsG5, /fd|f] lzIff s;/L lbg
;lsG5 eg]/ cfdfafa' /ftlbg ;+3if{
ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . csf{lt/ o'jflk9L
dgel/ k9\ g ] rfxgf eP/ klg
a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0fn] ljb]z k:g afWo
ePsf 5g\ .
a"9fkfsfsf] pvfg /x]sf] 5 …ls
k9]sf]n] hfG5 ls k/]sf]nÚ] ;zStLs/0f
zAb klg oxL pvfg;Fu ldNb5 . ;+3if{
ug{ eg]sf] g} ;r]t xf], ;r]ttf dfq
geP/ ;kmntfsf nflu Joxf/df ptfg{5
;+3if{ ug{] eg]sf] ;zStLs/0f xf] . dlxnf
;zStLs/0f lsg cfjZos x'G5 <
g]kfnsf] cj:yf x]g{ ] xf] eg] dlxnfn]
3/kl/jf/, ;dfhb]lv lnP/ ;+;f/
;dfNg' k/]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf] g]tT[ j x/]s
If]qdf cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . t/ dlxnfx?
;r]t / ;zSt geO{ oL s'/fx? ;Dej
b]lvFbg} . ;r]t dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf]
3/kl/jf/ / 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;w}+ ;xL
dfu{bz{g ul//x]sf x'G5g\ / 5f]/f5f]/Ln]
klg ;kmntf kfPsf x'G5g\ . dlxnf
;zStLs/0f 3/kl/jf/b]lv lnP/
;+;f/nfO{ g} /fd|f] af6f]df 8f]¥ofpgsf
nflu cfjZos 5 .
n}+lus ;dfgtf
n}l+ us ;dfgtf eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf]
pQ/ vf]Hg'cufl8 h]G8/ / lnËsf]
cjwf/0ffaf/] a'‰g' cfjZos 5 . h]G8/
;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ?kn] lgdf{0f ePsf]
x'G5 . x/]s ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?ifn]
lgjf{x ug{k' g{] e"ldsf 5'§f5'§} x'g] ub{5 .
lnËsf cfwf/df k'?if / gf/L b'ja} f6
;dfhn] ck]Iff u/]sf] e"ldsf g} jf:tjdf
h]G8/ xf] . h]G8/n] gf/L / k'?ifsf
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftfx?nfO{
hgfpF5 . gf/L / k'?if hGdhft lgwf{/0f
x'g] eP tfklg h]G8/ rflxF hGdhft
lgwf{/0f x'g] xf]Og . lnËsf cfwf/df
;+lugL /fgfdu/
JolSt;Fu hf]l8P/ cfpg] ;fdflhs
d"NodfGotf, e"ldsf tyf ljz]iftfx?sf]
;dli6ut ?k g} h]G8/ xf] .
lnË k|fs[lts jf h}ljs?kn] lgwf{/0f
x'g] s'/f xf], h;sf] lgdf{0fdf ;fdflhs
;f+:s[lts, ;f+:s[lts tTjx?sf] s'g}
lsl;dsf] e"ldsf x'bF g} t/ h]G8/
;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ?kn] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
of] JolStsf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /
dgf]j1} flgs kIf xf] . h;sf] lgdf{0fdf
h}ljs tTjsf] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;DaGw /
e"ldsf xFb' g} . lnªu h}ljs ljz]iftf xf]
eg] h]G8/ ;fdflhs ljz]iftf xf], h'g
;do, ;dfh / :yfgcg';f/ km/skm/s
x'g] ub{5 . h]G8/ JolStn] l;s]/ hfGg]
Jojxf/, e"ldsf / z}nL xf] t/ lnË
hGdhft k|fKt x'g] s'/f xf] . ;dfhzf:qL
sdnf efl;gsf cg';f/, x/]s k'?ifleq
gfl/Tj x'g] ub{5 / x/]s gf/Lleq k'?iff]Tj
x'g] ub{5 t/ ;dfh / ;+:s[ltn] o;nfO{
k|:k'm6g x'g lbFbg} jf k|:k'm6g x'gaf6
/f]S5 . s]jn k|fs[lts c+ux?afx]s dlxnf
/ k'?ifdf kl/jt{g ug{g;lsg] s'g} nIf0f
jf ljz]iftf 5}g .
h]G8/ / lnËsf] cjwf/0ff a'em]kl5
xfdLn] lkt[;Qf / dft[;Qfsf af/]df a'‰g'
cfjZos 5 . lkt[;Qf s] xf] < sdnf
efl;gn] pNn]v u/]cg';f/ lkt[;Qf
;fdflhs ;+/rgf / Jojxf/sf] Pp6f
o:tf] k4lt xf], hxfF k'?ifn] dlxnfnfO{
bdg, pTkL8g / zf]if0f ub{ . lkt[;Qfsf
ljz]iftfx? M ;fdflhs ;+/rgf /
Jojxf/x? hxfF k'?if hfltsf] d"No /
dfGotf x'G5, kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf
k'?ifsf] x}sd rN5, lxGb" ;dfh
lkt[;Qfdf cfwfl/t 5, ;dfh, wd{
;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f cflb ;a}
k'?ifn] rfx]h:tf] agfpg], j+z / c+z
k'?ifaf6 x'g] .
dft[;Qf M dlxnfsf] x}sd rNg] /
cfdfsf] y/cg';f/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] y/ -j+z_
x'g] . d]/f] cg'ejdf g]kfnsf cflbjf;L
hghflt ;d'bfodf cem} klg dft[kb| fg
;dfhsf] cjz]if /x]sf] kfOG5, h:t} M
tfdfª dlxnfsf] y/ jf j+z ljjfxkl5
klg kl/jt{g xFb' g} . ljjfxkl5 klg
dfOtsf] g} y/ sfod /x]sf] x'G5 . yfdL
hfltdf 5f]/Lsf] y/ cfdfsf] y/df hfg] /
5f]/fsf] y/ afafsf] y/cg';f/ hfg] rng
5 . t/, g]kfndf gful/stf lbFbf afa'sf]
j+zcg';f/ lbg] ePsf]n] gful/stfsf nflu
klg 5f]/Lsf] y/ afafsf] cg';f/ n]Vg'kg{]
afWotf lyof] . gofF ;+ljwfgdf cfdf /
afafsf] gfdaf6 5f]/f5f]/Ln] gful/stf
kfpg] clwsf/x? /x] tfklg o;nfO{
Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ dlxnfx?n] cem}
sl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . Oltxf;nfO{ x]g{ ]
xf] eg] cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf n}l+ us
e]befj lyPg, cfdfsf] g} g]tT[ j lyof] .
cem} klg cflbjf;L ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] g}
g]tT[ j /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ kl/jf/eGbf
aflx/sf] ;dfh, ;d'bfo / /fhgLltdf
eg] cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx? kl5
kl//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f
lkt[;QfTds ;+:yfx? h:t} M 3/kl/jf/,
lzIff k|0ffnL, sfg'g, /fHo;Qf, ;~rf/ /
;+3;+:yfx? /x]sf] kfOG5 . oL ;+:yfx?af6
;a} hfltsf dlxnfx?df g} e]befj ul/Psf]
5 . n}l+ us ;dfgtf eg]sf] oL ;a}
;+:yfx?df dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg clwsf/
xf] . dlxnf / k'?ifaLrdf /x]sf] ;a} vfnsf
e]befjsf vf8nx? x6fO{ ;femf ;+;f/
agfpg' xf] . ;+;f/s} dlxnfx?sf] ;femf
n8fOF eg]sf] g} n}l+ us ;dfgtfsf nflu
xf] . dlxnfx?nfO{ x/]s If]qdf k5fl8
kfl/Psf] x'gfn] dlxnfx?n] ljsf;sf]
sfo{qmddfkm{t\ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;zSt
agfpgsf nflu dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ul/Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .
h]G8/ / ljsf;
n}l+ us ;dfgtfsf nflu ljsf;sf
k|of;x? ljZjdf g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .
ljsf;sf] cjwf/0f ljz]if u/]/ bf];f| ]
ljZjo'4kl5 nfu" ePsf] kfOG5 . ;g\
@)^) / @)&) sf] bzs ;+oS' t
/fi6«;3+ sf] klxnf] ljsf;sf] bzs kl5
ljsf; sfo{df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf x'gk' g]{
dx;';kl5 ;g\ !(&% df d]lS;sf]l;6Ldf
cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng eof] . ;g
!(&% nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o gf/L jif{sf ?kdf
dgfpg] lg0f{o ;+oS' t /fi6«;3+ n] u¥of] .
;g\ !(&% b]lv !(*% sf] bzsnfO{
dlxnf bzs eg]/ /fi6«;3+ n] 3f]if0ff
u¥of] . !(*) df 8]gdfs{sf] /fhwfgL
sf]kg] x]ug] bf];f| ] ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ng
eof] . ;g\ !(*% sf] h'nfO{df s]Gofsf]
/fhwfgL gf}/f]jLdf t];f| ] ljZj dlxnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . o; ;Dd]ngn]
;g\ @))) ;Dd dlxnf ljsf;sf nflu
ckgfpg'kg]{ /0fgLlt to u/]sf] lyof] .
sfo{gLltx? M ;dfgtf, ljsf;, zflGt,
ljz]if ;/f]sf/sf ljifox?, cGt/f{li6«o
/ If]qLo ;xof]ux? . ;g\ !(&(
dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj
pGd"ng;DaGwL ;+oS' t /fi6«;3+ n] kfl/t
u¥of] . g]kfnn] !((! clk|n @@ df
cg'df]bg u¥of] . To:t}u/L ljsf;df
dlxnf ;g\ !(%) b]lv !(&) …j'dg Og
8]enkd]G6Ú, dlxnf / ljsf; ;g\ !(&)
…j'dg Og 8]enkd]G6Ú, / h]G8/ / ljsf;
;g\ !(*) …h]G8/ PG8 8]enkd]G6Ú
;~rfng ePsf] kfOG5 .
a]Olhª 3f]if0ffkq / sfo{of]hgf
rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]Olhªdf ;]K6]Da/ $–
!%, !((% df ePsf] dlxnfsf] rf}yf]
ljZj ;Dd]ngdf tof/ ul/Psf] a]Olhª
3f]if0ffkqn] ;/f]sf/sf !@ j6f cfwf/e"t
If]qx? …lqml6sn Pl/ofh ckm sG;g{
klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . tL x'g M -!_ ul/aL,
-@_ lzIff / k|lzIf0f, -#_ :jf:Yo, -$_
lx+;f, -%_ ;z:q åGå, -^_ cy{ -&_ gLlt
lgwf{/0f, -*_ ;+:yfut ;+oGq, -(_
dfgjclwsf/, -!)_ ;~rf/, -!!_
jftfj/0f, / -!@_ aflnsf .
n}l+ us d"nk|jfxLs/0f tyf dlxnf
;zStLs/0f n}l+ us d"nk|jfxLs/0f tyf
dlxnf ;zStLs/0fsf] p2]Zo b'Oj{ 6f
pNn]v 5 M -!_ ;a} dlxnfx?sf]
;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts
;zStLs/0f ub}{ lbuf] zflGt Pjd\
ljsf;df dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;zSt
agfpg] / -@_ dlxnflj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf
lx+;f Pjd\ lje]bsf] cGTo ug{ . of] p2]Zo
xfl;n ug{ % j6f /0fgLlt to u/]sf] 5
M -!_ ljsf; k|lqmof, ;]jf k|jfx /
zf;sLo k| 0 ffnLdf n} + l us
d"nk|jfxLs/0fnfO{ ;'b9[ ug{, -@_ n}l+ us
ah]6 k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b9[ ub}{ :yfgLo
:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ug{, -#_ dlxnflj?4sf
;a} lje]b / lx+;fsf] /f]syfd tyf
lgoGq0fsf nflu cleofgsf ?kdf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{, -$_ u|fdL0f If]qsf
;LdfGts[t dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4
Pjd\ hLjg:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu nlIft
;+ / If0ffTds, ;] j fd" n s tyf
;zStLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{
/ -%_ åGå ;dfwfg / zflGt :yfkgf ug{
sfo{df dlxnfx?sf] ;fy} ;xeflutf
;'lglZrt ug{ .
n}l+ us ;dfgtf / ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf]
k'gMlgdf{0f g]kfndf ;g\ !((^ b]lv @))^
;Dd ePsf] dfcf]jfbL / /fHoaLrsf]
;z:q åGåsf a]nf dfl/g] / a]kQf
agfOg]df dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} /x]sf]
kfOG5 . t/ åGåaf6 zflGt k|so[ fdf
nfu]sf d'ns ' x?n] zflGt lgdf{0f k|so[ fsf]
lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf eg]
alxis/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . o'4df dlxnfn]
aufPsf] /ut / kl;gfnfO{ /fHon]
:jLsf/ ug{;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL dlxnfx?
o'4 cufl8 jf o'4 k5fl8sf] /fHosf
x/]s ;+/rgdf / zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf
alxis/0fdf k/]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg
cj:yfdf dlxnfx? afFRgsf nflu ;+3if{
ul//x]sf 5g\ . k'?ifk|wfg ;dfh, k'?ifn]
g]tT[ j u/]sf] /fHo;Qfdf dlxnfx?
/fhg}lts?kn] of]Uo / ;Ifd eP tfklg
k'?ifsf] lg0f{oljgf /fHosf] lg0ff{os txdf
cfpg ;Sb}gg .
n}l+ us ;dfgtf sfod ug{sf nflu
@)^# df g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg u/]sf]
kfOG5 . o;}u/L ;+o'St /fi6«;+3
;'/Iffkl/ifb\af6 kfl/t lg0f{o g+= !#@%,
åGå ;dfwfg / zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu
gLltlgdf{0fsf x/]s txdf dlxnf
;xeflutf u/fpg ;g\ @)))_ kfl/t
ul/of] lyof] . h'g x/]s ;b:o /fi6«sf
nflu kfngf ug{ afWosf/L x'G5 .
u/fpg'k5{ egL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfn åGå Joj:yfkg / zflGt lgdf{0f
k|lqmofaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg b]zsf]
d"n sfg"g xf] . ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns
xsåf/f g} hgtfn] cfˆgf g};lu{s xs
pkef]u ug{kfpF5g\ . ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/
df}lns clwsf/ xf] . o;n] cj;/
k|flKtdf dfq geO{ clwsf/sf] ;dfg
pkef]u ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{
cj;/x?sf nflu to ug{k' g{] lj:t[t
/0fgLltx?;d]t lgdf{0f ub{5 .
;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf]
;DaGwdf rrf{ ubf{, ;+ljwfg;ef /fli6«o«
lxtsf] ;+/If0f ;ldlt cjwf/0ffkqsf]
k|f/lDes d:of}bf M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #, $ n] g]kfnnfO{
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts
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?kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . To:t} wf/f ## -
3_ -!_ n] d'ns ' sf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a}
c+ux?df dw]zL, blnt, cflbjf;L
hghflt, dlxnf, dhb'/, ls;fg, ckfË,
lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]q ;a}nfO{ ;dfg'kflts
;dfj]zL cfwf/df ;xefuL u/fpg] bfloTj
/fHonfO{ tf]lslbPsf] / wf/f !$$ -$_ n]
g]kfnL ;]gf /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/qsf]
x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fHodf /x]sf
x/]s ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf $ j6}
c+ux? g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q
k|x/L / /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefudf lgo'lSt
ubf{ s'n l/St b/aGbLsf] $% k|ltzt
dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blnt,
lk5l8Psf If]qaf6 kbk"lt{ ug{ gLlt agfO{
;f]cg'?k sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
/fli6«o« ;'/Iffkl/ifb\ M g]kfnsf] ;du|
/fli6«o lxt, ;'/Iff / k|lt/Iff;DaGwL
gLlt th'd{ f ug{ tyf g]kfnL /fli6«o ;]gfsf]
kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu
dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL k|dv ' nfO{
l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf cWoIf /
;b:ox? /x]sf] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iffkl/ifb\
/xg]5 M …-s_ sfo{sfl/0fL k|dv ' – cWoIf,
-v_ /IffdGqL– ;b:o, -u_ u[xdGqL–
;b:o, -3_ k//fi6«dGqL– ;b:o, -ª_
cy{dGqL– ;b:o, -r_ sfo{sfl/0fL
k|dv ' af6 cfjZostfcg';f/ dgf]lgt
dlGqkl/ifb\sf @ hgf dGqLx?– ;b:o .
/fli6«o ;'/Iffkl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] a}7sdf
cfjZostfcg';f/ ;Nnfxsf/sf ?kdf
;'/Iff;DaGwL lj1x?nfO{ cfdGq0f
ug{;Sg]5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf
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x'g5] .Ú :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf / n}l+ us
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lgdf{0fdf dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf
Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ d'2fsf ?kdf cfpFb5 .
;+ljwfg;ef /fli6«o« lxt ;+/+ If0f ;ldlt
cjwf/0ffkqsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#
n] dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt,
dw] z L, If] q Lo ?kn] lk5l8Psf
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;d]t vf];s ] f] 5 . /fli6«o lxt, ;'/Iff /
k|lt/Iff;DaGwL gLlt th'd{ f ug]{ kl/rfng
/ Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu agfOg] /fli6«o«
;'/Iffkl/ifb\df n}l+ us ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL
ePsf] kfOFbg} . n}l+ us ;dfgtf /
;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] k'glg{df{0fsf d'2faf/] ljZjdf
g} p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . lsgls h'g;'s} d'2f
rfx] /fli6«o« xf];\ jf cGt/f{li6«o« o;df
;a}eGbf klxnf dlxnfx? g} l;sf/ ePsf
5g\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL,
anfTsf/kl5 xTofh:tf lx+;fdf dlxnfx?
kl//x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f /fli6«o« tyf
cGt/f{li6«o« ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] u7gdf n}l+ us
;dfgtfdf d'Vo hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf
o; d'2fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ clt h?/L 5 .
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ljlrq ;+;f/
rGb|dfdf 3/ agfOg] ¤
xfdL kf] lbge/L df/d'u|L, s'6fs'6 / nv]6f nv]6df Ao:t 5f}+ t . clg
ePsf af6f3f6f, ;8s eTsfpg / af6fsf aQL k'm6fpg} xtf/f] 5 . c?
b]zsf dflg; eg] hn / yndf klg gk'u/] , k[YjLdf klg lgs} ;s]/
rGb|fdfdf s] 5 eg]/ vf]lh ul//x]sf 5g . k[YjLsf] hn / hldgn] gk'u]/
c? u|xdf kfgL, xfjf / df6f] kfP ToxfF klg j:tL a;fNg x'GYof] ls eGg]
bfpdf cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf 5g . lgs} ;dob]lv rGb|fdfdf s] 5 eg]/
vf]lh ul//x]sf j}1flgsx?n] clxn] kfgL km]nf kf/]sf] bfaL u/]sf 5g .
xfd|f] b]zdf aGb / x8\tfnn] rrf{ kfP em}+ ljsl;t b]zx?df of] va/n]
lgs} rrf{ kfO/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] tYo cem a9L kQf nufpg ToxfF 3/g}
agfP/ a:g ;Sg] cf}N+ ofPsf 5g . of] tYo cd]l/sL a}1flgs ;+:yf gf;fsf
a}1flgsx?n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf x'g oxL dlxgfsf] bf];|f] ;ftf . pgLx?n]
ToxfF kfgLsf] dfqf lgs} ePsf] bfaL ;d]t u/]/ gofF cf;f afF8]sf 5g g
j:tLg} a;fNg ;lsG5 ls eg]/ . o;n] slDtdf gofF cg';GwfgsdL{sf
nflu gofF af6f / cf;f vf]n]sf] 5 . ca a}1flgsx?sf] 6f]nLn] n'gf/sf]
aflx/L cfj/0fdf 3/g} agfP/ a:g] / cg';Gwfg ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf a9]sf]
5 . rGb|dfsf] Tof] kfgL s/f]8f}+ s/f]8 jif{cl3b]lv lxpFsf] ?kdf hd]/
a;]sf] x'g;Sg] c8sn a}1flgsx?sf] 5 . o;n] ;f}o{k2tLsf] O{ltxf;d}
/]s8{sfod /fVg ;Sg] cf}+NofOPsf]5 . b Go'of]s{6fO{D;sf cg';f/ Pn qm;
(L-Cross) gfdsf] e"pku|x sl/a Ps dlxgf cl3 rGb|dfsf] blIf0fL w|'j
glhs k'u]sf] lyof] . Tolt a]nf To;n] rGb|dfsf] Tof] efudf wfd:Ssf
lbPsf] lyof] . To;n] wSsf lbFbf ^) b]lv !)) lkm6 km/flsnf] x'g] u/L
ToxfFsf] hldgnfO{{ ahf¥of] . ToxL a]nf @$ Uofn]g hlt kfgL lgl:sof] .
To;kl5 pgLx?n] Tof] kfgLnfO{{ TolQs} g5f]8]/ To;sf] k|efj s] x'g ;S5
eGg]klg kl/If0f u/]sf] atfPsf 5g . Ps bzs eGbf cl3 b]lv
;f}o{a}1flgsx?n] ;"o{sf] ls/0f slxNo} gkg]{ rGb|dfsf] Tof] efudf lxd
;+s]t b]v]sf lyP . To;kl5 lg/Gt/ To;sf] vf]hLdf nfUbf clxn] To;sf]
k'li6 ug{;kmn ePsf x'g .
5f]/L kfpg dl/xQ]
g]kfn, ef/t, e'6fg, kfls:tfg nufot blIf0f PlzofnL d'ns ' df t 5f]/f
kfpg dl/xQ] u5{ g} . hlt;'s} lasl;t eg]klg klZrdL d'ns ' df ;d]t
clxn];Dd 5f]/f kfpg rfv /fVg]sf] ;+Vofg} t'ngfTds ?kdf al9 5 . t/
y'k}| r/fsf hftL eg] efn] eGbf kf]yL kfpgs} nflu dl/xQ] ug{] /x]5g . x'gt
a}1flgsx?nfO{{ yfxf lyof] ls ;]l;n jfAn/ -lkm:6] r/f_, h]af| lkmGr -eFu/] f,
au8L ;d"bfosf] r/f]_ / l6« :jfnf] -uf}y+ nL_ n] lsg cfˆgf ar]/f sf]/lng'
klxn] rt'¥ofOF k"j{ rfnafhL u5{g eg]/ . clwsf+z a}1flgsx?n] clxn];Dd
6]:6f]:6f]/g xd{gsf] cg';Gwfg ug{] u/]sf /x]5g . clwsf+z a}1flgsx?n]
clxn] ;Dd 6]:6f]:6f]/g xd{gsf] dfq} k|fyldstfsf;fy cg';Gwfg ug]{ u/]sf
/x]5g . t/ clxn] sf]gn{ ljZj ljBfnosf cg';Gwfgbftfx?n] eg] k|fh ] :] 6f]/f]g
elgg] xd{gx?sf] cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP . of] cg';Gwfgaf6 s] kQf nfUof] eg]
kf]yLx?n] kf]yL sf]/Ngsf nflu k|fh ] :] 6f]/f]g xd{g sd 5f]8g\ ] /x]5g k"mn aGg]
k|f/lDes r/0fdf . pgLx?n] ls t k|f6] :] 6]/f]g xd{g al9 nufgL ul/lbg] ug{]
/x]5g . To;f] ubf{ kf]yLx? al9 sf]/lng] /x]5 . cg'c;Gwfaf6 s] kQf nfu]sf]
5 eg] hlt sd k|fh ] :] 6f]/f]g xd{g nuflg u¥of] plt efn]sf] ;+Vof sd x'g]
/x]5 . k|fh] :] 6]/f]g k"mn aGg] a]nfdf kf]yLn] d'Vo?kdf cfkm}n + ] nufgL ug{;Sg]
xd{g xf] . lt r/fx?n] lsg kf]yL al9 sf]/Ng vf]H5g t < a}1flgsx?sf
cg';f/ cfˆgf] jf;:yfgdf hxfF cfxf/fsf] ;+s6 al9 x'G5 ToxfF kf]yLx?n]
To:tf] u5{g . efn]x?n] eGbf kf]yLn] csf]{ a]tsf ar]/fx?nfO{{ cfxf/f vf]Hg
a9L ;xof]u ug]{ x'gfn] kf]yLx?n] kf]yLx? a9L kIfkftL Aojxf/ u/]sf] x'g ;Sg]
atfPsf 5g . Pp6f csf]{ tYo s] klg xf] eg] :tgwf/L hLjx?df efn] jf
kf]yL s] hGdG5 eGg] efn]sf] z'qmls6df e/ k5{ . t/ r/fx?df eg] kf]yLsf]
qmf]df]hf]dn] lgwf{/0f u5{ efn] jf kf]yL aGg]df .
df]6L x'g'x'G5 < 36\g] ef] :d/0fzlSt ¤
df]6L dlxnf b]Vbf klxn] klxn] vfOnfUbf], :j:y 7flgGYof] . 8\ofDdsf]
vfO nfUbf] 5 z/L/ . lx|:6k':6 5] . kftnf] z/L/ b]v]kl5 vfg] a]nfdf
nv]6] h:tf] eGg]x? cem}klg k|z:t} e]l6G5g . ef/tsf sltko 7fpFdf
cem}klg e'F8L nfu]sf], df]6f] z/L/ ePsfnfO{{ ;DkGg, ;'v kfPsf], bfd
ePsf] 7flgG5 . t/ clxn] < z/L/ w]/} df]6fpFbf ljleGg vfn] /f]u nfUg
;Sg] 8/ t 5Fb}5, j}1flgsx?sf] cWoogn] eg] df]6f dfG5]sf] :d/0f zlSt
sdhf]/ x'G5 eGg] kQf nfu]sf] 5 .
j}1flgsx?n] ljleGg dflg;sf] :d/0f zlSt k/LIf0f ubf{ z/L/df yf]/}
dfqfdf df]6f]kg j[4L x'Fb} hfFbfklg To;}sf cg'kftdf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'g]
kQf nfUof] . cyf{t z/L/df x'g] df]6f]kgsf] PsfO{ …a8L df; O{G8]S;Ú -la
Pd cfO{_ sf] dfqf hlt j[4L x'G5 To;}sf] cg'kftdf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'g]
/x]5 . w]/} dflg;x?nfO{{ pRr sf]n:] 6f]/n
] , d'6s
' f] /f]u, SofG;/, /Strfk sf
af/]df hfgsf/L lyof] h'g df]6f]kgl;t ;Da4 x'G5 . t/ df]6f]kgn] :d/0f
zlSt gf; 36fpF5 eGg] hfgsf/L rflxF lyPg . of] xfn;fn} ePsf] gofF
cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf] xf] .
of] tYo kQf nufpg cd]l/sfsf] gy{
j]:6g{ ljZjljBfno / lk6;{ au{ ljZjljBfnosf s]xL cg';GwfgsdL{x?n]
*,&$% dlxnfx?dfly k/LIf0f u/]sf lyP . tL dlxnfx? ^% / &( jif{ pd]/sf
lyP . tL ;a}nfO{{ s]xL k|Zgx? lbO{Psf] lyof] h;df ltgsf] b}lgs vfgkfg,
:jf:Yo cj:yf / ;du|?kdf lhpg] tl/sfaf/] ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . k/LIf0f kl5
df]6f]kg a9\b} hfFbf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'bF } hfg] kQf nfUof] . cg';Gwfgaf6 s]klg
kQf nfUof] eg] sDd/sf] t'ngfdf k'67\ fdf ePsf] al9 df]6f] kgn] t'ngfTds?kdf
a9L :d/0fzlSt 36fpF5 . t/ df]6f]kgn] s;/L lbdfusf] sfo{k0| ffnLnfO{{ k|efj
kf5{ eg] rflxF j}1flgsx?n] :ki6 a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg . t/ pgLx?n] s] cfz+sf
u/]sf 5g eg] al9 df]6fpFbf To;n] z/L/sf] /fu/; -xd{g_ sf] dfqfnfO{{
k|efljt u5{ / To;n] lbdfunfO{{ k|efljt u5{ . pgLx?n] s] klg cfz+sf u/]sf
5g eg] cgfjZos ?kdf df]6fpFb} hfFbf To;n] ;du|?kdf ;Dk"0f{ efunfO{{ g}
k|efljt kf5{ . k|l] :qmK;g km/ Go'l6«:gn x]lnª eGg] :jf:y ;DalGw k':tssf
n]vs lkmln; P afNrsf cg';f/ o;/L df]6fpFb} hfg'sf] sf/0f sdhf]/ kf]if0f,
vfgkfgsf] afgL / tl/sf clg Jofofdsf] cefjnfO{{ cf}NF ofPsf 5g . ahf/df
tof/L cj:yfdf lsg]sf vfg]s/' f gvfg], vfgkfgsf] tl/sfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ /
lgoldt cltl/St zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{ xf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf 5g .
 5 /fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@
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‘cvaf/’ gk9] j]va/ k9] em'7f va/
w/fgdf klxn] lgs} w]/} gf6s x'g]
uYof{] . aLrdf of] qmd 6'6\of] . lgs}
nfdf] ;dokl5 @)^* ;fn j}zfv
bf];|f] xKtfdf w/fgdf Pp6f gf6s
b]vfOof] . o;sf] syf o:tf] lyof]–
cg'hf aflgof n] ?= (! nfv gub
/ lx/fsf] xf/ km]nf kfl/g . s]xL lbg
3/df /flvg / h;sf] xf] o;}nfO{{
kmsf{Og . of] gf6s s]xL ;do;Dd
;To 7xl/of] . o; k|z; + gLo sfdsf]
;dfrf/ k|rf/k|;f/ eof] . ;a}hgfn]
pgsf] /fd|f] sfdsf] k|z+zf u/] .
/fi6«klt;Ddn] kmf]g u/]/ pgsf]
tfl/km u/] . o;sf] s]xL lbgd}
cg'hfsf af/]df ;~rf/dfWodn] z+sf
ug{yfn] . cyf{t kqsf/x?n] s]xL lbg
klxn] h] ;dfrf/ k7fPsf lyP Tof]
c;To ePsf] ;dfrf/ k7fP .
…cvaf/Ú k9]g eg] va/ yfxf x'Fb}g,
k9\of] eg] em'7f va/ yfxf kfOG5,Ú
c+u|]hL efiffdf n]Vg] ;flxTosf/
dfs{6j\ Lgn] eg]sf lyP . pgL d/]sf]
!)! jif{eO;s]sf] 5 . pgn] slDtdf
klg !)! jif{cl3sf] kqsfl/tfsf
af/]df o:tf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf] x'g'k5{
o; 36gfn] s] s'/f k|dfl0ft u¥of]
eg], dfs{6\jLgn] ef]u]sf] kqsfl/tf
g]kfndf cfh klg hLljt 5 . cyf{t
cvaf/ k9]g eg], /]l8of] ;'gg] eg]
/ 6]lnlehg x]/]g eg] va/ yfxf
kfOFb}g, cvaf/ k9\of] eg], /]l8of]
;'Gof] eg] / 6]lnlehg x]¥of] eg] em'7f
va/ yfxf kfOG5.Ú cg'hfn] 9fF6bf
/ pgn] eg]sf em'7f s'/f kqsf/n]
k|rf/k|;f/ ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{{
Tolt w]/} Iflt k'ug] xf]nf . ;lb|otsf]
v8]/L k/]sf a]nfdf o;n] s]xL
;dosf nflu eg] klg jiff{ u/fof] .
t/ ;gsdf em'7f s'/f ubf{ / To:tf
s'/fnfO{{ kqsf/n] k|rf/k|;f/ ubf{ w]/}
7"nf] Iflt ePsf pbfx/0f klg 5g .
s'/f !! jif{cl3sf] xf] . clxn]
cg' h fnfO{ { h:t} u/L Tolta] n f
lrtjgsf lj1fg k9\ g ] s] x L
o'jfx?nfO{{ rlr{t x'g] ;gs rNof] .
lj1fg ;DaGwL klqsf lgsfn]/ Tof]
OR5f k"/f ug{vf]h] h'g c;kmn x'g'
:jefljs lyof] . To;kl5 pgLx?nfO{{
s;}n] ;Nnfx lbof]– kqsf/ af]nfpg] .
lxGbL lkmNdsf] lx/f] Clts /f]zgn]
g]kfnLnfO{{ dg k/fpFlbg egL lbPsf]
cGtjftf{ s'g} Pp6f lxGbL l6eL
Rofgndf k|;f/0f ePsf] egL To;sf]
lj/f]wdf clnslt sfuh e]nf u/]/
89fpg] . pgLx?n] To;} u/] .
lrtjgsf] Pp6f klqsfn] ;dfrf/
5fKof] . To;kl5 g]kfnL kqsf/x?n]
Clts /f]zgn] g]kfnLsf] ckdfg
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|rf/k|;f/ u/] . clg
Clts /f]zgsf] lj/f]w ug{]x?sf]
:ofnsf] x'O{Fof rNof] . Cltsn]
cGt/jftf{ glbFb} g]kfnsf] ckdfg
u/]sf] b]Vg] kqsf/x?n] o:tf] x'OoF{ fsf]
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u/] . kqsf/x?n] o;/L rf}af6f]df
h'jfsf] 7"nf] vfn v8f ul/lbP h;df
cg]syl/n] RofFv] yfk] . g]skf -
Pdfn] _ Tolta] n f k| w fgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf lj?4 vf]O/f]
vGb} lyof] . To;sf g] t fx?n]
lul/hfnfO{{ x6fP/ cfk"m ;Qfdf hfg]
;kgf b]v] . To;}n,] To;sf g]tfx?n]
Clts /f]zgn] To;f] eg]s} xf] eg]/
cfuf]df £o" yk] . pu| /fi6«jfbLx?n]
klg cfkmg} gfy|f] km'6fP/ b]zelSt
k|bz{g ug{ /fd|f] cj;/ kfP . x'bF fx'bF f
g]kfnL sf+u|];s} Pp6f lr/f klg
lul/hf lj?4sf] o; vfndf RofFv]
yfKg k'Uof] . lul/hf lj?4 ;+;bdf
btf{ ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjnfO{{
an k'¥ofpg o;sf g]tfx? nfluk/] .
g]=lj= ;+3sf s]6fx?nfO{{ prfn]/
Clts /f]zgn] eGb} geg]sf] s'/fsf]
lj/f]wdf p208 h'n; " lgsfn] / o:tf]
gf/f 3GsfP– o;kflnsf] x} h f,
lul/hfnfO{{ n}hf . g]kfn aGb eof] .
tf]8kmf]8 eof] . uf]nL rNof] . dflg;
dfl/P . ;/sf/n] Clts /f]zgsf
ax;
df]xg d}gfnL
lkmNd b]vfpg k|ltjGw nufPsf]
3f]if0ff u¥of] . ;fDk|bflos b+uf
km} n fpg] k| o f; eof] . g] k fn
ef/taLrsf] ;DaGw lgs} lttf] eof] .
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfnsf dGqL;Fu
s'/f ug{k' ¥of] . olt eO;s]kl5 g]kfnL
cvaf/x?dWo] Pp6fn] ;DkfbsLo
n] V of] – …eGb} geg] s f] s' / fsf]
k|rf/k|;f/ ug{x'Fb}gYof] .Ú crDdsf]
s'/f rflxF s] lyof] eg] o:tf] cfzosf]
;DkfbsLo 5flkPsf] lbg ;f] x L
klqsfsf] dgf]/~hg k]hdf rflxF
g]kfnLsf] ckdfg u/]sf] eg]/ Clts
/f]zgsf] bf]xf]nf] sfl8Psf] lyof] . o;
aLrdf x'Fb} gePsf slt s'/f g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfn] xf] egL k|rf/k|;f/ u¥of] .
w]/} g]kfnLn] cfk"m d/]sf] ;dfrf/
;'Gg], x]g{ / k9\g] cj;/ kfP .
vgLvf]l;| u/]/ hLljsf ug{] ls;fg
cft+ssf/L agfOP . em'7f s'/f ug{]
ck/fw xf] eg] Tof] ck/fw g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfn] u¥of] . em'7f s'/f ubf{
a]kmfObf k'U5 eg] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn]
;dfhnfO{{ Tof] a]kmfObf k'¥ofof] . t/
Cltsb]lv cg'hf sf08;Dd cfOk'Ubf
g] k fnL kqsfl/tfsf] cfwf/e" t
sdhf]/L sfod} 5 . clxn] lglZrt
cvaf/nfO{{ v'lRrª eGg]x?n] o;
cl3 of] eGbf 7"nf ulNt u/]sf /]s8{
pgLx?s} klqsfsf kmfOndf ;'/lIft
5g . slxn]sflxF crDd nfU5– o:tf]
lsg x'G5 < b}lgs klqsfsf ;dfrf/
;Lldt Ifdtf ePsf kqsf/x?n],
;Lldt ;do -!%÷!^ 306f_ leq
ug{ ;Lldt k|of;sf e/df tof/
x'G5g . s'g} 36gf x'g' cl3 g}
;dfrf/ k|;f/ ug]{ xf]8df nfu]sf
/]l8of] / 6]lnlehgn] t olt ;do
klg kfpFbg} g . t/ h] hlt cˆ7\of/f
eP klg ;dfrf/ ;fFrf] t x'gk} 5{
;fFrf] g7xl/Psf] s'g} s'/f ;dfrf/
x'bF g} . g]kfnL kqsfl/tfdf ;fFrf] s'/f
/ xNnfsf aLrdf km/s gb]Vg] k|jl[ Q
clxn] klg xfjL 5 . w]/} s'/f ljrf/
ubf{ s] nfU5 eg] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn]
o; k|j[lQnfO{{ a]:;/L Rofk]/ a;]sf]
5 . o; k| j [ l Qk| l tsf] g] k fnL
kqsfl/tfsf] cfzlSt b]Vbf Pp6f 8/
nfU5– s;} n ] s' g } a] n f g] k fnL
kqsfl/tfsf] z/L/af6 o; k|jl[ QnfO{{
ha/h:tL lgsfn]/ kmflnlbof] eg]
g]kfnL kqsfl/tf To;}sf] ;lt hfg
tof/ x'g] kf] xf] ls < Pp6f lttf]
cg'ejsf cfwf/df d}n] o;f] eg]sf]
x'F . Clts /f]zg sf08 lrtjgaf6
km}ng' eGbf !) dlxgf klxn] g]kfn
k|; ] OlG:6Ro"6 / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
lrtjg zfvfn] lrtjgsf] k;f{df
Ps dlxg] cfwf/e" t kqsfl/tf
tflnd rnfPsf lyP . To;df
;Kt/Lb] l v gjnk/f;L;Ddsf
kqsf/x?n] efu lnPsf lyP . d}n]
x:t u'?ª;Fu ldn]/ b'O{ xKtf k|lzIf0f
lbPsf] lyPF . cl3Nnf] tflnddf eGbf
kl5Nnf] tflnddf cfk"mn] s]xL g s]xL
gofF s'/f hfg]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] 7fg]/
xfdL h'g tflndsf a]nfdf klg
kqsfl/tfsf gofF gofF k':ts k9g]
u5f}{F . o:t} Pp6f gofF k':tsdf
;dfrf/df ;To s'/fsf] slt dxTj
x'G5 eGg] af/]df cEof; ug{sf nflu
ultnf] pbfx/0f e]l6of] . To;nfO{{
tflnd ;~rfng ePsf] 7fpF lrtjg
-hxfF s'v'/fkfng Psbd} kmi6fPsf]
lyof]_ sf ;Gbe{df 9fNof}F . xfdLn]
kqsf/x?nfO{{ eGof}F M dflglng';,
tkfO{F ;dfrf/ vf]h]/ klqsfsf]
clkm; k'Ubf ;Dkfbs tkfO{; F uF ad
ad eP/ a;]sf /x]5g . eP5 s]
eg] lxhf] tkfO{n F ] h'g kz' 8fS6/;Fu
s'/f u/]/ ;dfrf/ n]Vg'ePsf] lyof]
pgn] tkfO{s F f] ;DkfbsnfO{{ kmf]g u/]/
eg]5g– tkfO{Fsf] ;+jfbbftf lxhf]
dsxfF cfPsf lyP . lrtjgsf]
s'v'/fdf ;?jf /f]u km}lnPsf]df
pgnfO{{ lrGtf nfu]sf] /x]5 . pgn]
To;sf] /f]syfdsf] pkrf/ s] 5 eg]/
;f]w] . d}n] Pp6f cf}iflwsf] gfd atfPF
/ Tof] s;/L nufpg] eGg] tl/sf
klg atfPF . cfh Tof] ;dfrf/
tkfO{Fsf] klqsfdf 5flkPsf] 5 .
tkfO{Fsf] l/kf]6{n] cf}iflwsf] gfd t
;xL n]v5 ] g t/ cf}iflw nufpg] ljlw
eg] unt n] v ] 5 g . d} n ] %)
ldlnln6/ cf}iflw %)) ln6/ kfgLdf
3f]n]/ s'v'/fsf] 7'F8f]df nufOlbg'
eg]sf] lyPF . tkfO{Fsf ;+jfbbftfn]
…%)) ln6/ kfgLdf 3f]n]/ eGg] s'/f
5'6fOlbP5g . tkfO{Fsf] klqsf /
dnfO{ { ljZjf; u/] / lrtjgsf
s'v'/fkfnsn] tkfO{Fsf] klqsfdf
5flkP h:t} u/]5g . kmn:j?k
lrtjgdf eP hlt ;a} % s/f]8
s' v ' / f d/] .Ú dflysf] s' / f
atfO;s]kl5 ;Dkfbsn] tkfO{FnfO{{
;f]w,] …ca tkfO{F s] ug{xG' 5 <Ú o;sf]
hjfkm lbg'; . kfFr ldg]6 hlt
;f]rljrf/ u/]kl5 kqsf/x?n] pQ/
lbg yfn] . …e"n;'wf/ ug{ .Ú …Ifdf
dfUg].Ú …cab]lv To;f] gug{.Ú …To;f]
ubf{ d/] s f kfF r s/f] 8 s' v ' / f
AoFl' tG5g <Ú Pshgf ;xefuLn] xfd|f]
sfd ;lhnf] agfOlbP . …s'v'/fsf]
7'F8fdf h'g cf}iflw bNg' eg]/ n]v]sf]
lyof] ToxL cf}iflw cfk\mgf] gfsdf bn]/
dg]{,Ú Pshgf ;xefuLn] ;dfwfg
lgsfn] . Psl5gsf] 5nkmnkl5 ;a}
;xefuLx? s] s'/fdf ;xdt eP eg]
;+;f/sf ;fd' d'v b]vfpg gx'g]
vfnsf] ulNt u/]sfn] o:tf] cj:yfdf
dg'{ g} a]; x'G5 . b; dlxgfkl5,
h'g lhNnfdf o:tf] cEof; u/]sf]
lyof] ToxL lhNnfaf6 Clts /f]zg
sf08sf] :ofn x'O{Fof ;'? eof] . of]
x'OoF{ f ToxL cvaf/af6 ;'? eof] h'g
cvaf/sf Pshgf ;+ j fbbftf
dflysf] cEof;df ;xefuL lyP .
…To; lbg d ljbfdf lyPF,Ú kl5 e]6b\ f
tL ;+jfbbftfn] eg]sf lyP . Clts
sf08sf] b'O{ dlxgfkl5 g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3n] lrtjg af]nfOof] . Ps
jif{klxn]sf] tflndsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
ug{ tflnddf h] gug{ eGg] lgisif{
lgsfNof] ToxL ug]{ kqsf/ ePsf]
7fpFdf cfpFlbg elglbPF . cln kl5
dx;'; u/]–F o:tf] c8fgdf al;/fVof]
eg] t g]kfn} 5f8\g' kg]{ /x]5 . To;}n]
kqsfl/tf tflnd lbg nflu/x]F .
o;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 ef/tsf] Pp6f
klqsfdf b'O{ k]hsf] lj1fkg 5flkof] .
b]al]| t/sf] k]hdf Pp6f kmf]6f] lyof]
h;df Pshgf dflg;nfO{{ Pp6f
cFWof/f] sf]7df s';L{df a;fOPsf]
lyof] . o;sf] cg'xf/df dfq} pHofnf]
/fd|f; ] uF k/]sf] lyof] . o;sf b'j} xft
p a;]sf] s';L{df afFlwPsf lyP . Tof]
dflg; 8/fPsf] lyof] . o;sf b'jl} t/
b' O { h gf dflg; plePsf lyP .
Pshgfsf] xftdf af] s ] s f] a:t'
/fd|f];Fu lrlgFb}gYof] . ;'O{ xf] ls
k]:tf]n h:tf] b]lvGYof] . of] lj1fkg
b] v ] k l5 kqsfl/tf tflnddf
kqsf/x?nfO{{ of] kmf]6f] b]vfP/ ;f]Wg
yfn]F– s;n], s;nfO{{, s;/L, lsg,
s] u/]sf] < ;a}n] cf–cfkmgf 1fg /
cg'ejsf cfwf/df yl/yl/sf hjfkm
lbG5g hf] o:t} vfnsf x'G5g M •
ckx/0fsf/Ln] aGwsnfO{{ k};f rfF8f]
Nofpg bjfj lbPsf] . • ;]gfn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ oftgf lbPsf] . •
k|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] .
• dfcf]jfbLn] ;'/IffsdL{nfO{{ dfg{
cfF6s ] f] . pgLx?n] hjfkm lbO;s]kl5
lj1fkgsf] csf]{ k]h b]vfpF5' . To;df
dfly 7"nf cIf/df n]lvPsf] 5
…ljlhg]; :6fG88{sf] ;+jfbbftf aGg
;lhnf] 5}g.Ú of] ef/taf6 lg:sg]
cfly{s klqsf lalhg]; :6fG88{sf]
lj1fkg xf] . To;sf] tn n]lvPsf]
5 M …;dfrf/ kf; x' g ' cl3
;+jfbbftfn] xfd|f] k/LIff kf; ug{k' 5{Ú
To;kl5 ;xefuLx? lha|f] sf8]/
eG5g– oftgf kfP h:tf], aofg lnFb}
u/] h:tf] b]lvg] dflg; t ;+jfbbftf
kf] /x]5 . o;sf jl/kl/ a;]/ oftgf
lbF b } u/] em} F nfUg] dflg; t
;Dkfbsx? kf] /x]5g . bf];|f] k]hsf]
tn kl§ c? s]xL jfSo n]lvPsf
5g . …xfdL o;nfO{{ ;f]W5f}F– tYofÍ
sxfF a f6 lnOPsf] xf] < tYofÍ
bf]xf]¥ofP/ r]s u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
;dfrf/df h;sf af/]df n]lvPsf]
5 o;nfO{{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbPsf] 5
ls 5}g < s;}n] Pp6f ;Gbe{df eg]sf]
s'/f unt cy{ nfUg] u/L csf{]
;Gbe{df pkof]u u/]sf] kf] 5 ls <Ú
…xfd|f xftdf ePsf] csf{] ;dfrf/
kf7ssf nflu a9L dxTjk"0f{ 5 eg]
oL ;a} s'/fsf] lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm
kfPkl5 klg xfdL o;sf] ;dfrf/
g5fKg ;S5f}F . v'zLsf] s'/f s] 5 eg]
clwsf+z dflg;n] o:tf] kqsfl/tf dg
k/fpF5g .Ú cfhef]ln kqsf/x?sf
nflu cfwf/e"t kqsfl/tf / lkmr/
n]vg h:tf hxfF klg, hlxn] klg /
h'g;'s} ljifodf klg sfd nfUg]
kqsfl/tfsf l;ksf af/]df tflnd x'g
5f8]sf 5g . ljleGg pknIfdf ljleGg
k'mSsf hf]8/] tflnd lbg] rng rflxF
a9]sf] 5 . pknIf h] eP klg d]/f]
nIf rflxF kqsfl/tfsf cfwf/e"t
s'/fsf af/]df cEof; u/fpg] x'G5 .
To;}n,] ;s];Dd ;a} tflnddf k|;Ë
ldNbf / tfgt'g kf/]/ k|;u+ ldnfpg
;Sbf;Dd lalhg]; :6fG88{sf] lj1fkg
b]vfpF5' . To;sf] cfzosf af/]df
5nkmn u/fpF5' . em08} cfwf 306f
nufP/ To; lj1fkgdf ePsf kmf]6f]
/ zAb x]l/÷kl9 ;s]kl5 ;xefuLx?
eG5g– ;+jfbbftfn] lgs} s7f]/ t/
pkof]uL k/LIff kf; u/]kl5 dfq}
;dfrf/ 5flkFbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f
a'emof}F . Tolta]nf t dnfO{{ klg
pgLx?n] a'em] em}F nfU5 . t/ kl5
klqsf k9\bf, /]l8of] ;'Gbf / l6le x]bf{
nfU5 of] s'/f Tolt ;lhn} a'emfpg
g;lsg] /x]5 . of] s'/f a'emfpg cem
w]/} hgfn] cem uDeL/tfsf ;fy cem
s8f k|of; ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 . slxn]sflxF
rflxF, hlt jif{ 9'Ëf| d] f /fv]klg afË}
x'g] of] s's/' sf] k'R5/ 9'Ëf| df /flv/fVg]
sfd d}n] lsg u/]sf] xf]nf h:tf]
nfU5 . kf]x/;fn o:t} s'/f ubf{ kqsf/
tyf kqsfl/tf k|lzIfs o1 zdf{n]
Pp6f syf ;'gfP . w]/j} 6f sfdsf
nflu jbgfd Pshgf k"jd{ GqLsf] of]
syf ;fFrf] xf] /] . syf o; k|sf/ 5 M
plxn] @)#^ ;fnkl5 Pshgf g]= lj=
;+3sf g]tf g]= lj= ;+3sf] k|rf/sf
nflu w/fg k'u5 ] g . ltgtfs w/fg
clvn -clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq
ljBfyL{ o"lgog_ sf] u9 lyof] .
clvnsf ToxfFsf g]tfx?n] g]= lj=
;+3sf g]tfnfO{{ ToxfFsf ljBfyL{ e]6g\
lbPg5g . …h] eGg' 5 xfdLnfO{{ eg,Ú
SofDk;sf] rp/df 3]/fdf kf/]/
clvnsf ljBfyL{n] eg]5g .Ú d]/f] s'/f
ljBfyL{x?nfO{{ eGg lbPgf} . l7s} 5 .
d cfk\mgf s'/f oxL rp/nfO{{ ;'gfP/
hfG5' . Ps lbg oxL rp/df g]= lj=
;+3 s;f] gpd|n ] f . …To;sf] w]/} jif{kl5
Ps k6s :jtGq ljBfyL{ o"lgogsf]
r'gfjdf g]= lj= ;+3n] lhTof] .
cfhef]ln lalhg]; :6fG88{sf] Tof]
lj1fkg b]vfpFbf d ;f]Rb5' Ps lbg
g Ps lbg s;f] Tof] s'/f a'emfpg
g;lsPnf < GofofwL; kl5 ;a} eGbf
a9L e"m7f s'/f ;'Gg' kg]{ k]zfdf nfu]/
klg …dflg;n] eg]sf] s'/f s;/L e"m7f
x'g;S5 /<Ú eGg] ;'wf] :jefj kqsf/n]
s;f] gTofUnfg < s;}sf] xfgL gx'g]
u/L 9fF l 6lbP/ cg' h fn] g] k fnL
kqsfl/tfnfO{{ ;'wg| ] df}sf lbPsL 5g .
:ofaf; cg'hf .
lag nfb]geGbf 7"nf] cft+ssf/L cd]l/sf
ljZjel/ cft+s dRrfpg] / xTof ug]{ s'VoftL sdfPsf] cnsfobfsf d'Vo
gfOs] cf];fdf lag nfb]g . logsf] k|z;+ f ug]{ s'/} ePg . ljZjel/ h]–hlt
gful/ssf] xTofdf oL ;+nUg eP, To;sf] hlt la/f]w ubf{ klg sd} x'G5 . t/
clxn] log} lag nfb]g dfl/Psf]df cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / cd]l/sL hgtfn] hlt xif{–
a9fOF u/]sf 5g\, Tof] klg eT;{gfof]Uo g} 5 . lsgeg] klxnf] t cd]l/sf :jo+
cf];fdf lag nfb]g hGdfpg] cft+ssf/L xf] / o;n] To:tf cft+ssf/L ljZjel/g}
hGdfO/x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] hf] lk5nUu' x'bF g} , ToxfFsf hgtfsf] sTn]cfd
ul//x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf /fi6«ktL af/fs cf]afdfn] ;}Go ck/]zgdf nfb]gsf]
xTof ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs t u/] . t/ ;fj{hlgs tl:j/ / l/kf]6x{ ?n] pgsf] xTof
ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg]df z+sfx? hf/L 5g\ . nfb]g dfl/pg\ jf gdfl/pg\,
cflv/ pgnfO{{ hGdfpg], cnsfobfsf] hfnf] km}nfpg] sfd cd]l/sfn] g} u/]sf]
xf] . ckmuflg:tfgdf to:TsfnLg ;f]leot ?;n] cfqmd0f ubf{ ;f]leot kmf}hlj?4
n8\g cd]l/sfn]g} prfn]sf] lyof] . lag nfb]gnfO{{ . cd]l/sfn] cfly{s ;xof]u
u¥of] . cfw'lgs xft xltof/ lbof] . sfo{stf{ / n8fs" hGdfof] . Tolta]nf ;f/f
;xof]u u/]/ ;f]leot la?4 n8\g] d'hflx2Lgx?nfO{{ prfNof] . ;f]leot ;+3l;t
n8\g] a]nf cd]l/sL k};f]d} nfb]gn] cnsfobf ;+u7g vf]n] . xhf/f}nF fO{{ cft+ssf/L
tflnd lbP, n8fs' hGdfP . o;/L ;f]leot ;+3 lj?4 cd]l/sfn] cft+s dRrfof]
nfb]gnfO{{ k|of]u u/]/ . cflv/df e}lbof] s] eg] cGttM nfb]g cd]l/sfs} la?4
plqP ha cd]l/sfn] ;f]leot ;+3l;t dfq} n8\g gvf]h/] ;Dk"0f{ ;fpbL c/ael/g}
bfbflu/] b]vfpg yfNof] . ;f/f c/a d'ns ' km'6fP/ kmfObf lng yfNof] . ToxfFsf]
t]n vfgLdf cfFvf uf8\g / cft+s dRrfP/ c/a d'ns ' df efF8e}nf] dRrfpg
yfNof] . ToxL s'/f nfb]gn] ?rfPgg\ . nfb]gn] cd]l/sL ;]gf dWok"jd{ f t}gfy
gug{ k6s–k6s cfu|x u/], r]tfjgL lbP cd]l/sfnfO{ . g6]/k] l5 ;g\ !((* df
nfb]gn] cd]l/sf la?4 g} o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ c/a d'ns ' nfO{{ cd]l/sfl;t n8\g
cfXjfg u/] . cflv/ c/a d'ns ' df ;]gf /fVg], ToxfFsf] t]n vfgL / k|fs[lts
;|ft] df n'6 dRrfpFbf nfb]gn] cfFvf lrlDnPsf] eP cd]l/sfsf] lk|o e}/xGy]
nfb]g . c? b]zdf hlt Hofg lnP klg, cft+s dRrfP klg cd]l/sfsf]
kl/efiffdf Tof] cft+s x'g] lyPgg\ olb cd]l/sfn] eg]sf ;f/f zt{ nfb]gn]
dflglbPsf] eP . To;}n] cft+ssf/Lsf] xTof eGb} clxn] v';L dgfpg] cd]l/sfg}
nfb]gsf] ;[li6stf{ xf], cem 7"nf] cft+ssf/L xf] . k|;Ë lag nfb]gsf] dfq} xf]Og,
cd]l/sfn] sxfF dRrfPsf] 5}g cft+s < O{/fssf tfgfzfx ;2fd x';g] nfO{{ ckb:t
ug{] gfddf clxn];Dd cd]l/sL ;]gfn] xhf/f}F ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof ul/;s]sf
5g\ . nfvf}F afnaflnsfnfO{{ cft+lst kfg],{ dfg],{ nv6\g] ul//x]s} 5 . ckmuflg:tfg
/ O{/fsdf la/f]wLx?nfO{{ UofF;sf] RofDa/df xfn]/ cd]l/sL ;]gfn] lhpFb} cfuf]
nufPsf bb{gfs b[Zon] cd]l/sfsf] k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d'v0' 8f] pbfËf]
kfl//x]s} 5 . hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;df, gfufzfsLb]lv adf{ / leotgfd o'4df cd]l/sfn]
u/]sf] xTof / cft+sn] cd]l/sf ljZjs} ;a}eGbf Jojl:yt, s'zn cft+ssf/L xf]
eGg] 5n{Ë} 5 . c? b]zsf] ;'g, rfFbL, kmnfdnufotsf vfgL, t]n e08f/nufot
cGo k|fs[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgx?df cd]l/sfn] lu4sf h:tf cfFvf uf8\5 .
Jofkf/sf zt{x? nfb\5 . cfˆgf] lk5nUu' agfpg vf]H5 . ha :jtGqk|d] L
gful/s / /fi6«n] To;sf] ;dy{g ub}g{ g\, o;n] tTsfn} cft+ssf/L b]Vg yfN5 .
ljZjnfO{{ n'6/] hDdf kf/]sf] o;sf] ;}Go ;fdu|Lsf] pGdfb b]vfP/ adaf/L ;'?
ul/xN5 . clxn] klg O/fg, O{/fs, l;l/of, ckmuflg:tfgnufot ;Dk"0f{dWo]
k"js { f cd]l/sfs} cft+s hf/L 5 . pQ/ sf]l/of, lrnLdf cd]l/sL wDsL /
cft+s p:t} 5 . Kofn]l:6gLx?nfO{{ bafpg] / Oh/fonnfO{{ prfNg] sfd cd]l/sfs}
gLlt / lgb]z { gdf rln/x]s} 5 . Toltn] gk'u/] blIf0f cd]l/sf;Dd t]nsf]
e08f/dfly sAhf hdfpg cd]l/sfn] e]gh ] o' nfl;t lgx'F vf]lh/x]s} 5 . ptf
O{/fgdfly cfqmd0f ug{k' 5{ eg]/ rlDs/x]s} 5 . lnlaofdfly cfqmd0f u/]/
cft+s dRrfO/x]s} 5 . To;}n] ljZjdf hxfF czflGt / cft+s 5 ToxfF cd]l/sfsf]
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf 5 . cd]l/sL hgtfn] Pp6f lag nfb]g dfl/Fbd} f xif{–
a9fOF ug{s ' f] s'g} t's 5}g . lsgeg] ha;Dd cft+sf d"n sf/0f, d"ne"t ;|ft] x?
lgld6\ofGg kfl/Fbg} g\, ta;Dd cft+sjfb lgd"n{ x'g ;Sb}g . cft+sjfbnfO{{
lgd{n" ug{ t klxn] cd]l/sf :jo+n] cft+s l;h{gf ug{ aGb ug{' cfjZos 5 .
cfˆgf] :jfy{ kbf{ k|hftGqsf] kx/]bf/ 7fGg] / cfˆgf] :jfy{df wSsf kgf{;fy
cft+sjfb b]Vg] s'bl[ i6 aGb ul/g' h?/L 5 . cfˆgf :jfy{sf nflu cft+sjfbLx?nfO{{
kfngkf]if0f ug]{ cd]l/sL :jfy{ aGb ul/g' cfjZos 5 . cft+sjfbLx?n] p7fPsf
hfoh dfux?nfO{{ ;Daf]wg ul/g' klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . gq cft+sjfbsf
gfddf rd]/] gLlt sfod /fVb} cfˆgf :jfy{sf nflu ljZjel/ cft+s dRrfpFb}
u/]/ cft+sjfbsf] lgd"n{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . Pp6f lag nfb]gsf] xTof eP klg
;of}F lag nfb]g hlGd/xG5g\ .
g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;d'Ggt eljio
lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf xfdL g]kfns} xf] .
To;}n] xfdLdf ePsf] ckf/
Ifdtfsf] ;b'kof]u u/f}+ .
g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
/fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@ 6

v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j / o;sf k|efjx?===
(! jif{ku' s ] f k]g/' L z]kf{ cfˆgf]
e]ife'iff ;lxt ;]a'| g[To ul//xFbf ;a}n]
pgsf] k|z; + f ul//x]sf lyP . jif{n] (
bzs a9L ePklg pgsf] ;]a'| g[To
k|bz{gsf qmddf b]lvPsf] hf]z clg
k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmd ePsfn] klg
;a}sf] Wofg z]kf{ k|lt s]lGb|t lyof] .
z]kf{nfO{{ of] cj;/ v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j
@)!! n] k|bfg u¥of] . a}zfv ( ut]af6
z'? ePsf] dxf]T;jsf] klxnf] lbg g}
z]kf{ ;lxt cGo w]/} z]kf{ ;d"xn]
k|ltof]lutfTds tyf ck|ltof]uL :ofa|'
g[To k|:t't u/] . k]g/' L em} cfËkf;fª
z]kf{ -*)_ / cfªl/~hL z]kf{ -&%_ klg
csf{] cfsif{0fsf] laGb' ag] . k|fo z]kf{
o'jflar nf]k x'g yfln;s]sf] k/Dk/fut
:ofa|' g[TonfO{{ hf]ufpg tL a[4a[4fx?n]
o'jfx?sf] ;fy lbO{/x]sf x'g .
z]kf{ hfltsf] klxrfg emNsfpg] of]
g[To x]l//x]sL :yflgo lasf; dGqL
pld{nf cof{n klg b+u b]lvlGyg . v'Da'
ko{g dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf k|dv
cltlysf] ?kdf cfPsL dGqL cof{nn]
z]kf{ hfltsf] dfq} x}g :yflgo:t/df
a;f]af; ug]{ ls/fFt tyf tfdfË hfltsf]
laleGg k|:t'ltaf6 klg dVv k/]sf]
atfO{g . pb\3f6g ;qsf] cj;/df z]kf{,
tfdfË / ls/fFt hfltsf] ;+:s[lt emNsg]
k/Dk/fut g[Tosf ;fydf emfFsL ;d]t
k|:t't ePsf lyP .
ljZjs} rlr{t dflgPsf] ;f]nv ' D' a'sf]
v'Da' If]qdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] o;
dxf]T;jn] Pp6f 5'§} klxrfg / dxTj
af]ss] f] eP/ klg xf]nf v'Da' If]qdf
/x] s f hfthfltsf] ;xeflutf
dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g x'ge' Gbf cufl8b]lv
g} ;lqmo ?kdf /Xof] . a}zfv ( ut]
laxfg sf7df8f}aF f6 n'Snf cf]ln{Psf
afXo tyf cfGt/Ls ko{6sx?nfO{{
:jfut ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]hs,
:yflgo hfthfltsf ljleGg emfFsL,
dx]Gb|Hof]lt pRr dflj, :yflgo ;d'bfon]
!) j6feGbf a9L xjfO{hxfhaf6
;u/dfyf If]q e|d0fsf nflu cfPsf
ko{6sx?nfO{{ vfbf nufP/ :jfut
u/]sf lyP . ko{6sx?sf] :jfut
kZrft ljleGg hflthfltsf] emfFsL tyf
ljBfnox?sf] ¥ofNnLn] n'Snf ahf/
kl/qmdf u¥of] .
pb\3f6g ;qsf qmddf :yflgo
lasf; dGqL pld{nf cof{n s]xL a]/
cfsif{0fsf] kf6f] aGg'eof], sf/0f dGqLsf]
n'Snf cfudg / o;n] kfg]{ k|efj s]
x'G5 eGg] dxf]T;jdf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{{
nflu /x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] xf]nf dGqL
cof{nn] klg dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf
af]Ng} ;a} aQmfsf] egfO{ l6kf]6 ul/g .
ToxL l6kf]6sf cfwf/df pgn] ko{6sLo
ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg cfˆgf] tkm{af6
;Sbf] k|of; ug{] k|lta4tf hgfO{g .
ljZjs} dxTjk'0f{dflgPsf] ;u/dfyf
/x]sf] v'Da' If]q cfpg] cj;/ ko{g
dxf]T;jn] k|bfg u/]sf]df v'lz AoSt
ub}{ dGqL cof{nn] n'Snfdf 68\sf/f]
;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL tyf
9n lgsf;sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
Soflag]6df s'/f p7fpg] hf]8bf/ efif0f
g'tg >]i7, n'Snf
ul/g . o;cl3 cfof]hssf tkm{af6
sl/a $ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] vfg]kfgL
of]hgf laleGg :yfgdf k]z eO{;s]sf]
s'/f cfPkl5 dGqL cof{nn] cfufdL
ah]6df of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
lglb{i6 x'g] u/L ah]6 lalgof]hg ug{]
tkm{ ; Sbf] kxn ug{ ] cfZjf;g
n'Snfaf;LnfO{{ lbO{g .
…;+ / If0f / lbuf] ;fd' b flos
lasf;sf nflu ko{6gÚ eGg] d'n
gf/f;lxt z'? ePsf] ko{6g dxf]T;jsf]
pb\3f6g ;qnfO{{ g} ;Daf]wg ub}{
;ef;b\ nSsL z]kf{n] v'Da' If]q tyf
ko{6gsf] lasf;df ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f
gk'us ] f] eGb} cfqmf]z JoSt ul/g .
z]kf{n] ko{No:6gsf] lasf;sf nflu
:yflgo ;d'bfosf] ;lqmotf ct'ngLo
ePsf] eGb} lxdfnL lhNnfsf] lasf;sf
nflu /fHon] 7f]; sbd rfNg' kg]d{ f
' pgsf] hf]8 lyof] . To:t} csf{ ;ef;b\
cfªbfjf z]kf{n] klg v'Da' If]qdf
b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? s]nfpFb} ;dfwfgsf
nflu ;a} kIf ;lqmo x'gk' g{] atfO{g .
;u/dfyf /fli6« o lgs' ~ h,
rf} / Lvs{ d Wojlt{ If] q pkef] Q mf
;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+rfng ePsf]
dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g kZrft lgoldt
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng x'bF } uP . To;
qmddf dxf]T;jsf] cfsif{0f s] xf]nf
eGg] ;a}nfO{{ nfUof] clg t]l~hË–lxnf/L
ladfg:yn, n'Snf glhss}sf] rp/df
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] dxf]T;jsf] :6n
tkm{le8 tflgof] . dxf]T;jdf # j6f
5'§f5'§} :6nx? /x]sf lyP, h;df z]kf{,
ls/fFt / tfdfË hfltn] cfˆgf]
klxrfgsf laleGg kl/sf/x? ;hfP/
/fv]sf lyP . ToxfF z]kf{ hfltsf
tkm{af6 nfFnL u'/fFz dlxnf hfu/0f
;d"x rf}/Lvs{ $ d';] / af}4 dlxnf
hfu/0f ;d"x rf}/Lvs{ @ n] ;+oS' t
?kdf :6n v8f u/]sf lyP eg]
ls/fFtx?sf tkm{af6 v'Da' ls/fFt /fO{
pTyfg ;dfh, n'Snfn] k|ltlglwTj
u/]sf] lyof] . tfdfË hfltsf] :6nsf]
lhDd]jf/L tfdfË ˆofk'mNnf ;dfhsf]
/Xof] .
:6ndf z]kf{ hfltsf tkm{af6 cfn'
/f]6L, l/Nbf]s, :ofSkf, tf]xf], dMdM
nufotsf kl/sf/, ls/fFtsf tkm{af6
l9F8f], RofVnf, l;:g', u'Gb|s
' sf] crf/
tyf tfdfËsf tkm{af6 ;]n/f]6L, k'mnf}/f,
afa/] /f] 6 L nufotsf kl/sf/
dxf]T;jsf ko{6sx?nfO{{ rvfO{Psf]
lyof] . To:t} dxf]T;jsf] csf]{ cfs{if0f
aGof] laleGg ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd,
ljBfno:t/Lo jSt[ T jsnf,
xfhLl/hjfkm, nf]s g[To, /fli6«o lae'lt
kf;fË Nxfd" z]kf{ :d[lt lhNnf:t/Lo
v'Nnf elnan k|ltof]lutf . oL ljleGg
k|ltof]lutfdf klg pkl:yt bz{sx?n]
;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfP .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ko{6g
jif{ ;g @)!! nfO{{ ;xof]u ug{] p2]Zon]
cfof]lht v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;jnfO{{ cem
k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu 6«]lsË
Ph]G;L O;f]lzo;g ckm g]kfn -6fg_
;Fusf] ;xsfo{df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] v'Da'
If]qdf ko{6g Aoj;fo / kj{tf/f]x0f
;DaGwL cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf
;d]t ul/of] . a}zfv !# ut] n'Snfdf
g} cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cGt/lqmofn] klg
v'Da' If]qsf] ko{6gsf ljifodf w]/} s'/f
aflx/ Nofof] . laif]ztM ko{6gsf] jt{dfg
cj:yf, ljZjahf/df a9L /x]sf]
d+xufO{n] ko{6gdf kf/]sf] c;/,
ko{6sLo If]qdf vf]lnPsf ljleGg
Aoj;fosf] cj:yf, ko{6g dhb'/, gofF
ko{6sLo If]qsf] vf]lhsf ljifo
cGt/lqmofdf dxTjsf] ljifo aGof] .
To:t} hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] lxdfnL If]qdf
kfl//x]sf] c;/ / o;sf] k|efjn] dfgj
;d'bfodf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] Ifltsf ljifodf
w]/} rrf{ eP .
g] k fn kj{ t f/f] x 0f ;+ 3 sf
e'tk"jc { WoIf cfË l5l/Ë z]kf{n] hnjfo"
kl/jt{gsf] k|ToIf c;/ g]kfn /
g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]qnfO{{ kl//x]sf] atfP .
pgn] s]xL jif{cl3sf] ;f]nv ' D' a' If]qdf
/x]sf lxdfnx?sf] cj:yf / jt{dfg
cj:yfsf] km/s cf}NofpFb} o:t} cj:yf
;[h
[ gf eO{/xg] xf] eg] ;'gfdLn] ug{] eGbf
7"nf] lagfz g]kfnsf lxdfnL e]udf a:g]
dflg;x?n] ef]Ug' kg]{ s'/f cf}NofP .
z]kf{n] eg]–…lxdfnL If]qdf /x]sf
lxdgbLsf] cfsf/ lbgk|ltlbg a9L/x]sf]
5, olb of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg tTsfn
vf]lhPg eg] hfkfgdf ;'gfdLn] h;/L
lagfz u/]sf] 5 To:t} lagfz g]kfndf
klg gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg .Ú
* 306feGbf a9L rn] s f]
cGt/lqmofdf ko{6g / kj{tf/f]x0fsf
w]/} s'/fx? cfP t/ To;nfO{{ ;du|df
s;/L k|:t't ug{] eGg] lgrf]8 eg]
lg:sg ;s]g . ko{6g dGqfnosf
pk;lrj sdn e§/fO{, dGqfnosf cGo
kbflwsf/L, ko{6g tyf kj{tf/f]x0f;Fu
;DalGw ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglw,
ko{6g Aoj;foL, ko{6g dhb'/sf s]Gb|Lo
k|ltlglw nufot :yflgosf] pkl:ylt
/x]sf] ;f] cGt/lqmofn] lgsfn]sf ljleGg
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L xf]nf ;a}sf]
kvf{Os { f] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .
cfof]hssf tkm{af6 6fgsf k|yd
pkfWoIf aRr'gf/fo0f >]i7n] jt{dfg
cj:yfdf g]kfndf u'0f:t/lxg ko{6g
Aoj;fo ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] atfP . pgn]
eg] – …ko{6g Aoj;fodf clxn] c:j:Yo
d'Nosf] k|lt:kwf{ ePsfn] g]kfndf
;f]rh ] :tf] ko{6g Aoj;fo kmi6fpg
;s]sf] 5}g .Ú pgn] yk] – b]ze/sf]
ko{ 6 g If] q df b] l vPsf lalaw
;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;lx ;Daf]wg
/ ;dwfgsf nflu ko{6g If]qsf ljleGg
;+ 3 ;+ : yfn] k| o f; u/] t f klg
:yflgo:t/sf dflg;x? ;lqmo ePgg .
o;/L cf/f]k, ;d:ofsf] klxrfg,
cfO{k/]sf] sl7gfO{sf] l6kf]6 To;
cGt/lqmofn] * 306f nufP/ u¥of] .
& lbg;Dd ;+rflnt dxf]T;jsf]
qmddf cfof]lht v'Da' ;fFlults ;fFemn]
klg pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{{ /dfO{nf] k|bfg
u¥of] . g]kfnsf rlr{t uflosf s'lGt
dfQmfg, l;Gw' dNn, ufosx? ldªdf
z]kf{ / /f]h dfQmfgsf] cfjfh;Fu
/dfPsf pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{{ l8=h]=
t]l~hËn] grfP . ;fFlults sfo{qmddf
uLtsf] /dfO{nf];uF } dgf]h uh'/n ] sf]
xf:oAoËn] n'SnfnfO{{ a]:;/L x;fof] .
o;/L ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy rn]sf]
dxf]T;jsf af/]df a'‰bf :yflgo ls/fFt
;d'bfosf k'vf{ klQaxfb'/ s'nË' n]
dxf]T;jnfO{{ ;du|df /fd|} dfg]sf] atfP .
pgn] eg] …v'Da' If]qdf klxnf] k6s
cfof]lht dxf]T;jsf s]xL sdhf]/L
/x]klg hfthfltsf] klxrfg emNsfpg
d4t k'us ] f] 5 .Ú ;u/dfyfsf] sfv
n'Snfdf z]kf{x?sf] afx'Notf a9L /x]klg
ls/fFtx?nfO{{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg' /fd|f]
kIf xf],– /fO{sf] egfO{ lyof] . To:t}
dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu kGtL z]kf{n] klg
dxf]T;jn] s]xLnfO{{ /f]huf/L lbPsf]
atfO{g . ;du|df ;+:s[ltsf] hu{g] fdf
of] dxf]T;j ;kmn ePsf] z]kf{nfO{{ nfu]sf]
5.
t/ dxf]T;j x]gc { fPsf s]xLn] eg]
dxf]T;jsf] k|rf/ hlt eAo ?kdf
ul/Psf] lyof] To;cg';f/ Aoj:yfkg
gePsf] eGb} u'gf;f] klg u/] . dxf]T;jn]
Pp6f kIfnfO{{ dfq} x}g ;du| lhNnfsf]
tyf laif]ztM v'Da' If]qsf] klxrfgnfO{{
a9L kl/lrt u/fpg] lqmofsnfk
ug{;Sg' kYof{] To:tf] gePsf] s'/fx?
dxf]T;jsf] qmddf rn] . ko{6sLo
df};dsf a]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] of]
dxf]T;jdf afXo ko{6s tyf tNnf]
e]usf uflj; Pj+ l5d]sL lhNnfsf
dflg;x?sf] ;xeflutf sd} /x]sf] lyof] .
dflyNnf] # uflj; rf}/Lvs{ gfDr] /
v'Dh'Ë uflj;nfO{{ kl/lrt u/fpg] v'Da'
If]qsf] gfdn] d+xufO{sf] klg kl/ro
lbg] ePsfn] cGo dflg;x?sf]
;xeflutf sd /x]sf] egfO{ n'Snfdf
laut @ jif{ b ] l v a;f] a f; ub} {
cfpg'ePsf /fdaxfb'/ s6'jfnsf] 5 .
pgL eG5g …dxf]T;jsf] ;xeflutf /
To;df /x]sf :6nx? cln sd klg
eof] . dxf]T;jdf cem} ljleGg s'/fx?
c6fpg ;lsGYof], h;n] :yflgo
;xeflutf cem a9L xf];\ .Ú
o;/L ljleGg JolStx?sf] cfˆg}
egfO{ / cfof]hssf] lg/Gt/ v6fO{;uF }
v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j @)!! sf] ;kmn
?kdf ;dfkg eof] . of] dxf]T;jn]
ko{6gsf] If]qdf v'Da' If]qnfO{{ cem
a9L cuf8L a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
t/ of] k|of; dxf]T;jdf g} l;ldt
/fVg] xf] sL elaiodf o;sf] d'NofÍg
ub}{ gofF / cem cfs{ifs sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug]{ eGg] cfof]hs / v'Da'
If]qdf /x]sf ljleGg kIfsf] xftdf 5 .
dxf] T ;jn] afXo tyf cfGtl/s
ko{6snfO{{ k"0f{?kdf ;d]6g g;s]tf
klg cfufdL lbgdf o:tf q'6LnfO{{
kG5fpFb} sfo{cl3 a9fpg ;lsPdf
;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]uaf6 ko{6g
nufot :yflgo ;d'bfosf] a[l4
ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
ˆ
l;h{gfsf y'·f
slxn] cfpnf b]zdf zflGt / ;+ljwfg <
;ljtf nfdf
ha d ;f]+Rg] u5{' b]zdf zflGt xf]nf, hgtfn] /fxft kfpnf
hgtfn] ?rfPsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf]nf, zflGtsf] lbg cfpnf
;f]r]sf] lyP qmflGtsf] cfuf] lgE5 xf]nf, b]zdf ljsfz xf]nf
t/… cfzf s]jn lg/fzfdf kl/0ft x'Fbf, lwSsfg k'U5'
cfkm}nfO{{ clg b]zsf cle>fk ag]sf g]tfx?nfO{{ ÛÛ
d'No j[l4n] cfsfz r'd]sf] 5, klxnfsf] ;"gsf] efpdf clxn] g"g 5
xfd|f g]tfnfO{{ ;Qf kfP k'U5 eQf krfpgnfO{,{ u/Ljsf] j]jf:tf u5{g
ltg} u/Ljn] lt/]sf] /fhZjdf n'5fr'8+ L ub}{ s';L{sf] nflu xfgyfk u5{g
t/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/fdf df}g wf/0f u5{g
lwSsf/ 5 ltdLx?nfO{{, hf] ul/jsf] kl;gfdf kf}l8 v]Ng ?rfpg] u5{ ÛÛ
slxn] cfpnf gofF ;+ljwfg / lbuf] zflGt eg]/ hgtf Aou| k|ltIffdf 5g
g]tfx? rfxLF kfnf] km]/L 3'dfO{ lkm/fO{ ;Qfdf hfg] l/n] bfp ldnfpg Jo:t 5g
s;}nfO{{ ;ef;b\sf] eQfn] gk'u/] /ftf] kf;kf]6s{ f] b'?kof]u u/]/ sdfpg] ub{5g
t/===;Ddfg ug{' kb{5 xfdLn] hf] cg'hf hl:t c;n rl/q ePsL gf/LnfO{
lwSsf/ 5, ltdL JjfF;fx?nfO{{ h;n] b]zsf] abgfd u/L b]zsf] O{Hht kmfNg]nfO{{ ÛÛ
xfn– kmjf{lgof, s'jt]
uhn
b]z xfd|f] sfxfF hfb} 5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
xfd|f clwsf/ s;n] vf]:of] xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
lbPsf 5f} s/ /fHonfO{ lgefsf 5f} st{Ao gL
b]zsf] 9's'6L s;n] ;f]¥of] xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
3'; b]zsf] SoG;/ g} xf] lbg] vfg] ;a} bf]zL
sfo{jfxL lsg x'Gg st} xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
/fHon] gL lrGg'k5{ cfk\mgf] sfd / st{AonfO{
hgtfsf] nfuL s] ub}{ 5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
u/Lj clg lgd'vfnfO{ k/Ljt{gsf] cfef; lbg'k5{
zflGt ;+ljwfg slxn] x'G5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
/f] z g
wGo af“lrof] dGqLHo"
lbgfgfy >] i 7
d ;fg} lyPF . s'g rflxF dGqL xf] sL k|wfgdGqLn] xf] …kz'ktL cfo{3f6df
nfz hnfpgsf] nfuL cTofw'lgs pks/0fsf] Aoa:yf u5{Ú eg]/ k'ms]y] .
tL dGqL sL k|wfgdGqL b"/bzL{ /x]5g . pgnfO{{ @$ 306f dWo] @@÷@#
306f nf]8;]l8Ë x'G5 eg]/ klxNo} yfxf /x]5 . To;}n] t af]n] dfq, s]xL
u/]gg . tL dGqL÷k|wfgdGqL zfnLg /x]5g / alrof] . s'g} ;lGs dGqL
eOlbPsf] eP, ˆof§ pks/0f hf]l8xfNy], clg < nfzx?sf] nfO{{g otfkl§
sf]6Z] j/ ptfkl§ uf]Ëa' k'UYof] . …d klxnf cfÚsf]Ú eg]/ nfzx?sf] ;w}+ s'tf{
s':tL kYof{] . Tof] ?6df af6f] v'nfpg 6«lkmsnfO{{ ;w}+ xDd] xDd] kYof{] . 9'Ëf
xfGg], 6fo/ afNg], /]lnË efFRg] sfddf nfzˆx?lar k|lt:kwf{ x'GYof] .
6]lnlehg Rofgnx?n] …nfO{e { Ú k|zf/0f uy],{ Pkm Pdx?n] 3G6} lkR5] em8ksf]
af/]df km'ls/xGy], klqsfx?n] x]8nfO{g{ n]Vy], …kmnfgf kmnfgf kf6L{sf …nfz
eft[ ;+u7gÚ lar ePsf] bf]xf]/f] em8ksf sf/0f sf]6]Zj/ b]vL uf]Ëa'
;Ddsf] If]q tgfau|:t .Ú clg, s–s;n] s] s] uy{ < – blnt, hghflt,
dlxnf, pTkLl8t, l;dfGts[t ju{sf] nfz hnfpg cf/If0f k|bfg ug{sf]
nfuL Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] …d'lQmÚ cfGbf]ng u¥of] . – …vgfn kIfsf]
nfznfO{{ k|fyldstf lbg] sL cf]nL kIfsf] nfO{{Ú eGg] laifodf Pdfn]df rsf]{
dte]b x'GYof] . …o'jfx?sf] nfznfO{{ k|fyldst lbg'k5{ eGg] laifodf sfFu; ]| sf
g]tfx?n] rsf]{ bafa ;fdgf ug{'kYof{] . – dw]zafbL bnx?n] ;/sf/df
;xefuL x'g' c3L zt{/fVy], …dw];Lsf] nfz hnfpg k|fyldstf lbO{g'k5{ .Ú
– dlxnf ;+u7gx?sf] dfu x'GYof], …dlxnf cfwf cfsfz ePsf]n] dlxnfx?sf]
nfz hnfpg ##% xf]Og{ %)% cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf x'gk' 5{ .Ú – ljBfyL{x?sf]
dfu x'GYof], …ljBfyL{sf] nfz hnfpgsf] nfuL kl/ro kqsf] cfw/df %)%
z'Ns s6f}tL ug'{k5{ .Ú clg a'9fa'9Lsf] vlNtdf klg ljBfyL{ kl/rokq
e]l6GYof] . – ;/sf/n] jif{df !& k6s k'mSYof], …yd{ KnfG6sf] Joj:yf u/L
nfznfO{{ oyflz3| l56f] hnfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .Ú – r'gfa cl3 /fhg}lts
bnx?sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf n]lvGYof], …nfznfO{{ btf{ ePsf] ldtLn] Ps dlxgf
leq} hnfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .Ú – ;a}sf] Wofg nfznfO{{ s;/L l56f] eGbf
l56f] hnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] laifodf s]lGb|t x'GYof] t/ nf]8;]l8Ë 36fpg]
laifodf ;a} r'k . kf7s ldq of] kl9;s]kl5 tkfO{+ klg kSs} eGg'x'g]5,

sf]l/of uP/ wg sdfpg] ;kgf

sf7df8fF} . k|lzIffyL{ sfdbf/ o'jf k':tfn] ;/sf/n] g} j}b]lzs klg Joj;fo ug{;lsG5 lg eGg] ePsfn] efiff k/LIff clgjfo{ ul/Psf]
…wGo dGqLHo", s]lx u/]gf} Û alrof] .Ú

rf}/Lsf] /utaf6 @^ nfv cfDbfgL

k|0ffnLdf o; jif{ blIf0f sf]l/of hfg
rfxfg] em08} %* xhf/ o'jfx?n]
clGtd lbg laxLaf/;Dd cfj]bg
kmf/d e/]sf 5g . blIf0f sf]l/of uP/
dgUo] wg sdfpg] dL7f] ;kgf af]ss ] f
xhf/f}+ o'jfx?n] 306f}+ rsf]{ 3fddf
nfO{g a;]/ vnvnL kl;gf aufpFb}
cfj]bg e/] . sf7df8f}s + f] tLgj6f /
a'6jnsf] Pp6f s]Gb|af6 rf/ lbgdf
%& xhf/ ^ ;o %@ hgfn] cfj]bg
e/]sf O{kLO; zfvfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
a9\bf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf ;+u} a9]sf]
a] / f] h uf/L ;d:of tyf vf8L
nufotsf cGo d'n'sdf ;'/lIft
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gkfP/ cfxt ag]sf
/f]huf/sf nflu sd vr{df sf]l/of
k7fpg z'? u/]kl5 To;}nfO{{ cfs{ifs
tyf ;'/lIft uGtJo dfGg yfn]sf
5g . sf]l/of ;/sf/n] lng] efiff
k/LIffdf ptL{0f eO{ sf]l/og sDklgaf6
le;f tyf aLdf ePsf] k|df0fkq
;L;LeLcfO{ k|fKt ePdf sl/a ^)
b]vL ^% xhf/ g]kfnL ?k}o+ f vr{u/L
sf]l/of hfg kfpg] / ToxfF k'uk] l5
dfl;s &) xhf/b]lv ! nfv;Dd
sdfpg ;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf /fd|f] /f]huf/Lsf] s'g}
;+efjgf gb]vk] l5 cflv/ h;/L klg
k};f g} sdfpg] xf], k|z:t k};f sdfpg
;lsof] eg] t g]kfnd} cfP/ klg s'g}
lgisif{sf ;fy cfj]bg kmf/fd eg{
cfPsfx? atfpF5g . sd vr{df /fd|f]
sdfO{ ug{;lsg] d'ns ' hfg kfO{G5 eg]
lsg ghfg] eGg] nfu]/ cfj]bg lbg
cfPsf] pgLx?sf] syg 5 . cfj]bg
lbg] o'jfo'jtLx? pRr lzIff cWoog
u/]sfx? g} a9L 5g . n]vk9 / O{nd
ePklg b]zleq /f]huf/Lsf] /fd|f]
;Defjgf 5}g eGg] oyfy{ o;n] k'i6L
u5{ . sf]l/ofn] cfˆgf] d'ns ' df dfu
cg';f/ sfdbf/ gkfPkl5 ;ft jif{cl3
;g\ @))$ af6 g]kfn nufot ljleGg
!% j6f d'ns ' af6 sfdbf/ lng yfn]sf]
xf] . sf]l/ofnL efiff hfg]sf] JolStnfO{{
dfq sf]l/ofn] sfdbf/sf] ?kdf lng]
5 . g]kfnn] ;g\ @))* sf] cui6 !!
b]lv O{kLO; cGtu{t sf]l/ofdf sfdbf/
k7fpg yfn]sf] xf] . sf]l/ofn] d'VotM
df5f kfng, lgdf{0f, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg,
s[lif / ;]jf If]qdf g]kfnL sfdbf/ dfu
u5{ . o;cl3 klxnf] / bf];f| ] u/L @
k6s efiff k/LIff eO;s]sf] 5 .
o;af6 em08} * xhf/ g]kfnL o'jf
sf]l/of uO;s]sf 5g . sf]l/ofn] o;jif{
& xhf/ ! ;o g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] dfu
u/]sf] 5 . sf]l/ofdf g]kfnL sfdbf/n]
d]xgtL / O{dfGbf/sf] ?kdf ;d]t
kl/ro a6'Ng ;kmn ePsf 5g . efiff
k/LIffsf] lnlvt k/LIff cfpFbf] ;fpg
^ / & df x'g5 ] .
d':tfª . wf}nflul/ rf}/L kfns
s[ifs ;d'xn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] rf}/Lsf]
cfnf] /ut lkpg] d]nfaf6 sl/a @^
nfv eGbf al9 cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 .
ut % ut] b]lv z'? ePsf] d]nf
d+unaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . d]nfdf
ls;fgsf !$ uf]7sf rf}/L NofOPsf]
lyof] . Ps lunf; rf}/Lsf] cfnf] /utsf]
! ;o ?k}ofdf laqmL ul/Psf] lyof] .
k|To]s jif{ of]hgf ug]{ ul/Psf] o:tf]
dxf]T;adf sl/j !$ nfvsf] cfnf]
/ut, sl/a % nfvsf] df;' / sl/a &
nfvsf] cGo Jofkf/ ePsf] atfOPsf]
5 . ut jif{sl/a !( nfv ls;fgx?n]
cfDbfgL u/]sf lyP . & ;o eGbf al9
rf}/L dWo] sl/a % ;o rf}/Lsf] cfnf]
/ut lgsflnPsf] lyof] . pRr lxdfnL
If]qdf kfO{g] of;f{u'Djf, lg/d;L,
kfFrcf}n] / h6fd;L h:tf hl8a'6Lx?
vfP/ afFrs ] f rf}/LufO{sf] cfnf] /ut
lkpg d':tfª, DofUbL, sf7df8fF,} lrtjg,
sf:sL, jfUn'ª kj{t, ;f]nv' D' j' nufotsf
7fpFaf6 lj/fdLx? cfPsf lyP . ;8s
/ xjfO{ dfu{ x'bF } /ut lkpgsf nflu
sf7df8f}F, lrtjg, kf]v/f, DofUbL
nufotsf If]qaf6 cfpg] lj/fdLsf]
;+Vof ljutsf jif{ eGbf a9\b} hfg
yfn]sf] rf}/L kfns s[ifsx?n] atfPsf
5g . Uofi6Ls nufotsf /f]ux? lgsf]
x'g] /ut lkpg dlxnf, ;fgf;fg
afnaflnsf b]lv a[4a[4f;Dd cfpg]
u/]sf 5g .
 7 /fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@
ˆ
g]kfn====
cg';f/ s]xL lbgd} s]Gb|Lo sld6Ldf
/x]sf tyf g/x]sf o'jf g]tfx?nfO{{
;d]6/ o'jf ;d"x agfOg]5 . …o'jf
eGgf;fy ;+:yfkg kIfsf g]tfx?sf]
dfq gfd cufl8 cfpF5Ú gfd pNn]v
gug{] ;t{df cf]nL lgs6sf Ps
s]Gb|Lo ;b:on] eg]– …xfdL klg o'jf
xf}F eg]/ sfpG6/ lbg ;d"x u7gsf]
tof/Ldf 5f}F .Ú g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xn]
Pdfn]sf o'jf g]tf eGgf;fy vgfn
kIfsf g]tfx?sf] gfd dfq cufl8
cfpg u/]sf] eGb} g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xn]
kf6L{sf o'jf sfo{stf{ tyf ;+u7gdf
ks8 a9fpg klg ;d"x u7g ug{k' g]{
cfjZotf cf}NF ofPsf] 5 . of]uz
] e§/fO{,
3gZofd e'iffn, k|sfz Hjfnf, 7fs'/
u}/]nufotsf g]tfx?sf] dfq gfd
lnOg] u/]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 .
k"0f{cfsf/ lnOg;s]sf] ;d"xdf z+s/
kf]v/]n, efg'eSt 9sfn, huGgfy
vltj8fnufotsf g]tfx? /xg]5 .
o;sf nflu g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xsf
g]tfx?aLr ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmn
eO/x]sf] 5 . of] ;d"xdf ;+:yfkgaf6
c;Gt'i6 eO{ aflxl/Psf o'jfx?nfO{{
klg ;d]6g] tof/L eO/x]sf] atfOPsf]
5 . vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ agfpg
;lqmotfsf ;fy nfu]sf Pdfn]sf
o'jfx? kl5Nnf] lbgdf vgfnb]lv ?i6
ePsf 5g\ eg] vgfn / o'jfx?aLr
cf}krfl/s ;+jfb\sf] k|lqmof;d]t
ca?4 eO/x]sf] 5 . sltko o'jfn]
;fj{hlgs?kd} vgfn sfo{z}nLsf]
cfnf]rgf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
g]jflgsf===
ePsf b'O{j6f af]Oª cg]s tfgfafgf
a'g]/ a]lrof], To;kl5 ;'? eof]
lgudsf] cwf]ult . cfˆgf ljdfg
a]r]/ ljb]zL ljdfg ef8fdf lng] /
sld;g vfg] kmf]xf]/L /fhgLlt ;'?
eof] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lguddf .
To;kl5 lgud 7"nfa8fsf nflu
…;'gsf] k'mn kfg]{ s'v/' LÚ aGg yfNof] .
wldhf sf08, r]h Pc/ sf08,
rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 sf08 / nfp8f
sf08 . sf08}sf08sf] cv8f aGof]
g]jflg . km/s –km/s /fhgLlts
k[i7e"ldsf km/s–km/s g]tfx?n]
g]jflgdf w'nf] p8fP . c?n] e|i6frf/
ubf{ ;+;b\df s'ng{ x] ? t cfˆgf] kfnf]
cfpgf;fy emg\ tLj| ultdf n'6g\
cft'/ eP n'6,] n'l6/x] . ljdfg vl/b
ubf{ xf];\ of ef8fdf lnFbf, /fHosf
zlStzfnL JolSt / kl/jf/n] sldzg
lnP/} 5f8\5g . hxfh vl/b sf08,
wldhf sf08, r]h Po/ sf08,
rfOgf;fpy j]i6 sf08, nfp8f sf08
/ o:tf w]/}w]/} sf08sf pbfx/0f w]/}
5g\ . lgudsf] b'/fj:yf vf]tNof] eg]
k|ltli7t /fhgLlts 3/fgfsf] gfd
hf]l8G5 sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf], To;df
klg d'VotM ;'hftf sf]O/fnfsf] .
ax'bn k'gaxf{nLkl5 ;'hftfsf lktf
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k6s–k6s
k|wfgdGqL eP . hlt k6s k|wfgdGqL
eP, plt k6s /fHo;+oGqdf 5f]/L
;'hftfsf] af]njfnf rNof] . ;'hftf
g]kfn cfPnuQ} @)$( ;fn r}t
!* ut] zfg]jflgsf] o'/f]k If]qsf]
hg/n ;]N; Ph]G6 -hLO;P_ lgo'St
ug]{ lg0f{o eof] . o'/f]ksf] Ph]06
s;nfO{{ agfpg] < of] lg0f{o t klxn]
g} eO;s]sf] lyof] . ;'hftf / pgsf
klt hd{ g gful/s gf] a 6{ s f] ]
l;kmfl/;cg';f/ ef/tLo d"nsf
a]nfotL gful/s lbg]z wldhfsf]
km]o/ sDkgLnfO{{ hLO;P agfOof] .
wldhf o;cl3 g} g]jflgsf nflu
a]nfotsf Ph]G6 lyP . ;'hftfsf]
;xof]un] o'/f]kel/sf] lhDdf kfP .
;]N; Ph]G6nfO{{ ( k|ltzt sldzg
lbg] ljZjJofkL k|rng lyof] . afa'
k|wfgdGqL ePsf] df}sfdf ;'hftfn]
wldhfnfO{{ cGt/f{li6«o k|rngeGbf
a9L rf/ u' 0 ff a9L cyf{ t \ #*
k| l tzt sldzg kfP . o;/L
Ph]G6nfO{{ ( k|ltzt sldzg lbg]
ljZjJofkL rng x'bF fx'bF } zfg]jflgn]
#* k|ltzt lbof] . rf/ u'gf a9L
sldzg wldhf PSn}n] kSs} vfPgg\,
;' h ftfn] klg vfOg\ . o;af6
lgudnfO{{ #( s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF
gf]S;fgL eof] . of] s'g} cf/f]k xf]Og,
@)%* ;fndf bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg]sf]
cWoIftfdf ul7t pRr:t/Lo
cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgdf k|i6} pNn]v 5 .
wldhf;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] sl/a Ps
jif{kl5 lgudsf b'O{j6f af]Oª &@&
Pp6f sf/eGbf ;:tf] d"Nodf a]lrof],
sf}8Lsf] efpdf . tL b'O{ ljdfg laqmL
u/]bl] v g} lgudsf] cwf]ult ;'? ePsf]
xf] . zfg]jflg;Fu hDdf rf/j6f h]6
ljdfg lyP, b' O { j 6f a] l rof] .
b'lgofFe/sf] cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf], k};f
sdfO/x]sf] ljdfg laqmL ug]{ lg0f{odf
klg tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf /
5f]/L ;'hftfs} gfd hf]l8of] . lgdun]
cfk"m;Fu ePsf hxfh laqmL u/]/
r'k nfu]g . gofF hxfh rflxof] eg]/
lsGg] of]hgf aGof] . a]r]/ cfPsf]
sldzgn] k'ug] , To;}n] gofF hxfh
lsGg] cEof; ;'? eof] . klxn] hxfh
g} lsGg] elgof], kl5 ef8fdf NofP/
rnfpg yflnof] . Tolta] n f
zfg]jflgsf cfˆg} b'O{j6f / ef8fsf]
Pp6f ljdfgn] p8fg el//x]sf lyP .
t/ ;/sf/n] cfsl:ds lg0f{o u¥of],
hxfh csf]{ klg rflxof] . yk lg0f{o
eof] , cli6« o fsf] nfp8f Po/
sDkgL;Fu ljdfg ef8fdf lng] .
@)%& ;fn c;f]h !^ ut] ko{6g
dGqfnodf a;]sf] tTsfnLg zfg]jflg
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] nfp8f
Po/af6 ljdfg ef8fdf lng] lg0f{o
u¥of] . zfg]jflg;Fu tLgj6f hxfh
rfn' eO/x] s } a] n f ljgfof] h gf
nfp8fsf] ljdfg lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yndf cf]ln{of] . To;kl5 eof]
lgs} 7" n f] ljjfb . g] j flgnfO{ {
a|Xdgfndf k'¥ofpg] k~rfot dfq
xf]Og, sfFu|];sf] kl/jf/ dfq xf]Og .
Pdfn]af6 dGqL ePsf eLd /fjn /
dfn]sf ofdnfn sF8n ] sf] ;dodf klg
g]jflgdf e|i6frf/ eof] . dfn] g]tf
ofdnfn sF8]n ag] ko6{g tyf
gful/s p•ogdGqL . @)%% ;fn
c;f]hdf sfFu; ]| / dfn]sf] u7gaGwg
;/sf/ ag]sf] s]xL ;dod} g]jflgdf
csf]{ aa08/ dlRrof] . h;nfO{{
g]jflgsf sfnf] Oltxf;df r]h Po/
sf08sf ?kdf lrlgG5 . r]h Po/
gfds cd]l/sL sDkgL;Fu lgudn]
ljdfg vl/b ug{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] .
ljdfg vl/b ug{ % nfv cd]l/sL
8n/ cyf{t\ sl/a ;fF9] # s/f]8 ?k}ofF
clu|d e'StfgL ul/Psf] lyof] . t/,
r]h Po/ kmhL{ sDkgL /x]5 . x'Fb}
gePsf] sDkgLn] s;/L k7fcf];\
ljdfg . sfd ul//x]sf sDkgL klg
ljZj;gLo x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ eg]/
a'‰g'k5{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] . t/
/fli6« o ;DklQsf] k} ; f k7fpF b f
lhDd]jf/ ag]gg\ dGqL / g]jflgsf
clwsf/Lx? . Tof] /sd klg Tolts}
vf8ndf uof] . ofdnfn sF 8 ] n
ko{ 6 gdGqL lyP eg] g] j flgsf
dxfk|aGws lyP, xªsª /fgf du/ .
7uL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf r]h Po/sf
;~rfns elgPsf ;' z Ln
pOG6/lj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/n] cd]l/sL
cbfntdf d'2f t xfNof] . t/ @
s/f]8afx]s p7fpg ;s]g . nfp8f
sf08 t @)%& ;fndf ePsf] xf],
To;cl3 g} eO;s] s f lyP
wldhfsf08 / hxfh laqmL sf08 .
oL ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr y'k}|
ljjfb eP . jfdkGyL bnx?n] ;8s
cfGbf]ng g} u/], ;bgsf a}7s cj?4
kf/] . d'Vo ljkIfL g]skf Pdfn] /
/fli6« o k| h ftGq kf6L{ n ] wldhf
sf08nfO{{ r'gfjL Ph]08f g} agfP .
e|i6frf/LnfO{{ sf/afxL ug{] s;d klg
vfP hgtf;Fu . @)%! df Pdfn]n]
r'gfj klg lhTof] . t/ wldhf /
hxfh laqmL sf08sf e|i6frf/LnfO{{
sf/afxL ePg . a?, ylkP r]h Pc/
sf08 / rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 sf08 .
dfn]sf dGqLn] e|i6frf/ u/] eg]/
Pdfn]n] rsf]{ lj/f]w u¥of] . ljjfb
a9\b} hfFbf dfn] ;/sf/af6 aflxl/of],
Pdfn] lelqof] . Pdfn]af6 ko{6gdGqL
ag], eLd /fjn . clg syf aGof],
rfOgf ;fpyj]:6 sf08sf] . @)%%
;fnsf] d+l;/df sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf]
;+oS' t ;/sf/ aGof] . sfFu; ]| / dfn]n]
lgud 8'afP eGb} ;bgb]lv ;8s
ttfpg] g]skf Pdfn]af6 ko{6gdGqL
agfOPsf eLd /fjn rfOgf ;fpyj]i6
sf08df d'l5P . gofF dGqL cfpgf;fy
gofF hxfh ef8fdf lng] t k/Dk/f
g} ag]sf] lyof] Tolta]nf . g]jflgn]
Pp6f k|:tfj kfPsf] lyof] k|lt306f
#* ;o 8n/sf ef8fdf . t/ g]jflgn]
rfOgf ;fpyj]i6;Fu hxfh ef8fdf
lng] lg0f{o u¥of] h;sf] ef8f lyof]
## ;o 8n/ k|lt306f . g]jflgnfO{{
x/]s 306f kfFr ;o 8n/ cyf{t\ #%
xhf/ 3f6fdf kfg] { lg0f{ o eof]
hfgfhfg . o;sf d' V o cf/f] k L
ko{6gdGqL /fjn . hxfh ef8fdf
lnFbf clgoldttf ePsf] 7x/ ub}{
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] /fjnlj?4
sf/afxL cufl8 a9fPkl5 l;Ëf]
Pdfn] ljjfbdf tflgof] . ljjfb
a9]kl5 /fjnn] Pdfn]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
/ ;fwf/0f ;b:oaf6 ;d]t /fhLgfdf
lbP . ;/sf/n] lgudnfO{{ slQ klg
/sd lbPsf] 5}g . a? yl/yl/sf
zf;sn] yl/yl/sf axfgf agfP/
n'l6/x]sf 5g\ . cfkm"n] e|i6frf/ u/]/
gk'u]/ dGqLx?n] cfkmGtx?nfO{{ klg
g]jflgsf] 5fnfdf /hfO ug{ nufPsf
5g\ . Joj:yf / dGqL km]l/gf ;fy
df]h ug]{ rng slxNo} 36]g . slxn]
ljdfg lsGg eg]/ e|i6frf/ eof],
slxn] ljdfg a]Rg] eg]/ e|i6frf/
eof], slxn] ef8fdf lng] eg]/
e|i6frf/ eof] . ca g]jflg g hxfh
lsGg ;S5, g ef8fdf lng ;S5 .
g]jflg ;]nfO;Sof], t/ e|i6frf/Lx?
;]nfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] clxn] Ol~hg
dd{tsf gfddf e|i6frf/ x'g yfn]sf]
5 . o:tf] lbg klg cfpg] 5 ,
g]jflgsf hxfhsf sjf8Ldf klg
e|i6frf/ x'g]5 . k~rfotsf] x's'dL
zf;g xf];\ of ax'bnkl5 . of t
/fhfsf] zf;g sfndf g} lsg gxf];\ .
lgudsf] b'?kof]u x'g] qmd slxNo}
/f]lsPg, g t clxn];Dd g} of] qmd
/f]lsg ;s]sf] 5 . lgud of] cj:yfdf
k'Ug'df lgudsf sd{rf/L g} d'Vo
sf/s /x]sf] 5, dGqLx?nfO{{ cg]s
nf]enfnr b]vfP/ lgudsf sd{rf/Ln]
e|i6frf/ ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . x'g klg
lgud 6f6 kN6g nfUg] t/ To;sf
sd{rf/L sf7df8f+dF f gofF dxn yk]sf]
yKo} ug]{ < of] Pp6f vf]hLsf] ljifo
ag]sf] 5 . slxn] ljdfg vl/b t
slxn] ef8fdf lnFbf ljjfbdf d'l5Fb}
cfPsf] lguddf clxn] eg] ePsf
k'/fgf] ljdfg dd{tdf 3f]6fnf x'Fb}
cfPsf] ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 . g]kfnsf]
/fli6«o Wjhfafxs g]kfn jfo' ;]jf
lgud, t/ g]jflgsf] gfd ;'Gbf uj{
nfUb}g xfdLnfO{{ . xhf/ xf]Og, nfv
xf]Og, s/f]8f}F s/f]8 sldzgdf uof],
e|i6frf/df 8'Aof] . g]jflg df]6f] x'Fbf
df]h ug]{ 7"nfa8f, g]jflg b'AnfpFbf
bof ug]{ ;j{;fwf/0f . xf], clxn] ;fFRr}
b'AnfPsf] 5 g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud .
cl:tTj g} ;+s6df 5 g]jflgsf] . t/
ca g]jflg;Fu w]/} zfg 5}g, ;DklQ
klg 5}g . To;}n] g]jflgsf clwsf/Lx?
ar]v'r]sf] ;DklQ a]r]/ sjf8Ldf
sldzg vfg] rSs/df gnfu'g\ . 6f6
klN6Psf] g]jflgn] hLjg kfof] eg]
lg/z b]zn] klg hLjg kfpnf eg]/
cfzf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\sf]===
l;Ëf] Pdfn]n] lng] jf glng] <
;fob emngfy vgfn / jfdb]j
uf}tdsf cfˆg} ts{ 5g\– -s_ kf6L{
cWoIf :jod\ k|wfgdGqL ag]sf a]nf
;/sf/ ;~rfng;DaGwL ;Dk" 0 f{
lhDdf emngfy vgfnnfO{ g} /xG5
/ kf6L{ n ] ;xof] u ug' { k 5{ , -v_
;Qf;fem]bf/ bnnfO{ ;Ddfg gu/L
jf p;sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf 7]; k'Ug]
u/L ;/sf/ rnfpg ;lsFb}g, -u_
Pdfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] sfo{lbzf kfl/t
ePsf] ca klg p;nfO{ z+sf ul//xg'
a'l4dQf x'bF g} , -3_ g]kfn–cf]nL u'6n]
;s];dd of] ;/sf/sf] lxtdf ;xof]u
ug{ ;Sb}g / -ª_ s's'/ e'Sb} u5{g\ /
xfQL lxF8b\ } u5{ . vgfn–uf}td wf/sf]
a'emfOdf Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbL ;DaGwnfO{
;sf/fTds lx;fan] gofF cfofddf
ljsl;t u/] / dfq /fli6« o
/fhgLltnfO{ cfˆgf] nfOgdf tfGg
;lsG5 . ;/sf/sf] ljifodf PsLs[t
dfcf]jfbLleq klg tLgj| c;Gt'li6x¿
a9]sf 5g\ . u[xdGqL sf] aGg] eGg]
ljifodf ePsf] ax; ;txdf 6'lËP
klg c? ;fO8Okm]S6x¿ afFsL 5g\ .
vf;u/L s]xL k|:tfljt dGqLx¿n]
;kyu|x0f alx:sf/ ug'n { ] To;leqsf]
c;Gt'li6nfO{ ;lhn} k|ltlalDat
ub{5 . vf;u/L zLif{:y g]tT[ jaLrdf
h'g xflb{stf / ljZjf; x'g'kg]{ xf],
kl5Nnf lbgx¿df emg} vl:sFb} uPsf]
5 . s;sf dfG5] slt k/] / s;sf
k/]gg\ eGgd} cfz+sfx¿ a9]sf 5g\ .
g] t [ T jsf] a' l 4dfgL cfz+ s f /
cljZjf;nfO{ sd ug' { d } x' G 5,
a9fpg'df xf]Og . OR5fPsf] dGqL
gkfPs} sf/0f g} /fhLgfdf cfpg'
klg Tolt /fd|f] ;+:sf/ xf]Og, oBlk
To;sf jf:tljstfx¿ yfxf gkfO{
l6Kk0fL ul/xfNg' x' F b } g . sf] x L
/fhLgfdf lbg] / sf]xL ;ky u|x0f
gug]{ s'/fn] kf6L{leqsf ljleGg vfn]
cGt/;+3if{ / c;Gt'li6x¿nfO{ g}
k| l tlalDat ub{ 5 . ptf dw] ; L
hgflwsf/ kmf] / dnfO{ jt{ d fg
;/sf/df s'g} klg xfntdf ;xefuL
x'g glbO{ dw];sf] d'2fdf ;/sf/nfO{
PSnfpg] k|of; x'Fb} lyP . ;/sf/df
hfg] lg0f{o ul/;s]kl5 klg kmf]/dsf
h]kL u'Ktf v'n/] } To;sf] lj/f]wdf pq] .
cflv/ l9n} eP klg kmf]/d klg
;/sf/df ;xefuL eO5f8\of] . pmleq
klg cGt/snx a9\g ;S5g\ . t/,
7"nf kf6L{df h:t} ljjfbx¿ r/d\
cj:yfdf k'luxfNg] ;Defjgf sd 5 .
o;/L lgisif{df eGg] xf] eg] ;a}
kf6L{df cGt/;+3if{ / w|'jLs/0fx¿
tLj|tfsf ;fy a9\b}5g\ . cfGtl/s
w|'jLs/0fsf d'Vo d'2fx¿ x'g\– -s_
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{
jf gug]{ < csf]{ zAbdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{
/fli6«o d"nwf/af6 hah{:t afO{kf;
ug]{ jf gug]{ < ;f/df eGg] xf] eg]
;a} kf6L{x¿leqsf cGt/;+3if{sf] d'Vo
d'2f oxL xf] . d"nwf/ s;nfO{ dfGg] <
lxhf]sf ;+;bLo kf6L{ g]kfnL sfFu|];
/ Pdfn]nfO{ jf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ <
;fob Pdfcf]jfbLafx]ssf ;a} bndf
oxL ljifodf xËfdf dlRrPsf] 5 .
To;f] t Pdfcf]jfbLleq klg ljjfb
gePsf] xf] O g, vf;u/L g] k fnL
sfFu; ]| ;Fu ;xdlt ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg]df
;fdfGo ljjfb x'g ;S5 . ;xdltsf
nflu d"n¿kdf Pdfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL
sfFu; ]| ldNg'k5{ eGg] Pp6f a'emfO
5 . To;sf] ljsNkdf jfd w|j' Ls/0fsf]
d'2f 5 . hgljb|f]x jf zflGt /
;+ljwfg eGg] ljifodf ljjfb 5 .
vf;u/L ;+ l jwfgsf] d' 2 f
;Demf}tfjfbdf km:g] vt/f 5 eGg]
Pp6f ts{ 5 . ljb| f ] x sf] gf/f
;do;fk]If 5}g, To;n] k|fKt pknlAw
u'dfpg] / ;]6Aofs x'g] vt/f x'G5
eGg] csf]{ ts{ 5 . jf:tjdf g]kfnL
/fhgLlt hl6n ;+ q md0fsfnLg
kl/l:yltdf plePsf] 5 . kf6L{x¿
cfGtl/s snxdf km:b} hfF b f
/fhgLltdf pgLx¿ :jtM sdhf]/
x'G5g\ . oxL df}sf 5f]k/] cGo ljsNk
vf]Hg] jf if8\oGq ug]{ ;DefjgfnfO{
g]kYoaf6 s'//] k|tLIff ul/Psf] x'g;S5 .
kf6L{nfO{eGbf u'6nfO{ alnof] agfpg]
k|jl[ Q ;a} kf6L{df a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 .
;/sf/===
olb ;fFRr} g} cf]nL kIfw/ xfjL eP
kf6L{df r/d u'6aGbL b]lvg] / o;af6
h] klg x'g ;Sg] l:yltsf] cf+sng
ug{ ufx|f] 5}g . o;}aLr dfcf]jfbLnfO{{
u[x dGqfno lbPkl5 pTkGg ljjfb
;dfwfgsf nflu g]skf Pdfn]n] h]7
bf];|f] ;ftf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7s
af]nfPsf] 5 . kf]ln6Ao'/f]sf] ut
laxLaf/ a;] s f] a} 7 sdf u[ x sf
ljifodf jl/i7 g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfn
/ s]kL zdf{ cf]nL tyf ;+:yfkg
kIfaLr rsf{rsL{ ePkl5 Pdfn]n]
h]7 ( / !) ut] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf]
a}7s af]nfPsf] xf] . k|wfgdGqL
emngfy vgfn z' q maf/ ljb] z
e|d0fdf hfg] ePsfn] kf]ln6Ao'/f]
a}7s klg h]7 * ut];Ddsf nflu
:ylut ul/Psf] Pdfn] ;lrj o'j/fh
1jfnLn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;|f]tsf
cg';f/ kf]ln6Jo'/f] a}7sdf af]Ng]
clwsf+ z n] kf6L{ lg0f{ o ljkl/t
dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ u[x dGqfno lbPsf]n]
cWoIf ;d] t /x] s f k| w fgdGqL
emngfy vgfnsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf
5g\ . hjfkmdf vgfnn] eg] ;/sf/
u7gsf ;dodf ePsf] ;fta'Fb]
;xdltcg';f/ g} dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ u[x
lbPsf] atfPsf lyP .
P;eL===
s'g} sbd grfnL cfn6fn ul//x]sf]
kLl8tsf cfkmGtx?sf] egfO /x]sf]
5 . o; ;DaGwdf P;eL
P;f]l;o6;df ;Dks{ /fVbf s]xL JolQm
g]kfn kms{g rfx]sf] ;To eP klg
pgLx? larNnLdf eg] gk/]sf] eGb}
tL JolQmx?nfO{ ljb]z k7fpg cfˆgf]
;bfjxf/ if8\oGqsf/L s]kL cf]nL
sf7df8f}F . dfcf]jfbL zflGt jftf{df cfpFbf of] dfcf]jfbLsf] if8\oGq xf] eGb}
s'ln{g] log} cf]nL x'g\ . zflGt ;Demf}tf x'bF f klg of] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;Qf xTofpg]
if8\oGq xf] eGb} efFhf] xfNg vf]Hg] log} cf]nL x'g\ . …k"mnsf] cfFvfdf k"mn} ;+;f/Ú
eg]em}F hf] if8oGqsf/L 5 o;n] hlxn] hltv]/ klg if8\oGq dfq} b]V5 . .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] . dfcf]jfbL klxnf] bn ag]/ b]vfof] . Tof] a]nf klg –
of] ;a if8\oGq u/]/ lht]sf] ;L6 xf] eGb} log} cf]nL ulh{P . dfcf]jfbLn] kfn'ª6f/
a}7saf6 hgljb|fx] sf] nfOg kf; u¥of] . Tof]an ] f t emg\ w/tL g} efl;g] u/L ;f/f
hutnfO{{ ;'gfP cf]nLn]– b]Vof} dfcf]jfbL clxn];Dd lsg cfPsf] /x]5 < zflGt;Demf}tf
if8\oGq /x]5, cflv/df ca if8\oGq u/]/} ;Qf sAhf ug]{ gLlt kf; u/] . clxn]
cfdgful/s zflGt / ;+ljwfg rfxG5g\ . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] hgljb|fx] sf]
nfOgnfO{{ kl5 ws]n/] zflGt / ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . t/, oL cf]nL
km]l/ klg if8\oGq xf] eGb} s'ln{/x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] rfxgf dfcf]jfbLs} k|dv '
dfu xf] . oxL dfu k"/f x'g g;Sbf b'O{ k6s jftf{ eË ePsf lyP . To;aLr
b]zdf y'k}| /Stkft rNof], ;of}s F f] Hofg uof] . cGttM oxL dfu k"/f ePsfn]
dfcf]jfbLl;t zflGt;Demf}tf eof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] . b]zaf6 /fhtGq
a9fl/of] . To;}n] :yflkt ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfof kSs} klg sDtL 5}g dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ .
cfˆg} dfu / ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|dv ' bn ePsfn] of] hf]ufpg] k|dv ' bfloTj klg
o;}sf] xf] . clxn] hgtf zflGt / u0ftflGqs ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf 5g\ . g t b]zdf
tTsfn} hgljb|fx] jf cGo s'g} ljb|fx] sf] gfddf hgtf csf]{ /Stkftk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf
hfg tof/ 5g\ . g t dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm}n F ] hGdfP/, x'sf{pbF } NofPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef
TofUg] cj:yf{ 5 . lsgeg] o;n] a'em]sf] 5– hgtf /Stkftk"0f{ lab|fx] sf kIfdf
5}gg\ . olb p clxn]sf] cj:yfaf6 x6]/ lxF8o\ f] eg] ;+ljwfg;ef aRb}g . km]l/
k|ltufdLx? :yflkt x'g ;S5g\ . To;f] x'g' eg]sf] klxnf] 3f6f klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ g}
xf] . To;sf] k|dv ' lhDd]jf/ klg hgtfn] dfcf]jfbL g} 7fGg] 5g\ . To;}n] hgtfsf]
rfxgfcg';f/sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg dfcf]jfbL ;+slNkt eP/ nfUg' g} dfcf]jfbL kf6L{,
/fi6« / hgtfsf] kIfdf 5 . oxL a'em]/ cGttM dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] zflGt /
;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . of] k|:tfj cTolws ax'dtsf cfwf/df :jLsfo{
x'g] cj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsg} nfUbf km]l/ ;+ljwfg aGb}g ls zflGt
eË x'G5 ls eg]/ s'lx/f]sf] sfu em}F ePsf hgtf /dfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{{
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf uDeL/ b]lv/x]sf 5g\ cGo bnsf g]tfx?n] . dfcf]jfbLsf]
of] lg0f{on] ca /fhgLlts bnx?df zflGt ;+ljwfgsf nflu gofF ;xdlt x'g ;Sg]
eg]/ xf}l;Psf 5g\ . t/ Pdfn]sf] zlStzfnL u'6sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ elgPsf oL cf]nL <
o;nfO{{ km]l/ if8\oGq eg]/ laRsfpg], ;xdlts} af6f] aGb ug]{ cleJolSt
lbO/x]sf 5g\ . Ps bzs nfdf] o'4af6 cfPsf] kf6L{ / /fli6«o e]nfn] cfdhglab|fx] sf]
nfOg kf; ubf{ub}{ klg cWoIfn] To;nfO{{ yftL /fv]/ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfj
Nofpg' s] of] /fd|f] kIf xf]Og < clxn] cfdhgtfn] rfx]sf] klg oxL xf]Og <
dfcf]jfbL ;+ljwfg agfpg] kIfdf uDeL/ ePg eGg] z+sf / u'gf;fnfO{{ o;n]
lg/fs/0f ub}g{ < d'Vo bn / cfdgful/ssf] rfxgfcg';f/ k|dv ' bn zflGt /
;+ljwfgsf nflu cufl8 a9\g' if8\oGq ls To;nfO{{ if8\oGqsf/L cfFvfn] x]g]{ cf]nLsf
cfFvf g} if8\oGqs/L < zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf ax; ug{] bnx?aLr gofF
;xdlt vf]Hg' . ;+ljwfgsf afFsL ljifox?nfO{{ ;N6fpg' . dfcf]jfbL cWoIfsf] gofF
k|:tfjdf o;nfO{{ cem lhDd]jf/ agfpg' . dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ cem} zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
kIfdf nfUg pT;flxt kfg'{ clxn] cGo bnsf] bfloTj xf] . t/ cf]nLn] To;sf]
cfjZostf b]vs ] f 5}gg\ . gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg' cf]nLsf] p2]Zo xf]Og . bL3{sfnLg
zflGt klg pgsf] Wo]o xf]Og . dfcf]jfbL gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg nfUof] eg] bL3{sfnLg
zflGt x'G5 . gofF ;+ljwfg aG5 . gofF ;+ljwfgn] b]zdf gofF /]vf sf]l/G5 .
;+efjgf af]ss ] f, hgtfn] rfx]sf g]tf :yflkt x'G5g\ . lgjf{rgdf ltg} g]tfnfO{{
hgtfn] r'G5g\ . bzsf}bF l] v ;Qf / ;/sf/df a;]/ /fHo n'6s ] f, hgtf r';s ] f
cf]nL h:tfsf] gofF g]kfndf :yfg /xGg . To;}n,] hgtf / kf6L{ sfo{stf{;d]taf6
lt/:s[t cf]nL h:tf sf]lqPsf g]tfsf] enf] b]zdf ;+ljwfg gaGg'd} 5 . dfcf]jfbL
km]l/ v]lbg'd} 5 . b]z oyfl:yltd} /xg'df 5 . km]l/ czflGt dlRrg'd} 5 . zflGt
/ ;+ljwfgsf] dfcf]jfbL cWoIfsf] gofF k|:tfjsf] qf; oxL xf] cf]nLdf . ;+ljwfg
agfpgsf nflu uDeL/ ePg eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] . ha uDeL/?kdf k|:t't x'G5
Tof]an] f klg if8\oGqg} b]Vg] oL cf]nLsf lbdfu, cfFvf, dg / dl:t:s k"/} if8\oGqsf/L
5g\ . pgn] if8\oGq b]Vg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f klg oxL xf] . ;/sf/sf] xf];\ ls k|dv '
bnsf] . x/]s lg0f{onfO{{ if8\oGqafx]s s]xL b]Vb}gg\ cf]nLsf cfFvfn] . To;}n] cf]nL
oL ;adf if8\oGq b]V5g\ . if8\oGq s;/L ug{] eGg] tfgfafgf dfq} a'lg/xG5g\ .
dfq xft gePsf] eGb} u}lhDd]jf/k"0f{ ;'gfPgg\ . emSs'n] klg o;}u/L emfk8
hjfkm lbOof] . o;/L g]kfnLx?nfO{ e]6s ] f] aofg ;'gfP . b'js } f] s'/f ;'Gbf
sfdsf] nflu eGb} ljb]z k7fP/ nfUYof], g emfk8 vfg]nfO{{ kL8f 5 g
larNnL kfg]{ P;eL P;f]l;o6;sf] emfk8 xfGg] b]jsf]6fnfO{{ . pxL klxn]
u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sfo{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f emfk8 vfPsf emngfy / k8\sfpg]
cfufdL lbgdf pknAw u/fpg] ;|ft] sf] /]UdL h:t} . zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
egfO /x]sf] 5 . k|so[ fn] ult lng g;s]sf]df ;a} lg/fz
;+ljwfg;ef=== 5g\ . ;+qmd0fsfnsf] gfddf e}/x]sf
czflGt, c;'/Iff, dxFuL, e|i6frf/,
cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL / vgfn s'g} klg
xfntdf clxn]sf] ;/sf/ eË ug]{ pb08tfaf6 ;d] t ;a} cflht
e} ; s] . …ha dfG5] lg/fz / c?af6
kIfdf 5}gg\ . a? of] ;/sf/nfO{{ cem
dha't agfpg] kIfdf 5g\ . ef/tLo blaPsf] cg' e j u5{ Tof] a]nf pm
cfqmfds aG5Ú -…To;kl5 o;n] s]xL
ljb] z dGqLsf] e| d 0fkl5sf]
cj:yfnfO{{ x]/]/ klg dfcf]jfbL oxL ;f] R b} g / cfqmd0fdf pqG5 . of]
cfqmfds k| ] / 0ffsf] pkh xf] .Ú
;/sf/nfO{{ l6sfpg] kIfdf 5 .
lsgeg] ef/t clxn] klg vgfn / ;dfhdf cg' z f;gxLg / g} l tsxLg
dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf 5}g . To;}n], k|jl[ Q df}nfpFb} hfFbf klg o:tf 36gf
casf lbgdf ;+ljwfgsf ;xdlt x'g bf]xf]l/g] u/]sf] 5 . klxNo} lk6\g]
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k5fl8 5 . SSkSs} klg cfd gful/sx?sf] r]tgfdf ePsf] j[l4n] x/ If]qdf gjLgtf / x/
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s;}sf] e"ldsf s'g xb;Dd k|efjsf/L 5 Tof] cfwf/df klg ;QfnfO{{ kl/eflift ug{
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To;sf g]tfx? ;/sf/df hfpg of ghfpg of] zlSt cfkm}df Pp6f ;Qf xf] . pgLx?n]
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;Qf klg xf] . cfk\mg} andf ;Qfsf] ?kdf j}wflgstf lbnfpb} dfcf]jfbL zlSt
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klg ljhftLo lrGtg?kL agdf/f emf/n] /hfO{ ug{ yfn]s} xf] t < o;leq klg kb,
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gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ef/nfO{{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg', ;]gf ;dfof]hg tyf /fHo
k'g;{/+ rgf;Fu hf]l8Psf d'4fx?nfO{{ 6'u+ f] nufpg' oltv]/sf tTsfnsf sfo{ef/x? x'g\ .
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eGg] ts{ ljts{x? cfk\mgf] 7fpFdf xf]nfg, t/ d'Vo s'/f Totftkm{sf] tbf?stf slt 5 eGg]
xf] . clxn];Ddsf] cfGtl/s cGtxLg ax; / lsQfAfGbLn] To;df cj/f]w ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 .
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h:tf] ls Psy/Ln] csf]y{ /Lsf] ljgft'ssf] lj/f]w ub}{ lxF8g\ n' fO{{ g} cfk\mgf] /fhgLlt lbgrof{
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?kdf klg 7fpF u|xg unf{g eGg] cu|ufdL ;f]r + sf csf+IfLx?sf dgdl:tisdf 3[0ffsf]
kf]v/L hdfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ ljz]if u/L lxhf]sf ;+;bjfbL bnsf ax';V+ os oyfl:yltjfbL
kfqx? . of] cj:yfdf TfTsfnsf P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/x?nfO{{ k"/f ug]{ dfldnfdf :jo+ tL
k|:yfkgfx?sf] p7fgstf{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hlt cndndf k/]sf] b]lVfG5, To;sf] kmfObf tL
zlStx?nfO{{ ldN5 h;n] oltv]/sf] cGtl/d dfxf]nnfO{{ hlt ;Sof] clg0f{osf] aGbL
agfpb} kl/jt{gsf Ph]08fx?nfO{{ ;bfsf nflu aGWofs/0f ug]{ dg;'jf cGtu{t kl/rflnt
5g\ . ;+ej, 7f]; / kx'r F leqsf Ph]08fx?nfO{{ kf/ nufpFb} / lxhf]sf lbgx?dfem} tL
Ph]08fx?leq cGo zlStx?nfO{{ ;xdt x'g afWo agfpg] rft'oo{ S' t af6f] c+lusf/
ug'e{ Gbf dfcf]jfbLsf lglDt csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
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