jif{ $, c+s !$,
ljB't\ k|flws/0f / lghL If]qaLr n8fO“
sf7df8f}F . b]zdf pmhf{ ;+s6 ulxl/Fb}
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gePsf] eGb} lghL k|j4{sx¿n] @@%
d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf $! ;fgf ljB't\
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f gug]{ ePsf 5g\ . tLg
jif{sf] cjlwdf l;d]G6, kmnfd] 58, OGwg,
dhb'/ Hofnf / a}s + sf] Aofhb/df ePsf]
j[l4sf sf/0f k|lto'lg6 $ ¿k}ofF $%
k};f vl/b b/n] cfof]hgf cfly{s ¿kdf
;DefJo gx'g] lhls/ ub}{ pgLx¿n]
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f gug{] atfPsf x'g\ .
k|flws/0fn] ljB't\ vl/b b/ a9fP/
k|lto'lg6 % ¿k}ofF (( k};f lbP cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f ug]{ pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 . ljB't\
dx;'n lgwf{/0f cfof]un] dx;'n ga9fpg],
l;+un OlGhg hxfhnfO{ /f]s nufOg]
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] g]kfnL cfsfzdf
l;+un OlGhg hxfhnfO{ p8fg eg{ /f]s
nufpg] tof/L ul//x]sf a]nf xjfO{ If]qsf
Joj;foL tyf lj1x¿n] xr'jfsf e/df
o:tf] lg0f{o glng cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf] sl7g ef}uf]lns
hf]lvdsf sf/0f l;+un OlGhg hxfh
cfjZos /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ o:tf hxfh
/fi6« lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL aGg;Sg] ts{
u/]sf 5g\ . :yn oftfoftsf] ;xh kx'r F
gePsf] tyf :yndfu{df l;lG8s]6sf
sf/0f 9'jfgL nfut a9]sf a]nf o:tfvfn]
xjfO{ ;]jfsf] dxTj cem a9]sf] pgLx¿sf]
egfO 5 . Go"g d"Nodf ofq' tyf sfuf]{ -
;/;fdfg_ 9'jfgL ug{ ldNg] ljsNk l;+un
OlGhg dfq} ePsfn] o:tf ljdfg
sDkgLnfO{ ;/sf/n] k|j4{g ug{k' g]{ ts{
pgLx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn gful/s
o'lg6Lsf csf{ 7u
sf7df8f}F . ;f]emf;femf g]kfnLnfO{
cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] k|nf]eg b]vfP/
s/f]8f}F ¿k}ofF s'DNofP/ b]z / hgtfdfly
3ft ug{ ;kmn ePsf] o'lg6L g]6jls{ª
Jofkf/n] ljb]zdf sfd ug{ k'us ] f
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ;d]t g/fd|/L 7u]sf]
;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o'lg6L;Fu
lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/ / casf] cfjZostf awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf gof“ ;/sf/nfO{
Eff/tLo lj:tf/jfbL lu4]bl[ i6 g]kfndf
g/fd|f;] uF k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn tyf g]kfnLsf]
:jfledfg, :jtGqtf tyf :yfloTjdf
af/Daf/ k|xf/ ul//xg] lj:tf/jfb clxn]
km]l/ csf]{ gofF of]hgfsf ;fy cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL /fhgLlts g]tT[ j cyjf g]kfnsf
;~rfnsx¿nfO{ cfk"m cg'sn" pkof]u
ug{ h'g;'s} xs{t ug{ kl5 gkg]{
lj:tf/jfbn] ltgLx¿sf] u'nfd aGg
grfxg], ltgLx¿sf k};fdf glaSg]x¿nfO{
s]–s:tf cf/f]kx¿ nufpg] u5{g\ / s:tf]
xs{t u5{g\ eGg] s'/f ;8s;Dd 5tf5'Nn
ePsf] 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/
tyf lj:tf/jfbL cltqmd0fnfO{ dg k/fpg]
g]kfnL hgtf sxLF, st} 5}gg\ t/ klg
g]kfnL /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] Pp6f
ef/tk/:t v]dfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfn
tyf g]kfnLx¿sf] lz/ 7f8f] x'g] cj;/
cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . b]z tyf hgtfeGbf
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbnfO{ dxTj lbg] tyf
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/ (Feb. 6, 2011)
k|flws/0fn] dx;'n ga9];Dd vl/b b/
ga9fpg] / vl/b b/ ga9fP;Dd
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f gug]{ lghL k|j4{ssf]
c8fgn] lgdf{0fsf nflu tof/L cj:yfdf
/x]sf oL ;fgf cfof]hgf k|efljt x'g]
ePsf x'g\ . k|j4{sx¿n] k|flws/0f;Fu
jif{sf] * dlxgfdf k|lto'lg6 $ ¿k}ofF
tyf ;'Vvfofdsf rf/ dlxgfdf k|lto'lg6
& ¿k}ofFdf ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf -kLkLP_
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . oL cfof]hgsf] cf};t
kLkLP b/ k|lto'lg6 $ ¿k}ofF $% k};f
x'g cfpF5 . k|flws/0f;Fu kLkLP eP/
klg lgdf{0f gePsf cfof]hgfdf !)
d]ufjf6sf] dfbL vf]nf, # d]ufjf6sf]
dflyNnf] dfOvf]nf, $ d]ufjf6sf]
-afF s L & k] h df_
p•og k|flws/0fcGtu{tsf] xjfO{ ;'/Iff
ljefun] cfufdL kfFr jif{;Dd l;+un
OlGhg ljdfg sDkgLnfO{ Ohfht glbg
dGqfnodf k|:tfj u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] o:tf]
atfPsf x'g\ . …l;+un OlGhg of] /fi6«sf]
e/kbf]{ / sd d"Nodf ;]jf lbg;Sg] xjfO{
oftfoftsf] ;fwg xf], ;/sf/n] o;nfO{
/f]Sg'sf] ;§f k|j4{wg ug{k' 5{Ú a'4 Po/sf
k|aGw lgb{z ] s jL/]Gb|axfb'/ a:g]tn] eg] .
…jfo';j] f sDkgLsf] lgu/fgL, ;'/Iff;DaGwL
lgoldt r]shfFrsf ljifodf k|flws/0fn]
Hofg lbP/ l;+un OlGhgnfO{ /f]Sg' x'Gg,Ú
pgn] eg], …;:tf] d"Nodf l;+un
OlGhgdfkm{t\ kxf8L ljdfg:ynaf6 ofq'
p8fg, :yfgLo hl8a'6L, kmnk"mnsf ;fy}
gub]afnL, vfB kbfy{ 9'jfgL ug{df of]
ljdfg e/kbf]{ 5, h;n] :yfgLo cfly{s
-afF s L & k] h df_
sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf gjnk/f;L
rf]/df/fsf s[i0fk|;fb zdf{ ;'jb] L o'lg6Lsf]
PDa];8] f]/ ag]/ ;fpbL c/a uO{ ToxfFsf]
k|jf;L g]kfnLnfO{ o'lg6Lsf] ;b:o agfP/
pgn] 7uL dRrfPsf] hgk|ultzLn
d~rsf ;b:on] kmf]gaf6 atfP . pgn]
kmf]gaf6 eg] gjnk/f;L lhNnf
rf]/df/fsf s[i0fk|;fb zdf{ ;'jb] Ln] ;fpbL
c/adf /x]sf k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿af6 s/f]8f}F
¿k}ofF c;'ns ] f 5g\ / xfn pgL a]kQf
ePsf 5g\, ;DejtM pgL g]kfndf 5g\ .
o;/L s]xL cfly{s /fxtsf] nflu
ljb]lzPsf xfdL ;f]emf g]kfnLx¿sf] /ut
-afF s L & k] h df_
lj:tf/jfbL zf;sx¿k|lt pQ/bfoL aGg]
/fi6«3ftL u2f/x¿sf] sf/0f lj:tf/jfbL
:jtGq ljrf/
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cTofrf/, bfbflul/ tyf cltqmd0f c?
a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf
x/]s ck/fwx¿nfO{ 9fs5f]k ug],{ c?
rdTsfl/s k|r08, tf]l8of] lj:tf/jfbLsf] 3d08
sf7df8f}F . j}bl] zs x:tIf]ksf sf/0f
gofF ;/sf/ u7g x'g g;ls/x]sf] ;dodf
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf x:tL PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08sf] rdTsfl/s
lg0f{osf sf/0f d'ns ' n] gofF k|wfgdGqL
kfPsf] 5 . ljutdf ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf
sf/0f ;/sf/ u7g x'g g;s]sf] cleJolQm
lbFb} cfPsf k|r08n] cfˆgf] b]zsf] ;d:of
cfkm}n F ] ;dfwfg ug]{ c7f]6adf]lhd
ck|Toflzt ¿kdf cfˆgf] k|wfgdGqLsf]
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnP/ Pdfn]sf cWoIf
emngfy vgfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg] cj;/
h'6fO{ lbP . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf ;w}F
rdTsfl/s lg0f{o ub}{ b]z / hgtfnfO{
cu|udgdf 8f]¥ofpFb} cfPsf k|r08n] o;
k6s klg rdTsfl/s lg0f{o ub}{ b]znfO{
;/sf/ljxLgtf l:yltaf6 kf/ nufO{
lbPsf 5g\ eg] b]zdf x'g] j}bl] zs
x:tIf]knfO{ k'gM Ps k6s gËØfOlbPsf
5g\ . k|r08sf] o; sbdsf] /fli6«o,
cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf g} k|z;+ f ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr, ef/tLo ;+:yfkg kIf lgs6
dflgg] 6fOD; ckm OlG8ofsf] cgnfOg
ljkGgnfO{ Xbo3ft sd{rf/LnfO{ kmlnkmfk
sf7df8f}F . c;xfo tyf ljkGg
/f]uLx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] 5'6o\ fPsf] s/f]8f}F
¿k}ofF afn'jfdf kfgL ;flat ePsf] 5 .
c;xfo tyf ljkGg ju{sf nflu :jf:Yo
pkrf/sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfly{s
;xfotf;DaGwL dfkb08 @)^% adf]lhd
ul7t ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;cg';f/ d'6'
/f]uLn] ;lxb uËfnfn /fli6«o Åbo/f]u
s]Gb|df pkrf/ u/fpFbf ?= krf;
xhf/;Ddsf] cf}ifwf]krf/ lgMz'Ns k|fKt
ug]{ Joj:yfdf ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0f
jf:tljs d'6' /f]uLn] ;f] ;xof]u kfpg
g;s]sf] u'gf;f] lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf]
5 . cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf d'6'
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
caj]a;fO6df
www. chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com
ck/fwx¿sf] nflu dfu{ k|z:t ul/lbg],
olb s'g} /fi6«jfbL ;+3;+:yf tyf kf6L{n]
lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/sf] lj/f]w tyf ;+3if{
u¥of] eg] ljleGg cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k nufpg],
ljleGg nf~5gf nufpg], hgtfnfO{
lbUe|ldt kfg]{ tyf cfGbf]ngdf 3";k}7
;d]t u/fpg] ljz'4 /fi6«3ftL u2f/x¿sf]
sf/0f g]kfn tyf g]kfnL hgtfsf] cl:tTj
v's/' Lsf] wf/ ;flat x'bF 5} . cfk"mnfO{
dw];jfbL eGg ?rfpg], wf]tL–s'tf{ tyf
lxGbL efiffsf kx/]bf/x¿ cyjf /fli6«o
kf]zfsb]lv /fli6«o efiff ;d]t g:6 kfg{
sDd/ s;]/ nfUg] tyf cfGbf]ng ug]x{ ¿n]
g]kfn /fi6«, /fli6«otf tyf :jfledfgsf]
nflu cfjh p7fpg ;Sg] t s'/} ePg .
ltgLx¿af6 Tof] cfzf /fVg' klg cfTdxTof
ug'{ a/fa/ xf], ltgLx¿ :jtGq,
;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg / :jfwLg g]kfnsf
la/f]wL g} x'g eg] tLeGbf w]/} vt/f 9fsf6f]kL
-afF s L & k] h df_
d"No ?= &.
;+:s/0fn] g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgdf
sfFu;
]| sf /fdrGb| kf}8n ] / kmf]/d
nf]stflGqssf ljhos'df/ uR5bf/sf] xf/
ef/tsf] xf/ ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{gdf
Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfnsf] ljhonfO{
ef/tLo klqsf 6fOD; ckm OlG8ofn]
k|r08sf] Tofu / ef/tsf] k/fhosf]
/f]uLx¿n] ;/sf/af6 pknAw cfly{s
;xfotfaf6 cfˆgf] pkrf/df yf]/ax't
eP klg e/y]u x'g] eGb} nfdf] k|lqmof k"/f
u/L Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] l;kmfl/;
c:ktfnsf] sd{rf/LsxfF k'uk] l5 sfd
gnfUg] eGb} btf{ u/L 5f8\g eGb5g\ .
kLl8tx¿sf] cg';f/ ;f] s]Gb|sf n]vfsf
sd{rf/Lx¿n] tkfO{n+ ] NofPsf] l;kmfl/;n]
c:ktfnaf6 cfˆg} nfdf] k|lqmof k"/f
ug'{k5{ . lg0f{osf ;fy ;ldltsf]
l;kmfo/;kq klg btf{ u/L 5f8\gx' f];,\
xfdL kl5 va/ u/f}nF f egL l;kmfl/;kq
lng] / lgj]bg btf{ esf] s'g} cflwsfl/s
btf{ gDa/ glbg] u/]sf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 .
cGtTjuTjf bnx¿ / g]tfx¿sf]
lbdfusf] Pp6f aGbgzf v'Nof] cyf{t\
o;f] egf}F g]tfx¿sf] xf];\ v'Nof] .
kl/0ffd:j¿k b]zn] gofF k|wfgdGqL kfof] .
ToxL k|wfgdGqLsf nflu sf]xL ;qf}F k6s
k/fht eP/ klg lgj{:q l3l;|gaf6
k5fl8 x6]gg\ . nf]sn] l5Ml5M, / b"/b"/eGbf
klg ltgLx¿n] nfh dfg]g . To:tf 3[l0ft
If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt
kfqx¿nfO{ k5fb}{ b]zn] gofF k|wfgdGqL
kfof], Tof] rfgr'g] s'/f lyP . k|wfgdGqL
lgjf{rgsf] ;a}eGbf e2f, ;+;bLo cg'ejsf]
sfnf] Oltxf;dfly 6]s/] km]l/ Pp6f gofF
/ cfzfnfUbf] sbd rfNb} PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf] d'Vo kxndf emngfy vgfn
k|wfgdGqLdf lgjf{lrt ag] . oBlk of] 7"n}
¿kdf JofVof u/]sf] 5 . ef/tLo ;+:yfkg
lgs6 dflgg] 6fOD; ckm OlG8ofsf]
cgnfOg ;+:s/0fn] ljxLaf/sf] r'gfjnuQ}
n]vs] f] 5, …of] b'O{ bn sfFu;] | / kmf]/d
nf]stflGqssf] eGbf ef/tsf] xf/ xf] .Ú ;f]
cgnfOgsf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]sf]
o:tf] u7aGwg xf]nf eGg]df ef/tnfO{
olsg;d]t gePsf] atfPsf] 5 .
;|ft] sf cg';f/ s]Gb|sf n]vfk|dv
' ljdn
pk|]tLsf] lgb]{zgdf la/fdLx¿sf]
l;kmfl/;kq lagf btf{ n] v fsf
sd{rf/Lx¿n] lvRg] / To;df kl5 cfˆgf
/ kx'r F jfnfsf la/fdLx¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns
pkrf/ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOG5 . o;/L
c;xfosf] gfd cfPsf] ;xof]usf]
b'¿kof]usf] rrf{, kl/rrf{ x'g yfn] klg
n]vfk|dv ' ljdn pk|t] L eg] o;df
pRr:t/sf JolQm;d]tn] efujG8fdf
/x]sfn] o;n] cfk"mnfO{ s'g} c;/ gkg]{
atfpFb} cfPsf ;|ft] atfpF5 .
cfly{ s ¿kdf ljkGgx¿nfO{
cf}ifwf]krf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg :jf:Yo
dGqfnon] o;} dlxgf sl/a ?= Ps
s/f]8 ;lxb u+ufnfn /fli6«o Åbo/f]u
s]Gb|df k7fO;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/af6 o;/L
ljkGgsf nflu 5'6f\ OPsf] s/f]8f}F ¿k}ofF
s]Gb|sf n]vfk|d'v ljdn pk|]tLsf]
;+nUgtfdf r/d\ b'¿kof]u ePsf] ;|ft] sf]
bfaL 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ o;/L
-afF s L & k] h df_
pT;fxsf] ljifo t xf]Og t/ klg
k|ltufdLx¿sf] nflu eg] 7"n} ?jfaf;Lsf]
ljifo xf] . ljhos'df/ uR5bf/, /fdrGb|
kf}8] / pgsf ;xof]uLx¿sf] ?Gr] af]nLaf6
pgLx¿leqsf] kL8f n'ss ] f] 5}g . of]
lgjf{rgaf6 ef/tLo OR5f / :jfy{df wSsf
k'us] f] b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;/L x]bf{ emngfy
vgfnsf] ;/sf/ b]zleqs} zlQmx¿sf]
:jtGq lg0f{oaf6 aGg ;s]sf] 5 eg]/
uj{ ug{ ;lsG5 . w]/} r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf
ub}{ emngfy vgfn k|wfgdGqL aGg ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . kf6L{leq / aflx/sf cg]s
cj/f]wx¿nfO{ kf/ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] qmddf
pgn] hLjgs} Hofb} dxFuf] hLt xft kf/]sf
5g\ . vf;u/L PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
cgnfOgn] ef/tLo ljb]z ;lrj lg¿kdf
/fj g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpFbf;Dd dfcf]jfbL
/ Pdfn]aLr o; vfnsf] u7aGwg xf]nf
eGg] sNkgf klg gul/Psf] pNn]v u/]sf]
5 . k|r08n] k|wfgdGqLaf6 /fhLgfdf lbFbf
g} ef/tlj/f]wL k|ltlqmof lbPsf] :d/0f
ub}{ klqsfdf n]lvPsf] 5, …k|r08n] cfk"m
;Qfaf6 aflxl/g'cl3 ef/tnfO{ OlËt ub}{
cfˆgf] ;Qf alxu{dg ef/tsf] lj?4 ePsf]
k|ltlqmof lbPsf lyP . Joj:yflksf
;+;b\af6 ;+;b\ ljlgodfjnL kl/jt{g
u/]kl5sf] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgn] d'ns ' nfO{
#$ cf}F k|wfgdGqL lbPsf] 5 . ck|Toflzt
¿kn] emngfy vgfn k|wfgdGqL eP . of]
…ck|ToflztÚ l:yltsf] lgdf{tf dfcf]jfbL
lyof] eg] rdTsf/sf /rlotf k|r08
lyP . rfdTsfl/s lg0f{odfkm{t\ k|r08n]
k|wfgdGqL kbsf] cfˆgf] pd]bjf/L lkmtf{
lng] lg0f{o ugf{;fy g]kfnL /fhgLlt t/lËt
ePsf] lyof] . laxLaf/sf] Joj:yflksf
;+;b\df cfZro{sf] ;~rf/ JofKt lyof]
ls k|wfgdGqL kbsf k|Tof;Lx¿ /fdrGb|
kf}8]n / ljho uR5bf/ cfˆgf]
-afF s L & k] h df_
7uLsf ph'/L 5fglag
ug{ ;ldlt u7g
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] j}bl] zs
/f]huf/ ;DaGwdf k/]sf 7uL;DaGwL
ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg ug{ ph'/L 5fglag
;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . clwsf+z
7uLsf ph'/Ldf k|df0f gx'g] / To;sf
cfwf/df sf/afxL ug{ ;d]t sl7g
x'g yfn]kl5 ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg tyf
5fglag ug{] tof/L ul/Psf] xf] .
o;cl3 j}bl] zs /f]huf/ ljefun]
ph'/Lsf] 5fglag ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] .
>dtyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon]
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf x'g] 7uLsf
ph'/LnfO{{ l56f]5l/tf] tyf k|efjsf/L
cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;ldlt u7g
ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . ljefusf
lgb]{zs sfzLgfy d/fl;gLsf]
;+of]hsTjdf kfFr ;b:oLo 5fglag
;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] . ;ldltdf
j}bl] zs /f]huf/ k|j4{g af]8{ Joj;foL
;+3 / cfk|jf;L dlxnf sfdbf/sf]
-afF s L & k] h df_
/ b]zL, ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿aLrsf]
l;wf;fwf n8fOFsf] nfe pgn] lnPsf 5g\ .
ef/tLo x:tIf]k / /fli6«o :jfwLgtfaLrsf]
6s/faaf6 pgn] of] kb kfPsf 5g\ .
olb /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf] hLt ePsf]
eP pgL lsdfy{ k|wfgdGqL aGg ;Sg]
lyPgg\ . cem} o;f] egf},F k|wfgdGqL emngfy
vgfnn] o:tf] alnof] ;xof]uL kfPsf 5g\,
hxfF pgnfO{ arfpgsf nflu pgsf] kf6L{
Pdfn] xf]Og, Tof]eGbf cufl8 a9]/ PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbL le8\gk' g]{ 5 .
/fhLgfdf lbPsf] sfdrnfp
;/sf/n] g} k"/} zf;g rnfpg] Pp6f
8/nfUbf] if8\oGq l9n} eP klg tx;gx;
ag]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ k+u' agfpg]
p2]Zo af]ss ] f] Pp6f w|j' Ls/0f / df]rf{aGbL
l5ofl5of ag]sf] 5 . ;+3Lotflj/f]wLx¿sf]
PstfnfO{ km]l/ 6'6fOlbPsf] 5 . zflGt
/ ;+ljwfgnfO{ 5f8]/ o'4sf] Wjf+;
-afF s L & k] h df_
ˆ2
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª Ps}lbg tLg u/L P3f/ k'u] d]/f cfkmGt
cfh d]/f kljf/sf tLg hgf ;b:on]
;ft lxpmb sfl6;s] 5 . alxgL
dldtf,eltgL clDasf,eb} kfa{atL /
Ps hg lhNnf s} s=tf/fsf] pRr
;xfbft ePsf] lal;{g} g;lsg] bMvbfxL
lbg xf] . ;fdGtL ;Qf To;sf dflns /
b/jf/nfO{{ 9fNgsf nflu xfd|f] kl/jf/af6}
/utsf] vf]nf] jufpg tof/ eP .
ltgLx¿af/] 5f]6f] laa]rgf ug{s ' t{Ao
7fg]sf]5' . qmflGt cfkm}df Pp6f dxfg
jif{ $, c+s !$
!$,, df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& hl6n k|so' f xf] . o;sf]] ;/n ¿k x'bg} .
lgs} 7'nf] hf]lvddf ljklt,e'df/L /
3l'Dtx'b} cfuf8L j9b5 . ju{ ;+3i{ fsf
;DkfbsLo r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;dfg ug{sf nflu b'=v
si6 ug']{ kg{ 7'nf 7'nf jlnbfgsf
gjlgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLnfO{ z'esfdgf s'ltdfgx¿ Vf8fx'G5g . tL ;a}nfO{ ;xh
/ ;/n 9+un] krfpg' kg]{ x'bf]/x]5 . cfkm'n]
nfdf] ;dob]lv sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf] kL8f ;xL /x]sf] d'ns ' n] Tofu / ;dK{fgsf] gfddf lb;f—lk;fj
dfq TofUg],bf]if hlt csf{sf] yfKnf]df xfn]/
cGttM PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf kxnsb\dLsf sf/0fn] d'lQm cfkm' klG5g] 5lng] k|al[ tn] qmflGtnfO{{
kfPsf] 5 . sfd rnfp ;/sf/n] b]zsf] lgod, sfg'g, ljlw slxNo} ljhodf k'ofpg ;Sb}g . Oltxf;df
ljwfgsf] dfq lvNnL p8fPg g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt, ;+ljwfg / d/0fl;n k'hLktL jUf{n] cfkmgf] cl:tTj
sfod /fVg cfkm';u ePsf] ;f/f tfut
cu|udgsf] rfxgfnfO{ ;d]t 7"nf] 7]; k'¥ofof] . htftt} cGofo, nufP/ dfq >dhLjL ju{sf] /fHo;tf
cTofrf/ / e|i6frf/ df}nfof] / nf]stGqsf] wHhL p8fof] . zflGt, cfpg'df /f]s nuf+p5 . Tof] xTof,lx;f
,n'6kft,cfuhfgL4f/f qmflGtnfO{{ /f]Sg
;+ljwfg / nf]stGqk|lt hgtf lg/fz x'g yfln;s]sf lyP . ;fob vf]Hb5 . dxfg hgo'4sf] qmddf d]/f]
hgtfsf] oxL lg/fzfnfO{ dWogh/ ug{ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] kl/jf/ / kl/jf/x¿sf] cToGt
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf] x}l;otn] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j lgs6jf6 sl/j ! bh{g :fb:ox¿n]
pRr ;xfbt k| f Kt u/] s f5g .
cfk"mn] kfpg'kg]{ ;j{JofkL l;4fGtnfO{ ;d]t bfpdf nufpFb} Pdfn]sf] ltlgx¿sf] lj/tfsf] ;Ddfg,kl/jf/sf]
tk{maf6 pDd]bjf/ emngfy vgfnnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] x'gk' 5{ . lk8f cfqmf]z,cefjsf] ;fdfg,qmflGtsf]
k'0f{ljhosf] ;kmntfsf nflu cfkm'nfO{{
ljb]zsf] u'nfd aGb} b]z / hgtfdfly v]naf8 ul//xg] g]kfnsf pEofog' kg]{ r'gf}tL caZo klg 5\ .
oyfl:yltjfb bnx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] o; sbdn] kSs} klg h:fn] dnfO{{ r'gf}tLk'0f{ uf}/j k|bfg
xLgtfaf]w ePsf] x'gk' 5{ . b]z / hgtfdfly v]naf8 ub}{ cfˆgf] u/] s f5g . uNtL ug{ d f /f] s
nufPsf]5,qmflGtsf/L l;kfxL jGg
bnut / JolQmut :jfy{df r'nD{' d 8'as ] f bnx¿nfO{ of] Pp6f k| l tj4 jgfPsf5 . cfh dxfg\
bl/nf] emfk8 ;flat ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] b]zsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] zxLbx¿sf] /ut j]kQfx¿sf] bf?0fLs
hLjg / zf]lift pTkL8Lt hg;d'bfosf]
nflu ljb]zLsf] d'v tfSg] k/Dk/fnfO{ tf]8g\ o;n] dxTjk"0f{ kl;gfjf6 gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu b]zL–
e"ldsf lgefPsf] 5 h;sf] d"NofÍg Oltxf;df x'g5 ] . ljb]zL k|ltufdL / cltqmd0fsf/L
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLs} b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/Laf]ws} tTjx¿sf] r'ªu\ n' df gkml;sg xfdLn]
cufl8 a9\g5' . ;+;f/df st}klg xTof /
sf/0f d'ns ' n] gofF k|wfgdGqL kfPsf] 5 . ca o;nfO{ ;xdlt / bdgn] qmflGtsf] kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmof /f]lsPsf]
;xsfo{ jf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿ Psh'6 5}g . g]kfnL hgtfsf] /utdf xf]nL v]n/]
klg ;dflGt ;QfnfO{{ jrfpg ;s]gg\ .
x'g} k5{ . ;fy} gjlgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn] klg OGb|nfn cfrfo{ -s=bf?0f_ hutLk'/
zflGt, ;+ljwfg / cu|udgsf vflt/ ;a} bnnfO{ ;d]6/] /fli6«o !df a'jf elanfn cfrfo{ / cfdf o/fjtL
;/sf/ lgdf{0fdf kxnsbdL lng}k5{ . zflGt / ;+ljwfg vflt/ cfrfosf] ua{af6 @)@$.(.@% hlGdPsf]
d]/f] dlxnf] efO{ xf] . p @)$&c;f/df
;w}F PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] dfq} Tofu ug'k{ g]{ ljifo ;xL ;+oQ' m hgdf]rf{ g]kfn OsfO{ ;ldlt
xf]Og, b]z / hgtfsf nflu x/]s /fhgLlt bn / ltgsf g]tfn] hutLk'/sf] cWoIf eO{ /fhg}lts
hLjgsf] ;'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . @)$&
cfˆgf] bnut / JolQmut :jfy{ TofuL /fli6«o :jfy{nfO{ s]Gb|laGb' efb| % ut] g]= s=kf -dzfn_ sf] Kff6L{
dfGg'k5{, oxL clxn]sf cfjZostf ;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf ;b:o ePsf] lyof] . @)$& d+l;/ !%
klg xf] . /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hglxt ljk/Lt s;}n] sfo{ ug'{ x'bF g} ut] P=l;=Pd=Pl;=P;=x'b} @)%!c;f]h
!%ut] l8=l;=Pd eof] . =@)%%c;f]hdf
cfhsf PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf hgtf;d]t 5g\, o; ljifodf ;a} ;]qm]6/Lo6 l8=l;=Pddf hLDd]jf/L ;dfNn]
/fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tfn] rgfvf] x'g' h?/L 5 . gjlgjf{lrt ca;/ ldNof] . @)%)sfl{ts { df of]ª
sDo'lgi6 nLusf] lhNnf ;+of]hs @)%@
k|wfgdGqLn] t o; ljifodf emg\ uDeL/ x'gk} 5{ . cl:t ev{/ dfq sfl{ts { df n8fs' bn sdfG8/ @)$&df
b]znfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbLdf /fVbf h;/L hgtfsf] xftaf6 emfk8 c=g]=/f=:j=la=o'-' qmf_ lhNnf sf]iffWoIf
vfg' k¥of] ca cfufdL lbgdf To:tf] gbf]xf]l/of];\ / cGo bn / @)$*df e]/L 1fgf]bo SofDk;
hfh/sf]6sf] :jlao' ;efklt @)$*df
g]tfx¿n] To:tf] l:ylt ef]Ug' gk/f];\ eGg]tk{m ;hu x'bF } b]z / e]/L 1fgf]bo SofDk;sf] Aoj:yfkg
hgtfsf vflt/ h;/L PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] nrstf k|bz { g ;ldtLsf] ;b:o ep/ kf6L{sf] lgb]z { g
adf]hLd sfd u/] . ;fd|fHojfbL
ub}{ lgsf;sf] af6f] klxNofO{ lbof], o;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;a} bn lj:tf/jfbLx¿sf] e'O{ r9]/ g]kfnL
/ gjlgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL sl6a4 x'gk' 5{ . o;tk{m k|wfgdGqL hgtfdf /fh ug{ vf]Hg] ;fdlGt Tjx¿sf
;r]t x'gk' 5{ eGb} sfo{sfn ;kmn Pj+ b]z / hgtfsf] nflu z'e lj?4 n8\bf–n8\b} OGb|nfn / s=s'znsf
;fy !# ut] e'/sf] cfnL e'/rf}/ k|lzIf0f
xf];,\ oxL z'esfdgf . ;s]/ !$ ut] ljxfg cfkm\gf] ufpm tl/
lx8] . !%ut] lbpm;f] a'ªu\ ] | vf]nfdf g'xfPsf]
tftf] ax;
dfofk| ; fb zdf{ ‘kf/zdl0f’
;fsL{,uf]kfn a:g]t,nf]sG] b| a:g]t /
sfnLaxfb'/=a:g]tnfO{{ 5'66\ } kf/]/ 8f]/Ln]
xft afw]/ ufpmb]lv @ 306f 6f8f
n}grf}/sf] au/df nu]/ r/d oftgf
lbb} lbp;f] @ ah]lt/ nfO{g nufP/
uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/of] .
eb| n fn cfrfo{ - s=-ceo_
@)@&÷!)÷@& e'/ ( df Af'jf zdf{nfn
cfrfo{ cfdf utLb]aLsf sfG5f] 5f]/f
xf] . ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{df lg/Gt/
v6\g] efO{ eo @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g
kl5 @)$& c;f/ b]lv 3f]lift ¿kdf
/fhg}lts ;s[otf ;fy cufl8 a9]sf]
lyof] . b] z sf gfddf,qmflGtsf
gfddf,hgtfsf gfd,@)$* ;fndf
Psdfq qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
tTsflng g]=s=kf= -d;fn_ sf] ;b:o
jg]sf] lyP . @)$* c;f/df ;+oQ' m
hgdf]rf{ g]kfn Onfsf ;ldlt ;b:o,
@)$( d+l;/ !% ut] g]=s=kf -P=s]_
Kff6L{ ;b:o ag]sf] lyof] . @)$(d+l;/
!% ut] P=l;=Pd=eP/ sfd ub}{ @)%@
;fn b]lv xfdL Pp6} 3/af6 rf/efO{
Ps} k 6s k' 0 f{ s fnLg ePsf
lyof} .=@)%%÷!)÷df
P=l;=P;=@)%% c;f]h !( ut]
l8=l;=Pd= @)%&dfwdf ;]qm]6/Lo6
;b:o,@)%! sfl{ts { df of]ª sDo'lgi6
nLusf] lhNnf ;b:o,@)%@ sfl{ts { df
n8fs'bn ;b:o ePsf] lyof] . hLjg
eg]sf] s]jn xf8, df;' / 5fnfsf] y'kf| ]
xf]Og eGg] s'/f j'em\of] . /ftf] em08f af]s/]
ufpm,;b/d'sfddf qmflGtsf] gf/f nufof] .
hgtfsf] gf/f nufof] . b]zelQmsf] gf/f
nufof] . lqj]0] fL,nx,hultk"/,kFrjfl6ofsf
/] 8 x¿ / sof} hglj/f] w L tTj
;'/fsL,l;=cf=8L=,xTo/fx¿sf] sf/jfxL
;xefuL jGof]] . k|ltlqmofjfbL
rsfnx¿sf] cfFvfsf] sl;+¨/ jGf]sf]
efO{ ceo @)%^sf] ciff8df ePsf]
PltxfxLs kfrsf6Lof sf/jfxL ;s]/ lkmtf{
x'g] qmddf cfkm\gf] xftsf] lu|g6] laikmf]6
x'bf pRr ;xfbft k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] .
/fdk| ; fb cfrfo{ -s=ljj] s _
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] hultk'/ ! df
hGdeO{ )$* ;fnb]lv lg/Gt/ ju{;3+ if{
/ hgo'4df ;xefuL eO{ )%% ;fn
c;f]h b]lv b}nv ] lhNnfdfMsfd ub}{
cfPsf] laa]s )%& df kf6L} lhNnf
;ldlt ;b:o ePsf] lyof] . )%( ;fnb]lv
3f]/fxL ;Tj/Lof lj|u8] df pkJo"/f] ;b:o
ePsf] a]nf sfdsf] lznlznfdf b}nv ] sf]
r'kf| jhf/df ;'sf/Lsf] ;xfotfn] tTsflng
zfxL ;]gfn] )%( >j0f ^ ut] lu/km\tf/
u/L xfn ;Dd j]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . Ps
k6s >Ldlt / Ps k6s bfh'nfO{{ kq
n]vL ;Grf] ePsf] tkfO{x¿ s'gk} lg xfntdf
b':dgsf ;fd' gem'Sg] / lg/Gt/ qmflGtdf
nflu /fVg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] lyof] . )%(
;fn c;f]h dlxgf otf lgHfsf] ;Dks{
geO{ xfn;Dd j]kQf kf/]sf]5 .
gGbf/fd cfrfo{ -s+=P8gfg_ jxfdf
sDo'lgi6 k|efj k/]sf] @)#& ;fn b]lvxf] .
tTsflng clvn -5}7f]_ OsfO{ ;b:o eO{
/fhg}lts hLjgdf ;'?jft ug{ ePsf]
lyof] . @)#( ;fndf ePsf] clvn -
5}7f]_em'nfdf ePsf] ;Dd]ngåf/f lhNnf
;ldlt ;b:o x'g' ePsf] lyof] .
k+l| tlqmofjfbLk:x¿n] cfvfsf] sl;¨+/sf]
¿kdf Toltj]nf b]vf kg{ yfNg' ePsf]
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
If]qLo df]8n] lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf ;Fu} b}nv]
lhNnfjf6 ;?jf eO{ df]8n] lhNnfdf
cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . jxfsf] hgz}nL
cg's/0fLo g} lyof] . jf]nLdf lj7f;,dw'/
:j/,ldng;f/ jfgL,hgtf sfo{stf{df
lgs} nf]slk|o x'gG' Yof] . g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
/fhg}lts Pj+d kmf}hL sfo{lbzfsf] k"0f{
kfngf ug'{ x'GYof] . jxf kf6L{ ;Fu7g
lgdf{0f,/fhg}lts,kmf}hL sfo{lbzf lglZrt
u/L o;nfO{{ nfu' ug],+{ j}rfl/s ef}lts
Pj+d\ k|zf;lgs sfddf plrt tfnd]ndf
hf]8 ug'{ x'g] bfO{ P8gfg j'emfO{ / u/fO{sf]
l7s cGt/ ;DjGw sfod bb}{ Pltxf;Ls
h'Dnf kmf}hL sf/afxLsf] qmddf lxpmdf
k'/lP/ axfsf ;xfbft ePsf] lyof] .
ddLtf cfrfo{ -z'idf_@)#! ;fpg
@! Uft] hlGdPsL dldtf d]/f] sfG5L
alxgL xf] . p;df ;fg} b]lv sKo'lg{6
kf6L{sf] k|efjdf k/]s] lyof] . )%# b]lv
cw{el' dut eP/ )%%df3df k'0f{ sfnLg
ePsL lyO{g . )%^ c=g] df ;+3 -
qmflGtsf/L_lhNnf ;ldtLsf] pkfWoIf
)%( kf6L{ ljif] z sldl6
;b:o,M)^);]qm]6/L,M)%*df
c=g]=ls=;+3-@))&_\es] If]lqo ;ldltsL
;b:o,)%^efw !( hfh/sf]6 hg;/sf/
;b:o ePsL lyOg\ . e]/L s0ff{nL
hg;/sf/ 3f]if0fsf] sfo{qmd ;lsP kl5
lhNnfsf] kf6L{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd tof/Lsf
nflu If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o sd/]8 zfGtsf]
g]tT[ jdf ;fNdf sl/j @)÷@% hgfsf]
6f]nL uof] . b}nv
] sf] s§Ljf6 b'Zdgn] )%(
df3 ( ut] lbp;f] @ jh] pgL / csf]{
alxgL phf{ vn¨f ^ bf/fsL nfO{{ ;d]t
sAhfdf lnP/ uf]nL xfgLxTof u/]sf] lyof] .
uf]ljGb cfrfo{ -s=of]uG] b|_ hfh/sf]6
lhNnfsf] hultk'/ ! df a'jf rGbdl0f
cfrfo{ / cfdf ljGb|fb]lj cfrfo{sf]
sf]vjf6 )## ;fndf hlGdPsf] lyof] .
dfly pNn]lvt /fd k|;fb / uf]ljGb
Psf3/sf bfh'efO{ Pp6} ;dob]lv Ps}
lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts lhDd]jf/L lnb}
cfPsf lyP . )%% ;fnsf] ;fpgb]lv
;'vt{ ] lhNnfsf] sfo{If]q lnO{ uPsf uf]ljGb
;'vt{] sf] /fsd Pl/ofsf] ;]qm]6/L lYfP .
)%^ ;fn cflZjg !( ut] kf6L{ sfds}
lznlznfdf lj/]Gb|gu/ ;'vt{] uPsf
s=uf]ljGb,s=XofsjL/ kl/of/ /
;f6fvfgL cf7 j:g] 9sfn y/sL efGhL
;lxt lu/km\tf/ u/L @ lbgkl5 9sfnnfO{{
5f]8of] / lgh b'O{ hgfnfO{{ xfn ;Dd
j]kQf kf/]sf] 5 .
sNkgf cfrfo{ -sdnf_ cfly{s
ljkGgtfsf] e'd/Ldf 56\k6fO{ /x]sf] Ps
ul/j kl/jf/df a'jf uf]kfn cfrfo{ /
cfdf ljdL{bj] L cfrfo{sf ue{jf6 @)#*
;fn efb| dlxgfdf hlGdPsL sNkgf -
sdnf_ sfG5f j'jf s=eb|nfnsf ;fydf
@)%& ;fnb]lv g]kfnL hgo'4sf] dxfg
/ ;'Gb/ jf6f]df ;dflxt ePsL lyO{ .
To;kl5 kf6L{ ;]n, P=l;=Pd= / ;tj/Lof
;]sG] 8 j6flnog leqsf] zfvf sld6Lsf]
;b:o tyf x]8Sjf6/sf] lhDd]jf/L klg
lgefO{g . b'O{ jlxgL Ps efO{ cfdf j'jf
ePsL sNkgfn] @)%& ;fndf s=/fh]z
;u ljjfx jGwgdf jflwg k'lug . pgsf]
# jif{sf] 5f]/f cfh cfdfsf] vf]hL ub}5{ .
@)%( df3 #ut] ljxfg j6flnogsf]
;fdfg ;NnL jhf/lt/ Nofpb} ubf{ ;'vt{ ]
lhNnfsf] 7F6L jhf/df l5g\rj' f6 k|lj0f
cfrfo{ -z'idf _;u j}jflxs ;DjGwdf
jfFlwg' ePsf] lyof] . @)%^ sftL{s @*
ut] ePsf] cjnlrª Onfsf k|x/L
sfof{nosf] /]8df lu|g6] ljikmf]6 eO{ #
hgf sd/]8sf ;fy pRr ;xfbt k|fKt
ug'{ ePsf]lyof] . jlxgLsf] ljjfx u/]s ] f]
kfr dlxgf gk'Ub} HjfO{ lszf]/sf]
cjnlrªdf ;xfbft ePsf] lyof] .
kfa{tL uf}td-s=;'/Ltf_8f+8fufp %
df j'jf pdfsfGt,cfdf l;tnfb]aLsf]
sf]vjf6 @)$) ;fndf hlGdPsL lyO{g .
lgh ;'/Ltf d]/f] sfG5f] h]7fgsL 5f/L
x'g . :jeflas ¿kdf cfkmGtsf]
/fhlglts k|efjdf k/]sL ;'l/tf @)%^
;fndf k'0f{sflng ePsL lyOg .
@)%*;fndf c=g] = d=;3-
qmflGtsf/L_lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o ePkl5
@)%(df cfP/ lhNnf ;ldlt ;lrj,kf6L{
Pl/of ;ldtL ;b:o lyOg . cToGt
ldnG;f/ st{Jolgi7 ;'l/tf @)^)sf]
df3 ( ut] d]/f] alxgL dldtf ;u}
;fd'lxs xTof u/]sf]lyof] .
cDaLsf cfrfo{ hultk'/ ! df
@)$@ ;fn h]i7 @ ut] j'jf Aflb|k;| fb
cfrfo{ cfdf /ltbaL cfrfo{ ua{af6
hlGdPsL clDasf d]/f] elthL xf] . p
@)%*df3 @& ut] b]lv k'0f{sflng
sfo{stf{ eO{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf]
Pl/of ;b:o,@)%#df c=g]=d=;{3 –
qmflGtsf/L_Pl/of cWoIf x'b} ;f]xL ;fndf
kf6L{ Pl/of ;ldlt ;b:o klg lyO{g .
lghsf] ;xfbft @)^) df3 ( ut] km'k'
dldtf ;u} ePsf] lyof] .
/Tgnfn cfrfo{ Hfultk'/ ! j'jf
lzjnfn cfdf rGb|snfsf] dflxnf 5f]/fsf]
¿kdf @)@@ ;fn df3 dlxgfdf
hlGdPsf lyP . @)#^—@)#& ;fnb]lv
sDo'lgi6 k|efjdf k/]sf] 3/ePsfn] logL
;fg} b]lv ;lqmo lyP . @)$^
;fnb]lv ls;fg ;3=@)%% ;fndf
Pl/of ;ldlt cWoIf lyP . kf6L{sf] Pl/of
;b:o ePsf] lghnfO{{ @)%% ;fn h]i7
@) ut] ?s'dsf] rf}/hfxf/Ljf6 3/tL/
cfpb} ubf{ ;'/fsLsf]
;'/fsdf lu/Ktf/ u/L d6]nf k|x/L
rf}sLNf] oftgf lbP/ xTof u/L sdAof8
8|;] nufO{lbP/ e]/Lglbdf kmfn]sf] lyof] .
lgh d]/f] 7'nfa'jfsf] 5f]/f tyf bfh' ;lxb
gGb/fd k5f8Lsf efO{ x'g .
cj ;j}n] j'em\g' kb{5 ls hLjg /
hutdf /x]sf s'¿k / d/0flzn d'No
dfGotfsf lj?4 n8\bf–n8\b} ;'Gb/ /
hLjglzn kIfsf] z'?jft ug]{ dxfg\ tyf
cd/ zxLbx¿k|lt /fi6«n] ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{
/ j]kQfx¿sf] l:ylt l56f]eGbf l56f]
;fj{hlgs u/L ;To tYo s'/f hgtfdf
k'¥ofpg] bf]lif pk/ s8feGbf s8f sfjf{xL
ug]{ / 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/df hf]8 ug'{ kg]{
clgjfo{ cfjZostf jGg k'us ] f] 5 . o;f]
ul/Pg eg] of] b]zdf Pp6f 7"nf] ;f]gfgLsf]
vt/f lhpb} /xG5 / h;n] b]zL–ljb]zL
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ / To;sf e/f}6] ;j}–
;j}nfO{{ Tof] ;f]gfgLn] j9f/]/ ;bf–;bfsf]
nflu /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf km\oflslbg] 5 . xftdf
eg] k5'tf] jfx]s c? s]lx nfUg] 5}g .
sl/j rf/–kfFr k6s cfF eGb} jfSo k'/f
ug{ wf} eof] . jxfFnfO{{ ofb cfof] xf]nf d]/f
5f]/fsf] bf}t/L Ps s'zn ;fyL pd]/sf]
;xofqLsf] pkl:ylt s}of}+ jif{kl5sf] v'Nnf
cfudg ;j}–tl/sfn] . d]/f cuf8L klg
gf}nf] cg'el" t eof] . cfslZds d[To' t
d]/f nflu s'g} st} gf}nf] lyPg . efO{
dfOnf] Ps};fy kf6L{df lx8]sf lyof}+ t/
kfFr jif{kl5 lj5f]8 eof] s'b' s ' f] 6fk'df

aLaL;Ln] g]kfnL efiffsf] /]l8of] k|;f/0f aGb ug{]
sf7df8f}F . a]nfotL k|;f/0f ;+:yf
la|l6; a|f8] sfl:6ª skf]/{ ;
] g -aLaL;L_
af6 /]l8of]sf] ;6{je] df g]kfnL efiffdf
k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] sfo{qmd dfr{
dlxgf;Dddf aGb x'g] ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL;Fu} lxGbL, OG8f]gl] zofO{, lslu{;
/ u|6] n]S; efiffsf] k|;f/0f aGb ug{]
aLaL;n] lg0f{oo lnPsf] 5 . a]nfotL
ljb]z dGqfnoaf6 kfpFb} u/]sf]
cg'bfgdf !^ k|ltztn] s6f}tL ePkl5
aLaL;Ln] pSt lg0f{oo lnPsf] xf] . ^
;o %) sd{rf/LnfO{{ x6fP/ aLaL;Ln]
s]xL ;]jf aGb ug{ nfu]sf] 5 .
aLaL;Lsf] pSt lg0f{ookl5 d}8l/g,
t'sL{, ?;L, o'qm]gL, :k]lgz, ch]/L /
leotgfdL efiffsf] /]l8of] k|;f/0f klg
aGb x'g5 ] . aGb x'gd] f d];8] f]lgog,
cNaflgog / ;la{og ;]jf klg 5g\ .
o;}u/L aGb x'gd] f clk|msfsf nflu
kf]tl{' uh ;]jf tyf Sof/]laog If]qsf
nflu k|;f/0f x'bF } cfPsf] c+uh
]| L k|;f/0f
;]jf klg 5g\ . o;af6 aLaL;L ljZj
;]jfsf] jflifs{ $ s/f]8 $^ nfv kfpG8
vr{ 36\g] clwsf/Lx¿n] atfPsf
5g\ . aLaL;Lsf pkef]Stf tyf
kqsf/x¿n] ;]jf s6f}tL ug{ gx'gd] f
hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . aLaL;L jN8{
;le{;sf k|dv ' lk6/ xfF/fFS;n] ;/sf/L
cg'bfgdf ul/Psf] s6f}tLsf sf/0f
o:tf] lg0f{o lng'k/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
pgn] jN8{ ;le{;sf ;]jfx¿ sfod
/xg] atfP . aLaL;Ln] cgnfOg /
df]afOndfkm{t cfˆgf] gofF ahf/
lj:tf/ ug]{ tof/L u/]sf] 5 .
sfu]; | L km6fxf k|x/L rf}sLdf vj/
k'¥ofP . To;kl5 vn+uf hutLk'/ d6]nf
k|x/L rf}sLaf6 s'bs ' f] s':t/fnfO{{ lgzfg
agfOP5 . oL ;a} s'/f lglZrt eO;s]
kl5 Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no hutLk'/sf
OGrfh{ xl/bQ kf08],vn+¨faf6 OGk]S6/
ljsf; u'?ª / ljqmd yfkfsf] g]tT[ jdf
hutLk'/sf] j6fnf ufpmdf k'Uof] . ToxL
klZrd gfsfaf6 km'Tsg] qmddf s=s'zn
efUg ;kmn x'g' eof] eg] uf]nL xfg]/
OGb|nfO{{ ToxL 9n] . ef]lnkN6 s':t/f
ufpmdf k|x/Lx¿ / ;'/fsLx¿sf] ;+oQ' m
kxndf lvdaxfb'/=a:g]tnfO{{ sAhfdf
lnO{ aGb'ss \ f] s'Gbfn] xfg] . ufp e/L
l3;f/]/ 3'dfP,cfvf lems],sfg sf6] .
ufpm b]lv tnsf] cf]8f/df lnP/ uf]nL
xfgL xTofu/] . ;a} ufpn]x¿nfO{{
lkknrf}tf/Ldf hDdf u/]/ dfc]jfbL /
c? kIfnfO{{ 5'66\ ofpg] sfd eof] . {
xfdLnfO{{ yfxf 5}g eGb} ck|ToIf ¿kdf
k'ln;nfO{{ ;dfTg nufP/=rgfv]
lyof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng kl5
km]l/ kf6L{ ;lqmP x'g' ePsf bfO{ P8gfg
lg/Gt/ qmflGt dfu{df ;dflxt x'b} cfpg'
ePsf] lyof] . hg;d'bfo dfly ljZjf;
ug]{ hgtfx¿df e/kg]{ hgtfsf]
qmflGtsf/L pT;fxnfO{{ sb/ ug]{ jxfsf]
cfbz{ lyof] . Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf hgtf
x'g . g]tT[ jsf] lgdf{0f klg hg;d'bfojf6
x'G5 eGg] jxfdf ljZjf; lyof] . @)$^
;fn efb| %df uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf] ;b:otf
k|fKt ug'{ ePsf bfO{ P8gfg @)$*
;fndf c=g]=ls=;+3 sf] lhNnf ;ldlt
;b:o,@)$( ;fnsf] ;Dd]ngåf/fsf]
sf]iffWoIf r'lgg' ePsf] lyof] . @)$*
;fndf ePsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] k|ltlglw x'g' ePsf]
lyof] . @)%);fndf ;]n ;]qm]6/L,@)%^
;fndf kf6L{ P=l;=Pd=,@)%$ ;fndf
;]qm]6/L,@)%^ ;fn efb| b]lv b}nv ] ±;'vt{ ]
lhNnfsf] lhNnf ;b:o,@)%* ;fndf
;lrjfno ;b:o,@)%( ;fndf e]s
yfkfsf] g]tT[ jdf cfPsf hTyf;u hDsf
e]6 x'G5 . cfkm\gf] sJhfdf lnO{;s]kl5
;]gfn] pgnfO{{ s]/sf/ ub{5 . p ;u}
ePsf Ps hgf sd/]8 km'lT\sg ;kmn
x'G5g ltg tL/ b':dgn] kmfo/ ub{5 .
t/ sNkgf efSb} ubf{ dflyjf6 cfPsf]
csf]{ hTyfn]] pgnfO{{ sJhf ug{ ;kmn
x'G5 . pgnfO{{ cToGt k|tf8gfsf ;fy
7f6L, hfd'g] jhf/, /fsd / ;NnL
jhf/df lk6\b,} l3;fb}{ hgtfsf] jLrdf
tyfgfd jf]Nb} ;NnL jhf/ nu]/ ;fd'lxs
jnTsf/ u/]5g\ . :tg sf6]/ ;j}
hgtfsf] jLrdf pEofP/ d'vdf uf]nL
xfgL p;sf] kf;ljs tl/sfn] xTof u5{g\ .
a'l4k|;fb rkfO{ -lszf]/_+ ;ftf/jfGfL
$ rf]/f;]df,j'jf bftf/fd ,cfdf rfkfO{sf]
sf]vaf6 @)#) ;fndf hlGdg'ePsf]
lyof] . @)%% ;fn dl;/df d;fn 5f]8/]
k'0f{sflng x'g' ePsf h'jfO{ lszf]/ ;f]xL
;fndf Pl/of sld6L ;b:o x'g' ePsf]
lyof] . @)%% df3df d]/L alxgL dldtf
jlxgL dldtf, Pp6} afHosf gftL—
gfltgLx¿ bfh' sgGb/fd,efO{ eb|nfn,
/Tgnfn, /fdk|;fb,uf]laGb,elthLx¿
sNkgf,clDasf,d]/f]
alxgL h'jfO{ a'l4,eb} kfa{tL,cfkm\g}
cufl8 ljnfP . d]/f] kl/jf/sf !!hgf
;b:ox¿ ;lxt lhNnfsf dxTjk'0f{
AolQmTJfx¿ sd/]8 ;To,sd/]8 hLt,
sd/] 8 s' G t,sd/] 8 t] h ,sd/] 8
/ljGb| , sd/] 8 d08n,sd/] 8
sdn,sd/]8 /]zd,s=ga/fh,sd/]8
afo'sd/]8 /fh]Gb|,lzzL/ sd/]8
/df,sd/]8 uf]kfnnufPt lhNnfsfd}
rf/;oeGbf a9L / b]z el/sf
g]tf,sfostf{ / hg;d'bfox¿sf] !#
xhf/eGbf j9L d[To' caZo klg lal;{g}
g;lsg] lhpmbf cfbz{ x'g . o:tf pRr
alnbfgx¿n] xfdLnfO{{ ;w} lg/f;feGbf
pT;fx,zf]seGbf cfqmf]z,lxgtfeGbf
pRrtf hufpg] sfd ub{5g .s;}n] klg
la;L{g gx'g] dxfk'?ifx¿ x'g .
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
;dodf a'l4 gk'¥ofpg]x¿sf] xfnt
…d'vd{ fG5]n] cfk"mnfO{{ k/]/ l;S5 /],
a'l4dfg dfG5]n] c?nfO{{ k/]sf] b]v/] l;S5
/] Æ ============xfd| f ] /fhs' d f/ /
/fhs'df/Lx¿ clxn] cfP/ ;dfh;]jf
ug{nfluk/]sf 5g, xfd|f k"j/{ fhf /
/fhs'df/Lx¿nfO{{ ;fwf/0f gful/s g} x'g'
kg{] lyof] ;dfh;]jf ug{nfO{{ < ;dodf
a'l4 gk'¥ofof] eg] ;a} /fhg]tfx¿sf]
oxL xfnt x'G5 eGg] s'/f ljZjsf]
O{ltxf;n] g} k|:6ofpF5 . hf/ h;/L
sfl6g' gk/]klg, rfpr]:sf] h;/L uf]nL
vfg' gk/]klg xfd|f] k"j/{ fhf / p;sf]
kl/jf/x¿n] o;sf] cg'ej rfxLF u/L g}
/x]sf] xf]nf . g]kfnsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; gx'gd' f
/fh;+:yfsf] ulx/f] xft 5 . lhGbuLe/
;'/f / ;'Gb/Ldf /d]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{{
u+jf/ b]vs ] f] /fh;+:yfn] kfPsf] k|ltkmn
eg]sf] oqf] jif{sf] /fh;+:yf @ ldg]6 klg
gnfuL gf/fo0flx6Laf6 efUg' k/]sf] xf] .
b]z / hgtfsf] OHht / ;'ljwfnfO{{
cfk"mn] kfPsf] df}sfdf Wofg glbg] xf]
eg] o:tf /fhg]tfx¿ km]l/ km]l/ klg
O{ltxf;df h;/L gsfl6onf eGg] 5}g .
clxn] hlt g} xfd|f k"j/{ fhs'df/ /
/fhs'df/Lx¿ ;dfh;]jfsf] gfddf
;NanfP klg pgLx¿sf] clGtd lgzfg
rfxLF g]kfndf /fh;+:yfsf] hu]gf{ ug{' g}
xf] . g]kfnsf] slt hgtf t clxn]sf]
kf6L{x¿sf] cfr/0fn] ubf{ /fh;+:yf s}
lxdfotL ag]sf 5g eGg] s'/f t ev{/
ePsf] kf/; sfG8n] g} b]vfO;Sof] . s;}n]
dfgf]; sL gdfgf]; clxn]sf kf6L{x¿
cem klg of] ;+ljwfg;ef eË eof] eg]
/fh;+:yf JoFl+ ' tG5 sL eGg] qf;df a;]sf]
5 . of] ;a cfˆgf] sfdk|lt cfTdan
sdfpg g;Sg' xf] . clxn] /fh;+:yf
g]kfnsf] nflu /fVg] sL g/fVg] eg]/
hgdt ;+ux| ug{;Sg] cfTdan clxn]sf]
kf6L{ / g]tfx¿df 5}g .
clxn] g]kfnsf] s'g} kf6L{x¿df unt
sfd ug{ pRr cf]xf]bfsf] g]tfx¿nfO{{
b]z / hgtfnfO{{ lbgbxf8} n'6s ] f] b]Vb}
klg sf/afxL ug{ g;Sg' clxn]sf] kf/;
/ ?a]n sfG8n] g} b]vfp5 . o:tf kf6L{
/ g]tfx¿df s;/L b]z / hgtfsf] nflu
hf]lvd lng] cfTdan x'G5 < g]kfnL
hgtfn] O{ltxf;sf] rf/ 38Ldf cfˆgf]
ljsf; / pGgltsf] ca;/ u'dfPsf] 5 .
of] ;a xfd|f] cb'b{ zL{ /fHg]tfx¿sf] sf/0fn]
dfq ePsf] xf] .
klxnf] t xfd|f /fhfx¿n] oqf] jif{sf]
/fh;+:yfsf] O{ltxf;df slxn] g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] pGgtL rfx]gg . logLx¿n]
ljsf; gb]vs ] f] xf] / < oL ;a cd]l/sf
/ o'/f]k 3'd/] , ef]u/] lxF8s ] f lyP, g]kfnL
hgtfn] logLx¿nfO{{ eujfgsf] ¿k
dfGby], g]kfn ;a} logLx¿s} vftfdf
lyof] . logLx¿n] rfx]sf] eP b]zsf] ;a}
7fpFdf hgtf cfkm} sfd u/]/ ljsf;
ub{,} logLx¿sf] Pp6f af]nLn] ;a} sfd
aGYof] . $ n]gsf] xf]Og b]z e/ * n]gsf]
xfOj] agfpg ;lsGYof], x/]s If]qdf ;Dj[4
zx/ tof/ ug{ ;lsGYof], b]znfO{{ rflxg]
hlt lah'nL pTkfbg x'g ;SYof], ;a}
;x/df kfgL sf] Joj:yf x'GYof] . hgtfsf]
6fpsf]df aGb's t]:of{P/ ljsf; ug'k{ g{]
lyPg, Pp6f af]nL sfkmL lyof] .
cJojl:yt tf/ Joj:yfkg cGof]ndf
sf7df8f}F . /fhwfgLdf cJojl:yt
¿kdf 6fFluPsf tf/x¿ Jojl:yt ug{
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;xdt eP klg sfd
cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . uPsf] d+l;/
!# ut] a;]sf] 6]lnsd, ljB't\ k|flws/0f,
s]an l6eL / l6eL P;f]l;P;g,
dxfgu/kflnsfnufotsf
;/f] s f/jfnfx¿sf] a} 7 sn] Ps
dlxgfleq k'gM a}7s af]nfO{ sfd yfNg]
k|lta4tf hgfPsf] lyof] . t/, xfn;Dd
klg clGtd a}7s a:g ;s]sf] 5}g .
;8ssf b'j} lsgf/df /x]sf] vDafdf
em'lG8Psf 6]lnkmf]g, s]an tyf
lah'nLsf tf/ / k|ToIf k|;f/0f ug]{
6]lnlehg / PkmPdx¿n] /fVg] tf/sf]
Joj:yfkg ug{] tof/L ePsf] lyof] .
/fhwfgLdf ;a} e Gbf w] / } g] k fn
cGhgf >]i7
;a}n] eujfg eGYof], g]kfnL hgtfn]
cfˆgf] ;j{Zj lbg tof/ x'GYof], ljZjdf
zflGtlk|o d'ns ' eg]/ ;a}n] ;xof]u u/]s}
lyof] . lhGbuLe/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{{ lgd'vf
agfP/ lgd'vf hgtfsf] /fhf eP/
/dfO/x]sf] k|ltkmn clxn] ef]lu/x]sf] 5
/fh;+:yfn] t/ Tof] eGbf a9L g]kfnL
hgtfn] clxn] /fh;+:yfsf] cb'/blz{tfsf]
/Gsf] ef]Ug' kl//x]5 . bf];f| ] lyof] k|hftGqsf]
ljho kl5 g]kfnL sfFu;]| n] b'O{ ltxfO
ax'dt NofP/ ;+;b\sf] r'gfj lht]/ klg
b]z / hgtfsf] ljZjf;nfO{{ nft lxsf{P/
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf h:tf] cb'/bl;{ /
:jfyL{ g]tfn] b]znfO{{ dWofjwL r'gfjdf
nu]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljsf; / pGgtLsf]
df}sfnfO{{ ue{} t'xfOlbof] . @.# ax'dt
NofP/ agfPsf] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] kf6L{nfO{{
g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljsf; / pGgltnfO{{
dWogh/ /fv]/ ca krf;f} jif{ /fh ug{]
kf6L{sf] ¿kdf g]kfnL sfFu;] | nfO{{ :yflkt
ug{s' f] ;§f cfˆgf] JolStut :jfy{df lnKt
eP/ g]kfnL sfFu;] | dfq xf]Og{ sL g]kfnL
hgtf / b]zsf] ljsf;nfO{{ cem @))
jif{k5fl8 ws]nL lbof] . @.# ax'dt eg]sf]
/fHo ;~rfng ug{ lbPsf] hgtfsf]
zlSt;fnL DofG8]6 lyof] .
h;nfO{{ pkof]u u/]/ b]Zsf] lgod
sfg'g kl/dflh{t ug{;SYof] . gofF gofF
hgljsf;sf] cWofb]z hf/L ug{;SYof],
gofF sd{rf/LtGqsf] :yfkgf ug{;SYof],
/fH;+:yfn] clxn];Dd b]z / hgtfsf]
nfuL gu/]sf] ;a} s'/f ug{ hgtfn]
clwsf/ lbPsf] lyof] . ljkIfn] af]Ng]
7fpF lyPg g]kfnsf] Ps dfq k|hftflGqs
kf6L{sf] ¿kdf lrlgGYof] . of] ;do g]kfn
/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljsf;df vlr{g' kg{]
lyof] . cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] eljio g]kfnL
hgtfsf] dgdf :yflkt ug{' kg{] a]nf
lyof] . g]kfnL hgtf ljsf; / cfly{s
pGgtLsf] ef]sf lyP, ljsf;sf] jQL
afNg'sf] ;§f hgtfsf] cfzfdf nft
a;f{of] . h;sf] df/ g]kfnL hgtfn] dfq
xf]Og{ g]kfnL sfFu;] | n] cem w]/} a]xf]g{ ' k¥of]
h;sf] pbfx/0f !$ !$ jif{ b]zdf
dfcf]jfbL o'4 x'bF f klg g]kfnLsf] dgdf
g]kfnL sfFu;] | x':;' s} cj:yfdf x'gk' /]sf]n]
g} b]vfpF5 . lul/hfk|;fbsf] cb'/bl;{tfsf]
df/ clxn];Dd g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
ljsf;n] v]Kg' k/]sf] 5 .
t];f| ] lyof] /fhf lj/]Gb|sf] a+z gfz
ePkl5 h'g lbg csf]{ cb'/bzL{ /fhf
1fg]Gb|n] lbglbg} cfk"mcfkm} e08fkmf]/ u/]/
a:g] ;/sf/ lgnlDat u/]/ ;a} sfo{sf/L
/fHo ;Qf xTofsf] lbg . cfˆg} bfOsf]
a+z gfz u/]/ ePklg o:tf e|:6 kf6L{sf]
e|:6 g]tfx¿sf] ;/sf/ lgnlDat u/]/
ca b]znfO{{ arfpg] eof] eg]/ b]z
ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx¿ s]xL If0f ePklg
v'zL ePsf lyP . la;f} jif{bl] v g]kfnL
e|:6 kf6L{ / g]tfx¿sf] xflnd'xfnLaf6 /
o'4sf] df/af6 jfSs eO;s]sf hgtfn]
ca of] /fhfn] rfxLF s]xL ug]{ eof] eg]/
lemgf] cfzf /fv]sf lyP . e|:6 g]tf /
sd{rf/Lsf] ;DklQ hkmt u/L, k'/fgf
b]z / hgtfsf] cfzf la?4df nflu
6]lnsdsf 6]lnkmf]g tf/x¿ cJol:yt
5g\ . oL tf/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L ;s];Dd
sd dfqfdf k|of]u ug{] u[xsfo{ ePsf]
6]lnsdn] hgfPsf] 5 . 6]lnsdn]
tf/;lxtsf 6]lnkmf]gsf nflu ;8ssf
vDafdf tf/ afFws ] f] 5 . …;8ssf
vDafdf cJol:yt ¿kdf afFlwPsf
tf/dWo] g]kfn 6]lnsd / s]ansf
tf/x¿ w]/} 5g\, lognfO{ l5§} Joj:yfkg
ug{ ;dGjo ePsf] 5,Ú 6]lnsdsf jl/i7
n]vf clws[t /fh]z pk|t] Ln] eg] .
tf/nfO{ sd k|of]u ubf{ ldNg] If]qdf
sd k|of]u ug],{ cgfjZos ¿kdf
em'lG8Psf tf/ sf6\g,] vDafdf v'nf
u/L afFlwPsf tf/nfO{ s:g]nufotsf
sfd x'g] pgn] atfP . ;8ssf vDaf
k|of]u u/]afkt k|of]ustf{n] jflif{s
k/]sf kf6L{x¿nfO{{ aGb]h nufO, e|:6
sd{rf/LtGqsf] ;+oGqnfO{{ eQfe'tª' kf/L
gofF cWofw'lgs ;+oGqsf] ljsf;sf] of]hgf
agfO, of]Uo / ltIf\0f a'l4 ePsf
o'jfx¿nfO{{ gofF ;+oGqdf 7fpF lbP/, ;a}
hkmt ;DklQnfO{{ hgtf / b]zsf] k'jf{wf/
ljsf;df nufP/ g]kfnsf] gofF ljsf;sf]
;fFrf] vf]ns ] f] eP g]kfnL hgtfn] oxL
1fg]Gb|nfO{{ ePklg cfˆgf] /fhf dfg]/
a;f};{ Dd klg a:g tof/ x'Gy], /fhf /
hgtfn] ldn]/ b]zsf] b|t' ultdf ljsf;
ug{;lsg] cj:yf lyof] . t/ b'/blz{tfdf
;'Go ePsf] of] /fhfn] b]z / hgtfsf]
ljsf;sf] ef]snfO{{ cfk"mn] ;Qf lngf;fy
kfvf nufP/ klxn] hgtfn] cljZjf;
u/]sf, b]zsf] gful/stfnfO{{ nTofP/
efu]sf, u'08fulb{df gfd sdfPsfx¿nfO{{
cfˆgf] ;fy lnP/ cfˆgf] :jfuL{o bfHo'
k"j/{ fhf lj/]Gb|sf] dfq xf]Og{ sL p;sf]
;f/f ;Gtfgsf] ;DklQ cfˆgf] gfddf
/fVg yfNof] . o:tf] cb'/bzL{ /fhfsf]
sf/0fn] g]kfn / g]kfnLn] ljsf; /
pGgtLnfO{{ e]6g] csf]{ cj;/ klg u'dfpg'
k¥of] . o;sf] df/ g]kfnL hgtfn] t w]/}
g} kfO/x]sf] 5 t/ ztfAbLb]lv g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] /ut / kl;gf dfly df]h
p8fO/x]sf] /fh;+:yfn] ca p7g} g;Sg]
u/]/ ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] 5, ;dfh;]jfsf]
gfddf g]kfnL hgtfsf] glhs cfpg
k|of; ug{'k/]sf] 5 . rf}yf] lyof]
dfcf]jfbLn] !$ jif{sf] eLif0f hgo'4kl5
zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPkl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfjdf ax'dt NofpFbf g]kfnL hgtfn]
s]xL xb;Dd /fxt dx;'; u/]sf] lyof] .
ca cft+saf6 5'6sf/f kfOg] eof], ca
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df cfpg] eof], hgtfn]
/fxt kfpg] eof], hgtf ;'/lIft x'g]
eof], ca dfcf]jfbLn] ;a} ;Qf lnG5,
s]xL gePklg hgtfn] zflGtn] Zjf;
km]g{ kfpg] eof] eGg] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn]
hgo'4 klg o;s} nflu 5]8s ] f] lyof] .
;fDofjfbL gf/f lbP/ ;f/f g]kfnL ufpFsf]
ef]sf gfËf hgtfnfO{{ ufF;, afF; /
skf;sf] gf/f lbP/ xfdL cfof}F eg]
g]kfnsf] d'xf/ g} km]5f}{ eg]sf] lyof] .
hgtfn] e|:6 /fhgLlts kf6L{ /
sfo{stf{bl] v jfSs eP/, dfcf]jfbLsf]
rGbf cft+s / u'08fubL{af6 ql;t eP/
egf}F logLx¿nfO{{ Psrf]l6 ;/sf/df
k'¥ofof] eg] s]xL t unf{ eGg] k/fnsf]
TofGb|f h:tf] cfzf lnP/ ef]6 lbPsf]
lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf ax'dt
NofPkl5 cfˆgf] ;fDojfbsf] gf/f t stf
xf] stf b]z / hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] gf/f
lnP/ ufpF ufpF lxF8g] of] kf6L{n] s'g} 7f];
hf]vLd lng] cf6 ug{;s]g . logLx¿n]
b]z / hgtfsf] ljsf; / pGgtLnfO{{
d'Vo d'2f agfP/ ljb]zL zlSt;Fu g8/fO
s]xL jif{ cfˆg} ana'tfdf xfdL lhpg
;S5f} eg]/ cfk"mn] lht]sf] ef]lnkN6}
lul/hfsf] ;/sf/nfO{{ 3f]qm]7o\ fs nfP/
;/sf/ u7g ug{ lxDdt /fVg ;Sg'kYof],{
o:tf e|:6 sd{rfl/tGqsf] ;+oGqnfO{{
t'?Gt} eTsfpg' kYof],{ ;f]leot ;+3df
af]N;]les / rfOgfdf dfcf]n] h;/L
lgwf{l/t z'Ns ltg{k' 5{ . 6]lnsdsf
vDafsf] k|of]u u/]afkt k|of]ustf{n]
k|ltvDaf dxfgu/ If]qdf # ;o #%,
pkxfgu/kflnsfdf If]qdf @ ;o %),
gu/kflnsf If]qdf @ ;o / uflj;df
! ;o %) ¿k}ofF jflif{s ¿kdf ltg{k' g]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L, ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf vDaf
k|of]ustf{n] jflif{s ¿kdf pkTosfdf
@ ;o %, pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ! ;o
%), gu/kflnsfdf ! ;o / uflj;df
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k|flws/0fafx]s dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{
;d]t jflif{s z'Ns a'emfpg'kg]{ s]an
ck/]6/x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . 6]lnsdn]
ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf dfq} tLg xhf/eGbf
qmflGt ;s]/ ;/sf/ u7g u/]sf] h;/L
ug{;Sg' kYof{] sL So'afdf lkm8]n Sof:6«fn] ,]
j]gh ] o' nfdf Xo'uf] rfe]hn] h:tf] u/]
h:tf] u/La / lgd'vf hgtfnfO{{ k|dv ' pRr kxf8L e"–efudf lxp" k/]/ ufp"j:tL / v]tLkftL k'/] klg sf7df8f}n
d' 2 f agfP/ kl/jt{ g u/] h:t}
g]kfndfkl/jt{g ug{;Sg] cfF6 ug'{ kYof{] .
o;f] u/]/ cfˆgf] ;Dk'0f{zlSt b]z /
hgtfsf] ljsf; / k'jf{wf/sf] ljsf;df
nufPsf] eP dfcf]jfbL g} ePklg g]kfnL
hgtfn] :jLsfg{] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] s]xL
gePklg s]xL jif{kl5 nf]stGq lbg] eP/
klg b]zsf] ljsf; Psflwsf/ ¿kdf
/fh ug{;SYof] . g]kfnL hgtfn] ljsf;sf]
d'n /;fPsf] x]g] { cj;/ kfpg ;SYof] .
t/ o;f] ug{s ' f] ;f6f] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿
lanf;L uf8L, dxFuf] xf]6n] sf] a;fO, cfˆgf]
glhssf] sfo{stf{sf] ;'ljwf / cfk"m
;fDojfbL gSsnL vf]n cf]9L c?sf]
cufl8 nf]stlGqs xf} eGg] b]vfpg] rfnn]
lul/hfsf] ;/sf/ a;{l] g;Dd klg kmfNg]
hf]vLd lng ;s]g . ufpF ufpFdf ufF;
afF; skf;sf] vf]qmf] gf/f lbP/ ufFpsf
lgd'vf hgtfnfO{{ a]as'km agfO cfk"mx¿
;x/df lj:yflkt dfq x'g] rfnn] g]kfnL
hgtfsf] ljsf; / pGgtLsf] cg'xf/ x]g{
csf]{ cj;/ klg df6f]df ldnfO{ lbof] .
o;n] ubf{ ca t dfcf]jfbLsf] rl/q
/ Joaxf/ klg pbfª eO{ ca cfpg]
r'gfjdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ efu lng klg
8/n] yy{ sfDg' k/sf] 5 . xhf/f} xhf/
g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg alnbfg kl5 klg
b]z / hgtfsf] Psnf}6L ljsf;sf] nflu
hf]lvd lng g;Sg]x¿sf] xfnt klg cGo
/fhg]tfx¿ eGbf Ps/QL klg km/s
x'gj] fnf eg] 5}g . ;fDojfbL gf/f lbP/
xhf/f}+ g]kfnLnfO{{ ufF; afF; skf;sf] cfzf
b]vfP/ lxF8s ] f] dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg;efdf
cfˆgf] ax'dt NofpFbf ca s]xL jif{sf]
nflu eg] klg ;fDojfbL zf;g nufpg]
cfF6 ug{g;Sg', b]z / hgtfsf] nflu
hf]vLddf lng g;Sg'n] of] k|:6ofpF5
sL logLx¿ klg cGo /fhg]tf eGbf
s]xL km/s eg] xf]Og{ . dfq logLx¿sf]
rfxgf g]kfnL /fhgLltdf ;'/lIft
cjt/0f x'g' lyof] g sL b]z / hgtfsf]
nflu hf]lvd lng' lyof] . xf] dfcf]jfbLn]
klg cfk"mnfO{{ hªnaf6 ;x/df lj:yflkt
ug{dfq vf]hs ] f]n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] csf]{
k6s klg cfz d¥of] . cfk"mn] df}sf
kfpFbf df}sfsf] kmfO{bf p7fO b]z /
hgtfdf cfk"mnfO{{ ;dlk{t ug{g;Sg] /
gvf]h] /fhg]tfx¿sf] elj:o rfxLF
Oltxf;n] d' N ofÍg u/] s f cGo
/fhg]tfx¿sf] h;/L g} d'NofÍg x'g5 ] .
clxn]sf] cj:yfdf klg c?nfO{{ k/]sf]
b]v]/ ghfGg] /fhg]tfx¿sf] xfnt
Oltxf;df rfpr]:sf] h;/L uf]nL vfg'
kg]{ xf] sL / hf/ h;/L sfl6g' kg]{ xf]
sL ljZjsf] zLt o'4sf] ;dosf]
zlStzfnL ;f]leot ;+3sf] ;Qfwf/L g]tf
eP/ klg ldvfOn uf]af{rf]e h:tf]
cd]l/sL kLhf{ x6sf] lj1fkg u/] h:tf]
ef/tsf] s'g} sDklgsf] algofgsf]
lj1fkg ug{k' g{] xf] ls, jflz+u6gsf]
ln+sg d]df]l/ondf ca|fxd ln+sg
7fl6P/ a;] h:tf] u/L a:g kfpg] xf]
Tof] ;don] g} atfpnf .
w]/} vDaf k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . h;afkt
jflif{s @ s/f]8 ¿k}ofFeGbf a9L
a'emfpg'kg]{ 6]lnsdn] hgfPsf] 5 .
6]lnsdsf dfq} !% xhf/eGbf w]/} /
ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf sl/a @% xhf/ vDaf
/fhwfgLdf 5g\ . s]an / 6]lnkmf]gsf
tf/ hldgd'lg la5\ofP/ n}hfg g;Sbf
/fhwfgL cJol:yt b]lvPsf] lj1x¿n]
atfPsf 5g\ . df6f]dl' gaf6 n}hfFbf w]/}
vr{ nfUg] / uNg] ;Defjgf a9L ePsfn]
tf/x¿ kf] n df /fVg] ul/Psf]
k|fljlwsx¿ atfpF5g\ . /fhwfgLdf
d'Vo–d'Vo ;8sdf ufl8Psf vDafdf
kfFrj6f;Dd tf/ /flvPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
6]lnlehg / PkmPdx¿n] k|ToIf k|;f/0f
ug]{ qmddf tf/x¿ /fVg] qmd a9\b}
uPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
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lt
hgfb]z gdfGbfsf] kl/0flt
gf/fo0fk|;fb kf}8]n
clxn] df3 dlxgf rln/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{{ ;aeGbf lr;f] dlxgfsf ¿kdf
lnOG5 t/ df};d hlt lr;f] eP klg /fhgLlts ;/udL{n] df3sf] lr;f]nfO{{
klg dfy ul/lbPsf] 5 . t/fO{df zLtnx/n] s7\of+lu|P/ hlt dfG5] d/] klg,
F fO{{
To;n] 5f]Psf] 5}g . l;+xb/af/df k:g] / lgSng] hf]8 36fpn] b]zsf df};dkLl8t
hgtfsf] ;d:of x]g{] k'm;{b s;}nfO{{ 5}g . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt o;/L hgtfsf]
hLjgaf6 6fl9b} uPsf] 5 . oxL df3 dlxgf nfUbf;fy g]kfnaf6 ;+oS' t
/fi6«;3+ Lo ld;g -cgldg_ aflxl/of] . ef/tLo ljb]z ;lrj lg¿kdf /fj
g]kfn cfP/ kmls{g\ . ef/t ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{{ aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfg;lxt
cGo cfjZos kg]{ xftxltof/ lbg] eof] . oxL dlxgfdf emngfy vgfnsf
ufnfdf r8\sg k¥of] . /fli6«o ;xdlts} nflu eg]/ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]
cfˆgf hgd'lSt ;]gfnfO{{ ljz]if ;ldltnfO{{ a'emfof] . ;+;b\n] gof" lgodfjnL
kfl/t u/]/ ;/sf/ 5fGg] af6f] cln ;'ud agfof] . ca ;xdltsf] ;/sf/
gag] klg ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ aGnf . o;}an ] f /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjsf]
ef/t e|d0f rNb}5 . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{leq cfGtl/s c;dembf/L a9]sf]
5 . hgtfsf ;d:of eg] hxf"sf] txLF 5g\ . sf7df8f}s F f] ;Qfs]lGb|t /fhgLlts
;/udL{n] s'g} klg hgtfnfO{{ 5f]Psf] 5}g . a? …sf}jfnfO{{ a]n kfSof] xif{
lj:dftÚ eg]em}F ePsf] 5 . of] dlxgfdf ePsf pNn]lvt sltko sfdn]
;/sf/ / To;;"u ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{{ k|ToIf c;/ kf/] klg, lnsaf6
aflxl/Psf] /fhgLltnfO{{ 7fp"df Nofpg] k|of; hf/L u/] klg, w]/n } fO{{ ;+qmd0fsfn
5f]6o\ fpg] sfddf Tolt k|ult xf]nfh:tf] nfu]sf] 5}g . hgfb]zsf] sb/
geP;Dd, lxhf]sf ;+ljwfg;efsf lj/f]wLn] if8\oGqk"0f{ t/Lsfn] cfh
;+ljwfg;efdf sAhf hdfP;Dd, ;dod} hg;+ljwfg n]lvPnf eg]/ clwsf+z
hgtfdf ljZjf; hfu]sf] 5}g . ;+;b\sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] bnsf] ckdfg u/]/
zflGt k|lqmofn] ;d'lrt lgsf; e]6fpnf / åGå ;dfwfg xf]nf eGg] s'/fdf klg
w]/} hgtfdf z+sf 5 . z+sfn] nÍf hnfp"5 eG5g\ . To;sf] aLp emflËb}
uPdf 9'Ëf klg unfp"5 / ;Qfn] d}dQf ePsfsf] l;ª–h'/f] ef"R5 / 9nfp"5
eGg]x¿ klg 5g\ . ef"R5 ef"Rb}g, 9nfp"5 9nfp"bg} Tof] x]g]{ ;dosf] k|tLIff
ug{a] fx]s xfdL;"u csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . t/ ef"R5 eGg]x¿n] emngfy vgfnnfO{{
yKk8 xfg]/ To;sf] ;'?jft eO;s]sf] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . x]/f},F s] x'G5 -
emngfy vgfnsf] kf6L{leq ;Qfsf] g]tT[ j u/]sf] eP klg pgL cfkm}F ;Qfn] d}dQf
ePsf g]tf lyPgg\ . wf]sfsf] v]n v]Ng dflx/ pgn] t a? d}dQf aGg] kfn}
kfPsf lyPgg\ . dfwj g]kfn, v8\u cf]nL / /3' kGtx¿ eg] e'Od" f g ef"8fdf
eP/ kf]lvPsf lyP . ltgLx¿ lxhf]sf zfxL sDo'lgi6 x'gfn] ;+ljwfg;ef /
u0ftGqsf] lj/f]w ugf{n] g]kfnL hgtfn] klg lgjf{rgaf6} ;hfo lbPsf lyP .
hgtfn] lbPsf] Tof] ;hfo pgLx¿nfO{{ kr]g . To;}n] lj:tf/jfbsf] bnfnL ug{
k'u] . lxhf] /fhfnfO{{ 9f]Ug] afgL k/]sfn] cfh ef/tnfO{{ 9f]u] / ;Qf;'v ef]u] .
bnfnLs} sf/0f ;/sf/df hfg kfPkl5 g]kfnL hgtf;"u abnf lng vf]h] .
To;sf] klg hjfkm g]kfnL hgtfn] lbg} af"sL /x]sf] eGg] rrf{ ;j{q rln/x]sf]
a]nf ljr/f emngfyn] yKk8 vfP . emngfyn] vfPsf] yKk8nfO{{ sltkon] wfg
vfg] d';f] rf]6 kfpg] Eofu'tf] eg]sf] klg ;'lgof] . ;'gfpg]x¿n] t emngfy
sf08nfO{{ …ldof"sL h'tL ldof"sL ;/Ú klg eg] . pgs} kf6L{leq sfo{stf{af6
pgsf] x'dt{ lnOg'sf k5fl8 dfwj g]kfnsf] ;/sf/nfO{{ /fhLgfdf lbg afWo
kf/]sf]n] cf]nL kIfn] abnf lnPsf] eGg]x¿ klg e]l6P . sltkon] t emngfynfO{{
yKk8 xfGg] dfG5] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ glhssf] xf] eGg klg af"sL /fv]gg\ . ;xdtLo
;/sf/sf] dfnf hk]/ ljut 5 dlxgf g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{{ emngfyn] ultxLg
agfPsfn] To;/L hgcfqmf]z k|s6 ePsf] xf] eGg] klg e]l6P . yKk8 xfGg]nfO{{
cfly{s ;xof]u ug{ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o a}s + sf vftf gDa/ klg ;fj{hlgs
ul/P . emngfynfO{{ v'lrª eGg]x¿ / emngfyk|lt ;xfg'el" t b]vfpg]x¿df
Psk|sf/n] ;fgf]ltgf] bf]xf]/L rn]sf] klg b]lvof] . b'ak} IfnfO{{ ToxL Pp6f sf08
s]–s] g} eof] . …gkfpg]n] s]/f kfof] af]qm}l;t vfof]Ú elgPsf] ;fob oxL eP/
xf]nf . eGg]n] h];s ' } eg] klg dfGg}kg]{ s'/frflx" s] xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn]
/fhgLlts bnx¿af6 ck]Iff u/]sf] s'/f s'g} klg k"/f ePsf 5}gg\ . k'/fgf
bnx¿sf] hglj/f]wL /j}of, cfk;L / cfGtl/s lju|xn] hgck]Iff k"/f x'g
g;s]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hggtfnfO{{ /fd|} u/L yfxf 5 . ;fdfGo hgck]Iff
klg k"/f gu/]sfn] k'/fgf bn / g]tfx¿k|ltsf] hgljZjf; 36]sf] 5 / cfqmf]z
a9]sf] klg 5 . ;+;b\jfbL bnn] o:tf s'/f krfO;s]sf 5g\ . gkr]sf] t
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ dfq} xf] . To;}n] p;n] hgrfxgfcg';f/ sfd ug{
vf]H5, hgfb]zcg';f/sf] ;/sf/ agf];\ / hgtfsf] sfd ug{ kfOof];\ eGg] cfz
klg u5{ t/ k'/fgf ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿n] lbFbg} g\ . dfcf]jfbL klg sf+u; ]| /
Pdfn]h:t} hglj/f]wL, oyfl:yltjfbL / kZrufdL agf];\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] rfxgf
5 . ;+;b\jfbL bnsf] Tof] rfxgf k"/f ePdf @)^@÷^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf]
cf}lrTo ;lsg] 5 . bz jif{ hgo'4af6 k|fKt ePsf ;a} pknlAw u'Dg] 5g\ .
;+3Lotf, ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf s'/fsf] s'g} cy{ /xg] 5}g .
/fhfsf 7fp"df /fi6«klt eGg] zAb km]l/P/ k'/fg} @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cfpg]
5 / lxhf]h:t} ;+;bLo kmf]xf]/L v]n k"/} bf]xf]l/g] 5 . lxhf]sf] ;+;bLosfnsf]
kmf]x/L v]n yf]/} bf]xf]l/bf t sfpnfsf] af]qmf ;+sng ug{ h+un uPsf dlxnf
anfTs[t eP/ dfl/g], ;'sd' af;LnfO{{ uf]nL 7f]s/] n3fl/g], dGqLn] l;l8cf] s'6g\ ,]
k|wfgdGqLn] ;lrjx¿nfO{{ x'Sg], ;fdfGo a+unfb]zL gful/sn] g]kfnnfO{{ ;;'/fnL
7fg]/ dgk/L ug],{ b]zleq vfg gkfP/ ljb]lzPsf g]kfnL sfd ubf{ub}{ Hofg
u'dfp"bf kfPsf] Ifltk"l\{ t /sd /fhb"tn] krfOlbg], zflGt ld;gdf uPsf
k'ln;sf] nQfeQf ;d]t vfOlbg], xl/of] jg k"/} ;vfk kfl/lbg], sldzgdf
gldn]/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sd} s':tL v]Ng], cbfntn] ;/sf/nfO{{ / ;/sf/n]
cbfntnfO{{ e|i6frf/ u/]sf] cf/f]ksf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{h ] :tf cg]sf}F l3gnfUbf
sfd ePsf 5g\ / b]zdf hgcfqmf]zsf] of] xfnt 5 eg] ef]ln ;+;bLo v]n k"/}
bf]xf]l/Fbf emg\ s] xfnt xf]nf < sNkgf ug{ klg ;lsGg .
;+;bjfbL bnsf] o:t} kmf]x/L v]nn] b]z 8'afPsf] x'gfn] To;af6 ptfg{ g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] @)%@ ;fnsf] kmfu'gaf6 hgo'4 ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . Tof] hgo'4 /
@)^@÷^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] ;lbof}b+ l] vsf] /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{{
;dfKt kf¥of] . gof" ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgf klg u¥of] . gof"
Joj:yfdf g]kfnL hgtfn] gof" / hgfb]zcg';f/sf] ;/sf/ / hgd'vL sfdsf] dfu
ug{] s'g} ck/fw xf]Og . hgtfsf] ck]IffnfO{{ cGoyf dfGg klg ;lsGg . of] s'/f
g]kfnsf k'/fgf ;+;bjfbL bnn] a'emb}gg\ / ca klg hgfb]zcg';f/sf] sfd ub}g{ g\ eg]
oxf" hgo'4eGbf 7"nf] csf]{ eLif0f o'4 x'g;S5 . O/fs, kfls:tfg / ckmuflg:tfgdf h:t}
g]kfnsf x/]s 7"nf ;x/ / dflnssf dxndf cfTd3ftL ad k8\lsg ;S5g\ . g]kfndf
ToxL x'g dfq af"sL lyof] . xfd|f ;+;bjfbL bnn] To;}nfO{{ lgDtf] lbb}5g\ . To:tf] cj:yf
cfP pgLx¿sf] /fhgLltnfO{{ OGb|s ] f afp rGb|n] ] klg arfpg ;Sg] 5}g .
ˆ4
g]kfnn] u'dfPsf dxTjk"0f{ cj;/x¿
;QfkIfåf/f clVtof/L ul/g]
gLltx¿n] g} s' g } klg b] z sf]
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s
lbzfaf]w lgwf{/0f ug{] ePsf] sf/0f
s'g} klg b]zdf /fhgLlt ;sf/fTds
;dfh kl/jt{gsf] k|an Pj+ ;zSt
pTk|/] s aGg' k5{ ;xL JolSt rog
ePsf] v08df . Jojxf/df h] eP
klg ;}4flGts ¿kdf eg] ljZj;fd'
cfˆgf] e"ldsfnfO{ s;/L k|efjzfnL
agfpg] eGg] l t/ ljsl;t b] z
cfk"msxfF ljBdfg ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{
c? k| e fjsf/L agfpF b } ljZj
/ËdGrdf cfk" m nfO{ zlStzfnL
agfpg] tyf ljZjJofkL ;d:of
Go"gLs/0f h:tf k|Zgdf clwsfl/s
s]lGb|t x'G5g\ eg] cljsl;t b]z
PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf klg hgtfsf
g};lu{s cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{h:tf
s'/f / clgolGqt / cAoal:yt
If] q x¿nfO{ s;/L lgolGqt /
Jojl:yt agfP/ cufl8 a9\g] eGg]df
g} ;+3if{/t ePsf] kfOG5 . ;dfh
kl/jt{g hl6n Pj+ sl7g k|lqmof /
sfo{ ePsf]n] o;sf] nflu cfk"mnfO{
;/n / :jfy{/lxt Odfgbf/ JolStsf]
¿kdf k|:t't gu/];Dd pko'{St
p2]Zo kl/k"lt{df of]ubfg lbPsf]
b]lvg'sf] cnfjf afws ag]sf] dx;';
;dfhn] ug{k' g]{ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf x'g
;S5 . ;a} /fhgLltsdL{x¿ cfk"mnfO{
b]z / hgtfk|lt ;dlk{t ePsf] /
;dfh kl/jt{g gfos alg/x]sf]
k|dfl0ft ug{ e/dUb'/ k|of; u5{g\
en} /fhgLltnfO{ ;aeGbf /fd|f]
Joj;fo agfP/ ;dfhnfO{
oyfl:yltd} /fVg] cyjf cem k5fl8
ws]Ng] u/]sf g} lsg gx'g\ . o;
k| j [ l tn] ubf{ ;dfh kl/jt{ g sf
cfjZostf / gf/fx¿ oyfy{t f
¿kfGt/0f x'g] ;Defjgfsf 9f]sfx¿
aGb k| f oM cj:yfdf k' U g' s' g }
cfZro{hgs s'/f] xf]Og . ctM ;fFRr}
;dfhnfO{ cu|ufdL lbzflt/ pGd'v
u/fpg] g} xf] eg] /fhgLltnfO{
;aeGbf /fd|f] Joj;fo agfpg]x¿sf]
k~hfaf6 d'lSt lbnfpg g;lsP;Dd
o; hl6n Pj+ sl7g p2]Zo k|flKt
;Dej gb]lvg] eGg] s'/fdf zfob}
b'O{dt xf]nf . k~rfotL Joj:yfsf]
cGTokl5 g] k fnL hgtfsf]
rfxgfcg' ¿ k kl/jt{ g sf
;Defjgfx¿n] clwsflws dfqfdf
d"t¿ { k lng] cfzf :jfefljs lyof]
t/ ;Dk"0f{ /fo /fhgLltsdL{x¿df
;/ntf / Odfgbfl/tfsf] cefj
68\sf/f] ¿kdf b]vfk¥of] . k];]j/
/fhgLltsdL{x¿n] la:tf/–la:tf/
/fhgLltnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kd}
;aeGbf /fd|f] Aoj;fosf] ¿kdf
k|dfl0ft u/]/ dfq b]vfPgg ls
;f+;b lsga]r, /ftf] kf;kf]6{ /
;' T s] / L eQf h:tf oyfy{ t fn]
/fhgLltnfO{ ufOhfq] gLltdf kl/0ft
ul/lbP . gofF af]tnleqsf gofF /S;L
k'/fgf] /S;LeGbf s8f ePsf] eGg
lxrlsrfpg ufx|f] dfGg'kg]{ kl/l:ylt
l;h{ g f eof] . oyfy{ t fnfO{
oyfy{¿kdf eGg' kbf{ eGg} kg]{ o;
lsl;dsf xLgtfaf] w ug' { k g] {
oyfy{tfx¿n] Oltxf;df g/fd|/L sfnf]
wAaf nufOlbPsf] 5 k|hftGqsf]
k'g:yf{kgfkZrftsf] ;dofalwnfO{ .
ljutsf e|i6frf/Ldfly sf/jfxL ug{
/ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] ;+oGq tof/
ug{sf] cnfjf emg\–emg\ e|i6frf/
a9\bf] ¿kdf b]vf kfg{, h]ndf k/]sf
e|i6x¿nfO{ ;d]t aflx/ Nofpg' h:tf
;Dk"0f{ ultljlwn] ;f] ;do g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] b'ef{Uo dfq geP/ Oltxf;d}
clt sn+lst ;do ;flat eof] eGg
lxrlsrfpg] 7fpF /flvlbPgg\ – of]
g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] nflu 7"nf] b'ef{Uo
/ cax]ngf lyof] eg] g]kfn /
g]kfnLdflysf] 7"nf] v]naf8 / t
g]kfnL hgtfn] cfˆgf] cGt/j]bgfnfO{
5tf5' N n kfl/lbP laut
/fds'df/ >]i7
;+lawfg;efsf] r'gfjdfkm{t\ s;}n]
glrtfPsf] kl/0ffd lbP/ . r'gfj
kl/0ffdkZrft lautsf uNtL
sdhf]/Lx¿df ul/g' kg{] kZrftfksf]
cnfjf ;f]xL uNtL sdhf]/LnfO{ g}
lagf xLgtfaf]w lg/Gtt/tf lbg' /
:jfy{k0" f{ cg]sg k|ToIf–ck|ToIf gf6s
dGrg ul/g'sf] kl/0ffd b]z c?
cgk]lIft tj/n] ljZj /fhgLltdf
/]s8{ sfod gofF lsl;dsf nHhf:kb
;d:ofx¿sf] e'd/Ldf hsl8g k'Uof] .
k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfkZrftsf]
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf b]zn] lglZrt
lbzfaf]w ug{ ;Sg] ;Defljt tLg
;'cj;/ r'sfPsf] b]lvG5 : klxnf]
lyof] g]kfnL sfFu|];n] :k:6 ax'dt
k|fKt u/]sf] a]nf . gftfjfb, s[kfjfb,
kml/ofjfb, cGofo, cTofrf/,
e|i6frf/, b'/frf/ cflbsf] lj/f]w u/]/
b] z df ePsf] k| h ftGqsf]
k'gj{xflnkl5sf] r'gfjdf g]kfnL
sfF u | ] ; n] :k:6 ax' d t xfl;n
u/]kZrft p;nfO{ lgw{Ss;Fu ;/sf/
rnfpg s'g} sl7gfO lyPg h] h:tf
lsl;dsf lg0f{ox¿ lnP/ h:tf]
lsl;dn] sfd ug{sf] nflu klg ;d:of
gePsf]n] . To;kl5 Pp6} kf6L{n] :k:6
ax'dt NofPsf] cj:yf gePsf]n]
To;/L 9'Ss;Fu sfd ug{ ;Sg]
kl/l:ylt bf]xf]l/g ;s]g . hgrfxgf
/ b] z sf] cfjZostfcg' ¿ ksf
ljifox¿nfO{ k| f yldstf lbF b }
;+odtfsf ;fy g]kfnL sfFu; ]| n] b]zdf
s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg ;s]sf] eP g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df sDo'lg:6x¿sf] cj:yf
sdhf]/ x'g] ;Defjgf k|an x'GYof]
eg] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] Ps5q zf;g
rNg] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ d'l:sn
kYof]{ . lsgls hgtf ;fdfGot s'g
kf6L{ cyjf zf;g k4ltlt/ a9L
e'msfa /fV5g\ eGg] s'/f ;do,
kl/l:ylt / cj:yfn] lgwf{/0f ug]{
s'/f xf] . hgtfsf] nflu ToxL kf6L{
/fd|f] xf] h;n] pgLx¿sf] nflu s]xL
ug{ ;S5 cyjf s]xL u5{ ls eGg]
ck] I ff ug] { cfwf/ /xG5 . ha
pgLx¿sf] cfzfdf t'iff/fkft x'g
yfNb5 t pgLx¿nfO{ kf6L{ kl/jt{g
ug{ s'g} dxfef/t gx'g ;S5 . s';L{
kfpg]lalQs} Toqf] jif{sf] Tofu /
;+3if{nfO{ la;]{/ cfk"mnfO{ zf;s /
hgtfnfO{ zfl;tsf] ¿kdf lng yfnL
h]–h:tf cf/f]k nufP/ k~rfot
kmflnPsf] lyof] ltg}nfO{ emg\ 8/nfUbf]
e"t agfP/ hufpg] sfd u/L gofF–
gofF cgluGtL gfhfoh wgf9\ox¿sf]
hGd u/fP/ b]znfO{ sËfn agfpg]
sfd eof] . o;/L g]kfnL sfFu|];n]
g]kfndf cfˆgf] Ps5q zf;g rNg
;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Sg]
jftfj/0f x'bF fx'bF } klg ;+odtf, /fli6«o
lrGtg, v' n f / a[ x t\ ;f] + r /
b'/blz{tfsf] cefjdf kf6L{ /b]z
b'j}nfO{ n}hfg ;Sg] lbzflt/ gnu]/
ljk/Lt lbzflt/ hfg kg]{ kl/l:ylt
l;h{gf u¥of] eg] ;Lldt JolStdf
ePsf] Ps tdf;sf] /a}of / ;f]
/a}ofsf] v'n]/ la/f]w ug{ g;Sg]
k|j[ltsf] sf/0f ;f] kf6L{n] cfufdL
lbgdf ef]Ug kg{] ;d:ofsf] las/fn
8/nfUbf] ¿ksf] sfnf] afbn cem}
x6]sf] dx;'; ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g .
bf];f| ] ca;/ xf]– tfTsflng /fhf
tyf at{dfg ;fdfGo g]kfnL gful/s
1fg]Gb|n] kf6L{x¿nfO{ kG5fP/ zf;gsf]
afu8f]/ cfˆgf] xftdf lnPsf] a]nf .
;/sf/df /xFbf/xFb} klg cgfof;
k|wfgdGqLnufot ;Dk"0f{ dGqLx¿
gf6sLo 9Ën] PsfPs gh/aGbsf]
cj:yfdf /xg kg]{ h'g cj:yfsf]
l;h{gf eof], To;n] s] k|dfl0ft u¥of]
eg] ;}lgs dfq geP/ k|x/L k|zf;gn]
klg ljz]if kl/l:yltdf s:tf] lsl;dsf]
e"ldsf lgaf{x ubf]{/x]5 t . To;
lsl;daf6 zf;gsf] afu8f]/ cfˆgf]
xftdf lnPkl5sf] /fhgLlt Ps
lsl;dn] ;'g;fg h:tf] b]lvGYof] – ;a}
kf6L{sf] ;fd"lxs sfo{qmddf ;d]t
hg;xeflutf lg/fzfhgs g} x'GYof] .
o; lsl;dsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ tfTsflng
/fhf 1fg]Gb|n] /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿k|ltsf]
lat[i0ftfsf] ¿kdf dfq a'emL bDenfO{
cem a9fjf lbPsf] b] l vG5 .
b/af/xTofsf08af/] k| s fzdf
NofOPsf s'/fx¿ / tfTsflng o'j/fh
kf/;k|ltsf] hgwf/0ffsf] oyfy{tf
a'‰bfa'‰b} klg ga'em]sf] h:tf] u/L
kl/l:yltsf] /fd|f; ] uF laZn]if0f u/L
sfo{gLlt agfpg'sf] cnfjf k]n/] nfg]
gLlt clVtof/L u/] . gkfpg'kg]{ /fHo
zlSt bf]>f] k6s xft k/]s} lyof],
/fhg}lts ultljlw emG8}emG8} z"Go
k| o f; lyof] , ;} l gs / k| x /L
k| z f;gnufot ;Dk" 0 f{ k| z f;g
eg]cg';f/ ;~rfng ug{ ;d:of
lyPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf]
Pp6} Wofg x'gk' Yof]{ – Odfgbf/ / ;Ifd
JolStx¿nfO{ ;d]6/] b]zdf s]xL u/]/
b]vfpg] . o;sf] nflu cGo /fhgLlts
zlStx¿sf] t' n gfdf cfˆgf]
rfxgfg'¿k sfd ug{ pgnfO{ w]/} ;xh
jftfj/0f lyof] . olb pgn] o;
lsl;dsf] gLltnfO{ clVtof/L u/]/
b]zdf s]xL u/]sf eP ;kg} ;kgfdf
afFRg afWo hgtfsf] nflu …s] vf]H5;\
sfgf], cfFvfÚ e}xfNYof] . ;Dejt b/af/
xTofsf08, kf/;sf] ultljlw /
/fhgLltk| l tsf] Ps lsl;dsf]
ljt[i0ftfsf] kL8faf]w la:tf/} la:tf/}
sd x'g ;Sg] ;DefagfnfO{ gsfg{
;lsGg . t/, To;f] ge} h;f]t;f]
rln/x]sf] b]z k'gM h;f]t;f]s} ¿kdf
g} rNg yfn]kl5 hgtf a];fxf/f eP,
kfgLlagfsf] df5f h:t} eP . o:t}df
tfTsflng t]>f] 7"nf] kf6L{sf] ¿kdf
ePsf] kf6L{sf] Pp6f ;fgf] lx:;fn]
e" l dut ¿kdf ;' ? u/] s f]
cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ b; jif{sf] 5f]6f] ;dodf
z'elrGtsx¿sf] ;d]t cfk"m / cfˆgf
sfo{stf{x¿ ;sfpg] xf] ls eGg]
z+sfsf] afah'b b]zdf b]vfk/]sf
af/Daf/sf cgk]lIft / c:jfefljs
cToGt} kL8fbfoL jf:tljstfsf]
dnhn kfP/ s;}n] g;f]rs ] f] lsl;dn]
/fli6«o :t/df cfˆgf] ;+u7g / zlSt
lgdf{0f ug{ ;dy{ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;fy
kfP/ cGo kf6L{x¿n] cfGbf]ngnfO{
;zSt ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg kfP
/b/af/ k5fl8 x6\g afWo eof] .
b/af/åf/f / cem slQn] t 1fg]Gb|åf/f
;~rflnt elgPsf] ToxL dfcf]jfbL ToxL
b/af/ / cem pxL 1fg] G b| n fO{
zlStxLg agfpg] lg0ff{os zlSt aGg
k' U of] . tt\ k Zrft ePsf]
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;a}nfO{
cfZro{rlst t'NofpFb} h]–h:tf]
lsl;dn] cgk]lIft ta/af6 r'gfj
kl/0ffd b]vfk¥of] To;sf] dnhn
eg]s} cfdg]kfnLn] b]Vb} / ef]Ub} cfPsf
k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfkZrft b]vfk/]sf
7"nf kf6L{x¿sf ljleGg lsl;dsf
;bfjxf/ ufOhfq] lqmofsnfkx¿ x'g
eGg] s'/f ljjfbeGbf aflx/sf] s'/f
e};Sof] . oxfF u}/dfcf]jfbLx¿n] a'‰g}
kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ oyfy{tf s] xf] eg] /x/n]
dfcf]jfbLsf] kl5 Toqf] hg;fu/ pn]s { f]
xf]Og / dfcf]jfbL kIfw/n] klg
a'‰g}kg]{ s'/f xf]– h]–h:tf sf/0fn]
h]–h;/L hg;fu/ pgLx¿sf] kIfdf
pn]/{ cfof], g]sfF / Pdfn]sf ljutsf
;bfjxf/ ufOhfq] lqmofsnfk g}
To;sf] d"n sf/0f ePsf]n] ;f]
hgnx/sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu b]z /
hgtfsf] cfjZostfg'¿ksf 7f];
sfo{qmdx¿ / g]tT[ jbfoL AolStx¿df
pbfx/0fLo Joaxf/ / rl/q 68\sf/f]
¿kdf b]lvg g;s]sf] v08df Tof]
;Dej x'g] 5}g lsgls g]sfF /
Pdfn]eGbf leGg ¿kdf Pg]skf -
dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ lng] cfwf/ To; a]nf
;dfKt x'g]5 / hgtf k'gM gofF
zlStsf] vf]hdf ef}tfl/g afWo
x'g]5g\ . :k:6tM ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgkZrft\ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf
ePsf] ;xdtLo k4ltnfO{ ax'dltodf
kl/jt{g ug{sf] kl/0ffd xf] cfhsf]
g] k fnsf] cj:yf / klg cem}
cfTdfnf]rgf u/]/ rl/q ;'wf/ ug{
cfF6 s;}df b]lvPsf] 5}g / Tof] dfq}
hgtfsf] gh/df IfDo x'g] cfwf/ xf]
eGg] a'‰g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . clGtd
/ t];f| ] ca;/ xf]– dfcf]jfbLn] g]tT[ j
u/]sf] ;/sf/kl5 lgdf{0f ePsf]
jt{dfg ;/sf/ . of] ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f
k|lqmofdf g} b]lvPsf] Pp6f laz]iftf
xf] k| h ftflGqs kl/kf6LnfO{ g}
xf:of:kb agfpg] lsl;dn] ;/sf/sf]
g]tT[ j ug{ kf6L{sf tkm{af6 ;/sf/df
;xefuL x'g]x¿ Pshgfafx]s ;a}
lgjf{rgdf k/flht x'gx] ¿ ;dfj]z
ul/g' / ToxL Pshgfn] klg /fhLgfdf
lbg' / cGo kf6L{sf tkm{af6 klg
w]/}h;f] r'gfjdf k/flht ePsfx¿
/ ljleGg cf/f] k df ;+ n Ug
ePsfx¿nfO{ g} ;/sf/df ;dfj]z
u/fOg' . k|wfgdGqLsf ;Nnfxsf/ klg
r'gfjdf k/flht ePsf / lgodfg';f/
x' g ' k g] { Go" g td lzIff k| f Kt
gu/]sf;d]t /flvP . Psb'O{hgfsf]
nflu cfFvf lrDng ;lsG5, t/ o;/L
k|hftGqsf] lvNnL p8fpg] / d'9]an
k|of]u ul/g' eg]sf] g]kfnL, k|hftGq
/ k|fKt u0ftGqnfO{ lvNnL p8fpg]
sbdeGbf c? s] x'g ;Snf t?
h]xf];,\ o;/L r'gfadf k/flht ePsf
/ cg]s cf/f]k nfu]sfx¿n] o;/L
u0ftGq cfPkl5 klg gkfpg' kg{]
h'g df}sf kfPsf lyP ;/sf/df
a:g]n] o;nfO{ hgtfsf] cfk"mk|ltsf]
b[il6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;'j0f{
ca;/sf] ¿kdf lnP/ b]zsf] nflu
s] x L ug{ kYof] { . t/ b' e f{ U o
gfgLb]lvsf] afgL elgg' kg]{ cj:yf
dfq l;h{gf u/]gg\ af]Ng gx'g] af]Ng
/ ug{ gx'g] ug{sf nflu Psbd}
vlKk; hTyf ePsf] k|dfl0ft u/]/}
b]vfP, g]kfnsf sfg'g b}an] hfg"g
eGg] s'/fnfO{ af/Daf/ k|dfl0ft u/]/}
5f8] .
o;/L af/Daf/sf k| f Kt
;'a;/x¿nfO{ b]zn] u'dfpFb} cfPsf]
b] l vG5 / hgtfsf af/Daf/sf
;+3if{kl5sf kl/jt{gx¿kZrftsf
cfzfx¿df t'iff/fkft u/fOPsf]
b] l vG5 . g] k fnsf] /fhgLltdf
af/Daf/ Psbd} cgk]lIft kl/0ffd
lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ hgtfn] h:n] g]kfnL
hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/nfO{ k|ltlalDat
ub{5 . h;/L g]kfnL /fhgLlt1x¿n]
/fhgLltnfO{ ;aeGbf /fd|f] Aoj;fo
agfP/ af/Daf/ g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{
cfZjf;g ¿kL efif0fdf g} afFRg afWo
agfO/x]sf 5g\, cj:yf ca klg
To;/L g} /lx/xg]5 eGg] s'/fdf ca
eg] /fhgLlt1x¿ 9'Ss gePs} /fd|f]
eGg] ;Gb]zx¿ b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\
/ tL c? ;zSt ¿kdf b]vfkg{
;S5g\ cfufdL lbgx¿df . ctM b]zn]
clxn] ; Dd k| f Kt u/] s f y' k | }
ca;/x¿nfO{ cfˆgf cToGt} lglxt
:jfy{x¿sf sf/0f b]z / hgtfnfO{
h]–h;/L Joaxfl/s ¿kdf lt/–ljt/
ub}{ kL8f lbg] sfd u/]sf lyP, ca
klg ;xL lsl;daf6 ljZn]if0f ug{] /
a'‰g ;St}gg\ eg] Tof] lrgLsf] tLtf]
:jfb dx;'; ug{ lbg lgDTofg'eGbf
a9L s]xL x'g] 5}g . …eL/af6 n8\g]
uf]?nfO{ /fd /fd eGg ;lsG5, sfFw
yfKg xf]Og .Ú To;}n] g]tfx¿df a]nd} f
;b\a'l4 cfcf];\, oxL z'esfdgf Û
;fj{hlgs
:yfgdf
w"dk| fg gu/f}+ .
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
ljlrq ;+;f/
hLgdf n'ss
] f] ldqtfsf] /x:o
cd]l/sL zf]wstf{x?sf cg';f/ tkfO{ sf];uF ldqtf ug{x' G' 5 eGg] s'/f
tkfO{s
+ f] hLgsf] ;+/rgfaf6 yfxf x'g] ub{5 . b'O{ cnu–cnu zf]wsf cfFs8fnfO{{
ldnfP/ ul/Psf] cWoogaf6 /S;Lsf] ntsf] lzsf/ dflg;df kfOg] hLg h'g
JolStdf x'G5 pgLx? ;fy} /xG5 dg k/fpF5g\\ . t/ kfrg / v'nfkg;Fu
;DalGwt hLg h'g JolStdf Ps} k|sf/sf lyP pgLx? cnu–cnu ePsf]
kfOof] . g]zgn Ps]8d] L ckm ;fOG;df of] zf]wsf] kl/0ffd k|sflzt 5 . zf]wstf{x?n]
5 hLg cWoog u/]sf lyP . /S;Lsf] nt;Fu ;DalGwt dflgg] Pp6f hLgsf]
8Lcf/8L @ sf] cWoogaf6 yfxf eof] ls of] hLg ePsf JolStx? dflg;x?df
3'nldn x'G5g\\ . oxL ;LjfO{kL@P^ hLg h'g lgsf]l6g h:tf] tTj krfpg] sfd
ub{5 of] hLg ePsf JolStx? Pscsf{bl] v 6f9f /xg] ub{5g\\ . o:tf] lsg
x'G5 < o;sf] hjfkm zf]wstf{x?;Fu 5}g t/ pgLx?sf cg';f/ of] hLg arfp
/0fgLltsf] Pp6f lx:;f x'g ;Sb5 . zf]wstf{x?sf cg';f/ ljleGg bDktLdf
klg o; k|sf/sf] tYo km]nf k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 ls s'g} klg
JolSt cfˆgf] h:t} /f]u ePsf] JolStsf] 5g\f6] hLjg;fyLsf ?kdf ub}g{ .
;LjfO{kL@P^ hLg olb tkfO{d+ f 5 eg] tkfO{+ gofF ljrf/ / l:ylt;Fu lgk6\gsf
nflu tof/ /xg' x'G5 . :jefljt /f]hfO{ t/ of] ;a} olt l;wf / ;/n 5}g, h;n]
/S;L lkpF5 p af/ jf ka hfG5 / p;sf ldq klg ToxL aGb5 . zfob Ps}
k|sf/sf] hLgsf] k5fl8 of] Pp6f sf/0f x'g ;Sb5 . zf]wstf{x?n] h'g ^ hLgsf
cWoog u/]sf lyP o;dWo] rf/ hLgdf ToxL hLg / ldqtf l;wf alnof] ;DaGw
b]lvPg . of] zf]wsf] g]tT[ j ug]{ Soflnkmf]lg{of ljZjljBfnosf k|fk] m];/ h]D;
kmfpn/sf cg';f/ lgs} xb;Dd o; ljifodf xfd|f] ;dem agfpg ;kmn 5, xfdL
:jefljs ?kn] lsg s]xL JolStnfO{{ a9L dg k/fpF5f}F / s]xLnfO{{ k/fpFbg} f}F <pgn]
aLaL;L Go'hnfO{{ eg], d]/f] ljrf/df of] x'g ;S5 ls ldqtfsf] k5fl8 s'g
k|sf/sf] hLg 5, o;nfO{{ kQf nufpgfn] xfd|f] ldqtfsf] k|lqmof a'‰g ;xh x'g5 ] .
t/, c? zf]wsf] cfjZostf 5 . aLaL;L
sd{rf/Ln] a|f nufP gnufPsf] xflsdn] x]g]{
a|f nufpg] ls gnufpg] eGg] lg0f{o ;DalGwt dlxnf lglxt x'G5 . t/
hd{gsf] Ps cbfntn] eg] dlxnf sd{rf/Ln] a|f nufpg] ls gnufpg] eGg]
xflsdsf] lg0f{odf e/ kg]{ lg0f{o ;'gfPsf] 5 . cbfntsf] cfb]zdf elgPsf]
5, …/fhuf/L lbg] xflds cfˆgf] dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{{ a|f nufpg cfb]z lbg
;S5g\\ .Ú ef/tLo ;dfrf/ Ph]G;L gjef/t 6fOD;sf cg';f/ hd{gLsf]
sf]nf]s :6]6 sf]6{] ljdfg:ynsf ;'/Iffsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kf]zfssf af/]df
o:tf] km};nf ;'gfPsf] xf] . km};nfcg';f/ xflsdn] s'g} klg dlxnf sfdbf/nfO{{
sfo{If]qdf a|f nufpg cfb]z lbg ;S5g\\ .
s's/' ue{jtL ePkl5 k|lzIfs lgnlDjt
crfgs ue{jtL ePsf] eGb} ef/tsf] 5QL;u9l:yt ;z:q k'ln;sf]
;ftf}F jflxgLdf sfo{/t s's'/nfO{{ lgnDjg ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx?sf] ;fydf
st{JoxLg / cj}wflgs sfd u/]sf] cf/f]kdf b'O{ k|lzIfsnfO{{ klg lgnDjgdf
k/]sf 5g\\ . ;fy} k|lzIfsx?nfO{{ s's/' ue{jtL x'gs
' f] sf/0f af/] :ki6Ls/0f
;f]lwPsf] aLaL;Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . k|lzIfsåo eg] cfk"mx? lgbf]{if /x]sf]
atfPsf 5g\\ . pgLx?n] s's'/ /fVg] :yfg elTsPsfn] /flt aflx/ uPsf] /
uNnLsf s's/' x?;Fu ;Dks{ /fv]sf] x'g ;Sg];d]t bfaL u/]sf 5g\\ . ;Ldf /
lhNnf 5QL;u9 k'ln;sf] …8u :jfF8Ú ;b:o x'g\ . pgLx?sf] sfd lj:kmf]6s
/ gzfn' kbfy{ kQf nufpg / ljleGg cg';Gwfgdf k|x/LnfO{{ ;3fpg' xf] .
pgLx? ue{jtL x'g'nfO{{ uDeL/ uNtLsf ?kdf x]l/Psf] 5 .
/utaf6 pd]/ yfxf x'G5
aLaL;L . j}1flgsx¿n] Pp6f o:tf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ h;af6
s'g} klg ck/fw:ynaf6 k|fKt ;+lbUw /utaf6 pSt /ut 5f]8g\ ] JolStsf] pd]/
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ of] k|ljlwnfO{ kmf]/l] S;s j}1flgsx¿n]
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . h;af6 cg';Gwfg cl3 a9fpg ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . of]
k|ljlwcGtu{t /utdf aUg] 6L–sf]lzsfsf] nIf0fx¿sf] cWoog ul/G5 . 6L–
sf]lzn] s'g} klg aflx/L xdnf h:tf] AofS6]l/of, efO/; jf 6\od' / sf]lzsfx¿
klxrfg ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . o; qmddf ;fgf] uf]nfsf/ 8LPgP
c0f' aGb5 t/ o;sf] ;+Vof pd]/;Fu;Fu} lgoldt b/n] sd x'bF } hfG5 . of] sfd
g]b/Nof08;df zf]wstf{x¿sf] Pp6f 6Ldn] u/]sf] xf] . of] zf]wsf] k|sfzg s/]G6
afof]nhLdf ul/Psf] 5 . s/]G6 afof]nhLdf j}1flgsx¿n] cfˆgf] of] ljsf;sf]
dfWodaf6 hLjg lj1fgsf] Tof] tYo atfPsf 5g\ h;af6 s'g} klg JolStsf]
;xL / ;l6s pd]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df x/]s JolStnfO{ Pp6f cnu–
cnu pd]/ >]0fLdf /flvPsf] 5 . / o;df pd]/sf] bfo/f aL; jif{ /flvPsf] 5 .
gofF k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 s'g} klg JolStsf] pd]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 t/ c;nL
pd]/ / cg'dflgt pd]/df gf} jif{;Ddsf] km/s x'g ;Sb5 . 8LPgP hfgsf/Lsf]
dfWodaf6 s'g} klg JolStsf] skfn jf cfFvfsf] /Ë kQf nufpg' kmf]/l] G;s
If]qdf gofF xf] . O/]:d; o'lgel;{6L d]l8sn ;]G6/ /f+§8]dsf d'Vo zf]wstf{
d]gk|m] 8 s]o;/sf cg';f/ cg';Gwfgaf6 8LPgPsf] dfWodaf6 dg':osf af/]df
;a}eGbf ;l6s hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g ;Sb5 . kmf]/l] G;s If]qdf k/Dk/fut 8LPgPsf]
hfFraf6 hfFrstf{x¿n] ToxL JolStsf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ h;sf] af/]df
klxnf hfgsf/L x'G5 . ;a} kmf]/l] G;s k|of]uzfnfx¿sf ;fd' Tof] dfldnf cfpg]
ub{5 h;sf] af/]df 36gf:yndf k|fKt k|df0fsf] cfwf/df h'g 8LPgP hfgsf/L
k|fKt x'G5 Tof] ;+lbUw JolStdf ePsf] hfFr;Fu d]n vfFbg} / g ck/fwLx¿sf]
tYox¿;Fu ;DalGwt cfFs8fx¿;Fu g} . o:tf] a]nf s'g} klg JolStsf af/]df
k|fKt k|df0fdf ¿k–/Ësf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 / s'g} cGhfg JolSt vf]Hg
;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 .
crDdsf] df]afOn
;fd;'Ën] crDdsf] df]afOn ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . ;fd;'Ë PSjf gfd
u/]sf] o; df]afOn k"/} kf/bzL{ 5 . sDkgLsf cg';f/ o;sf] lgdf{0f kfgLn]
ag]sf] lrqaf6 k|]l/t /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{n] 6]andf kf]v]sf] kfgLn] df]afOn
kmf]gsf] lrq agfP h:tf] b]lvG5 of] kmf]g klg To:t} b]lvG5 . o; kmf]gdf
cg]s laz]iftfx¿ /x]sf 5g, h;dWo] 6rl:qmg,k|m]G8nL lnlSj8 a}6«L tyf
l:nd x}+8;]6 k|d'v /x]sf] 5 . xfnnfOo; kmf]g k|of]usf] ¿kdf lgsfn]sf]
eP tfklg rfF8} g} o;sf] Jofkfl/s pTkfbg ;'? x'g] sDkgLn] lj1lKtdfkm{t\
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] d"No eg] v'nfOPsf] 5}g .
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
dfcf]jfbL nrstf, k|ltufdLsf] ;kmntf gagf];\
;do 3s{b} 5, ug'k{ g]{ cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ sfdx¿ c;/Nn} 5g\ . hgtfdf
cfzfsf] ;§f lg/fzf / /fhgLlts
g]tT[ jk|lt ljt[i0ff a9\bf] 5 . cu|udg
tyf kl/jt{g rfxg] tyf oyfl:ylt
nDAofpFb} b]znfO{ k|ltudglt/ n}hfg]
k|ltufdL zlQmaLrsf] ;+3if{ k]lrnf] aGb}
hfFbf hgtf c? lg/f; tyf Aofs'n
aGb} uPsf 5g\ . hgtfsf] ;fy tyf
;dy{g eP/ klg, cfˆgf Ph]08f tyf
cfk"mn] p7fPsf d'4fx¿df b]z rn]klg
cfk"m tyf cfˆgf Ph]08f zxL ePsf]
k|df0fLt ePklg To;nfO{ d't¿ { k lbg]
tyf pknAw lglZrt pknAwLx¿nfO{
;d]t ;+:yfut ug]{ qmddf kl/jt{gsf/L
zlQm lg/Lx b]lvPsf] 5 . b]zL, ljb]zL
zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] cf8, e/f];f tyf of]hgfdf
k|ltufdLx¿ kl/jt{gsf of]hgf e'Q]
agfpg], hgtfsf cf;fsf sL/0fx¿df
t';f/fkft ug],{ hgtfnfO{ cndNofpFb}
hgtfs} lj?4df tyf cfˆgf kIfdf k|of]u
ug]{ / cGtt ;fdGt, bnfn, kFh ' LktL,
tyf gf]s/zfxx¿sf :jfy{ /Iff ug]{
of]hgfdf ;kmn x'bF } 5g\ . ;fdGt, bnfn
tyf kFh ' LktLx¿sf] Pp6} ;femf nIo
eg]sf] b]znfO{ c/fhstfsf] vf8ndf
ws]Ng], oyfl:ylt nDJofpg], kl/jt{gsf
d'4fx¿, hgtfsf rfxfgf tyf b]zsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ 5fofdf kfb}{ n}hfg] tyf
cGTodf b]znfO{ lauts} cj:yfdf
k'¥ofpg] cyjf cu|udgdf tuf/f] xfNb}
k|ltudgdf n}hfg' g} xf] / o;df logLx¿
Ps xb;Dd ;kmn aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ .
Jofks hgdt ;lxt ;Qfdf cfPsf]
kf6L{nfO{ ;xdtLo k2tL tf]8/] ax'dtLo
k2tLdf hfg'k5{ eGg] ;t{ /fv]/ rf/–
rf/ dlxgf;Dd ;/sf/ agfpg glbg'
logLx¿sf] klxnf] ;kmntf xf] . ;/sf/
ag]kl5 s'g} sfd ug{ glbg' tyf ug{
nfu]sf ;sf/fTds sfdx¿ ;d]t ljleGg
afwf, Jojwfg v8f u/]/ /f]Sg' tyf ToxL
k|lqmof bf]xf]¥ofpb} ;+jw} flgs /fi6«kltnfO{
sfo{sf/L agfP/ c;+jw} flgs tj/n]
bf]xf]/f] ;Qfsf] cj:yf >[hgf u/fpg'
tyf kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmnfO{ ;/sf/ 5f]8g\
afWo kfg'{ logLx¿sf] csf]{ ;kmntf xf] .
kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmnfO{ kfvf nufpg,
p;sf Ph]08f lj:yflkt ug{, p;nfO{
c;kmn b]vfpg Pp6f e'm08 tof/ x'g'
cyjf Pp6f ckljq u7aGwg tof/
x'g' logLx¿sf] csf]{ ;kmntf xf] . hgtfsf
Ph]08f lnP/ cufl8 a9]sf] kl/jt{gsf]
;+jfxs tyf hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ kfvf
nufpg'sf] cy{ k|ltufdLsf] ;kmntf g}
xf] . ckljq u7aGwg cyjf k|ltufdL
zlQmsf] Ph]08f cu|udg x'g} ;Sb}g /
kl/jt{g ;+:yfut of] zlQmsf] Ph]08fd}
kb}g{ eg] hgtfn] kl/jt{gsf] k|Tofe'lt
ug{ ;Sg] s'/} ePg . of] zlQmsf] nIo,
Wo]o tyf p2]Zo jf Ph]08f h] eg] klg
dfcf]jfbL cyjf kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmnfO{
c;kmn kfg]{ xf] . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'g} sfd
ug}{ glbg] xf] . ljleGg ;t{ /fVb},
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] xf] . oxL
nIosf ;fy logLx¿ ;t{ yf]kb}{ 5g\
eg] dfcf]jfbL hgtfsf] gfddf, ;xdltsf]
gfddf, nrstfsf] gfddf, tyf ;fy{s
zflGtk|so[ fsf] gfddf logLx¿sf ;t{x¿
dfGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . af3sf bfx|f tyf
g+uf| lgsfn]kl5 To;sf] s]xL cy{ /xFbg}
eGg] s'/f g]kfnsf k|ltufdLx¿n] /fd|/L
a'em]sf 5g\ To;}n] logLx¿n] ;'?df
jfOl;Pn la?4 h]xfb 5]8] eg] clxn]
logLx¿sf] tf/f] hgd'QmL;]gf ag]sf] 5 .
hgd'QmL;]gfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 5'6fpg],
hgd'QmL;]gfnfO{ k'g{:yfkgf tyf
;dfof]hgsf] gfdddf l5Gg leGg kfg]{ /
Tof] zlQmsf] cl:yTj vtd kf/]kl5
cu|udg, kl/jt{g, z';f;g, tyf
;dfgtfsf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg],
hgtfsf] kIfdf af]lnlbg] ;d]t sf]xL x'bF g} g
/ cfˆgf] a|Dxn'6n] lg/Gt/tf kfO/G5,
cfk"m dflns tyf hgtf bfzsf] :yfgdf
/lx/xG5g eGg] e|ddf of] k|lts[ofjfbL,
bnfn, ;fdGt tyf k|ltufdL e'm08
kl//x]sf] 5 .
;'sD' af;L ;d:of h:tfsf] t:t} 5,
d'Qm sd}of tyf sdnx/Lsf ;d:of
ax;
g]qk|;fb sfk\mn] ‘/f]zg’
p:t} 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ ug'k{ g]d{ f
cyjf e"ldsf] k'gl{ at/0f ug'k{ g]d { f
;fdGtx¿sf sAhf ul/Psf hUuf ;d]t
esfes lkmtf{ ug]{ sfd eof] . /fHo;Qf
cfd'n kl/jt{g tyf k'g;{ /+ rgf ug'{ kg]d{ f
pxL kmf;L:6, pxL t:s/ tyf e|:6x¿sf]
af]njfnf tyf laulauL oyfjt 5 .
;/sf/ sAhf u/]/ a;]sf k|ltufdL,
;fdGt tyf bnfnx¿ k~rfoltz}nLdf
/ld/x]sf 5g\ . hgtf clwsf/ ;DkGg
x'g] s'/f, kl/jt{g ;+:yfut x'gk' g]{ s'/f,
zf]lift, kLl8t tyf lkN;LPsf s/f]8f}
hgtfx¿sf cl:yTj tyf ;dfgtfsf
s'/f logLx¿ ;'Gg ;d]t rfxFbg} g\ .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3'8F f 6]sfpg], cfTd;dk{0f
u/fpg] tyf l;Wofpg] s'/f v'nc ] fd ub}{
lxF8L/x]sf 5g\, dfcf]jfbL tyf s/f]8f}
c;fxfo tyf cjfhljxLgx¿nfO{ r'gf}tL
lbO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ klg dfcf]jfbL
logLx¿nfO{ lrGg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
dfcf]jfbLn] k|lt/f]w tyf lab|fx] sf] ;'?cft
ug{ w]/} l9nf eO;Sof] t/ klg dfcf]jfbL
ce}m ;xsfo{, ;xdlt tyf gofF ;+ljwfg
eGb} logLx¿sf] k5fl8 nflu/x]sf] 5, of]
;/f;/ unt xf] . ca dfcf]jfbLn]
hgtfnfO{ ;f]Wg'k5{ g]kfnsf] nf]stGq ;xL
5 < xfdLn] rfx]sf] oxL xf] < ta hgtfn]
lbg]5g\ pQ/ . nf]stGq cfk}mF df unt
xf]Og, t/ g]kfnsf] nf]stGqnfO{ s'g}
;Eo, hfu?s tyf ;r]t dflg;n] ;xL
eGg ;Sb}g . g]kfnsf] xsdf hfn, em]n,
if8\oGq tyf lj:tf/jfbsf] cfb]z
nf]stGqsf] z/L/ ePsf] 5 . e|i6rf/,
t:s/L tyf sfnf] ahf/L Tof]
nf] s tGqsf] z/L/df /ut ag] /
bf}8LO/x]sf] 5 . s';f;g, l9nf;':tL tyf
cTofrf/ To;sf] d'6' ag]sf] 5 eg] of]
;a}sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ g]tT[ j of] Joj:yfsf]
zf; ag]/ wLsL/ wLsL/ k|f0f wflg/x]sf]
5 . ck/fwLx¿ pRr dgf]ansf ;fy
/fHo;Qfsf] s]Gb|df cf;Lg 5g\ eg],
slyt nf] s tGqsf] cfj/0f leq
ck/fwsf] /fHo lgdf{0fdf tNnLgx¿
/fhgLlts g] t [ T jsf] ¿kdf lt
ck/fwLx¿sf] ;+/If0f u/]/ al;/x]sf
5g\ . of] ;Dk'0f{ ;+hfnsf] Pp6} p2]Zo
xf] hgtfsf] rfxfgf tyf b]zsf]
cfjZostf k}tfnfn] s'Nrb} cfˆgf]
;j{;Qf nflb/xg] . of] l;:6d cyjf
k/Lkf6L unt 5 . of] g]tT[ jsf] dg,
dl:tis tyf dfg;Lstf unt 5, of]
/fHo ;+ o Gq unt 5, o;sf
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] af]nLarg, Jofjxf/ tyf
sfo{zn } L unt 5 . t/ klg g]skf
dfcf]jfbL ;xdtL, ;xsfo{, gofF ;+ljwfg
tyf kl/jt{g ;+:yut ug]{ gfpdf
logLx¿s} ;xof]uL aGb} 5 . of] ljifodf
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] k'gl{ arf/ ug}k{ 5{ .
hftLo, If]qLo, n}u+ Ls, eflifs, wfdL{s,
cNk;+Vos tyf lk58f ju{sf] pTyfg
tyf ljsf;sf] af6f] of] xf]Og . hgtf
clwsf/;DkGg x'ga] f6f] of] xf]Og . b]z
k'0f{ :jflwg tyf :jtGq aGg]af6f] of]
xf]Og . kl/jt{gsf] lgDtL s'jf{gL
u/]sfx¿sf] ;kgf ;sf/ kfg]a{ f6f] of]
xf]Og . of] /a}of tyf of] k|so[ fn] ;fdGt,
bnfn tyf k|ltufdLsf] enfO{ afx]s
c? s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g eg] of] untaf6f]df
e'Ng'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g .
cfh b'lgofFn] a'em]sf] 5 kl/jt{gsf]
nflu n8]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] xf], ;dfgtfsf]
nflu n8]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] xf], ;+:yfut
x'g g;s]s} ePklg pknAw ePsf s]xL
;Lldt clwsf/ dfcf]jfbLn] g} :yflkt
u/]sf] xf], t/ k|ltufdL e'm08 oL ;a}
;xL sfdx¿sf] h; cfk"mn] lnFb} cfˆgf
unt xs{ t x¿sf ajh; ;d] t
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ af]sfpg e/k'/ k|oTg/t
5g\ . ca dfcf]jfbLn] logLx¿sf]
klxrfg ug' { k 5{ . nrstf tyf
;xdltsf] gfddf cfTdxTofsf] af6f] /f]Hg'
a'l4dfgL sfd xf]Og . Tof] uNtL
dfcf]afnLn] gu/f]; . b]z / hgtfsf]
/Iff, d'QmL / ljsfzsf] nflu n8]sf]
hgd'QmL;]gf s'g} ;d:of xf]Og, of] zlQm
t ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] cr's c:q xf] .
hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg tyf
k'g:{ yfkgf jf Joj:yfkg eg]/ clxn]
hlt x8a8fpg] sfdx¿ eO/x]sf 5g\,
oL sfdx¿ ;/f;/ unt 5g\ . h'g
nIo, Wo]o tyf p2]Zon] hgd'QmL ;]gfn]
n8]sf lyP, hg' zf;g Joj:yf tyf
k2ltsf] nflu ltgLx¿n] Hofgsf] afhL
nufPsf lyP, Tof] kl/l:yltsf] >[hgf
ug{ ;lsof] eg] hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] sf/0f
s;}n] 6fpsf] b'vfpg} kb}{g . Tof]
Joj:yfsf] >[hgf ug{ tkm{ nfluof] eg]
hgd'QmL ;]gf ;dfof]hg ug]{ sL,
k'g:{ yfkgf ug]{ sL, slt ;+Vof ug],{
sxfF ug]{ tyf s] ug]{ eGg] s'/f s;}n]
;f]Rg kb}g{ , hgd'QmL ;]gf cfkm}n] ;f]Rg
;S5 . k|ltufdLx¿ ;t{ /flv/xg],
dfcf]jfbL v'?–v'? dfGb} uO/xg] u/]sf
sf/0f clxn] k|ltufdLx¿ hgd'QmL ;]gf
dfly hfOnfu]sf 5g\ . logLx¿sf]
clGtd 8/, qf; tyf logLx¿sf
s'sd{x¿sf] tuf/f] dfq hgd'QmL ;]gf
xf], To;}n] logLx¿ h'g;'s} xfntdf,
h' g ;' s } d' N o r' s fP/ eP klg
hgd'QmL;]gfnfO{ l5GgleGg kf/]/
l;Wofpg] of]hgfdf nfu]sf 5g\ . To;}
sf/0f dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/sf] n8\8'
b]vfP/ hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] ;f}bfafhL ug]{
sf]l;; s7k'tnLsf gfOs] dfwj g]kfnn]
ub}{ 5g\ . kl/jt{g ;+:yfut ug{ Tof]
kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs tyf hgtfsf] zlQm
ghd'QmL ;]gfsf] zfg, dfg, OHht,
k|lti7f tyf pgLx¿sf] nufgL tyf
s'jf{gLsf] pRr d'Nof+sg ub}{ /fi6«
;'/Iffsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L lbg'kg]d { f
lautsf zfxL kl/jf/sf gf]s/ tyf
hgbdgsf] g]tT[ j u/]sf] ;fe|fGt ju{sf]
a'O r9]/ hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ sd cf+sng
ug]{ ulNt dfwj g]tT[ jsf] afO;]x¿n]
ub}5 { g\, Tof] ulNt dfcf]jfbLn] gu/f]; .
hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] g]tT[ jdf 5'66\ } ;'/Iffan
v8f ug]{ jf cw{;l} gs an v8f ug]{ jf
;Ldf;'/Iff an v8f ug]{ afx]ssf s'g}
klg ;t{ tyf ;Demf}tf dfcf]jfbLn]
gu/f];, cGoyf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g} cK7\of/f]
l:ylt cfOkg]{ 5 . k|ltufdL tyf
lj:tf/jfbsf bnfnx¿n] eg] cg';f/
z/L/sf] nDafO tyf 5ftLsf] rf}8fO
gfk]/ lautsf] zfxL kl/jf/sf] gf]s/sf]
¿kdf /x]sf ;]gfdf k'ge{ tL{ x'g hfg]
ulNt hgd'QmL ;]gfn] ub}g{ g\ eGg] s'/fdf
slDtdf dfcf]jfbL k|:6 agf]; . of]eGbf
cufl8sf] zfxL;]gfsf] ;+Vof s6f}tL u/]/
hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] a/fa/ agfP/ Tof]
b'an} fO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ /fli6«o ;]gf
agfpg] tyf To;sf] g]tT[ j hgd'QmL
;]gfn] ug'{k5{ eg]/ c8fg lng
dfcf]jfbLn] ;s]g, of] Pp6f ulNt ;'?d}
eof] . ca hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ cfTd;d{k0f
u/fP/ Tof] hgla/f]wL zlQmdf b'O–rf/
;o hgfnfO{ k'ge{ tL{ u/fpg] ;t{df
;xdlt u/]/ lgs} 7'nf] k'?:jfy{ u¥of}
eg]/ dfcf]jfbL g]tT[ jn] eg]sf] ;'Gg
gk/f]; . lsgsL Tof] wf]vf g]kfnL
hgtfn] krfpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . sy+
sbflrt Tof] cj:yf cfof] eg]
dfcf]jfbLsf] cGTosf] ;'?jft ToxL laGb'
x'g] 5 . sfdgf u/f} Tof] cj:yf
gcfcf]; . lsgsL hgtf clwsf/
;lxtsf] zflGt rfxFG5g\, Tof] clwsf/
;lxtsf] zflGtsf] cfwf/ dfq hgd'QmL
;]gf xf] . hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] k|lti7f tyf
ltgn] kfpg] ;Ddfg cyjf lhDd]jf/Ln]
ef]lnsf] g]kfnsf] ;+s]t lbg] 5 .
hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg]
tyf l;Wofpg] s'/f xf]Og, luHofpg] tyf
lr9\ofpg] s'r:] 6f ;d]t s;}n] gu?g .
olb Tof] zlQmn] cfk"m ckdflgt ePsf]
dx;'; u¥of] eg], cfk"m blaosf] tyf
r]kLPsf] dx;'; u¥of] eg] Tof] la:kmf]6
x'G5 . h'g la:kmf]6 zf]ifs, ;fdGt,
bnfn, kF'hLktL tyf k|ltufdLsf]
;j{gf;sf] sf/0f aGg ;S5 . cfk"mnfO{
nf]stGqsf] cfj/0fdf a]//] a|Dxn'6
ug]x{ ¿n], hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ ckdfg ub}{
lautsf] hgxTof tyf bdgsf/Lx¿nfO{
;Ddfg tyf k| d f] ; gsf k' m ln
nufOlbg]x¿n], cem} klg ;f]rg' \ .
lautdf logLx¿ ;8sdf /Gylgbf,
clxn] logLx¿n] sfFwdf af]s/] lxF8s ] f]
lxhf]sf] bdgsf/L tyf cTofrf/L
zlQmn] logLx¿ dfyL a'6 ahfbf{,
ToxfFaf6 p7fP/ of] :yfgdf k'¥ofOlbPsf]
ToxL hgd'QmL ;]gfn] xf] . cem} klg
logLx¿sf] r]t v'ng] eg], xf]; cfPg
eg], ef]ln logLx¿sf] p4f/ ul/lbg]
sf]xL x'g5] g} . lsgsL ;do / kl/l:ylt
oL ;}tfgx¿sf] rfxfgf emF} ;wF} Ps}
gf;sf] /xFbg} . cem Ps kfOnf cufl8
a9]/ ;f]rg' ,\ cfh SofG6f]gd]G6df s}bL
a/fa/sf] hLjg latfO/x]sf] hgd'QmL
;]gf logLx¿sf] cTofrf/sf] sf/0f,
logLx¿sf] :jfyL{ ;f]rsf sf/0f,
logLx¿sf] k'jf{ux| L dfgl;stfsf sf/0f
aflx/ lg:sg afWo eof] eg], oL
b'i6x¿nfO{ arfpg logLx¿sf] dflnsn]
klg ;Sb}g eg] lt ef8fsf v]tfnfn]
arfpg] cf; gu?g . olb hgd'QmL
;]gfsf] efjgf tyf dd{ a'‰g dfcf]jfbL
;d]t c;kmn eof] eg], dfcf]jfbL ;d]t
Tof] pn{bf] e]naf6 c5'tf] g/xg ;S5 .
lsgsL hgd'QmL ;]gf larf/sf] hudf
ag]sf] laj]sL zlQm xf], olb kf6L{n] ;d]t
unt sfd u¥of] eg] ltgLx¿sf]
lab|fx] sf] clwsf/nfO{ vf]:g s;}n] klg
;Sb}g . To;sf/0f clejfjssf]
x}l;Ptdf dfcf]jfbLn] kl/l:yltsf]
ufDeLo{tfnfO{ cfTd;fy u/f]; .
hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ afu]l{ g+usf] ljifo
gagfcf];, lsgsL hgd'QmL ;]gf ;fWo
xf] ;fwg xf]Og . ;/sf/ agfpg] gfddf
xf]; jf ;+ljwfg, /fHok'g; { /+ rgfsf]
gfddf xf]; jf ;fy{s zflGtk|so[ fsf]
gfddf xf]; hgd'QmL ;]gf lj?4 ul/Psf
;GwL, ;Demf}tf jf ;xdlt h] gfd
lbOPsf] xf];, Tof] wf]vf lj?4 ljb|fx]
ug{ hgd'QmL ;]gf :jtGq 5g\ . /fHosf]
cu|ufdL k'g; { /+ rgf, hgtf clwsf/
;DdkGg x'g] gofF ;+ljwfg, qmflGtsf/L
e"ld;'wf/ jf hdLgsf] k'gl{ jt/0f,
sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsf, Joj:yflksf
tyf sd{rf/L tGqdf cfd'n kl/jt{g
cyjf Jofks k'g{;+/rgf, ;]gfdf
nf]stflGqs/0f nufPtsf ;d:of
;Daf]wg gx'bF f;Dd, ;a} hfthftL,
efiffefifL, wd{;:+ s[lt, lk58f ju{ tyf
;d'bfox¿sf xs, clwsf/ :yflkt
gxFb' f;Dd hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] ljifodf ul/g]
h'g;'s} lg0f{o g]kfn tyf g]kfnL
hgtfk|ltsf] wf]vf xf], Tof] u2f/L xf] . rfx]
hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ ;n{Ss ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg
ul/of]; jf hgd'QmL ;]gfsf] 5'66\ } cw{;l} gs
an v8f ul/of]; . d'Vo cfjZostf
cu|udgsf] xf], d'Vo cfjZostf kl/jt{g
;+:yfutsf] xf], d'Vo cfjZostf
hgclwsf/sf] xf], d'Vo cfjZostf
/fli6«o :jflwgtf tyf :jtGqtfsf] xf] .
of] ;TonfO{ ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n]
OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy cfTd;fy ug'{ eg]sf]
b]zn] pGgltsf] af6f] ;dfpg' xf], /fi6«sf]
eljZon] sfr'nL k]mg'{ xf] .
kafle_netra@yahoo.com
ˆ5
o'jf x's
“ f/ ;fu/ kGt
if8\oGqlj?4 jfd u7aGwg
ck|Toflzt ¿kn] emngfy vgfn k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 d'ns ' sf] /fhgLltn]
gofF uf]/6] f] kqm]sf] 5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{gdf emngfy
vgfn k|wfgdGqL eP;Fu} ;ft dlxgf nfdf] ;/sf/ljxLgtfsf] nHhf:kb cj:yfsf]
;d]t cGTo ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] P]ltxfl;s Tofusf] sf/0f d'ns ' n] gofF
k|wfgdGqL kfpg ;Dej ePsf] xf] . ;+;b\af6 km]l/ klg k|wfgdGqL rog x'g
glbg] slyt nf]stflGqs kf6L{x¿sf] if8\oGqnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] kl5Nnf] lg0f{on]
rsgfr'/ kfl/lbPsf] 5 . jfd u7aGwgsf] ;/sf/ u7g;Fu} u}/jfdx¿sf]
lrTsf/ qmdzM aflx/ cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ljb]zL zlQmsf] Ozf/fdf ;w}F gfRg
vf]Hg] zlQmx¿sf] nflu of] u7aGwg Ps emf8k;d]t xf] . ef/tLo ;+:yfkg
kIfsf] l;w} lgb]z { gdf ;/sf/ u7g / lj36gsf] kl/kf6L rNb} cfPsf] ;Gbe{df
of] u7aGwg lg/Gt/tfdf qmdeË ePsf] 5 . gofF ;/sf/ u7g;Fu} zflGt /
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofk|lt hgtfdf b]lvPsf] lg/fzfdf cfzf k}bf u/fPsf] 5 .
o:tf] ;+jb] gzLn cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL ePsf vgfnsf] cufl8 w]/} r'gf}tLx¿
5g\ . pgn] cfˆg} kf6L{lqsf] u'6ut dfgl;stf / Jojxf/sf] ;fdgf ub}{ d'ns ' sf]
nflu ;kmn g]tT[ j lbg] clUg k/LIffdf kf; x'gk' g]{ 5 . gjlgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL
vgfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg dfcf]jfbLsf] dtn] hlt ;xhtf k|bfg u¥of] Tof]eGbf
a9L pNemgx¿ pgn] k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{df a;]kl5 ef]Ug'kg]5 { . To;sf] dtna
pgL cToGt} sl7g df]8df k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . d'ns ' df a9\b}
uPsf] c;'/Iff, a]/f]huf/, c/fhstf, b08xLgtfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'k{ g]{ 5Fb5 } ,
To;;Fu;Fu} clxn]sf] d'Vo sfd zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg} k5{ . hgtfsf] nfdf] Tofu / alnbfgLaf6 k|fKt cfˆgf]
;+ljwfg cfkm}n F ] n]Vg] cj;/nfO{ k"/f u/fpg] d'Vo sfd jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] xf] .
p;n] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .
pxL k'/fg} dfwj z}nLdf ;/sf/ rnfpg] w[i6tf vgfnn] klg u/] eg] Tof] pgL
:jod\sf] nflu 3ft x'g5 ] . ;a} zlQmnfO{ ldnfP/ d'ns ' sf] tTsfnLg ;d:of
;dfwfgtkm{ cu|;/ x'g' g} jt{dfg u7aGwgsf] d'Vo of]hgf x'gk' 5{ . s;}n] jfd
u7aGwg eg] klg geg] klg jt{dfg u7aGwgnfO{ jfd u7aGwg eGg' gkg]{ s'g}
sf/0f 5}g . jfd u7aGwgsf] ;/sf/ u7g;Fu} g]kfnL sfFu; ]| nufot cGo
u}/jfd zlQmx¿ s;/L x'G5, of] u7aGwgnfO{ c;kmnl;4 kfg{ nfUg] g} 5g\ .
pgLx¿n] aflx/ h] s'/f u/] klg zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf pgLx¿sf]
;sf/fTdseGbf gsf/fTds e"ldsf d} Hofbf x'G5 . of] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{
s;/L x'G5, g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfufdL h]7 !$ cufl8 g} gofF ;+ljwfg lbg]
jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ of] u7aGwgn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ .
clxn] sf], s'g dGqL x'ge] Gbf klg hgtfsf] sfd ug{ ;Ifd JolQmnfO{ dGqL
agfpg'k5{ . lxhf]s} lg/Gt/tfdf dGqL efujG8fdf clNemg] xf] eg] Tolta]nfb]lv
g} o; u7aGwgsf] lj?4 cf}n F f 7l8g] lglZrt 5 . dGqL kbsf] nflu tF5f8d5f8
gu/L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df cfk"mn] cfˆgf] x}l;ot d'tfljs cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ .
hgtf sfd;]sd b'Mv u/]/ eP klg vfg] jftfj/0f rflx/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{
sfd u/]/ vfg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/lbg ;Sg'k5{ . hgtfn] d'ns ' df ;/sf/ 5
ls 5}g, ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] cg'el" t ug{ kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . hgtfnfO{ ;'/Iffsf]
lrGtf 5 . pgLx¿ ;'/lIft x'g rfxG5g\ . To;eGbf a9L hgtfdf ;+ljwfg
gn]lvg] xf] ls eGg] z+sf klg a9]s} 5 . oL ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf rfxgfnfO{ k"/f
u/fpg jt{dfg u7aGwg bQlrQ eP/ nfUg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
panta-sagar@yahoo.com
?s'ddf klxnf] ;fOa/ Sofkm]
?s'd . las6 ¿kdf lrlgg] 6]ln;]G6/ eP klg k|efjsf/L x'g eg]
?s'ddf ut ;ftf P8LP;Pn OG6/g]6 ;s]sf] lyPg . g]kfn 6]lnsd ?s'dsf
;]jf lj:tf/ ePkl5 klxnf] ;fOj/ k|dv ' s[i0fk|;fb zdf{n] xfn of] ;]jf
Sofkm] ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . ;b/d'sfddf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] /
lhNnfdf o;cl3 s'g} ;fOa/ Sofkm] lj:tf/} ufpF :t/df 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf
gePsf] / ?s'ddf P8LP;Pn ;]jf k'uk] l5 OG6/g]6 ;]jf klg lj:tf/
lj:tf/ ePnut} OG6/g] 6 x'g] atfP . ?s'd ;b/d'sfddf
k|of]ustf{sf] dfusf] cfwf/df ;]jf o;cl3 leEof6 k|ljlwsf] OG6/g]6
;'rf? ul/Psf] xf] . /f]hg ;]jf / ;~rfngdf cfPsf] lyof] . OG6/g]6
;Gtf]ifs'df/ yfkfsf] @ nfv %) l9nf] rNg] / Joj;flos ;fOa/
xhf/sf] ;+o'St nufgLdf ?s'dsf] gePsfn] ljleGg ;~rf/sdL{ /
;b/d'sfd d'l;sf]6 vn+uf ahf/df sfof{nox¿nfO{{ sfd ug{sf ;d:of
;fOa/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] . ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] k6s P8LP;Pn
P8efG; ;fOa/ Sofkm] PG8 OG6/g]6 OG6/g]6 ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 vnËf
l8li6«Ao'6 ;]G6/ gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] ahf/df P8LP;Pn cGo OG6/g]6
;fOa/n] Ps};fy !) hgf u|fxsnfO{{ ;fOa/ klg v'Ng] tof/Ldf 5g\ . o:t}
;]jf lbg ;S5 . lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
;fOa/ ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 :yfgLo sfof{ n ox¿n] klg P8LP;Pn
;~rf/sdL{ tyf OG6/g] 6 OG6/g]6 ;]jf h8fg u/]sf 5g\ .
k|of]ustf{x¿nfO{{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . ;f] r ] h lts} l56f] rNg] ePkl5
o;cl3 lhNnfdf x'nfssf] ;L8LPdP pkef]Stfx¿ v';L ePsf 5g\ .
ˆ6
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xf] . s;}nfO{ nfUg klg ;S5, of]
kf]zfs x'g] vfg] / To;df klg
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lhnf] ug{sf] t ef]6f] / s5f8 xf] .
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cf]u6\g] dlxnfsf] klg t /fli6«o
kf]zfssf] rrf{ ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ of]
;Gbe{ k'?if kf]zfssf] g} xf] . ;Eotf
/ ;+:s[ltsf] s'/f ug{] xf] eg] cem}
k5fl8 / w]/} k5fl8 kms{g' k5{ . d
clxn] Tolt w]/} k5fl8 kms{g . d]/f]
/x/ cufl8 a9\g] / cufl8 g} kms{g]
xf] . d]/f] k':tfn] hfg]sf] / dfg]sf]
g]kfnL hfltsf] / efifLsf] /fli6««o jf
hflto kf]zfs ToxL bf}/f–;'?jfn g}
xf] . hf] clxn] ;6{–k}06 / sf]6–6fO{df
¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}5 . To;f] t ef]6f] /
s5f8, u'Go' / rf]nf] jf wf]tL s'tf{sf]
s'/f klg ug{ ;lsG5 . bf}/f–;'?jfn
g]kfndf g} /x]sf] x'Fbf] x'F t nufpg
kfpg] lyOg xf]nf . kfpg] lyOgeGbf
klg cfkm}Fn] nufOGg lyof] xf]nf .
o;sf] klg w]/} sf/0f 5g\ . cg]s
cy{ klg xf]nfg\ . klxnf] t bf}/f–
;'?jfn ;fdfGo k|of]udf geO{ clns
a9L cf}krfl/s kf]zfs x'Fb}5 . /,
To;sf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf jf
Go"gtd cfjZostf / cGo s'g}
afWofTds sf/0f klg 5}g. bf]>f],
cf}krfl/stfs} nflu klg aif{df !–
@ k6s klg gnfufOg] Tof] kf]zfs
lsg]/ nfpg / yGsfP/ /fVg ;Sg]
cfly{s x}l;ot jf cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t
geP/ klg xf] . cd]l/sf cfpg]
eg]kl5 C0f g} ;xL bf}/f–;'?jfn t
l;nfpg} k5{ / lnP/ hfg'k5{ eGg]
;f]r / 3f]r klg cfof] . bf}/f–;'?jfn
3/]n' tfgsf] sk8f vfF8L eG5g\
ufpF3/df x'Fbf c;n . efO z+s/
e08f/Lsf] ;;'/fnL emfkf u/fdgLlt/
agfPsf] x' g ' k 5{ . z+ s / efOs}
;;'/fnLdf kf] xf] ls < emG8} tLg
jif{ klxn] cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf] ToxL
bf}/f–;'?jfn d}n] klxnf] k6s nufPF .
bf}/f–;'?jfn sf]6–k}G6 / 6fO{–;'6 x'g
yfn]sf] cfhsf] hdfgfdf 6f]kL t
e';'Ss} lal;{Psf] Û 6f]kL eg] dfu]/}
sfd rnfOof] klxnf] k6ssf] bf}/f–
;'?jfnnfO{ . nIdL efO o;} ;fn
g]kfn k'u/] gcfpg' ePsf] eP 6f]kL
vf]Hg 3/ aflx/ g} bf}l8g' kYof]{ t/
k/]g . c?nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] s'lGg t/
xfjfaf6 u'8\g] sf/
;f]nf/af6 u'8g\ ] sf/ agfP/ b]zJofkL
rrf{ sdfPsf afun'ªsf o'jf j}1flgs
s'zn s];Ln] xfjfaf6 u'8g\ ] sf/ agfPsf
5g\ . hDdf gf} lbgdf xfjfaf6 u'8g\ ] sf/sf]
gd'gf agfO s];Ln] k/LIf0f u/]sf x'g\ .
…xfjf lbFbf u'8g\ ] sf/ ljZjs} klxnf] xf]Ú
afun'ª lagfdf/] & sf !& jif]{ s'znn]
eg]– …5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} d]xgt u/]/ k/LIf0f
;kmn u/fpg ;s]ÚF . sf/nfO{{ oxL df3
@$ ut] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf ;fj{hlgs
ul/g] 5 . To;}u/L kmfu'g ! / @ ut]
XjfO6xfp; sn]hdf cfof]hgf x'g]
lxdfnog ;fOG; km]o/ @)!! Df k|bz{g
x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f] sf/sf] gfd …s'zn
Po/ sf/Ú /fv]sf s'znn] cl3Nnf] jif{
lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;f]nf/ sf/sf] gfd eg] s'zn
;f]nf/ sf/ /fv]sf 5g\ . OGwgaf6eGbf
jftfj/0fLonufotsf dxTjn] klg
xfjfaf6 rNg] sf/ eljiosf nflu
cfjZos x'g] pgn] atfP . sf7df8f}s F f]
gf;f OG6/g];gn sn]h sIff !! lj1fg
;+sfodf cWoog/t s'znn] hf8f] labfsf]
;donfO{ ;b'kof]u u/L sf/sf] gd'gf
agfP/ ;kmn k/LIf0f u/]sf] atfP . sf7,
aNa, a]l/ª, Knfli6s ldnfP/ xfjfsf]
6jf{Og lbPsf] ;'gfP . …sfa{8fOcS;fO8
ePsf] l;lnG8/ k|of]u u/]/ xfjf lbFbf
sf/ rNof] .Ú s'znn] kmf]g jftf{df eg]–
o;df 8fOgfdf], OlGhg / cGo Aof6«L s]xL
klg 5}g, xfjf lbFbf u'l8xfN5 .Ú rfx]sf]
ultdf rnfpg xfjf a9fP kUg] pgn]
n]vgfy e08f/L
cfk"mnfO{ eg] bf}/f–;'?jfn /fd|f] /
;lhnf] g} nfUof] . 6f]kLdf eg] clns
;do nfUg] /x]5 . cfhef]lnsf
kf]zfsdf /a/sf lkmtfn] s;] h:tf]
jf 6fFs–lvk, x'sn] cNemfPh:tf] t
sxfF x'g' / sGbgL, O{hf/ jf t'gfn] .
bf}/fsf t'gf / ;'?jfnsf] O{hf/sf]
cNemf] t emsf]{nfUbf] g} xf] . p a]nf
g]kfndf dGqL aGg' ePsf sfd|8] l;kL
d}gfnLsf] dGqL ag]s} lbg l;+xb/jf/
l5bf{l5b}{ ;'?jfnsf] O{hf/ v'l:sP/
cfOnfu]sf] cfktsf] ;8s rrf{ slt
;To xf] t/ cfk"mnfO{ Tof] ;Demgfn]
eg] cnL–cnL ;tfO g} /Xof] .
To;f] t 6f]kL eg] gnufPsf]
xf]Og . Pstfsf To:tf sltko
lhNnfx¿df sfd ljz]ifn] hfFbf–3'Dbf
d]/f] emf]nfdf cGo b}lgsL cfjZos
;fdfg hlQs} 6f]kL klg clgjfo{
x'GYof] . k+rfotsfnsf] pt/f4{df
;/sf/L sfof{nox¿ vf;u/L k|x/L–
k| z f;lgs / ;} l gsdf 6f] k L
clgjfo{h:t} g} x'GYof] . l;l8of]
sfof{no, k|x/L sfof{no / ;}lgs
Aof/] s df o:t} lyof] . kl5Nnf]
bzssf] cf;kf;df @)$*–@)%@
sf] aLrlt/ x'Fbf] xf] ls d tTsfnLg
zfxL ;]gfsf] d'Vofno eb|sfnLdf w]/}
k6s wfPsf] 5' . hlt k6s hfFbf
klg ToxfF d'Vo k|jz] åf/af6 leq k:g'
klxn] 6fpsfdf 6f]kL le/]s} x'g'kg]{ .
cfuGt'sn] 6f]kL gnfO{ jf glnO{
cfPsf] /x]5 eg] ToxfF 6f]kLsf] Joj:yf
ul/lbOg] /x] 5 . d} n ] To;a] n f
g]kfnsf] ljleGg cfGbf]ngx¿df tL
cfGtl/s jf afXo klg x'g ;S5g\
To:tf 36gfdf s]–slt g]kfnL ;]gfn]
Hofg u' d fPsf 5g\ / ;] g fsf]
sf/jfxLdf ;]gfleqsf / aflx/sf s]–
slt k/]sf 5g\ cyf{t\ dfl/Psf 5g\
eGg] hfgsf/L lng vf]h]sf] lyPF .
To:tf s]xL g]kfndf ;}lgs ;+nUgtf
/x]sf ljb|f]x cfGbf]ng jf ;+3if{x¿
lyP h:tf] ls @))& ;fneGbf klxn]
jf @)!& clg pQ/L l;dfgf dgfª–
d':tfªlt/sf] vDkf ljb|f]x cGo
;Ldfsf 36gf ;':tf dx]zk'/ x'g\ .
cf]vn9'Ëf l6Da'/] 36gf OToflb . t/
ToxfF ;]gf d'Vofnodf o;;DaGwL
hfgsf/L /fVg] / lbg] s'g} ;+oGq g}
kQf nfpg g;s]kl5 o;sf] k5fl8
nfUg' b':;fx; h:t} nfu]kl5 d}n]
atfP . …lbgdf sl/j !% 306feGbf a9L
;do nufP/ gf} lbgdf cfdfafafsf] cl3
sf/ k/LIf0f u/fPsf] x'F .Ú s'znn] eg]–
…xfjfn] u'8g\ ] sf/ x'G5 h:tf] nfu]sf] lyPg,
rf/ k6ssf] k|of;kl5 ;kmn ePF .Ú gd'gf
sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ sn]hn] ;xof]u u/]sf]
pgn] atfP . hDdf !* xhf/ vr{ nfu]sf]
pgn] ;'gfP . sn]hsf] ;xof]df sl/a
rf/ sf6'g{ sf7, Knfli6s / n'uf ;'sfpg]
tf/sf] rSsfaf6 agfOPsf] pgn] ;'gfP .
cWoog u/]sf] sn]hsf] ;xof]udf agfPsf]
;f] sf/sf] gd'gfnfO{ sf/sf] ¿k lbPdf
b'Oh
{ gfn] ;lhn} ofqf ug{ ;lsg] ;d]t
atfP . …s'zn Po/ sf/Ú gfd lbPsf]
sf/nfO{˜{ ;f]nf/ sf/eGbf cem ;'Gb/ /
Jojl:yt agfpg] atfPsf 5g\ . …ca
k/LIff lbPkl5 sf/nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg
nfUg] 5' .Ú pgn] eg]–sfa{8fOcS;fO8
ePsf] l;lnG8/ k|of]u u/]/ xfjf lbFbf
sf/ rNof] . …w]/} d]xgtsf afjh'b xfjfaf6
p7\g] sf/ afafcfdfsf] cl3 k/LIf0f
ubf{ cToGt} v';L nfu]sf] 5 Ú pgn]
eg] . u'?Tjfsif{0f ann] 6jf{Og 3'dfpg],
afn'jfaf6 6]:6 u/]/ 6jf{Og, u'rfaf6
6jf{Og 3'dfpg] k|of; ubf{ klg geP
kl5 aNn sfa{8fOcS;fO8 ePsf]
l;lnG8/ k|of]u u/]/ xfjf lbP/ k/LIf0f
ubf{ ;kmn ePsf] atfP . bz}F labfdf
cfPsf] a] n fdf ;d] t s' z nn]
xjfOhxfhsf] gd'gf tof/ kf/]sf] atfP .
ca To;nfO{ klg k/LIf0fsf] nflu tof/L
To;nfO{ lal;{lbPF . vDkf ljb|f]xdf
klg s]xL g]kfnL ;]gf dfl/Psf lyP .
d]/f] Go"gtd p2]Zo s] lyof] eg]
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf nfu]afkt
d[To'b08 lbOPsf eLdgf/fo0f >]i7
/ o1axfb'/ yfkf;Fu;Fu} cGo s]xL
To:tf{ ;]gfx¿sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L
lng] . oL / ;lxbsf cltl/St
tTsfnLg ;dodf cGo s]xL ;]gfdf
/x]sf dflg;x¿ dfl/Psf] tyf ltgsf]
klxrfg ;Ddfg / Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu
s'g} k|efjsf/L k|of; x'g g;s]sf]
s'/f dnfO{ emfkf sf]xef/flt/sf] s'g}
Pshgf ;fyLn] ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
To;;DaGwL s]xL n]v cf]vn9'Ëf
36gfsf] ;+sng klg lbg' ePsf]
lyof] . To;/L dfl/Psf jf
d/] s fx¿sf ;DaGwdf ltgsf
kl/jf/sf tkm{ a f6 p7fOPsf
cfjfhnfO{ d'vl/t ug{] p2]Zodf
dnfO{ cg'dfg 5 k'0o k|;fO{ jf cGo
sf]xL sfsL{ y/sf ;fyLx¿n] dnfO{
hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
cf]vn9'Ëfsf ;lxbx¿ 9uL bfxfn,
/fdnId0f b]jfgl;+x /fO{ jf cGo
s]xLsf af/]df vf]h cg';Gwfg ug{sf
nflu x/]{j/]{ l6da'/] cf]vn9'Ëfsf08
5fgljg ;ldltsf gfddf cu|h
kqsf/ k'?iff]Qd bfxfn;d]t /xg'
ePsf] s'g} ;ldltn] Pp6f l/kf]6{ klg
;/sf/nfO{ a' e mfPsf] 5 . o;
;DaGwdf d}n] s]xL hfgsf/L lng
bfxfn;Fu klg ;Dks{ u/]sf] lyPF .
d}n] log} ;Gbe{df ;]gfsf] k|wfg
sfof{nodf hfFbf 6f]kL clgjfo{ u/]sf]
kfPsf] 5' . o;}aLr s]xL jif{ klxn]
g]kfnL ;]gf;DaGwL Pp6f k':ts
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Oltxf; klg ;fj{hlgs
ePsf] 5 . t/ Tof] k':tsdf dfly
pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/sf ;"rgf 5}gg\ .
6f]kLsf] rrf{sf nflu TotL w]/} syf
gxfn] s f] /fd| f ] xf] . g] k fnL
gful/stfsf] nflu k'?ifn] 6f]kL nfPsf]
x'g' clgjfo{g} 5 clxn];Dd klg .
t/ dlxnfsf nflu To:tf] clgjfo{
kf];fs s]xL 5}g . g]kfnL k'?if–
dlxnfaLrsf c;dfgtf jf e]befjdf
oxfFg/] dlxnfeGbf k'?ifnfO{ kIfkft
ePg < bf}/f–;'?jfnsf] /x/ d]/f] k'/fg}
xf] . @)$& $* ;fntl/ klg d
cfˆgf] hGd:yn ef]hk'/ uPsf] lyPF .
To;a]nf klg ufpF3/df a'lgg] vfF8L
ug]{ xf] t/ ;do gkfPsf] u'g;f] u/] .
a9L nufgL / ;do cfjZos x'g] ePsfn]
;f]rc] g'¿k ug{ gkfPsf] pgn] ;'gfP .
5f]/fsf] sfd b]v/] cfdfafa' w]/} v';L
5g\ . t/, ;f]xLcg'¿k jftfj/0f k'¥ofpg
g;s]sf]df b'MvL ePsf] cfdf ?b|sd' f/L
s];Ln] atfOg\ . ;/sf/n] klg cfjZos
;xof] / ;Nnfx lbPsf] 5}g pgn] elgg–
u5{ eg]/ t eg]sf] 5 ;/sf/n] t/
;f]xLcg';f/ ePsf] 5}g .Ú 3/kl/jf/ /
sn]haf6 /fd|f] ;xof]u kfPsf] 5', ca
;/sf/L kIfn] ;xof]u / jftfa/0f
agfOlbP rfF8} ;kmn x'g] lyP .Ú cl3Nnf]
jif{ cd[t cfbz{ pRr dflj sIff !) d}
cWoog ubf{ ;f]nf/ h8fgaf6 sf/
u'8fPsf s'znn] ;/sf/L kIfaf6 jf:tf
gu/]sf]df u'gf;f] u/] . ;/sf/L kIfaf6
s]–s:tf] ;Nnfx tyf ;xof]u kfpg' ePsf]
5 eGg] k|Zgdf pgn] eg]– …x] eujfg\
p;n] t s]xL jf:t} u/]sf] 5}g\ .Ú k|wfgdGqL
dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnufot pRr ;/sf/L
kb:tnfO{ ;d]t ;f]nf/ sf/ b]vfpFbf
;xof]usf] cfZjf;g kfPsf lyP . ;f]nf/
sf/ agfPkl5 sl/a tLg bh{geGbf
a9L ;+:yfaf6 s'zn ;Ddflgt ePsf
lyP . ;Ddfgafkt kfPsf] /sd ;f]nf/
sf/ lgdf{0fdf vr{ ePsf] cfdf
?b|sd' f/Ln] atfOg\ . ;fgf] pd]/b]lv
lj1fgdf ?lr ePsf s'znn] sIff (
df cWoog/t 5Fbf x]lnsK6/sf] gd'gf
agfO k/LIf0f u/]sf lyP .
sk8fsf] vf]hL gu/]sf] xf]Og . t/
ufpF3/df eg] To;sf] k|rng g}
x/fO;s]sf] /x]5 . To;kl5 @)%@
;fndf d}n] ef]hk'/, wgs'6f, ;+vj' f;ef
oL tLg lhNnfdf em08} tLg dlxgf
hlt 3'dlkm/ u/]F . g]kfnL ;fdflhs
hfu/0fsL cu'jf dlxnf of]udfofsf]
;DaGwdf s]xL vf]h cg';Gwfgsf
clt/St kfl/jfl/s e]63f6 klg To;
cj;/df eof] . To; qmddf d}n] k'gM
bf}/f–;'?jfnsf] /x/ u/]F . ;+vj' f;ef
lhNnfsf] vfFbaf/Ldf To:tf] ;Defjgf
b]vF] t/ d]/f] ;do sd lyof] . To;f]
t d ToxfF klg clxn]sf rlr{t ufos
v]d u'?ªsf] 3/df %–^ lbg g} a;]sf]
5' . ToxfF d}n] cNnf]af6 ag]sf] Pp6f
emf]nf / cNnfsf] sf]6 x'g] sk8f lnP/
kms]s { f] lyPF . Tof] emf]nf cd]l/sf klg
cfOk'us ] f] 5, NofPsf] 5' . Tof] cNnf]sf]
sf] 6 clns nfdf] 5 eg] d} n ]
sf7df8f}Fsf] eb|aGbL u[xsf aGbL
Pshgf g]kfnL gfdn] lrlgg'xG' Yof]
pxfF;uF l;nfPsf] xf] . @)%$ %% lt/
Tof] l;nfP afkt !@ ;o g]kfnL ¿k}ofF
a'emfPsf] lyPF . Tof] sf]6 g]kfndf st}
s'g} lsnfdf em'l08Psf] xf]nf ls . em§
x] b f{ g] k fnsf] t/fO{ l t/ :yfgLo
cflbjf;Ln] ;gkf6af6 agfpg] e'OF df
cf]5o\ fpg] emNnfh:tf] nfUg] Tof] sk8f
w]/n} fO{ b]Vg dfq /fd|f] t/ nufpg
eg] dg gnfUg] vfns} 5 . d}n] eg]
k|z:t g} nufPF Tof] sf]6 . bf}/f–
;'?jfns} rrf{ u/f}F . cd]l/sfdf 9fO
jif{ klxn] g]kfndf l;nfPsf] ;f] kf];fs
nfpg] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . cd]l/sf
g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3sf] klxnf] clwj]zg
@@ clk|n @))& df . nfpg] ;f]r
klg lyPg t/ ;Demgfdf klg lyPg .
obfsbf sk8fsf] cGt/s'Gt/df b]Vbf
klg nfUYof] ls cd]l/sf cfpg] eg]
kl5 Joy{sf] /x/df k};f kmfn]5' . of]
gnufpFb} kmf6\g] eof] . t/ ;+3sf
cWoIf lul/z kf]vn ]| n] bf}/f–;'?jfndf
cfk"m dfq PSnf] x'g] lrGtf u/]kl5
d]/L >LdtL ;'wfn] ;DemfOg\, tkfO{
klg bf}/f–;'?jfn nufP/ uP t
lul/zhLnfO{ ;fyL klg x'g] clg
s:tf] x'g] /x]5 yfxf klg kfOg] . dg
gnfUbf–gnfUb} o;/L klxnf] k6s of]
kf];fs nufOof] / ca eg] o;f]
nufO/fVg' knf{ ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .
/fd|f] nfUof] . ;lhnf] nfUof] . g]kfnL
kg g]kfnL dg / g]kfnL pBdk|lt
v'zL klg nfUof] .
Rofpv]tL u/]/} ufp“ lemlnldnL
g]kfnuGh . afFss ] f] gf}a:tf uflj;sf]
afh'/6] f]nsf dlxnfn] Rofpv]tL u/]/ hDdf
u/]sf] k};faf6 cfˆgf] ufpFdf lah'nL aQL
afNg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ufpFdf ljB't
k'¥ofpgsf nflu w]/} k|of; ubf{;d]t s;}n]
;'gj' fO gu/]kl5 pgLx¿n] sl:;P/
Rofpv]tL u/L To;af6 ePsf] cfDbfgLaf6
ufpFdf cfˆg} nufgLdf aQL k'¥ofPsf x'g\ .
sl/a b'O{ jif{cl3 n3'pBd ;+:yfåf/f
;~rflnt kz'klt n3'pBd dlxnf
;d"xdfkm{t\ hDdf u/]sf] / Rofpv]tL u/L
cfDbfgL ePsf] /sdn] pgLx¿n] ufpF;Dd
lah'nLaQL k'¥ofPsf] tL dlxnfn] atfPsf
5g\ . gf}a:tf afh'/6] f]nsL gGbsnf /f]sfn]
ufpFdf aQ˜L afNg ;f] 6f]nsf dlxnfx¿n]
cfˆgf] ufpFdf aQL k'¥ofpg lbg/ft s8f
kl/>d u/]/ Rofpv]tL u/]sf] hgfOg\ . pgn]
gf}a:tfsf dlxnfn] k|:t't u/]sf] pbfx/0fnfO{{
lhNnfsf ;a} dlxnfn] cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]
;a} :yfgdf lah'nL / ;8s k'¥ofpg ;lsg]
atfOg\ . @) hgfsf] ;d"x /x]sf] n3'pBd
;d"xdf hDdf ul/Psf] dfl;s art ?= %
/ 3'dL d~rdfkm{t\ hDdf ePsf] dfl;s
art ?= !) u/L hDdf !! xhf/ / ;d"xdf
Rofpv]tLaf6 cfDbfgL ePsf] ?= @% xhf/
u/L sl/a #^ xhf/sf] nfutdf ufpFdf
ljB't\ lj:tf/ ePsf] kz'klt n3'pBd
;d"xsL cWoIf ladf /f]sfn] hfgsf/L lbOg\ .
pgn] ;'?df dlxnfx¿n] ufpFdf ljB't\k'¥ofpg]
s'/f ubf{ lvNnL p8fpg] k'?ifx¿ clxn]
ufpFdf lah'nL k'uk] l5 6fpsf] lgx'¥ofP/
lxFl8/x]sf] hgfOg\ . ufpFdf lah'nL k'lu;s]kl5
ca tL dlxnfn] ufpFdf vfg]kfgL / ;8snfO{{
Jojl:yt ug{] of]hgf agfPsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
l;h{gfsf y'·f
b]p8f uLtx¿
dgf]x/ nfld5fg]
xftel/ kmf]x/f p7]m bfp/L lrbf{ lrbf{ .
3/af/L ;vfk} eof], C0f ltbf{ ltbf{ ..
cf]8g\ nfO{ Ro9\b/} 5}g, cf]5ofpgnfO{ b/L .
Gofo vf]hg ufpFd} cfp5', s/gfnL t/L ..
afhsf ;'lsnf bft, bflx|dsf ldNnf .
zf]ifssf] hu huL p:t}, b]zsf ;a} lhNnf ..
d]3 cfof] ;xNofaf6L, s'O/f] kmfF6L kmfF6L .
zf]ifssf] ;fªnf] 6'6fp, ;a} lhNnf jf6L ..
d+un;}g b/af/, cf]nu Nofof] s]nf .
8fF8fd'lg 3/ nfof, e/fOgLsf 3/ .
d lhNnf km/sg} cfF6of, ufpm g} ;DemL 3/ ..
s}n] jf/L s}n] kf/L, l5Kof vf]nf t/L .
;fdGtLsf] p:t} ;f]v5, xfd|f b]ze } l/ ..
/¥ofO{ /¥ofO{ vf]nf 5¥ofO{ 5¥ofO{ kfgL, sf] afOuf] l;sf/L .
;fdGtL km7fxfwgL, hGtf 5g\ lesf/L ..
aDa}sf ;]6n] lnof], cld|sfgsf] uf]/L .
;fdGtLsf] gfdnf] r'8f}, bf] af6¥of 8f]/L ..
lxdfn lxp k8L uof], sfF uO{ 8fFˆof r8L .
hgtfnfO{ ;w}F b'Vv, hfnLsL dgk8L ..
d ;Tbf], d}nfO{ 5 b'Mv, ;+;f/ b'MvL, ;f/f .
hfnL km6f 7ls ug{nfO{, p7 ;j{xf/f ..
/fdn] lr7¥ofsf d'uf| , kfgL vfOhfp ;Ltf .
hfnL km6f ;'Vv sf6\bf, hgtf b'Mv aLtf ..
lbg gnfuf} u|xb;f, a? nfu] l/g .
p7f} hfuf} bfh' efO xf], cfˆgf] ;Qf lng ..
b]ze} l/ c:t Jo:t, dfwj 5g\ d:tLdf .
ljb|fx] sf] /fFsf] afnf}, xfd|f ufpF a:tLdf ..
/6Ss s§Ss} eof], bft}df ;'kf/L .
d'lQm vflt/ k]ml/ p7, ;a} g/gf/L ..
dfdf dfOHo" el/uof, k"mksf] wg;f/L .
sf]O ;'sf/L sf]O b'vf/L, s;}nfO{ dgk/L ..
bfO efph' emu8f ubf{, e};L vs{ vs{ .
km6fxf ufpF 5f]8g\ nfUof, t]/f] afaf kv{ ..
h'DnL NofpFbf] lxª l;nflht, ef]6¥ofn] s:t'/L .
d]nf? ljwfos xfd|f, lgbfo ;':t/L ..
/fhf jfOUof g]kfnsf, sfF;lsf kl08t .
d'ns ' xfd|f] hfOsf] tfO5, g]tf 5g\ vl08t ..
ahf/ efp plSnbf] 5, k];f 5 dlGbdf .
g]kfn b]znfO{ 7uL vfof], ;'uf}nL ;GwLdf .
;a}sf] enf] g} xj;, s:s} gxf]; vtL .
k/fOsf bnfn aGof, kfhL g]tf hlt ..
cjt lxpbdf; nfUof], afnkfnL x]n hof .
/fd|f g]tf ;+ul7txf} . b]zsf] efof eof ..
/fjgsf ;'gf}nf d[u, /fd /fhf l;sf/L .
b]z s+ufn, clgsfn, g agfp lesf/L ..
n]sx} lxpjuL cfof], s'OGof k8¥of] 8Dd .
hgtf d'lQm x'Gof 5}gg\, g p7\bf;Dd ..
;dfj]bgf
d'6s ' f] /f]uaf6 kLl8t x'g' ePsL hutLk'/ uf=la=;=j8f
g+ ! hfh/sf]6 a:g] jif{ &! sL xfd|f] kf6L{sf ACM
sd/]8 eafgLz+s/ cfrfo{sL cfdf >LdtL sflnsf
cfrfo{sf] oxL @)^& df3 !# ut] lbpF;f] $ ah] c;fdlos
lgwg ePsf]df xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{{ lgs} Iflt x'g k'us ] f] 5 .
pxfFkl| t efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5' / pxfFsf zf]sfs'n
kl/jf/hgx¿df xflb{s ;dfj]bgf JoSt ub{5' .
dfofk| ; fb zdf{ -kf/zdl0f_
;ef;b\ tyf
es /fHo ;ldltsf ;xOGrfh{
tyf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o– P=g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_
@)^& ;fn df3 @# ut] cfOtaf/
ljefusf dxflgb]z
{ s;dIf k]; ug{k' g]{
o'lg6Lsf=== k|fjwfg 5 . ljefusf] tYof+scg';f/
/ kl;gfsf] sdfO{dfly n'6 dRrfO{ lgh
s[i0fk|;fb zdf{ ;'jb] L g]kfndf cf/fdsf]
lhGbuL latfO/x]sf] yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
lghnfO{ t'?Gt kqmfp u/L xfdLnfO{
Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fOlbg g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ o;} klqsfdfkm{t\ cg'/f]w ub}{
cfjZos k/] lghn] ;fobL c/adf
o'lg6Lsf] gfddf u/]sf] u}/sfg'gL
sfo{x¿sf k|df0f klg k]; ug]{ atfpFb}
pgnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] t'?Gt lx/f;tdf
lnO{ sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ atfP .
l;+un===
j[l4af6 d'ns ' ljsf;df 7"nf] ;xof]u
k'Ug;S5 .Ú ;fF3'l/Fbf] xjfO{ ahf/,
ljdfg:yndf ljdfgsf] rfk, 6«flkms
;d:ofnfO{ x]/L ;/sf/n] l;+un tyf 8an
OlGhg ljdfg ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
ljdfg:yn ;]jf–;'ljwf / ef}lts k"jf{wf/
lj:tf/df Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]
;'emfj 5 . l;+un tyf 8an OlGhg
ljdfg ;+Vofdf j[l4, v'lDrFbf] ahf/,
ljdfg:yndf kfls{ª cefj tyf 6«flkms
rfkaf/] jfo';j] f ;~rfns ;+3n] ;d]t
o;cl3 ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fO;s]sf]
5 . …l;+un OlGhg ljdfgnfO{ ;'/lIft
agfpg ljdfg:ynx¿sf] k"jf{wf/df Wofg
lbg'k5{ ljdfg rfknfO{ sd ug{
d'ns ' e/sf uGtJodf ;]8c' n -lgoldt_
p8fg eg{ lbg'k5{Ú dsfn' Po/sf
dxfk|aGws afns[i0f >]i7n] eg] . l;+un
OlGhgdfkm{ t \ p8fgeGbf 8an
OlGhgeGbf emG8} @% k|ltzt d"No ;:tf]
kg]{ pgn] atfP . k|fljlws ¿kdf l;+un
OlGhgaf6 hxfh ;~rfng eP klg
xfn;Ddsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ ;'/Iffdf vf;}
;d:of gb]lvPsf] p•oglj1 s'df/
pkfWofo rfln;]n] atfP . …hxfhsf]
OlGhgdf v/faL b]lvP UnfOl8ª
dfWodaf6 hxfh lj:tf/} ;'/lIft
cjt/0f ug{ ;lsG5,Ú pgn] eg], …xfn;Dd
l;+un OlGhg ljdfgdf OlGhg km]n eO{
b'36{ gf ePsf b[i6fGt ckjfb dfq} 5g\ .
xjfO{ ;'/Iff ljefun] cfufdL kfFr jif{;Dd
l;+un OlGhg ljdfg sDkgLnfO{ p8fg
Ohfht glbg k|:tfj u/] klg o;af/]
ko{6g tyf gful/s p•og dGqfno
;sf/fTds gePsf] ;|ft] n] atfPsf] 5 .
…l;+un OlGhg ljdfg sDkgLnfO{
Ohfhtkq glbg] eGg] 5}g, a? b'ud{
If]qdf ;]jf lj:tf/ tyf k|j4{gdf hf]8
lbg] xfd|f] tof/L 5,Ú dGqfno ;|ft] n]
eGof] . ;|ft] sf cg';f/ b'ud{ kxf8L If]qdf
xjfO{ ;]jfdfkm{t\ oftfoft ;]jfsf ¿kdf
l;+un OlGhgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sfn]
Ohfht /f]Sg] dGqfnosf] ;f]r 5}g .
/fli6«o Wjhfjfxs g]kfn jfo';]jf
lgudåf/f lknf6; kf]6{ -l;+un OlGhg_
ljdfgdfkm{t\ g]kfnL e"lddf ;j{ky| d l;+un
OlGhg ljdfgsf] ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] .
xfn Po/ sfi7df08k, dsfn' / tf/f
Po/n] l;+un OlGhg ljdfg ;~rfng
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
7uLsf===
;+:yfsf k|ltlglw ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf
5 . …j}bl] zs/f]huf/Ldf hfg] sfdbf/dfly
7uL x'g] qmd a9\gs ' f ;fy} ph'/Lsf] sfuhL
k|df0f gx'g] qmd klg a9]sf] 5,Æ pgn]
eg], æph'/Lsf] a[xt\ 5fglag ug'k{ g]{
x'G5 .Æ cg';GwfgnfO{{ ;xh / k|efjsf/L
agfpg ljefu, af]8{ Joj;foL /
sfdbf/sf] klg ;xeflutf /xg] u/L
5fglag ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] dGqfnon]
hgfPsf] 5 . æPh]G6 tyf Dofgkfj/
Joj;foLn] sfdbf/;Fu clws /sd
lnG5g\,Æ dGqfnosf pk;lrj cfrfo{n]
eg], æt/ sfdbf/n] lt/]sf] k};fsf] /l;b
lbFbg} g\ .Æ To;}n] ph'/L ug{;] uF sfuhL
k|df0f g} x'bF g} g\ . ;ldltn] Dofgkfj/
Joj;foLnfO{{ j}bl] zs /f]huf/ P]gcg';f/
sfd u/fpgsf nflu kxn ug{ pgn]
atfP . sfdbf/n] gub lt/]sf] /l;b
clgjfo{ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf P]gdf 5 .
;ldltn] ph'/Lsf] 5fglagkl5 ;TotYo
kQf nufO{ ljefudfkm{t\ j}bl] zs /f]huf/
GofofwLs/0fdf l;kmfl/; k7fpg'kg]{ 5 .
;ldltsf] sfd st{JonfO{{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg j}bl] zs /f]huf/L;Fu ;DalGwt
s;'/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg
lbUbz{g @)^& dlGqkl/ifb\af6 kfl/t
eO;s]sf] 5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/ ljefudf
k/]sf ph'/Lsf] cfwf/df ;ldltn] 5fglag
u/L !% lbgleq ljefu;dIf l;kmfl/;
ug{k' g]{ pk;lrj cfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbP .
;ldltsf] a}7s ;ftfdf Ps k6s
clgjfo{ a:g'kg]{ 5 . ;ldltn] dfl;s
sfdsf/afxL tyf k|ultsf] ljj/0f
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf 7uLsf] qmd a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k';;Dd
# ;o #( ph'/Ldf !( s/f]8 &@ nfv
^% xhf//sd 7uL ePsf] 5 . To;dWo]
@ ;o !# JolStut / ! ;o @^
;+:yfut 7uLsf ph'/L 5g\ .
ljB't=\ ==
kmfjfvf]nf, % d]ufjf6sf] bfKrf /f];L, !(
d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] dfbL, !! d]ufjf6sf]
gfdh'gfbL, !* d]ufjf6sf] tNnf] an]kmL,
( d]ufjf6sf] tNnf] ;'gsf];L t];f| ,] %
d]ufjf6sf] tfbLvf]nf, @% d]ufjf6sf]
vfgLvf]nf, @$ d]ufjf6sf] an]kmLvf]nf
/ ( d]ufjf6sf] dbSo'vf]nfnufotsf $!
j6f 5g\ . k|lto'lg6 $ ¿k}ofF $% k};f
kLkLP b/n] cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn C0ffTds
x'g] ePkl5 k|j4{s cfof]hgf gagfpg]
lg0f{ o df k' u ] s f] :jtGq pmhf{
pTkfbsx¿sf] ;+:yf -Okfg_ sf cWoIf
Pj+ ;flgdf xfO8«fk] fj/ k|flnsf dxfk|aGws
8f= ;'j0f{bfz >]i7n] atfP . pgn] tLg
jif{sf] cjlwdf l;d]G6sf] efp ! ;o
$) k|ltzt, kmnfd] 58sf] ! ;o &),
l8h]nsf] %^, dhb'/ Hofnf @ ;o %)
/ a}s + sf] Aofhb/ !) af6 a9]/ !%
k|ltzt k'us ] fn] clxn]sf] kLkLP b/n]
cfof]hgf aGg g;Sg] bfaL pgn] u/] .
…lgdf{0f ;fdu|L;Fu} a9\bf] a}s + Aofhb/n]
ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] nfut !^ k|ltzt t/
k|ltkmn !@ k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf x'g]
ePsfn] cfof]hgf cfly{s ¿kdf ;DefJo
x'bF g} ,Ú pgn] eg], …cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn g}
C0ffTds ePkl5 s;n] nufgL u5{ <Ú
k|j4{sx¿n] dfu ub}{ cfPsf] k|lto'lg6
% ¿k}ofF (( k};f kLkLP b/ k|ltd]ufjf6
!% s/f]8 ¿k}ofFsf] nfutsf cfwf/df
Ps jif{cl3 to ePsf] atfpFb} pgn]
eg], …clxn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L tyf a}s + sf]
Aofhb/ a9\bf nfut a9]/ k|ltd]ufjf6
!* s/f]8;Dd k'us ] f] 5 .Ú pgsf cg';f/
kLkLP eO;s]sf oL cfof]hgf cl3 a9]sf
eP xfn;Dd #) k|ltzt lgdf{0f sfd
;lsg] lyP . k|lto'lg6 % ¿k}ofF (( k};f
tyf jflif{s % k|ltztsf b/n] gf}
k6s;Dd j[l4 x'g] kLkLP b/ nfu" eP
/f]lsPsf ;a} cfof]hgf cl3 a9\g] pgsf]
egfO 5 .@% d]ufjf6eGbf 7"nf
cfof]hgfsf k|j4{s;Fu k|flws/0fn] cfk;L
;xdltdf kLkLP b/ lgwf{/0f ub}{ cfPsf]
5 eg] @% d]ufjf6;Ddsf cfof]hgfnfO{
Pp6} kLkLP b/ sfod u/]sf] 5 . …%)
d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] d:of{ªb\ LnfO{ k|lto'lg6
% ¿k}ofF $@ k};f / $@ d]ufjf6sf]
ld:qLvf]nf cfof]hgfnfO{ k|lto'lg6 %
¿k}ofF $) k};f tyf gf} jif{;Dd jflif{s
# k|ltztsf] j[l4 b/ lbg], xfdLnfO{ rflxF
lsg gx'g] <Ú >]i7n] eg] . lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
/ a}s + sf] a9\bf] Aofhn] lgdf{0ffwLg &)
d]ufjf6sf !! ljB't\ cfof]hgf klg
k|efljt ePsf] pgn] atfP . otf,
k|flws/0f Jofkf/ ljefusf lgb]z { s
z]/l;+x ef6n] ljB't\ dx;'n lgwf{/0f
cfof]un] dx;'n a9fP dfq lghL k|j4{snfO{
klg kLkLP b/ a9fpg ;lsg] atfP .
k|flws/0f clxn] k|lto'lg6 @ ¿k}ofF $)
k};f gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf kLkLP
b/ a9fpg g;Sg] pgsf] egfO 5 .
rdTsfl/s===
pDd]bjf/Lsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{e' Gbf kl5Nnf]
/fhgLlts ;dLs/0fk|lt /f]ifk"0f{ k|ltlqmof
lbgd} ;Lldt lyP . b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLn]
/fhLgfdf lbPsf] sl/a ;ft dlxgfkl5
lgjf{rgaf6 tLg ;o ^* dt kfP/ Pdfn]
cWoIf emngfy vgfn k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt
ePs 5g\ . vgfnn] nfdf] ;do;Dd
;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] ;Defjgf vf]Hg
k|wfgdGqLsf] r'gfjdf t6:ytfsf] gLlt
cFufln/x] . clGtd cj:yf;Dd klg
ax'dtLo k|0ffnLsf] lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf vgfn
klg cGttM ax'dtLo ;/sf/s} k|wfgdGqL
eP . ;+of]u of cfjZostf, kf6L{leq
dfcf]jfbL;Fu g/d /x]sf] eg]/ cfnf]rgf
v]Kb} cfPsf vgfn cGttM bf];f| ] r/0fsf]
ax'dtLo r'gfjaf6 Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy
vgfnn] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j lnP . ax'dtLo
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j u/]sf vgfnn] ca klg
/fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/lt/ hfg
sfdrflxF aGb ug{k' 5{ . /fhgLlts
bnx¿sf] tLa| åGån] ca /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ c;Dej eO;Sof] eg]/ ax'dtLo
cfwf/af6} elg;s]sf] lyof] . w/ftnLo
oyfy{n] elg;s]sf] /fi6« / hgtfsf] ;xL
k|ltlglwTj gug{] bnx¿af6 /fli6«o ;xdlt
/ To;sf] cfwf/df ;xdtLo ;/sf/ /
;xdtLo /fhgLlt ca c;Dej 5 .
lsgeg] nf]stflGqs 9Ën] lgjf{lrt
;/sf/nfO{ 9fNg] / 7"nf] bnnfO{ s'g} klg
xfntdf ;/sf/sf] ;frf] ;'DkGg glbg]
/0fgLlt alnof] eO;s]kl5 ;xdtLo /fli6«o
;/sf/sf] cfzf t'lxPsf] 5 . ef/tb]lv
cd]l/sf;Dd, ;+;bLo bnx¿b]lv ;}lgs
g]tT[ j;Ddsf] o:tf] /0fgLltn] ubf{ ;xdtLo
;/sf/sf] ;kgf k"/f x'g g;s]sf] oyfy{
xf] . ca klg o:tf u'lnof gf/f nufpg] /
;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] ehg ufpg'sf] s'g}
cy{ ca klg eP Tof] vgfnsf] nflu dfq
x'g]5 . lsgeg] /fi6«leqsf ;a}
cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ 5f]k5fk ug{, ljleGg ju{
tx / tKsfsf dfu / ;+3if{nfO{ 9fs]/
:jKg b[Zo b]vfpb} /fli6«o ;xdlt
jf:tljstfeGbf km/s 5 . ;of}F jif{bl] v
vfOlkO cfPsf] ju{ / To;sf] /fhgLlts
g]tT[ jn] ;a} >L;DklQ 5f8]/ efUg'sf] ;§f
ldlnh'nL vfpF g eGg] efjgfn] ;xdlt
ug{ ;De|fGt ju{ / ul/vfg] ju{aLr
;xdlt b]lvPsf] ;kgfeGbf w]/} km/s
x'g;S5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf ;a}h;f]
cGt/lj/f]wsf] 5fglag ub}{ / tL ;a}
dfu / ;+3if{sf] ;Daf]wgnfO{ ug{ emngfy
vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf] clxn]sf] d"n
bfloTj x'gk' 5{ . ;xdtLo gf6s ub}{
ax'dtLo cfwf/df gofF ;/sf/sf]
k|wfgdGqL ag]sf vgfnn] af]ns ] f s'/fnfO{
Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ cfFl6nf] cu'jfO
dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] 5 t/ To;df vgfnsf]
v'§f sfDof] eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] nflu 3ft
klg x'g;S5 . cfˆgf pDd]bjf/ lkmtf{
lnP/ Pdfn]sf cWoIf tyf jfdkGyL g]tf
emngfy vgfnnfO{ ;dy{g u/]/ hgd'vL
¿kfGt/0fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] casf] d'Vo
Ph]08f agfpg vf]hs ] f] 5 . To;}n] ca
vgfnsf] ;fd' ljleGg ju{, tx / tKsfsf
dfu / ;+3if{nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ hgd'vL
¿kfGt/0fsf/L Ph]08fsf cfwf/ jfd
u7aGwg agfpg] / cfk"mnfO{ nf]stflGqs
bn 7fGg] bnx¿nfO{ klg cfˆgf] Ph]08f
nfu" ug]{ lbzflt/ tfGg] sfd ug{] g} r'gf}tL
b]lvPsf] 5 .
lj:tf/jfbL===
tyf bf}/f–;'?jfn nufP/ g]kfnL efiff
af]Nb} g]kfnsf] l;lSsdLs/0f ug{ pBtx¿
5g\ . /fli6«otfsf] ;Gbe{df ;w} cd's
alg/xg]x¿, lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/nfO{
lj/f]w tyf bx|f] emfk8sf] afbnf j}wflgstf
lbg]x¿, :jtGq tyf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg
g]kfnsf d'Vo b'Zdgx¿ x'g\ . log} sfo/
tyf u2f/x¿sf] sf/0f lj:tf/jfbn] gofF–
gofF ¿kdf, gofF–gofF If]qdf Jofks cfqmd0f
u/]sf] 5, cfˆgf] cltqmd0fnfO{ tLj|tf
lbO/x]sf] 5 .
Oltxf; ;fIfL 5, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb
g]kfn tyf g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf af]ns ] f]
tyf s]xL ;sf/fTds sfo{ u/]sf] s'g}
/]s8{ 5}g . g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxfgf tyf
sfdgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ eGg] ;fdfGo
r]tgf ;d]t lj:tf/jfbL g]tT[ jdf 5}g .
lj:tf/jfbsf] d'v tyf Jojxf/ ga'‰g]
g]kfnL ca ;fob g]kfnd} 5}gg\ . km/s
olt xf], sf]xLn] /fd|/L a'em]sf 5g\ eg]
s]xLn] a'em krfPsf 5g\ . ;To oxL xf]
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g]kfn tyf g]kfnL
hgtfsf] kIfdf 5}g . !(%) sf] c;dfg
;lGwlt/ ghfpF, bzuhf tyf ;Ldf If]qdf
afFw afFw/] xhf/f}F x]S6/ g]kfnL hldg
8'afgdf kfl//x]sf] ;Totflt/ klg ghfpF,
tTsfn s]xL jif{sf] lj:tf/jfbL ultljlwnfO{
dfq lgoflnof] eg] of] s'/f cfkm}F k|:6
x'G5 . lj:tf/jfbLn] g]kfndf rf}tkmL{ xdnf
ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] e"ld cltqmd0f t
ca ;fdfGo ljifo h:t} eO;Sof] . ;}Go
x:tIf]k klg sfod} 5 . g]kfnleq sfo{/t
lj:tf/jfbL ;+rf/ Ph]G;L …/cÚsf] ;+Vof
klg xhf/ gf3]sf] 5, ltgLx¿ ;dfhdf
st} lzIfs ag]/ a;]sf 5g\ t st} wd{
k|rf/s, st} Jofkf/L ag]/ a;]sf 5g\ t
st} ko{6s . g]kfndf x'g] ;–;fgf
ultljlw;d]t lbNnLdf If0fe/df k'Ug'sf]
klxnf] sf/0f oxL xf] . ef/taf6 k;]sf
…/cÚsf Ph]06 5'6o\ fpg t TotL ufx|f]
5}g t/ g]kfng} hGd tyf sd{ e"ld
ePsf bf}/f–;'?jfn tyf 9fsf6f]kL nufpg]
/ g]kfnLd} af]Ng] Ph]06x¿ 5'6o\ fg lgs}
d'l:sn 5 . lj:tf/jfbL gª\uf| ;dfhdf
o;/L u8]sf] 5 ls ;fgf]ltgf] k|of;n] tL
gª\uf| pKsfpg ;lsFbg} . /fhgLlts,
;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cfqmd0f tyf
cltqmd0f Tof]eGbf tLj| ¿kdf eO/x]sf]
5 . slxn] sfl:d/df t sxLn] d'Da}df
lbgbfxf8} kfls:tfgLx¿ Uff]nfaf?b tyf
aGb's;lxt k;]/ Ps} k6sdf ;}of}h F gfsf]
Pp6} lrxfg agfpbf s]xL ug{ g;Sg]
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g]kfndf kfls:tfgL
cft+ssf/Lsf] rnv]n ePsf] b]V5 .
g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf w'hf–w'hf kfg{, g]kfnsf]
cv08tfnfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kfg{ s]xL c/fhs
tyf ljv08gjfbLx¿nfO{ cf>o:yn,
xftxltof/ tyf Joj:yfkg ub}{ ef/tdf
kfn]/ /fV5 / g]kfndf pB'd dRrfpg
nufp5, ToxL lj:tf/jfb g]kfnsf] sf/0f
ef/tsf] ;'/Iffdf vt/f eof] eGb}
Po/df;{n /fVg kfpg'kg],{ g]kfnsf]
/fhwfgLdf /x]sf] Ps dfq cGt/f{li6«o
Po/kf]6d{ f cfˆgf ;}lgs /fVg kfpg'kg]{
eGb} cfˆgf gf]s/x¿nfO{ wDsfpg] tyf
bafa lbO/xg] u5{ . b'lgofFn] b]lv/x]sf]
tyf a'lem/x]sf] 5 ls g]kfnnfO{ 6'qm\ ofpg,
g]kfnnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg xhf/f}F g]kfn
lj/f]wL et'jfx¿nfO{ xftxltof/, tflnd,
6«l] gª tyf ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{ lj:tf/jfbn]
:jtGqtf tyf cnu klxrfgsf] nflu
lgz:q cfGbf]ng ug]{ g]kfnefifL
ef/tLox¿nfO{ s'g xb;Ddsf] bdg
ul//x]sf] 5 . tL cfˆgf] klxrfgsf] nflu
;+3if{ ug]{ g]kfnefifL dxfg\ of]4fx¿nfO{
g]kfnaf6 ;xof]usf] t s'/f gu/f},F
cgfjZos bdg gu/ eg]/ ;fdfGo jQmJo
lgsfNg;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;s]g, lsgls
g]kfndf g]kfnsf] ;/sf/ g} 5}g, ef/taf6
;~rflnt cyjf ef/tLo ;/sf/n]
g]kfnefifLx¿sf] kIfdf af]lnlbg] s'/f klg
ePg . h;n] cfˆgf] nflu ;d]t af]Ng
;Sb}g eg] p;n] c?sf] nflu s] af]Ng
;sf];\ . ldhf{lbn;fb tyf hdLd zfxx¿
/fi6«jfbL ePs} sf/0f lj:tf/jfbLåf/f
kflnt–kf]lift hNnfbx¿ sf7df8f}dF } cfP/
pgLx¿sf] xTof u5{g,\ ToxL lj:tf/jfbn]
g]kfnn] cltjfbL tyf cft+sjfbLx¿nfO{
rnv]n ug{ 5"6 lbPsf] afxfgfdf ;}lgs
x:tIf]ksf] tof/L u5{ . cfˆgf eQm tyf
kfNt' s' s ' / x¿nfO{ g] k fnsf]
/fHo;~rfngsf] s]Gb|df l6sfO/fVg
cfk"mnfO{ g} nf]stGqsf] kof{o 7fGg]
lj:tf/jfbn] hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t, Odfg
gePsf, tyf u2f/x¿sf] hdft tof/
u/]/ ;/sf/ ;+rfng ug{ nufpF5, t/
hgdt gePsf, hgljZjf; gePsf,
u2f/ sn+sx¿sf] u2f/Lsf] xb gfu]/ st},
sxLF / s]xL ug}{ g;Sg] eP/ /fhLgfdf
lbO;Sbf;d]t Tof] cfˆgf v]tfnfx¿sf]
e'm08nfO{ labf lbFbg} lsgls tL v]tfnf
To; :yfgaf6 hfgf;fy lj:tf/jfbsf]
;f]r, of]hgf, ;kgf, rfxgf tyf sfdgf
rsgfr'/ x'g] 5, ;a} tf;sf] dxnem}F
unf{du'nd{ ' 9Ng] 5 . To;}sf/0f sfdrnfp
s7k'tnLn] cfwf jif{ kf/ ul/;Sbf;d]t,
bh{gf}F k6s lgjf{rg eO;Sbf;d]t g]kfndf
;/sf/ u7g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . olb
lj:tf/jfbL rnv]n x'bg} Yof] eg] olb
lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]k x'bF g} Yof] eg] olb
lj:tf/jfbLsf s's/' x¿ ljz]if b"t ag]/
cfpFb}gy] eg], olb lj:tf/jfbsf
et'jfx¿n] hfnem]n tyf if8\oGq u/L
sxLn] gSsnL 6]k tof/ ug]{ t sxLn]
/fi6«jfbL zlQmnfO{ ef]6 lbPdf, cyjf
/fi6«jfbL zlQmnfO{ ;/sf/ agfpg ;3fPdf
ckx/0f tyf Hofg dfg];{ Ddsf] wDsL
lbg];Ddsf] 3l6of tyf 3[l0ft xs{t u/]sf]
x'bF g} Yof] eg] s7\kt' nLn] /fhLgfdf u/]sf]
s]xL lbgd} gofF ;/sf/ aGg] lyof] . b'lgofn]
a'em]sf] 5, sxLn] b"t ag]/ cfpg] t
sxLn] ljz]if b"t ag]/ cfpg] lj:tf/jfbL
b'i6x¿n] n}grf}/df s] s] u5{g\ < s:tf–
s:tf kfqx¿ ;d]6/] kf6L{ tyf ef]h u5{g,\
s:tf–s:tf k|jrg lbG5g\ clg To;sf]
k|efj s;/L k5{ . lj:tf/jfbLn] g]kfndf
nufpg] u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ cf/f]kx¿ k"0f{tfdf
unt 5g\, oL unt xs{tx¿sf] d'Vo
sf/0f eg]sf] cfˆgf] x:tIf]k tyf
cTofrf/sf] /ˆtf/ a9fpg tyf hgtfsf]
Wofg cGoq df]8g\ xf] eGg] s'/f klg
Oltxf;n] k|dfl0ft ul/lbO;s]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf /fi6«jfbL zlQmx¿n] ha s'g}
uDeL/ cfjfh p7fpF5g\, g]kfnsf
:jfledfgLx¿n] hj cfˆgf] v'§fdfly kf5{g\
ta lj:tf/jfb ltnldnfpF5 / gofF–gofF
cf/f]kx¿ g]kfndfly nufpF5, cg]s e'm7f
ckmjfxx¿ lkmhfpF5 / b'lgofsf] Wofg
cGoq df]85\ . ljutdf ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf
qmddf ;d]t b]lvof], ha /fi6«jfbL zlQmsf]
g]tT[ jdf kl/jt{gsfdL tyf :jtGqtfsf
kIfw/x¿sf] ;/sf/ aG5 eGg]
;'lglZrttf a9\b} hfG5, lj:tf/jfbn]
:jtGq tyf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg
g]kfnLnfO{ ckx/0f tyf Hofg dfg];{ Ddsf]
wDsL v'n]cfd lbG5 . hj km/s
kl/l:yltsf] >[hgf x'G5, g]kfnsf
dfcf]jfbL, kfls:tfgL cft+ssf/L tyf
ef/tLo dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] aLrdf ;Dks{,
;DaGw ePsf], ;+oQ' m tflnd tyf 6«l] gª
ePsf] xf}jf lkmhfpF5 . Pl;of dfq ge}
ljZj hutnfO{ e|ddf kf5{ . klxnfsf]
36gf cln dTy/ x'gf;fy ha km]l/
kl/l:ylt km]l/G5, km]l/ g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLn]
s'g} cd's tyf cb[Zo lrlgofF JolQm;Fu
;f+;b lsGg krf;f}F s/f]8 dfu u/]sf]
gSsnL 6]k agfP/ cfˆg} nufgLdf tyf
cfˆg} e"lddf ;~rflnt g]kfnefifL Rofgn
g]kfn jgaf6 k|;f/0f u5{ . clxn] hj
csf]{ kl/l:ylt tof/ ePsf] 5, dgf]gog
btf{ ub}{ gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgsf]
cl3Nn] lbg cyjf d+;L/ !( ut]
lj:tf/jfbL ;+:yfkg kIf lgs6sf
kqklqsfx¿n] csf]{ x'Od lkmFhfPsf 5g\,
csf]{ ckmjfx km}nfPsf 5g\, pgLx¿ eGb}
5g\ g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL tyf ef/tLo
dfcf]jfbL ldn]/ g]kfnsf kxf8L
lhNnfx¿sf ef/tlj/f]wL ultljlw ug{sf]
nflu rfOlghefiff k|lzIf0f lnFb} 5g\ .
g]kfnL e"lddf g]kfnL dfcf]jfbL, ef/tLo
dfcf] j fbL tyf kfls:tfgL
cft+ssf/Lx¿sf] ;+oQ' m tflnd tyf 6«l] gª
rn]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf] s]xL dlxgf glaTb}
nufOPsf] csf]{ of] e|ds, cfwf/xLg tyf
tYoxLg k|nfkn] rLgnfO{ ;d]t Ps}7fpFdf
d'5g\ ] sfd u/]sf] 5 . h'g s'/f ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbnfO{ lgs} dxFuf];d]t kg{ ;S5 .
of]eGbf a]OdfgL tyf of] gfËf] ¿k c? s]
xf]nf < lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/ tyf x:tIf]ksf]
k/sf:6 xf] of] . ;txL a'emfO lj:tf/jfbn]
dfcf]jfbL g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ aGg g;sf];
eg]/ o:tf xNnf km}nfP klg, o:tf xNnf
tyf ckmjfxx¿n] g]kfnsf] ljZjf; ljZj
;d'bfoaf6 x/fpFb} hfG5 / uO/x]sf] 5 .
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] eLif0f ;}lgs
cfqmd0fsf] hu cyjf a]z tof/ ub}{ 5,
ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ lbUe|ldt kfl//x]sf] 5,
g]kfnsf nf]tGqjfbL elgg]x¿ tyf
s7k'tnLsf dnfdL oL afO;]x¿ d/]sf]
la/fnf] a/fa/ ;f; bafP/ a;]sf 5g\,
g t logLx¿nfO{ b]zsf] dfof 5, g t
logLx¿nfO{ b]zaf;Lsf] eljiosf] lrGtf
5, g t logLx¿;Fu lj:tf/jfbn] nufPsf
x/]s cf/f]kx¿ lg/fwf/, skf]nslNkt,
e'm7f tyf e|fds x'g\ eg]/ s8f zAbdf
v08g ug]{ ;fdYo{ 5 . logLx¿ ToxL
rfxG5g\ h'g s'sfo{ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn]
ul//x]sf] 5 . ;Qf / zlQmsf] nflu b]z
v/fgL agfpg oL a]Odfg u2f/x¿ tof/
5g\ . logLx¿ u2f/ x'g,\ logLx¿ ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbsf bnfn x'g,\ logLx¿ kmut
s7k'tnL x'g eGg] s'/f s;}n] nufPsf
cf/f]kx¿eGbf klg logLx¿sf] cfˆgf]
klxrfg xf] . hLjge/ nufP/ agfPsf]
klxrfg s;}n] rfxFbd} f tTsfn km]l/Fbg} .
oL ofjt pkgfdx¿ logLx¿sf cfˆg}
s'sd{sf k|ltkmnx¿ x'g,\ rfx] logLx¿nfO{
krfpg d'l:sn k/f];\ .
Eff/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] of] xs{tn] nfvf}F
g]kfnL o'jfzlQmnfO{ aGb's ;dfpg pBt
ub}{ 5, aGb's ;dfpg afWo kfb}{ 5 .
g]kfndf /x]sf lj:tf/jfbsf bnfn ltgsf
dltof/ tyf ltgLx¿sf u'nfdx¿n] ;f]Rg}
g;Sg] lx;jfn] ca /fi6«jfbL tyf
:jtGqtfk|d] Lx¿n] b]zsf] kIfdf cfjfh
p7fpg cfjZos 5 . xf] xfdLn] ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbs} l;sf] ub}{ To;}n] xNnf
dRrfPem} /fi6«sf] eljio ;'lglZrt ug{sf]
nflu, b]z ;fj{ef}d tyf :jtGq agfpgsf]
nflu, /fi6«af;Lsf] eljiosf] Uof/]G6L ug{sf]
nflu rfOlgh xf];\ jf kfls:tfgL ;a}sf]
;xof]u lng cfjZos 5 . olb xfdL
8/fP/ s's/' n] k'R5/ xNnfPem} xlNbFb}
a:b} u¥of} eg] klg xfdL ;l'/IfLt x'bg} f} .
lj:tf/jfbn] a/fDaf/ ul//x]sf] e|dsf]
v]tL tyf Aofks e'm7f ckmjfxx¿sf] sf/0f
xfd|f] lhGbuL, xfd|f] eljio tyf ;du|
/fi6«sf] eljio cGwsf/do 5 . kGr/
ePsf] 6\oa' df xfjf e/]/ ;d'bd| f kf}8L
v]Ng' / xfdL xft afw]/ r'krfk a:g'sf]
vt/f a/fa/ 5 . To;sf/0f ca
lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/ ;xg] uNtL s;}n]
ug'{ x'bF g} . xf] b]zsf] nflu alnbfg lbg
tof/ s/f}8f}F g]kfnLx¿ cfkm}F k|lt/f]wdf
pqg cfjZos 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn]
cfkm}F af/Daf/ elg/x]sf] 5 ls p;sf
l5d]sL /fi6«x¿ rLg, kfls:tfg tyf
b]zleqs} hgtf cyjf dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;a}
p;sf b'Zdg x'g\ eg] ltgLx¿sf] ;xof]u
lng xfdL lsg r'Sg] < ca g]kfnL o'jfx¿
hfUg}k5{ . rLg, kfls:tfg tyf ef/tLo
:jtGqtfsf] nflu o'4 d}bfgdf x]lnPsf
nfvf}F d'lQmsfdL ef/tLo hgtfx¿sf] ;fy
tyf ;xof]udf ;fFRrLs} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb
la?4sf] o'4sf] ;+v3f]z ug}k{ 5{ . h;/L
bzuhf If]q ldr]/ lj:tf/jfbn] a:tL
a;fpg] tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ub}5{ ,
To;}u/L Tof] bzuhf If]qdf uP/ ad,
af?b laR5\ofpg] sfo{ xfdLn] klg ug{'
x'G5 / ug'k{ 5{ . xfd|f] hldgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{
k"/f clwsf/ xfdL;Fu 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/
jf ;/sf/L g'gkfgL vfPsf ;]gfk'nL;sf]
cfzf tyf e/f]iff u/]/ a:g] uNtL
ˆ7
clxn];Dd ul/Fb} cfOPsf] 5 eg] ca Tof]
uNtL klg ug' { x' F b } g . ;/sf/
lj:tf/jfbaf6 kl/rflnt 5 eg] tL
;'/IffsdL{ elgPsfx¿ ToxL ;/sf/ cyjf
ToxL v]tfnfx¿sf] hdftaf6 kl/rflnt
5, b]z tyf b]zaf;Lsf] ;'/Iff x'g g;Sg'sf]
d'Vo sf/0f oxL xf] . ab\lnPsf] kl/l:yltnfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ lj:tf/jfbdfly ljho k|fKt
ug]{ pRr dxTjfsf+Iff;lxt Jofks tof/Ldf
h'6g\ ' g} clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . bdg,
cGofo, cTofrf/ tyf zf]if0faf6 cfqmfGt
ef/tLo d'lQmsfdL hgtf xfd|f] ljhosf]
cfwf/ aGg ;S5g\ . /f]hL/f]6Lsf] nflu
lab]lzg] qmddf lj:tf/jfbL ;}lgs ;]jfdf
sfo{/t tL;f}F xhf/ /fi6«kd] | L g]kfnLx¿
xfd|f] ljhosf] cfwf/ aGg ;S5g\ .
lj:tf/jfbL cTofrf/ tyf x}sdaf6
cfqmfGt d'ns ' kfls:tfg tyf ljZjsf]
bf]>f] dfxfzlQm rLg xfd|f] ljhosf] cfwf/
aGg ;S5g\ eg] ca klg lj:tf/jfbsf]
bf;tfd} hLjg hLpg] ;f]r kfNg' eg]sf]
Ho'b} dg'{ a/fa/ xf] . of] wtL{sf] af]em aGg'
dfq xf] . xf] ca /fli6«o d'QmLsf] nflu,
af/Daf/sf] x:tIf]k, cltqmd0f tyf
cfqmd0faf6 kf/ kfpgsf] nflu cyjf
lj:tf/jfbsf] ;]vL emfg{sf] nflu afFsL
/x]sf] Ps dfq ljsNk d'lQm of d[To' xf]
To;sf] kxn ug}k{ 5{ . zf]lift, kLl8t
g]kfnefifL ef/tLo hgtfx¿, ef/tLo
juL{od'lQm cfGbf]ngsf cys of]4fx¿,
tyf ef/tLo ;}lgs ;]jfdf sfo{/t xhf/f}F
/fi6«kd] | L g]kfnLx¿;lxt s/f]8f}F :jfeLdfgL,
:jtGqtfk|dL tyf d'lQmsfdL g]kfnL
hgtfx¿ Psh'6 x'bF } pknAw eP ;Ddsf]
kfls:tfgL, lrlgofF jf h'g;'s} b]zsf]
;xof]usf] ;fydf lj:tf/jfb la?4
n8\gk} 5{ . ;'/Iff n8]/ x'G5, efu]/ x'bF g} .
s/fP/ ag]/ af/Daf/ dg'e{ Gbf /fi6«sf]
nflu lj/ ;k't aGb} Psrf]6L dg'{ dxfg\
tyf a'l4dfgL xf] .
ljkGgnfO{===
;/sf/af6 pknAw ePsf] ;xof]u
ljkGgn] gkfO{ ;DkGgn] pkef]u ul//x]sf
5g\ eg] cˆgf]tkm{ ljkGgn] 5f8]/ uPsf
l;kmfl/;kqx¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{
n]vfk|dv ljdn pk|t] Lsf] lgb]z { gdf
gSsnL lan agfO{ /sd lxgfldgf
eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] Ps dfq e/kbf]{
d'6' /f]uLsf] pkrf/ x'g] ;lxb u+ufnfn
/fli6«o Åbo/f]u s]Gb|df o;/L lbgbfxf8}
ljkGg d'6' /f]uLx¿sf] gfddf e|i6frf/
x'g' lgn{Hh ljifo ePsf] / of] ;lxbsf]
gfddf vf]lnPsf] ;+:yf ePsf]n] ;lxbsf]
ckdfg ePsf] eGb} c:ktfnleq rrf{
rNg yfn]sf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 . b]zsf]
7"nf] c:ktfnnufot jL/ c:ktfndf
;d]t e|i6frf/ ePsf] eGb} ;fj{hlgs
n]vf;ldlt / clVtof/n] 5fglag
yfln;s]sf] cj:yfdf o; ;lxb /fli6«o
Åbo/f]u s]Gb|df ljkGg d'6' /f]uLsf] gfddf
x'g] u/]sf] e|i6frf/ cem} b08gLo ePsf]
eGb} o; ljifodf ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldlt
/ clVtof/n] l5§} cg';Gwfg yfNg'kg]{
cfjfh sd{rf/L j[Qdf p7\g yfn]sf]
;|ft] n] atfpF5 . ;fy} cfufdL lbgdf
c:ktfnleq ePsf cGo lcgoldttf
/ e|i6frf/nfO{ klg ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;|ft]
tof/ ePsf] atfpF5 .
awfO{===
lbg]x¿sf] km]l/ k/fho ePsf] 5 . b]zL,
ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ Pslqt u/L
;]gfnfO{ pS;fO{ b]znfO{ ckmuflg:tfg
jf >Ln+sf agfpg] ;kgf b]Vg]x¿ km]l/
56k6fpg nfu]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL
emngfy vgfnsf] cfufdL ofqf Tolt
;xh 5}g . ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vt/f t pgsf]
cfˆg} bnaf6 5 . cfˆg} kf6L{leqsf
Hofb} b'i6 / ck/fwL ldqx¿af6 3]l/g'kg]{
pgsf] ljjztf sd kL8fbfos 5}g .
To;dfly afXo bafa / cfGtl/s
zlQm;Gt'ngnfO{ ldnfP/ cufl8 a9\g'
Tolt ;lhnf] ljifo xf]Og . Pp6f zlQm
k"/} Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an nufP/ pgsf]
c;kmntfsf cufl8 cfˆgf] ljhof]T;j
dgfpg Jou| / cft'/ 5 . lglZrt 5,
cfh Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfn
k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] kl/0ffdnfO{ krfpg
g;Sg]x¿ ef]lnb]lv g} if8\oGqsf tfgfafgf
a'Gg yfNg]5g\ . leq / aflx/sf b[Zo
clg cb[Zo v]nx¿af6 cfk"mnfO{ arfpFb}
;'/lIft cjt/0fsf] lhDdf emngfy
vgfnsf] xftdf 5 . cfˆgf] alnof]
;xof]uLsf] ck]IffnfO{ sb/ ub}{ zflGt /
;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf k"/} b]znfO{ cufl8
a9fpg ;kmn x'g ;s]df ToxL pgsf]
;kmntf x'g5] . km]l/ klg gofF k|wfgdGqLnfO{
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu
z'eofqf awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf .
ˆ8
zfGt / ;d[4 g]kfn agfpg] ;"q
xfdL ;w}F /fhgLlts g]tfx?sf] lj/f]w
dfq} ug{ O{R5's x'G5f} / b]z agfpg] jf
laufg]{ sfd dfq g]tfx?sf] xf] eGg] 7fGg]sf
5f}+ . t/ xfdL gful/ssf] rfFlx b]znfO{{
/fd|f] / g/fd|f] agfpgdf s'g} lhDd]jf/L /
e"ldsf 5}g h:tf] u5f{} . jf:tjdf Pp6f
/fd|f] Joj:yf ;lxtsf] zfGt, ;d[4 /fi6«
aGgnfO{{ /fhg]tf / hgtfsf] plQs} e"ldsf
/ lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . s]lx lbg cl3 d]/f
Ps hgf ldqn] ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/sf]
dfWodaf6 s] xfd|f] sfd c?sf] lj/f]w /
ufnL ug'{ dfq} xf] t < egL ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx?
dfem nf} g t xfd|f] b]z g]kfnnfO{{ zfGt
;d[4 agfpg s] ug{' k5{ egL xfd|f] cf–
cfˆgf] If]qsf] tkm{af6 b]z agfpg] lehg
lbb} elg cfJxfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . l7s}
s'/f ug'{ ePsf] xf] pxfFn] . b]zsf g]tfnfO{{
ufnL u/]/ dfq klg xfdL 5'6sf/f kfpg
;lsFbg} , pgLx? klg t xfdL h:t} x'g
lg . s'g} cs}{ ;+;f/sf ljlrqsf ;f]r,
1fg, ;Lk, bz{g ePsf dfG5] xf]Og . tkfO+{
xfdL klg hfg ;S5f} /fi6« xfFSgnfO{{ . tkfO+n{ ]
klg lbg ;Sg' x'G5 cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;d[4
/fi6« agfpg] lehg xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{,{ ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnLnfO{{ clg clxn] b]z xfFs] 7fpFdf
ePsf g]tfnfO{{ . ha w]/} hgtfdf b]zn]
ug{' kg{] sfd of] xf] elg Ps dt x'G5g\ t
xfd|f] cledt lhlt zf;g ;+rfng ug{
7fpFdf k'Ug clg l6Sg klg TolxF sfd ug'{
kg]{ x'G5 . zfGt ;d[4 g]kfn xfdL ;a}sf]
kl/sNkgf xf] Tof] k|flKtsf] nflu clenDj
ug{' kg]{ s]xL a'bF fx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ h'g of]
k+lStsf/ oxfF k|:t't ug{ uO{/x]sf] 5 .
;do;Ldfleq ;+ljwfg n]vg /
/fhgLlts l:y/tf @))& ;fndf
k|hftGq k|flKt, @)$^ ;fndf ;+;bLo
k|hftGq / @)^# df ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs
u0ftGq u/L g]kfndf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g
kof{Kt dfqfdf ePsf 5g\ t/ k|fKt
pknlAwnfO{{ ;+:yfut ug{ xfdL r'sL /x]sf
5f} . O{ltxf;af6 kf7 l;ls clxn] k|fKt
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, wd{lg/k]Iftf,
bz jif{ nfdf] lx+;fTds åGåsf]
zflGtk"0f{;dfwfg / ^) jif{bl] v yflGtdf
/x]sf] Ph]08f ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;kmn lgjf{rg
h:tf pknAwLsf] ;a} kf6L{n] /fd|f]
;f]ra'emsf ;fy hgtfn] Joj:yf km]l/Psf]
dxz'; ug{] u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ k5{ .
ha;Dd hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ kl/jt{g
ug{;lsb}g, hgtfsf] d'xf/df v'lzofnL
Nofpg ;lsb}g ta;Dd /fhgLlts
kl/jt{g, dfq} Joj:yf kl/jt{g / JolSt
kl/jt{gdf ;Lldt x'g k'U5 . ;w}F Joj:yf
kl/jt{gsf nflu dfq cfGbf]ng u/L cfPsf
xfdL ca ljZjdfGo zfZjt d"No
dfGotfx? h:t} hgtfdf lglxt
;fj{ef}d;Qf, ljlwsf] zf;g, :jtGq
Gofokflnsf, dfgjclwsf/, k|;] :jtGqtf,
ax'njfb, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{, clx+;fTds
/fhgLlts k|lt:kwf{, df}lns clwsf/,
aflnu dtflwsf/df cfwfl/t lgjf{rgsf]
Uof/]G6L u/]sf] ;+ljwfg ;do;Ldfleq n]vL
/fhgLlts l:y/tf lbnfpg' ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{sf]
d'Vo st{Jo xf] . ;+us } f l5d]sL d'ns '
rLg / ef/t ljZjsf ;j{;DkGg zlSt
/fi6«sf nflu k|ltikwf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
t/ xfdL eg] hgtfsf] cj:yf kl/jt{g
ug{ gnfuL /fhgLlts Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf
nflu ;ft bzs v]/ kmfln;s]sf 5f} .
t;y{ ca l9nf] gu/L b]zdf cfly{s
qmflGtsf nflu cfly{s Ph]08fsf ;fy
kf6L{x? k|ltikwf{ ug{ tof/ x'g' k5{ g ls
clxn] h:tf] s'lr{nfO{{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;Dk"0f{
sfdsf/jfxL ‰ofKk ug{ sfdn] lg/Gt/tf
kfpg' ePg . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
kf6L{ Pdfcf]jfbL p;}sf] Ph]08f u0ftGqnfO{{
:yfloTj / ;+:yfut ug{nfO{ a9L lhDd]jf/
x'g' h?/L 5 .
clxn] klg cGo kf6L{sf] t'ngfdf w]/}
hgtf dfcf]jfbLk|lt cfslif{t 5g\ . p;n]
rfx]sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s kl/jt{g hgtfsf]
dg lht]/} :yflkt ug]{ cj:yf 5 . ef/t
cd]l/sfnfO{{ b]vfP/ ev{/} !^ xhf/eGbf
al9 hgtfn] Hofg u'dfO{ NofPsf] ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, wd{lg/k]Iftf, zflGt
k'gj{xfnL ;+:yfut u/L oL pknAwLsf]
:yfloTj lbglt/ gnfuL hgljb|fx] sf] gfddf
lxF;fsf] af6f] k'gM lx8g vf]Hg' s;}sf] nflu
lxtsf/ x'g] 5}g . s[lifdf Joj;foLs/0f
g]kfndf cem} klg sl/a &) k|ltzt
hgtf s[lifdf cfl>t 5g\ . t/ s[lifnfO{{
s]jn hLljsf]kfh{gsf] dfof{dsf ?kdf
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
v]d/fh lrGtg
lnOPsf] x'Fbf o;df cfl>t w]/}
hg;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/ dfly gpsf;L
g]kfn cGo sfo{af6 ;d[4 x'g ;Sb}g .
To;sf nflu ;j{ky| d o; k]zf c+ufn]sf
hgtfn] cfk"mnfO{{ rflxg] ;a} rLh cfkm}
pTkfbg ug{ clxn]sf] kl/kf6L{af6 s'g}
Ps b'O{ j:t' Joj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg
ug{] k|0ffnLdf hfg' k5{ o;sf ;fy}
e'ld;DaGwL xbaGbL tf]sL pg'TkfbgzLn
?kdf /x]sf hUufsf] k'glj{t/0fsf]
Joj:yfb]lv s[lif pTkfbgsf] Go"gtd d"No
/ ahf/ Joj:yfkg, l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf, zx/
/ ufpFsf] a;fO{sf] clxn]sf] cGt/ sd
ug{sf nflu :jf:Yo, lzIff, af6f]3f6f]
lah'nLaQL h:tf k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f /
pRr:t/sf] dn aLpsf Joj:yfkg
;/sf/af6 oyfzSo rf8} u/fpg' kb{5 .
s[ifsx?nfO{{ ;xsf/L jf ;fgf shf{sf]
dfWodaf6 ;x'lnot ?kdf C0f pknAw
u/fpg' k5{ olb s[lifdf Joj;foLs/0f
cyf{t cfw'lgss/0f u/L b]znfO{{ rflxg]
s[lifhGo pTkfbgsf] cefj dfq} k'/f
ug{;Sg] cj:yf Nofpg ;s]df b]zsf]
s[lifdf cfl>t olt 7"nf] hg;+Vofsf]
hLjg:t/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg
;lsG5 . olt dfq xf]Og cfh jflif{s
>dahf/df k|jz ] ug{ tLg nfv hgzlSt
a/fa/} cyf{t b}lgs sl/a *)) hgf
g]kfnL hf] dlxgfsf] ;ft b]lv !% xhf/
?k}ofF;Ddsf] sdfO{sf nflu vf8Ld'ns ' ,
dn]lzof hfg afWo g]kfnL bfh'–efO{, lbbL–
alxgLnfO{{ cfˆg} ;dfhdf kl/jf/;Fu a;L
Tof] cfDbfgL ug{] Joj:yf l;h{gf u/fpg
;lsG5 . h;af6 o'jflkF9L ljlxg eO{
;'gzfg / lg/fz aGb} uPsf] cfhsf]
xfd|f] ufpFa:tL cfˆgf] hLjgsf] ;lqmo
pd]/ cfˆg} hGdynf]df pTkfbgzLn sfd
u/L latfpg tof/ o'jf hgzlSt ;lxt
/dfOnf / a;f}+ a;f}+ nfUg] ufpFdf ?kfGt/
x'g] 5g\ . s[lifIf]qsf] Jofj;floss/0faf6
To; k]zfdf nfu]sf hgtfsf] art
Ifdtfdf j[l4 x'G5 . h'g art cf}Bf]lus
If]qsf] ljsf;df nufpg ;lsG5 /
lgDgtd d'Nodf kfOg] s[lifhGo sRrf
kbfy{af6 pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf;nfO{{ klg
7"nf] 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;lsg] 5 . h;af6
s[lifdf cfj4 >dzlSt afx]s cGo afFsL
>dzlStnfO{{ cf}Bf]lus If]qdf yk
/f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf u/fpg ;lsG5 . ckf/
hn;|ft] sf] pkof]u g]kfn hn;|ft] df
;+;f/s} bf];f| ] wgL d'ns ' eP klg k|fljlws
/ cfly{s ?kdf ;Dej b]lvPsf] %#)))
d]=jf= ljB't Ifdtfdf hDdf ^*( d]=jf=
pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5 . kfgL v]/f uPsf]
uP5 .
kfgL To;} au]/ v]/f hfg lbg' eGbf
cfˆgf] ;fwg ;|ft] n] s] s:tf cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f ug{;lsG5 Tof] O{dfGbf/k'js { lgdf{0f
ug{ / g;s]sf]df ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u
/ C0faf6 eP klg hlt ;Sbf] rfF8}
o;sf] ;b'kof]u ug{' k5{ . ha b]znfO{{
rflxg] dfqfdf hnljB't x'G5 To;af6
cf} w f] l us ljsf;, s[ l ifdf
cfw'lgsLs/0fnufot ;Dk"0f{If]qsf]
ljsf;sf nflu ljB'tsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf
/xG5 . t/ b'ef{Uo xfd|f] b]zdf hnljB'tdf
7'nf] /fhgLlt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . c?0f t];f| ]
($)@ d]=jf= h:tf] 7"nf] cfof]hgf h;sf
nflu cfjZos /sd cToGt sd
Jofhb/, cfwfeGbf a9L cg'bfgdf ldNbf
clg If]qLo ;Gt'ng, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; /
hn;|ft] pkof]lutfsf ;a} b[li6n] pko'St
pSt cfof]hgf hn dflkmof / tLg}sf]
;]jf u/L afFrs ] f tyfslyt hn;|ft]
ljBfgsf] s'/fdf n'6k'l6P/ Pdfn]sf sf/0f
z'? x'g] cj:yfdf k'us ] f] cfof]hgf :ylst
eof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4sfndf ;'/Iffsf
sf/0f s'g} klg 7'nf hnljB't cfof]hgf
z'? x'g ;s]g . @)^@ / ^# sf]
hgcfGbf]ngkl5 /fhgLlts l:y/tf
sfod eof] elg hn;|ft] df nufgL ug{
7"nf j}bl] zs sDklg cfslif{t ePsf lyP .
dfcf]jfbL ;+;bdf cfPkl5 p ;d]t
;d]lnt /x]sf] ;+;b\sf] ;fj{hlgs n]v /
cy{;ldltn] /fi6«n] clwstd nfe x'g]
u/L k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf j}bl] zs
sDkgLnfO{{ nfO{;{ G] ; lbg ;/sf/nfO{{ lgb]z
{ g
u/]sf] lyof] .
h;sf sf/0f dflyNnf] s0ff{nL / k'Go
c?0f t];f| ] cfof]hgfsf] cWoog nueu
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
k'/f e}O;s]sf] cj:yfdf km]/L dfcf]jfbLsf
sf/0f tL cfof]hgf aGb x'g k'Uof] . dflysf
b'O{ pbfx/0f o;k|sf/ pNn]v u/]sf] 5' ls
g]kfndf ;/sf/df k'us ] f] kf6L{ sfFu;] | –
Pdfn]sf] u}/lhDd]jf/L, kf6L{ut :jfy{ /
g]tfx?sf] e|i6 rfl/q t 5b}5 g]kfnsf]
ljsf; gx'gd' f Tolt g} lhDd]jf/L k|ltkIfdf
/xFbf Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf] 5 . ;/sf/df
uPsf] kf6L{nfO{{ ljkmn agfpg ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf sfddf cj/f]w l;h{gf ug{,
z'?jft ug{ glbg] clg b]z / hgtfnfO{{
cfly{s?k sdhf]/ agfP/ hgtfsf]
gh/df ;/sf/df k'us ] f] kf6L{nfO{{ c;kmn
agfpg] v]n klg plQs} lhDd]jf/ 5 xfd|f]
b]z ljsf; gx'gd' f . t;y{ zfGt ;d[4
g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] af6f]df cl3 a9g ;a}
kf6L{ O{dfGbf/ x'g' k¥of] . ;dfg'kflts ljsf;
/ /f]huf/Lsf nflu ko{6g k|jb{jg / g]kfn
ef}uf]lns,;fF:s[lts / jftfj/0fLo ?kdf
;+;f/d} Ps ;'Gb/ d'ns ' xf]. xfdL;Fu ePsf]
ef}uf]lns,;fF:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo ljljwtf
/ k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfaf6 ljleGg d'ns ' sf
dflg;nfO{{ g]kfn 3'Dgsf] nfuL cfslif{t
u/L ko{6g k|jb{jgaf6 g]kfnsf]
;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf nflu sd nfufgLdf
w]/} JolStnfO{{ /f]hfuf/L lbg ;lsG5.
tof{sF n] b]vfp5 ls Pp6f ^)) 8n/
vr{ug{ Ps ko{saf6 & b]lv !!
JolSt;Ddn] ;] j f k' - ofp5g\ .
cs{tkm{ko{sx? g]kfn cfpFbf 6«l] sª, /flˆ6ª
/ ufpFsf] hghLjg glhsaf6 lgxfNg
u|fdL0f If]qdf 3'Dg hfg] x'bF f sdfO{sf] cj;/
ufpFdf klg k'uL ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf
nflu 6]jf k'U5 / ljBdfg zx/ / ufpFsf]
cfly{s c;dfgtf sd u/fpg ko{6g
If]qsf] ljsf;n] cx+d e'ldsf v]N5.
g]kfn;Fu t'?Gt} lgof{t ug{ ;fdg w]/}
gePsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf j}bl] zs d'bf|
cefjsf] k"lt{ ug{ /fd|f] dfWod klg ko{6g
k|j4{g x'g] 5 .
o;sf ;fy} ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu
ljb]zdf /x]sf #) nfveGbf a9L
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] ;Dks{df /x]sf
ljb]zLnfO{{ g]kfn k7fpgdf 7"nf] e'ldsf
v]Ng ;S5g\ . xf]6n, l/;f]6{ s]an' sf/
cflbdf nufgL u/L o; If]qsf] ljsf;df
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL k|ToIf ?kdf o;df
;fd]n x'g / sdfpg ;Sg] 5g\ . g]kfnn]
@)!! nfO{{ ko{6g jif{sf] ?kdf dgfpg
uO{/x]sf] x'bF f xfdL ;a} gofF jif{sf]
z'ef/De;Fu} /fi6« ljsf;sf] of] cleofgdf
/fd|f] ;f]rsf ;fy ;fd]n eO{ of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . ljBfno, SofDk; /
o'lgel;{6L txsf] k9fO{ ;s]/ lg:s]sfx?
k|fo ;a} hflu/sf] kl5 dfq nfUg] / lzlIft
JolSt x'F eGg] cx+dtf dfq af]ss ] f JolSt
geO{ w]/} eGbf w]/n} ] cfˆg} sfd u/L vfg]
pBdL, ;Lkjfg gful/s / ljBfyL{ pTkfbg
ug]{ u/L xfd|f] z}lIfs k|0ffnL kl/dfh{g ug'{
kb{5 . b]zdf sfg'gL /fh sfod /fVgsf]
nflu sfg'g sfof{Gjog u/fpg] ;+:yfnfO{{
:jtGq / ;lqmo agfpg' k¥of] . uNtL ug{
JolSt h'g;'s} kx'r F jfnf of kx'r F jfnfsf]
Ifq5fFofdf eP klg sfg'gaf6 bl08t
x'gaf6 afFRg g;sf]; . cyf{t clxn]sf]
h:tf] bG8xLgtf cj:yfsf] cGTo x'g'
kb{5 . ;fy} clxn] h:tf] cbfnt /
clVtof/ / k'ln;n] sfg'g sfofG{jog
u/fpg ;s]g eg]/ kf6L{n] cfˆg} sfo{stf{
nufP/ sfg'g cfˆgf] xftdf lnO{ bf]if ls6fg
u/L sf/jfxL ug{] sfd klg gxf]; lsg ls
xfdL ;a}nfO{{ yfxf 5 of] cfhsf] ;+;f/n]
ljlwsf] zf;g sfg'gL /fHo egL kl/sNkgf
u/]sf] ;+;f/ To:tf] klg xf]Og / k|fKt
gubf{;Dd ckgfpg' kg]{ af6f] klg Tof]
geO{ sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug{] ;+:yfnfO{{ g}
:jtGq, lgZkIf / ;lqmo agfpglt/} nfUg'
k5{ . ;Dk"0f{hgtf clg g]tf cfˆgf] sfddf
O{dfGbf/ x'g' k¥of] . cfk"m / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf]
;'v ;'ljwfsf nflu h:tf];s ' } u}/lhDd]jf/,
u}/ sfg'gL / kbLo dof{bf eGbf aflx/sf]
sfd ug{kl5 gkg]{ of d Pp6fn] u/]/ s]
x'G5 / egL sfddf nfk/jfxL ug{, cfˆgf]
ufpF 6f]ndf cfkm}n] ug{;Sg] sfddf klg
;/sf/sf] d'v tfSg] k|jl[ t TofUg' k¥of] .
lsg ls olb ;a}n] o:t} ;fgf ;fgf uNtL,
u}/lhDd]jf/ of sfg'gsf] bfo/f gf3]/ sfd
ubf{ htftt} eb|uf]n / c/fhstf x'G5 .
;Dk"0f{gful/s / pBdLn] cfk"mn] ltg'{ kg]{
s/ O{dfGbf/ eO{ ltg{' k¥of] / b]zn] cyf{t
] , l8NnLahf/, lkknaf]6 glhs}, kmf]gM $$$%%@)
/fhg]tfn] / ;/sf/n] hgtfaf6 p7fPsf]
s/sf] O{dfGbf/, pQ/bfoL, kf/bzL{ /
hgtfk|lt k"0f{hjfkmb]xL eP/ vr{ ug'{
k¥of] . /fi6«n] lzIff, :jf:Yodf ;Dk"0f{
hgtfsf] ;dfg kx'r F x'g] u/L Joj:yf
ldnfpg' k¥of] . clxn] h:tf] x'g] vfg] /
kx'rF jfnfsf nflu Ps lsl;dsf] lzIff
:jf:Yo / gx'g] ul/j lgd'vfsf nflu sd
u'0f:t/sf] ;/sf/L lzIff / cf}ifwLd'nf]
ug{g;sL Tolts} csfndf Hofg kmfNg'
kg]{ cj:yfsf] oyflz3| cGTo x'g' k¥of] .
km]/L of] klg ofb u/f} u'0f:t/Lo lzIff
:jf:Yo ;Dk"0f{hgtfnfO{{ ;dfg ?kdf
k'¥ofpg /fi6«;uF klg kof{Kt cfDbfgL x'g'
k¥of] . To;sf nflu s/sf bfo/fleq kg{]
;Dk"0f{ pBdL, Jofkf/L / gful/sn] O{dfGbf/
eP/ s/ ltg'{ k¥of] . d}n] s/ glt/] of
5Nn] eGg] b]zn] dnfO{{ ;'/Iff lbg ;Sb}g,
b]zn] Gofo lbg] lgsfo wfGg ;Sb}g, k|zf;g
rnfpg ;Sb}g, hgtfnfO{{ lgz'Ns lzIff,
:jf:Yo pknAw u/fpg] nufot k'jf{wf/
lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ u/fpg ;Sb}g eGg] ;f]r /
lhDd]jf/L af]w ;Dk"0f{ hgtfdf x'g' k5{ .
of] k+lStsf/sf] o'/f]k a;fO{sf] cg'ejdf
;fgf 7'nf Joj;foL of /f]huf/ bftf;Fu
s/ glt/L cj}wflgs ?kdf sfd ug{
dfUbf ljsl;t tyf of] ;Eo ;+;f/sf]
gful/ssf] o:tf] hjfkm xf]Og d sfnf]df
sfd lbGg lsg ls /fi6«n] d]/f] Ho'p wgsf]
;'/Iff lbPsf] 5, d]/f] afnaRrfnfO{{ lzIff
lgz'Ns lbPsf] 5, ef]nL la/fdL kbf{ lgz'Ns
pkrf/ lbG5 eGg] d}n] /fi6«kl| t a]Od{ fgL
ug{ x'bF g} eg]/ Pp6f ;fgf] lrof skmL
k;n yfk]/ a;]sf] JolStn] ;d]t eg]sf]
;'Gbf of] ;+;f/ clg cfˆgf] d'ns ' ;Dembf
crDd / b'Vv klg nfU5 .
To;}n] ;Dk"0f{;fgf 7"nf Joj;foL s/df
btf{ x'g' k5{ / s/sf] bfo/fdf k/]sfn]
O{dfGbf/ eO{ s/ ltg{' k5{ cfˆgf] st{Jo
O{dfGbf/ eO{ k'/f u/]kl5 ;/sf/nfO{{ klg
O{dfGbf/ x'g bjfa lbg ;lsG5 /
;/sf/;Fu klg hgtfsf] cfjZostf k"lt{
ug{ ;fwg ;|ft] sf] cefj x'bF g} . cfGbf]ng,
x8tfn / aGbsf] Jojl:ylts/0f cfhsf]
v'Nnf ;+;f/df s'g} klg /fhgLlts bn,
;d'bfo of ju{n] cfˆgf] dfu ;/sf/;Fu
/ hgtf;Fu k'¥ofpg clg ;fj{hlgs
;+rf/sf] dfWod;Dd k'¥ofpgnfO{{ aGb]h
nufpg t ;lsb}g . t/ cfˆgf] dfu
;DalGwt 7fpF;Dd k'¥ofpg hah{:tL an
/ h'g;'s} xTs08f ckgfP/ ePklg
cfGbf]ng, x8tfn / aGb ug{ h'g k/Dk/f
5 g]kfndf To;sf] Jojl:ytLs/0f ug{'
k5{ ;/sf/;Fu cfˆgf] dfu 1fkg kq
dfkm{t\ /fVg], cfˆgf] dfu hgtf;Fu
k'¥ofpgnfO{{ s'g} lglZrt 7fpFdf e]nf eO{
pkl:yt hg;d'bfo / ;+rf/sf] dfWodaf6
;Dk"0f{hgtfnfO{{ cfGbf]ng ug{' kg]s { f] sf/0f
;'–;'lrt u/fpg ;S5g\ . t/ g]kfndf
h'g;'s} kf6L{, ju{ / ;d'bfon] cfGbf]ng
u/] klg hah{:tL hgtfnfO{{ ;f:tL lbg],
;fgf]ltgf] Joj;foL ug{nfO{{ klg pgLx?sf]
dfu dg k/] klg gk/] klg hah{:tL
aGbdf ;fd]n x'g afWo kg{] / ef8fsf
dfG5] nufO{ htftt} 7Kk kf/L cfGbf]ng
cfJxfg ug{n' ] cfGbf]ng k"0f{;kmn eof] elg
dVv kg{] k/Dk/f 5 . To;/L hah{:tL
aGb x8\tfn u/]/ g t aGb x8\tfn
cfof]hgf ug'n{ ] cfˆgf] dfudf hgtfsf]
jf:tljs slt ;xeflutf / cfsif{0f 5
eGg] yfxf kfp5g\ g t ;/sf/nfO{{ g}
yfxf x'G5 of] dfudf hgtfsf] s] /fo 5
eGg]df . ;+;f/sf h'g;'s} k|hftflGqs
d'ns ' df s'g} klg ;d'bfon] cfˆgf] dfu
;DalGwt 7fpF / ldl8of;Dd k'¥ofpg
kfp5 t/ xfd|f] h:tf] /fi6«nfO{{ caf}s { f]
3f6f x'g] u/L htftt} hah{:tL aGb ug]{
k/Dk/f rfFxL cKofq 5}g . aGb x8tfn
/ cfGbf]ng Jojl:yt lsl;dn] ug]{ xf]
eg] cfhsf] g]kfnsf] d'n d'4f …cfly{s
qmflGtÚsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf
x'g5] . b]z o:tf] eOlbP t, g]tfn] o:tf]
u/]tf elg ;w}F c?nfO{{ ufnL u/L dfq}
b]z k|ultsf] af6f]df cl3 a9g ;Sb}g .
b]zaf6 d}n] s] kfPF dfq xf]Og ls b]znfO{{
of] cˆ7of/f] cj:yfdf d}n] s] lbPF egL
;f]rL ;Dk"0f{ g]tf, sd{rf/L, Joj;foL /
hgtfn] cfˆgf] pQ/bfloTj lhDd]jf/k'j{
lgjf{x u/] k|r/' ;Defjgf ePsf] xfd|f] b]z
!)/!% jif{leq ;+;f/sf] Ps ;'Gb[9, ;d[4
/ ;Eo d'ns ' aGg] af6f]df w]/} cuf8L
a9g]5 .
@)^& ;fn
sf= lh= df3
k|= sf=@#
b= ut] cfOtaf/
g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
;do–;Gbe{
Pd= nfld5fg] ‘d·n’
/fhg}lts uf“7f] k'mss] f] 5, gof“ ;/sf/nfO{ z'esfdgf
lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGnf gaGnf t/ ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] uf7f] eg]
aNn v'n]sf] 5 . ljleGg lsl;dsf c6\snafhL / cu|udg grfxg Pp6f
tKsf k|r08 / emngfynfO{ h;/L klg ;/sf/df hfg glbg nfu]sf] lyof] .
cem To;df klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofpFbf /dfpg] ToxL ju{ To;}df p4t
lyof] . ;xdltsf] /6fg /6\g] t/ hlt–hlt v]/ Pp6f lgsf; lg:sg
nfUbYof] Toltv]/ lbnf] Hofgn] ;xdlt x'g glbg] if8oGqdf lnFbf ToxL ju{
lgsf; grfx/] k/]sf] ufF7f] k'msfpg'sf] ;§f s;L /fVbYof] . ;fF8] ^ dlxgf
lardf ToxL v]n eP / /fhLgfdf lbO;s]sf] hgfb]z lagfsf] rf}tkmL{
c;kmn ;/sf/nfO{ l6sfO{ /xg !& cf}F k6s k|=d+= r'gfjsf] gf6s x'Fb}
uof] . if8oGqdf lnFbf To:tf kx'Frjfnf JolQmsf] klxrfg g]kfnL hgtfn]
lrlg;s]sf lyP / lt 5b\de]ifLx?nfO{ gªUofpg' jt{dfgsf] cfjZostf
eO;s]sf] lyof] . kl/0ffd o:t} x'G5 egL ;f]rs ] f / ;dosf] ljZn]if0fdf k]mn
gvfPsf] eP of] ufF7f h]i6;Dddf v'Ng] lyPg . t/ o; k6s klg dfcf]jfbLaf6
k]ml/ Pp6f /fd|f] lg0f{o eof] h;sf] kl/0fd /fHon] gofF ;/sf/ kfof] .
To;}df lrQ a'emfpg'k¥of] .
kSs} klg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg'kg]{ xf] . Tof]
lgoltnfO{ o;k6s klg k"/f x'g ;s]g . h;/L /fhg}lts ufF7f] gk'ms]/
sl;Psf] lyof] l9n} ePklg Pp6f cGof}n / k/lge{/tfsf] afbn s]xL
xb;Dd x6]sf] 5 . olb b]zk|ltsf] dfof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f nufotsf]
sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg] of] ;/sf/ ;xdtLo ;/sf/ h:t} aGg'kg]{ xf] .
To;sf] ;fy;fy} dfwj g]kfn ;/sf/ h:t} 7"nf] / e2f k|sf/sf] ;/sf/
gaGbf /fi6«sf] s]xL g s]xL af]em xn'sf] x'g'kg]{ xf] . To;tk{m @ 7"nf kf6L{sf]
b[li6 k'U5 k'Ub}g x]g{ afFsL 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]zsf] cj:yf Hofb}
8fjf8f]n 5 . ;Gtf]if lng] st} 7fpF 5}g . ;fdflhs ljs[lt lj;+ult JofKt
5 . o:tf w]/} sf/s tTjx? vf]Hg st} hfg' kb}{g . 7"nf kf6L{sf 7"n} s'/f
eg] h:t} k|foM o:tf ljs[lt lj;+ultsf] d'xfg kf6L{x?sf d'Vofno lt/
e'mDdg] sof}F sfo{stf{ To;sf] lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . h;n] ;fdflhs c;Gtf]if
a9fPsf] 5 . To:tf] c;Gtf]ifsf]n] clxn] s]xL gb]lvP klg To;n] bL3{sfnLg
c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . pBf]u wGbf cBf]ultdf 5g\ . :yfoL ;/sf/sf cyf{t
sd{rf/LtGq v'Ndv'Nnf ljleGg kf6L{sf] em08fd'lg cf]j nfu]/ cfˆgf] st{Jo
b]lv ljd'v 5g\ . o:tf ljs[lt lj;+ultsf] 7"nf] d+ufnf] ;/sf/ alglbG5 .
To;}n] ;/sf/df a:g] dflg;x? lgZkIf, kf/bzL{, Odfgbf/, sd{7 x'gk' b{5 .
hgtfn] ca aGg] dGqLx? To:t} rfx]sf] 5 . ;/sf/df hfg]n] To:t} gu?g\
hf] ljutdf ePsf lyP . jt{dfg dlGqd08n o:tf] cj:yfdf ag]sf] 5
h;n] rf/ dlxgf gk'Ub}df gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg cfjZos kg]{ sfdsfh
ul/;Sg'kg]5 { . o; leq ;+3Lotf nufot ;]gf ;dfof]hg h:tf sof}F s'/fx?
ldnfpg' kb{5 . To:t} dw]zjfbL bnx?n] p7fPsf d'2fx? s;/L ;dfwfg
x'g] x'g ljutdf w]/} dw];jfbL bnx? ;/sf/df x'bF f dw];sf] ;d:of dw];s}
gfddf jfu]l{ gË ug]{ l;jfo s]xL lyPg . dw];s} k|foM x'g] vfg]x?sf] afx'Notfdf
ag]sf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / To;sf ;ef;bx?n] jf:tljs ?kdf ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ rfx]sf eP dw];sf d'2fdf glhs ePsf hf];'s} kf6L{sf pDd]bjf/nfO{
;3fpg ;Sy] . t/ ltgLx?n] To;f] ug{ rfx]gg\ . dw];jfbL kf6L{x? k|ltkIfdf
a;] eg] ltgLx?sf] lrQ a'emfpg' klg jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ wf}–F wf}F kg]{ g} 5 .
To;}n] of] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] nIodf k'Ug cg'zf;lt / 7"nf] d]xgt ug'k{ g]{ 5 .
o;sf] ;fy ;fy} ;a} kf6L{ leqsf] cGt/åGå klg c:j:y lsl;dn] r'lnFb}
uPsf] b]lvG5 . To;sf] k|efjn] klg jt{dfg ;/sf/df k|efj kfg{ ;S5
h;n] ubf{ k"j{ cg'ejn] klg s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] dlGqd08n u7g ePsf]
s]xL lbgd} ;f] ;/sf/leq / sf] k|ltkIf hgtfn] 5'6Øfpg g;Sg] gxjf;] .
lsgeg] ljutdf o:t} ePsf] lyof] . o:tf r'gf}tL aLr ul7t jt{dfg
;/sf/nfO{ zflGt / ;'ljwfsf] nlIft p2]Zodf k'Ug w]/} r'gf}lt 5g\ .
;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] ;dodf ljb]zLx?sf] rnv]n ltj| x'g] lgolt g]kfnLx?n]
ef]Ub} / b]Vb} cfPsf x'g\ . ltgLx?sf] /j}of s:tf] x'g] xf] . o;k"j{ /fs]z ;'b
l3g nfUb} lsl;dn] bf}8w'k u/]sf] s;}n] la;]s { f 5}gg\ . ljrf/ emngfy o;
k"j{ g} k|=d+ eO;Sy] . pgL k|=d+= x'gs
' f] ;§f ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] ufF7f] sl:;g'df
Tof] zlQmsf] klg k|dv ' xft lyof] . t/ o; k6s h]= Pg= k|=d+= ePkl5 Tof]
zlQmn] s]–s] v]n ug]{ xf] . ljb]zL zlQmx?df ;do ;Gbe{ ljleGg zlQm
pbfo klg rGb|;v ] / b]lv dfwj g]kfnsf] ;/sf/;Dd ef/tLox?sf] k|efjn]
oxfFsf] ;/sf/nfO{ k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ef/t;Fu w]/} ;d:of 5g\ . lt
;d:ofnfO{ s;/L xn ug]{ . pgLx?sf] /j}of s:tf] x'g] xf] . ef/tsf] klxnf
ljb]z e|d0fsf] lgolt of] ;/sf/n] bf]x¥ofpg] xf] xf]Og Tof] klg x]g{ afFsL
5 . ljxf/ / g]kfnsf] bz uhfdf af6f] agfpg] lglt; s'df/sf] k|:tfj s'g
p2]Zon] /flvPsf] 5 < Tof] eljion] atfpnf t/ ef/t / g]kfn aLr ePsf
sof} ljjfb cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g tyf b'O{ ;fjef}d /fi6« aLrsf] cl:tTj
:jLsfb}{ ;f] cg'?k ;dfwfg x'g'kb{5 . b]znfo{ clg0f{osf] aGbL gagfpg]
b[9 OR5f geP;Dd kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt lbg ;lsFb}g . ljutsf h:t}
dGqLx? sdfp wGbfdf nfUg] / l;=l8=cf]=, Pn=l8=cf] lk6\g] h:tf pb08
sfd ub}{ nf]snfO{ x;fpg] / dGqLx? lars} lxnf] 5Øfkf 5Øfkf k|j[lQ
cGt ug{ ;Sg] xf]Og / k};f lagf xft cufl8 g a9fpg] k|j[lQnfO{ cGt ug{
;lsPg eg] h]= Pg= sf] kmf]6f] l;+xb/af/df k|=d+=sf] kmf]6f] /fVg] 7fpFdf
;lhg k'Unf To; afx]s hgtf / /fi6«sf] nflu s]xL x'g] 5}g . o;tk{m ;hs
x'g} knf{ . /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] sl:;Psf] ufF7f] k'ms]sf] 5 . Tof] …s:;LPsf]
uf7f]nfO{ k]ml/ gsl:;g jt{dfg ;/sf/n] /fd|f] e"ldsf v]nf]; . gofF g]kfnsf]
sNkgfn] ;fy{stf kfj; . gofF / k|ultzLn ;+ljwfg lgwf{l/t ;dod} hf/L
xj; . clxn]nfO{ oxL z'esfdgf jt{dfg ;/sf/nfO{ .
uf8L ef8fdf gf} k|ltzt j[l4
sf7df8f}F . kl5Nnf] ;do a9]sf] oftfoftsf ;fwfgsf] s/df 5'6
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No / uf8Lsf kfPsf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs
kf6{kh " f{ d"Nocg'¿k ef8f a9fpg oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] s/ % xhf/ ^
oftfoft Joj;foLn] dfu u/]kl5 >d ;o $) ¿k}ofFaf6 36fP/ $ xhf/
tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon] @ ;o $) sfod ul/Psf] 5 . oBlk
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ef8f gf} ;/sf/sf] of] lg0f{osf] pkef]Stf lxt
k|ltzt a9fpg :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 . ;+/If0f dGrn] lj/f]w hgfPsf] 5 .
clxn] l8h]nsf] d"No k|ltln6/ ^! dGrn] ;jf{]Rr cbfnt / clVtof/
af6 a9]/ ^* ¿k}ofF k'u]sf] 5 . b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lbPsf]
oftfoft Joj;foLn] ljBfyL{nfO{ lbFb} ;'emfjnfO{ nTofpFb} ef8f a9fpg gx'g]
cfPsf] $% k|ltzt 5'6sf cfwf/df eGb} cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 .