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pgLx?n] d'n'snfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL
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sf7df8f} F . dfgjclwsf/
pNn+ 3 gsf ph' / Lsf ;DaGwdf
cg' ; Gwfg tyf 5fglag u/L
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cfof]un] b'Mv JoSt u/]sf] 5 .
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sfof{ G jogsf] cj:yfsf af/] d f
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e|i6 lz/f]dl0f cyf{t jgdGqLsf] st'{t
sf7df8f}F . lxhf]sf lbgdf sxfnL
nfUbf] laut ef] u ] s fx? ;Qf /
zlStsf] b' ? kof] u ub} { /fHosf]
k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] bf]xg ub}{
cfk"mnfO{ g]kfnL hgftfsf] ;]js
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kfq tyf dGqLsf] ?kdf jgdGqL
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lbSs 5g\ . @)#^ ;fn ;'o{axfb'/
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/fli6«otfsf] ;jfndf dfcf]jfbL 7Ls c;kmn gagfpm ;+ljwfg;efnfO{
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bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ g]kfn
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xljut x'g uPsf] eGbf cg'ko'Qm
gxf] n f . o' j fx¿ slxn] cfˆgf]
dft[e"ldk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g] x'g\ .
cfˆgf] d'ns' eGbf l5d]sLsf] rfs8Ld}
cfˆgf] hLjg ck{ 0 f{ ug{ vf] H g]
clwsf+z g]tf b]Vbf, crDd} nfUg]
ub{5 . hGdfpg] cfdfafa'eGbf l5d]s
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d'n'ssf] ;d:of cfkm}Fx¿ ldn]/
;dfwfg ug]{ afgL slxn] l;Sg] x'g\ .
t/, xfd| f clwsf+ z g] t f tyf
sfo{stf{x¿n] cfˆgf] eGg] s'/f] g}
hfGg e'n]sf] kfOG5 . lsg xf]nf <
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s;}n] klg cfˆgf] dft[el" dk|lt cf}n
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;dodf v'n]/ cfPsf] eGb} ca
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;fnb]lv @)^^ ;fn;Dd sf/afxLsf
nflu u}/Goflos xToftkm{ ;'/Iff
lgsfoaf6 !%#, lx/f;tdf *,
dfcf]jfbLaf6 $*, k|ltsf/df @, ad
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j6f l;kmfl/; u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
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cfu|x tyf Joj:yflksf -;+;b\sf]
k| f s[ l ts ;| f ] t ;fwg ;ldltn]
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u/]/ eO/x]sf] >[vn + fa4 jg kmF8fgLdf
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lu/f]xx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf] cfzÍf 5 .
;j{Jofks ?kdf jgdGqL bLks
af]x/fdfly cf/f]k nufPsf 5g .
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u/]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf ;+ejtM
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p7fpFbf, To;sf] k|ltsf/ To:t}
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xfd|f g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ cfˆgf]
dft[el" dk|lt dl/d]6g\ ] sd} 5g\ . t/,
d'n's, hgtf / dft[e"ldk|lt u2f/L
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sf7df8f}F . hf/L zflGtk|lqmof /
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k'¥ofpg] u/L jt{dfg sfd rnfp
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5 . zflGt;Demf}tfsf] kfng / ;]gf
;dfof]hgsf] dWo:ytfsf] nflu
lgDTofOPsf] cgldgnfO{ ;/sf/L
/a}of gk5\ofPsf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL
kIfw/sf] cf/f]k nufO{ Dofb gyKg]
/ h]Pd;L;Lsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ug]{
v]ndf ;/sf/ nfu]sf] ;|f]tsf] bfaL
5 . ;|f]tsf] cg';f/ zflGtk|lqmof /
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd nueu
cGTolt/ cfOk'Ubf ef/tLo Ozf/fdf
rn]sf] s7\kt' nL ;/sf/n] pQm sfo{
x' g glbg ;] g fnfO{ prfn] /
zflGtk|lqmof eË ug{ vf]Hb}5 .
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;/sf/nfO{ klg ef/tLo Ozf/fdf
sfFu|]; / Pdfn]n] ;]gfnfO{ sfFw
r9fP/ /fhLgfdf ug{ afWo t'NofPsf]
lyof] . ef/tLo Ozf/fdf rNg]
Pdfn]df km]l/ klx/f]
sf7df8f}F . g]skf Pdfn]sf (
hgf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbLdf k|jz] u/]sf 5g\ .
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sfo{ q mdsfaLr gjk| j ] z Lx¿nfO{
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf df]xg j}B -ls/0f_ n] 6Lsf
nufO{ :jfut ug'e { Psf] lyof] eg]
sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbL k|jStf bLgfgfy
zdf{nufotn] :jfut ub}{ pxfFx¿sf]
pRr ;Ddfg ul/g] ljZjf;
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ul/ dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z ug{]x¿df
g]skf Pdfn] u08sL cGrn ;dGjo
sld6Lsf k"js{ fof{no ;lrj /fd/fh
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u/L cfˆgf] dfgf hf]8g\ x] ¿ w]/} 5g\ .
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klg unt kydf lxF8fPsf 5g\ . of]
e'Ng' x'Gg ls aa'/ /f]k/] slxn] To;df
cfFk kmNb}g eg]/ . xfd|f clwsf+z
g] t f tyf sfo{ s tf{ n ufot,
sd{rf/Lx¿n] klg cfˆgf] b]zsf] ;"o,{
rGb| c+lst em08fsf] dxTj e'n]sf
5g\ . s]xL ;'lsnf] / s]xL rf/kfª\u|]
rlDsnf], uf8Ldf ;jf/ u/L lxF8\g
dfq l;s]sf 5g\ . ef]ln s] x'G5 eGg]
s'/f] e'n]sf 5g\ . 7"nf] bnsf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{nufot dw];jfbL bnsf
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s7\k'tnL ;/sf/ / ;Qf ;fem]bf/
bnx¿ km]l/ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf
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;]gfsf] z/0fdf k'u]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL
;] g fnfO{ cl3 ;f/] / zflGt /
;+ljwfglj/f]wL xs{t ug'{ :jod\ ;/sf/
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ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 7x/ 5 . g]kfnL ;]gf
/ SoG6f]gd]G6df /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf
b'jn
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ug'{k5{ / ;/sf/ o; ljifodf ;r]t
x'gk' 5{ . ;/sf/n] Ps kIfnfO{ sfvf
/ csf]{ kIfnfO{ kfvf ug]{ xf] eg]
d'ns ' k'gM åGådf km:g] lglZrt 5 .
t;y{, /fhgLlts bnx¿ ljb]zL
Ozf/fdf eGbf cfˆg} :jfledfg /
:jljj] s df cl8g' k 5{ eGg]
cfdhgtfsf] 7DofO{ 5 .
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cgldgsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] ;+o'Qm
cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt -h]Pd;L;L_
df x'g] ;}Go egf{;DaGwL Ph]G8fsf]
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;b:o w'|j 9sfn /x]sf 5g\ . o:t}
;nf{xL lhNnf sld6Lsf k"j; { lrjfno
;b:o /fds]jn dfemL, If]q gDa/
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rf}w/L, gf/fo0f a:g]t, ;'ldqf dfemL,
;+u7Lt ;b:ox¿ /fh' 9sfn /
tg'hf 9sfn /x]sf 5g\ . Pdfn] g]tT[ j
nf]stflGqs df]rf{nfO{ alnof] agfpg]
gfddf blIf0fkGyL u7aGwg;Fu ldNg
k'u]sf], ldqzlStdfly cfqmd0f ub}{
zq'ju{;Fu glhlsg] sfd u/]sf],
Pdfn]n] cfˆgf] juL{o klxrfg ;d]t
rf/ k6s;Ddsf] k|wfgdGqLsf]
lgjf{rg k|lqmofnfO{ kf/ ul/;Sbf klg
;+ljwfg;efn] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ug{
g;s]kl5 hgtfdf 7"nf] lg/fz 5fPsf]
5 . kfFrf}F k6s klg lgsf; lgl:sg]
vf;} ;Defjgfx¿ b]lvPsf 5}gg\ .
xfd|f] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] :ki6 Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5, klxnf] ;xdltsf] k|lqmof /
If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt
bf];|f] ax'dtLo k|lqmof . ;xdtLo
k|lqmof c;kmn ePdf ax'dtLosf]
ljsNk 5, t/ ax'dtLo klg km]n
eP s] ug]e { Gg] ljsNk ;+ljwfgdf
5}g . r'gfj dfq u/fO/fVg] jf gofF
;Defjgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ eGg] uDeL/
k|Zg plAhPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];
5nkmndf g]kfnL ;]gf ;xefuL gx'g]
ePsf] 5 . ;} G o egf{ ; DaGwL
Ph]G8fdf 5nkmn ug{ ut z'qmaf/
af]nfOPsf] h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7sdf
;]gfsf k|ltlglw ;xefuL ePgg\ .
o;cl3 ut dËnaf/sf nflu k|:tfj
ul/Psf] a}7s klg ;]gfs} sf/0f a:g
;s]sf] lyPg . z'qmaf/sf nflu
af]nfOPsf] a}7s ;]gfsf] bafao'Qm
cfu|xkl5 !) ut]sf nflu ;fl/Psf]
atfOG5 . a}7sdf ef}lts¿kdf
pkl:ylt eP klg egf{ ; DaGwL
5nkmndf ;xefuL gx'g] lgisif{ hËL
c•fn] lgsfn]sf] 5 . …;/sf/sf]
lg0f{o / cfb]zadf]lhd xfdLn] egf{
;'? u/]sf xf}F . h]Pd;L;Ldf o;af/]df
5nkmn ug'{ cfjZos 5}g . g]kfnL
;]gf / ;/sf/nfO{ h]Pd;L;Ln] sdfG8
ug]{ xf]OgÚ eGg] g]kfnL ;]gfsf egfO
/x]sf] 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ cfufdL
a}7ssf nflu lgwf{l/t ldlteGbf
klxn] g} hËL c•fn] h]Pd;L;Laf6
cfˆgf k|ltlglw lkmtf{ af]nfpg /Iff
u'dfpFb} uPsf] / Pdfn] g]t[Tjn]
;dft]sf] unt lbzf ;'wg| g;Sg] 7x/
ub} { dfcf] j fbLdf k| a ] z u/] s f]
pgLx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n]
hf/L u/]sf] k|;] lj1lKtsf] k"0f{ljj/0f
o;k|sf/ 5– æ/fhtGqsf] pGd"ng
ePklg b]z cem} cw{;fdGtL /
c4{cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf g} /x]sf]
5 . ;dfhdf ;fdGtjfbsf
cjz]ifx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . jf:tljs
hf]tfxf ls;fg hUufsf] dflns aGg
kfPsf 5}gg\ . qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfd l;Ë} afFsL 5 .
;fdGtjfb / b]zleq x's{+b} u/]sf]
bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'FhLjfbnfO{
cf8e/f] z f / 6] j f lbg] sfd
;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx¿n]
u/]sf 5g\ . b]zdf /fli6«o k'FhLsf]
ljsf; x' g ;s] s f] 5} g .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ePkl5
b]zdf oltv]/ gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg]
-afF s L & k] h df_
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s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 lsgls pm
clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;+s]taf6 slQ
lrlGtt 5}g, a? v';L / k|k'mlNnt
5, h:tf] b]lvG5 . ;xdltsf] nflu
Pp6} b[li6sf]0f afws 5 Tof] xf]– æof]
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{
c:jLsf/ ug]{, r'gf}tL lbg] / b]znfO{
ckmn agfpg] leqL if8\oGqafx]s s]xL
xf]Og . lsgls g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{
nf]stGqsf] cfd dfGotf yfxf gePsf]
xf] O g, ;a} s f] ;j{ ; Ddlt /
;xeflutfdf ePsf] lgjf{ r gsf]
kl/0ffdnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg' sfFu|];sf]
k" j f{ u | x , s' 0 7f / ck/flws
dGqfnodfkm{t\ ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x ug]{
tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . a}7sdf pkl:yt
x'g} k/]df h]Pd;L;Lsf] cf}lrTodfly k|Zg
p7fpFb} ;]gf s8f ¿kdf k|:t't x'g5 ] .
;]gfn] cfGtl/s sf/0f b]vfpFb}
z'qmaf/sf] a}7sdf pkl:ylt x'g
g;Sg] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] .
…cf}krfl/s¿kdf cfGtl/s sf/0f
elgP klg a}7s :yug ug{ nufpg'
h]Pd;L;Lsf] x}l;otnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg'
xf], p;sf] e"ldsfk|ltsf] c;Gt'li6
xf]Ú, ;]gf;Da4 ;|f]tn] eGof] lj:t[t
zflGt;Demf}tf / xftxltof/ tyf
;] g f Joj:yfkgsf] cg' u dg
;Demf}tfcg';f/ ul7t h]Pd;L;Ldf
cgldgsf s0f]{n dfsf]{; ld/fG8f
;+of]hs 5g\ . To;df ;]gfsf tkm{af6
;xfos /yL k"0f{rGb| yfkf / cGo
b'O{ s0f]{n, dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6
gGblszf]/ k'g;lxt tLghgf ;b:o
5g\ . cgldgn] eg], …g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
cg'/f]wadf]lhd z'qmaf/sf] a}7s ebf}
-afF s L & k] h df_
s:tf] dx“uf]
:s' n kmL ¤
Pp6f lghL :s"nn] jflif{s
z'Nssf gfddf Ps} k6s slt
?k} o fF ; Dd c;' N 5 xf] n f < !)
xhf/ < @) xhf/ < #) xhf/ <
cxF, tkfO{Fsf] cg'dfg cln sd
eof] . lzIff ljefun] u/]sf] :ynut
cg' u dgsf] k| l tj] b g cg' ; f/
sltko lghL :s" n n] jflif{ s
z'Nssf gfddf ?= && xhf/;Dd
Ps}k6s c;'n u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
s'g s'g x'g\ t To:tf :s"n <
/fhwfgLsf r]N;L OG6/g];gn,
rfF b jfs, /ftf] aËnf,
h] l eo;{ O G6/g] ; gn, kf7zfnf
g]kfn, h]D; Ps]8]dL cflb . tL
:s"ndfq x}gg, b]zsf $) k|ltzt
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tf]s]sf] ;LdfnfO{ pNn+3g u/L
ljBfyL{;uF rsf]{ /sd c;'Ng] u/]sf]
7x/ ;/sf/L cg'udg k|ltj]bg
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;xdltsf nflu kmnfgf] / l9:sfgf]
eP x'G5 eGg] klg x'bF g} / kmnfgf]
x'g'x'Fb}g eGg] klg x'Fb}g . To;sf/0f
klg olb g]kfnL sfFu|]; /fli6«o
;xdltsf] k|dv ' afws xf] eg] p;nfO{
PSNofpg] / gËfpg] of]hgfdf bnx¿
nfUg' a'l4dfgL x'g5 ] . k6s–k6s
sfFu|];n] elg;s]sf] 5, p;nfO{
cfk"mafx]ssf] g]t[Tj :jLsfo{ 5}g .
g] k fnL /fhgLlt1x¿df
Pscsf{dfly ljZjf;sf] 7"nf] ;+s6
5 . cljZjf; / cfz+ s fsf]
dgf]lj1fgn] g]kfnL /fhgLltnfO{
ufFh]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f
g] t fx¿ g} x' g \ , g] t fx¿df
/fhgLltseGbf klg c/fhgLlts
k|jl[ Q xfjL 5, c/fhs ckl/kSj
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ˆ2 @)^& ;fn ebf} ^ ut] cfOtaf/
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª k\mo'hg ¤ cy{ / g]kfnL qmflGtdf o;sf] k|of]u–@
sf] zflAbs cy{ / kmfNg] c?n] ;xof]u / ;dy{g u/]sf]
ax;dfly ax;
Fusion
g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;Gbe{df cl3Nnf] gx'g] ePsf] eP /fhtGq cfh klg
c+sdf of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ hfgsf/L - v}==== . qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] qmflGtnfO{
1ft_ eP;Dd k|:6 kfg{ vf]lhPsf] sflnaxfb' / dNn zLif{laGb'df /fv]/ h] klg ug{ tof/
lyof] eg] afFsL c+z yKg vf]lhPsf] jf x]g{] / a'‰g] gofF ljlw klg xf], Fusion ug]{ sfo{lbzfsf] ¿kdf x'gk' 5{ . dfcf] / o;sf] g]tT[ j k+lQmn]
5. h;/L kl5Nnf j} 1 flgs :6] k mg cufl8 ;f¥of] . u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{df oxL j}1flgs ;RrfOnfO{ cfTd;ft
Fusion sf] 7f]; cy{ Pp6f xlsª;\n] ef}lts hutnfO{ cWoog ;xl/of hgcfGbf]ng hf]8\b} cfPsf] u/]sfn] g} h;sf] ;/sf/sf kfnfdf
(Compund) x'bF fx'bF } klg ;do;Gbe{ ug{ Fuisonsf] l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg eP klg Fusion sf] ;+Zn]if0f bf];|f] hgo'4 5]l8of] / hf];Fu a9L le8Gt
/ kl/j]zdf o;sf efj leGg 9Ën] u/] . cfOg:6fOgn] cufl8 ;f/]sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf g} u¥of] . ;f] ul/of] , p;} n fO{ ;fy lnP/
jif{ #, c+s %!
%!,, ebf} ^ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& emlNsG5g\ . Fusion sf] g]kfnL 7f]; Theory of Uncertriroty / ;Dd]ngkl5 p;n] Jojxfl/s¿k lbg nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng ;kmntfdf
agfpFbf ;dfof]hg x'g] / To;}nfO{ Theory of Relatiovity nfO{ hf]8/] yfNof] . o;sf tdfd pbfx/0fx¿ k'¥ofof], oBlk nf]stGq ;a}sf] aGg
c+u|]hL agfpFbf Integretion klg cyf{t\ clglZrttf / ;fk]IftfnfO{ 5g\ , h;df Psflt/ /fhg} l ts afFsL 5 . olb s= j;Gtn] ;hftLo
;DkfbsLo x'G5 eg] To;sf] JofVof cnu cl:tTj hf]8/ fusion u/]/ x]g'{kg]{ s'/f g} x8\tfn / csf]{lt/ kmf}hL xdnf Ps} c+ssf] lx;fa lgsfNg vf]h]h:t}
/ klxrfg;lxt Pscsf{df ;dfj]z :6km] g xlsª;sf] Conlisten ;fy u¥of] . o'4sfndf k"j{sf aGb, u/]sf eP b]z oxfF k'Ug] s'/} lyP .
cfk\mg} v'§fdf pleg l;sf}+ ug]{ eGg] x'G5 . t/, Fuison sf]
;dfof]hg eg]sf] tfnd]n eGg] cy{
principle ;' ; Ët l;4fGt xf] .
cfOG;6fOgsf] Ruarran Theory n]
x8\tfn ub{Yof] eg] klZrddf 7"nf7"nf
kmf}hL Action x'Gy] . o;sf] k|:6 b]Vg
cGTodf hxfF;Dd Fusion zAbsf]
k|of]u / JofVofsf] s'/f 5, Tof] s=
g]kfndfly ef/tn] ljutb]lv ub}{ cfPsf] x:tIf]k kl5Nnf] klg nfUb5 . xfdLn] rrf{ / k|of]u dfq casf] hut\sf] cWoog gk'Ug] / ;"qa4 u/L n]Vg ;lsg] pbfx/0f j;Gtn] eg]h:t} cf–cfˆgf] :jfy{df
r/0fdf emg\ a9]/ uPsf] 5 . cfˆgf] JolQmut :jfy{ / ug{ vf]h]sf] tfbfDotf (Fuion) sf] x'gfn] clglZrttf / ;fk]IftfnfO{ @)^@÷^# sf] o'4 / cfGbf]ng x'g\ . k|of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'Fb}g . a? ca
xf] . /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs If]qdf Fusion u/]/ a'‰g] Fusion sf Psflt/ /fhfsf] lg/ª\s'z zf;g / Fusion nfO{ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] lxt;Fu
;Qfk|flKtsf nflu ef/tsf] z/0f kg]x{ ¿ nfda4 ePsf Fusion eGof] eg] :jtM :ki6 5 l;4fGtsf/sf] egfO xf] . !( cf}F csf]l{ t/ pTkLl8t hgtf . 7Ls ToxL ufF;]/ x]g{' / a'‰g' tyf k|of]u ug'{
5g\ . g]kfndf hGd]/ g]kfnL g'g vfPsfx¿ cfh ef/tn] ls ToxfFsf ljljwtfnfO{ Ps¿ktfdf ztfAbLdf h;/L j:t' cWoogdf kl/j]zdf hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] h?/L 5 . ;fy} dfS;{ j fbdf
kmflnlbPsf] h"7f]k'/f]df /dfpg dl/xQ] ul//x]sf 5g\ . NofP/ ;dfhnfO{ k|ultzLn tl/sfn] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] cflj:sf/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL / /fhf;Fu lrl9Psf ju{;3+ if{sf] If]qdf Fusion sf] h;/L
hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d agfpg] tyf zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{tf rnfpg ;lsG5 . Fusion nfO{ gofF dfS;{–P+u]N; u/], To;/L g} casf] ;+ ; b\ j fbLx¿ Pscsf{ d f ldn] / Pp6f :6]k;Dd ;kmn k|of]u ul/of],
j:t'df a'‰gsf] nflu k[ys–k[ys hLjg / hutsf] cWoog Fusion /fhfnfO{ kl5 x6\g afWo t'NofP . To;/L g} afFsL qmflGtdf ug{ h?/L
lbFb} nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ / gofF g]kfn agfpg] s;d ¿kdf /x] s f] ;fdGtL ;dfhdf sf] tl/sfn] ug' { k g] { s' / f g} Tolta]nf sf7df8f}Fdf nfvf}F hgtf 5 . /, dfS;{jfb, ju{;+3if{sf] lj1fg
vfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k'us ] f k'/ftg ;f]r / ;+:s[lt af]ss ] f Pstfsf] d'Vo cfwf/ vf]h/] hf]8g\ k' 5{ . dfcf]jfbLsf] bf];f| ] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] ;8s / aflx/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] x'bF fx'bF } klg pTkfbg ;+3if{ klg x'gn
' ]
;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ ==== k'R5/ afx| jif{ 9'ªu\ f| d] f xfn] klg ==== dfgj hfltnfO{ cnu u/]/ /fhf, Philosophy sf] ;f/ xf] . sdf08df nvf}F hgtf hgo'4 hg;]gf ca cy{zf:q / /fhgLltdf klg
dxf/fhfsf] zf;g alnof] agfpg] dfS;{ j fbsf ;+ 3 6s cËx¿df / hgtfdf xf};nf hfUbYof] eg] Fusion sf] k| o f] u cfhsf]
eGg] pvfg rl/tfy{ ub}{ k'gM cfˆgf] c;nL ¿k b]vfpg ?9LjfbL bz{gn] pgLx¿sf] cf–cfˆgf] Fusion sf] tl/sfn] eP ug]{ / hg;] g fsf] kmf} h L sf/jfxLn] cfjZostf aGg uPsf] 5 . Fusion
nflu/x]sf 5g\ . va/bf/, g]kfnL hgtfn] b; jif{ hgo'4 / ;Tj arfO/fVg l;sfpF5 . ToxL 7fpFdf hLjgdf nfu" ug'k{ g]{ lgisif{ lgsfn]/ hgcfGbf]ngdf pT;fx / lgeL{stf k}bf sf k|flwsf/L / ;fdfGotM ;a}sf
!( lbg cxf]/fq cfGbf]ng u/]/ :yflkt u/]sf] nf]stGqdfly ;a}nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf hf]8o\ f] eg] k'/fgf] dfcf]jfbLn] ;j{k|yd ju{;+3if{df u/fPsf] lyof] . kl/0ffdtM /fhfn] kl5 7]s]bf/Lx¿n] hf]8 lbg] ljifo oxL
;Tj ;dfKt x'G5 / gofF kl/0f ;Tj Fusion sf] k|of]u u¥of] . ju{;+3if{ x6\g}k¥of], oBlk ToxfF wf]sf lbg xf] . o;df hËaxfb'/ / uf}tda'4 /
v]naf8 ug]x{ ¿ . hgtf ca ltdLx¿sf] gf}6ÍLdf /dfpg] / hlGdG5 lsgeg] ;TjnfO{ 36gfqmdn] vf;u/L qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ casf] vf]lhPsf] lyof] . cfWofTdjfb / ef}ltsjfbaLrsf]
ljZjf; ug]{ kIfdf 5}gg\ . hgtfnfO{ cfˆgf] ePsf] k|ltkmn abNg] lj1fgsf] lgod xf] . b' l gofF d f / ljz] i fu/L g] k fndf ˆo'hgsf] of]eGbf ;'Gb/ k|of]u / Fusion ug{ ;lsG5 eg] klg
rflxPsf] 5, Tof] xf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg . csf]{ s'/f Fusion eg]sf] cnu– n] l ggjfb / dfcf] j fbL cyf{ t \ JofVof s] x'g ;S5 < olb qmflGtsf/L ts{;lxt / 7f]; of]hgfdf cfpg'k5{ .
cnu j:t'nfO{ hf]8]/ cWoog ug]{ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4df ;z:q ;+3if{sf] -dfn]dfjfbLx¿_ n] dfq} /fhtGq qmdzM ======
;Qf k|flKtsf nflu xf/fn'5 ug]{ tyf ef/tsf] z/0fdf
k'Ug] / kl/cfP cfˆg} dft[el" d a]Rg kl5 gkg]{ bn tyf
g]tfx¿ hgtfn] ca ;a} a'lem;s]sf 5g\, To;}n] ef/tsf]
u'nfdL ug{ 5fl8b]p / h;n] ltdLnfO{ cfˆgf] cd"No dt
sd/]8 dbg e08f/L sf] lyP /] ¤ eGg] lbg gcfcf];\ ¤
o' j /fh af:sf] 6 f ;dokl5 olQsf sfo{stf{sf] Ps} ;/bf/ ku/L u'Yb} c;xdt kIfnfO{ dxflwj]zgåf/f g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
lbP/ To; prfOdf k'¥ofOlbPsf] 5, ltg} hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL
of] 36gf lrlqt ;Gbe{ xf]– g]skf 7fpFdf hd36 kfPsf] eP/ xf]nf Û 8fDg ;'? ug{e' of] . 5 tftut eg] ;Gbe{df dfS;{jfbsf] gjLggtf af]ss ] f]
xf]pm . b]z / hgtfnfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ k|fKt u/]sf] zlQm / Pdfn] sf7df8f{}+ lhNnf ;+u7g sld6Ln] sd/]8 /fh]Gb| >]i7n] lgs} ;do csf]{ dxflwj]zgdf cfpg'xf];\ g]tT[ j l;h{gfTds / g]kfnL hghLjgsf]
;QfnfO{ s;}n] xNnfpg ;Sb}g . To;}u/L cfˆgf] b]zsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] a[xt\ /fhwfgLaf;L lng'eof] . pxfFsf] slgs'yL jStJosf] ug{]eGb} anzfnL emf]+s km]g{'eof] . Jojxfl/s k|of]u Pj+ qmflGtsf] Go"gtd
;d:of cfkm}F ;'Nemfpglt/ nfu / b]znfO{ tTsfn ;/sf/, sfo{stf{ e]nf @* >fj0f @)^& kf6L{ lgyf/–lkyf/ cfpg afFsL g} lyof] t6:ytfn] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf ;xdltsf sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf kfl/t sfo{qmd
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no dbggu/ aNv'df sd/]8 s]kL k'Ug'eof] . pb\3f]ifsn] nflu Pdfn]sf] /fhgLlts c8fg cf}lrTo hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb / o;n]
;+ljwfg / zflGt b]pm hgtfsf] ck]Iff oxL 5 . hgtf bfofF cfof]lht sfo{qmdsf] . kf6L{sf] ;DkGg ;do;"rs ;+st] ug{e ' of] . o;kl5 / ckl/xfo{tfsf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 eGg] dfu{ l gb] { z u/] s f s] x L j:t' u t
eP ltd|f] eljio ;'lglZrt 5, cGoyf eujfg\n] klg arfpg cf7f}F /fli6«o dxflwj]zgkl5 g]skf af]Ng]kfnf] sd/]8 s]kLsf] lyof] . pxfFn] afnkgsf] ts{ cl3 ;fb}{ x'gx' G' Yof] pxfF /fhgLlts hLjgsf ;fdlos ;Gbe{x?
;Sb}g eg] ltd|f ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] t s'/} gu/f}F . To;}n] /fi6« Pdfn] s f] ;+ u 7gfTds hLjgdf ;f/ule{ t ;Daf] w gkl5 kf6L{ n ] casf] r'gfjdf xfdLn] klg kf6L{nfO{ / s] x L tfTsflns ;+ u 7gfTds
3/af;b]lv lnP/ k|jf;;Ddsf ljleGg cl3;f/] s f] ;} 4 flGts, j} r fl/s o;} ug{] xf] /fd|f] lzIff l;sfof] kf6L{n] hLjg;Fu ;/f]sfl/t gLlt–ljlw;Fu d]n
/ /fli6«otfsf nflu PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ;ef;b\ lhNnfx?df PsfPs ljjfb rls{P . lgisif{x?sf] cfn]sdf pleP/ ljBdfg eGb} ;|ft] f / bz{sbL3f{af6 dflg;sf] gvfg] u/L cl3;fl/Psf sltko
/fds'df/ zdf{af6 ;a}n] kf7 l;s / j}bl] zs x:tIf]ksf] sf/0fM kf6L{leq} / kf6L{ dftxtsf Pp6} /fli6«o /fhgLlts hLjgsf 36gfqmd eL8 v:sFb} aflxl/g]qmddf lyof] . cWoIf /fhgLlts bfpk] r / 9f] + u Pj+
k|ltsf/ ub}{ cf–cfk"m ldn]/ b]znfO{ lgsf; b]pm . ltd|f ;+u7g / sld6Lleq} sfo{stf{dfem b[ Z okl/b[ Z o o;sf s] x L sd/]8n] s6fIf ub}{ sd/]8 s]kLn] cf8Da/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] /
lsQfsf6 ul/of] . zlStsf] cf8df cGt/;DalGwt ;Gbe{ x ? s] x L p7fPsf s'/fsf] k'li6÷v08g ug]{ ;Rofpg]sf aLrsf] dtdtfGt/nfO{
ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] cfzLjf{baf6 k|fKt x'g] ;Qf / zlQm s]xL Pp6} sld6L / ;+u7gfTds sfo{If]q hl6ntfx? / o;af6 kf/ kfpg l;nl;nfdf dbg e08f/L kmfp08];gsf] u'6sf ?kdf ljsf; ul/of] u/fOof]
If0fsf] nflu==== sf] Gofgf] eP klg bL3{sfnLg x'g} ;Sb}g . / sfo{z}nLsf aLrdf ;QfkIf / Pdfn]n] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsfaf/] af]Ng'eof] . af/]df af]Ng'kg]{ lyof] xf]nf s] /] Tof] cyjf ;fFrf] s] xf] / em"7f] s] xf] sf
t;y{, b]z / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'bF } tTsfn ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k| l tkIfsf] Jojxf/ cf] s lnof] . b'O–{ ltxfO{eGbf /fd|f] cj;/ kfP/ klg ;+:yfgsf] gfd eg]/ k5fl8 d'06f] aLrsf] cGt/;+3if{nfO{ u'6sf] ?kdf
kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g u/L zflGt k|sf/fGtn] oxL kIfn] g} ljjfbsf] ?kdf cfk"m ug{ s]xL g;Sg] clg cGo xNnfpg'eof] . dfgf}F Tof] s'g} gf}nf} ;+:yfg ps]/f nufpg] / zlStsf] cf8df
ljjflbt ljifo ag]/ qmdzM x's]{ a9\g] ;xofqLx?nfO{ klg s]xL ug{ glbg] h;sf] af/]df ;fdfGo klg hfgsf/L g} cfIf]k nufpg] sdhf]/ ;fljt ug{
/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0flt/ nfu of] g} ;a} /fhgLlts bn, ltgsf / df}nfpg] cj;/ kfof] . oBlk ljjfb dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f hgcfGbf]ngsf 5}g . oxfF pkl:yt g]tf sfo{stf{ k+lSt gfgfefFtLsf xs{tx? ug]{ sfd ul/of] .
g]tfsf nflu kmnbfoL x'g5 ] , To;}n] ;do 5Fb} ljrf/ k'¥ofp, ;fdfGo / c;fdfGo b'j} k|sl[ tsf lyP ;kmntfx?nfO{ ;"qa4÷;+:yfut ug{] / ;r]t cfddflg;sf] xfF;f] rf;f] cWoIf oxL jf:tljstf tn–tn;Dd
cGoyf k5'tfpg'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /xg] 5}g . cyf{ t \ ljjfbx? dxflwj] z gkl5 / hgck]lIft zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] jf0fLsf] lvNnL / pbf;Lgtf k|jfx eof] . cfOk'Ubf slyt ;+:yfkg / lj:yfkg
km]l/Psf] gLlt / g]tT[ jsf] :jefj, z}nL k"0f{tfsf nflu dfu{kz| :t ug{] jftfj/0f kf6L{ cWoIfnfO{ dbg e08f/Lsf] gfd;Fu kIf cyjf vgfn u'6 / cf]nL u'6df
/ s]xL gLlt ljlw;Fu cGt/;DalGwt cGof]nk"0f{ aGb} uO/x]sf]tkm{ nlIft ub}{ hf]l8Psf ;+:yfgsf] gfd yfxf 5}g . ?kdf ljifoj:t'nfO{ aflx/ NofOof] .
kfOn6x? kfgL a]/f]huf/
sf7df8f}F . g]kfndf nfO;]G; k|fKt kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L lbPsf]
lyP . cyjf ;fdfGo lyP . ;dfwfg
eP . s]xL ;dfwfgsf] ;§f r'lng k'u] .
/fli6«o /fhgLlts emg\–emg\ hl6ntf
lelqg lbg' gx'g] / o;f] eof] eg] /fi6«
o'ub|i6f hgg]tf dbg e08f/Lsf]
/fhgLlts hLjgsf] of]ubfgsf] ;Ddfgdf
aflx/ o;/L 55lNsg'kg]{ of] cgfjZos
cgfxs / cf}lrToxLg ahfl/of kmh'n
!*) hgf kfOn6 a]/f]huf/ ag]sf xf] . g]kfnL ljBfyL{x? kfOn6 k9\gsf cd"s JolSt cyjf ;d"xsf ;xofqLnfO{ g} sdhf]/ x'g] xf] ls vt/fsf] cfOnfUg ;~rflnt ;fdflhs ;+:yfgx?af/] 5}g . s'/fx?df aflx/L zlSt t nfUof]–nfUof] Û
5g\ . ;g\ !((@ b]lv !((% ;Dd nflu lkmlnlkG;, cd]l/sf / blIf0f dfq g]tf dfGg] g]tf lgb]l{ zt cfGtl/s ;Sg] hgfpFb} Pdfn]nfO{ lg0ff{os hgtfsf] ax' b nLo hgjfb t/ cfk"mnfO{ s'g} kIfsf] geP/ vfF6L
g]kfndf kfOn6sf] lgSs} cefj clk|msfdf kfOn6sf] tflnd lng] x:tIf] k sf sf/0f tL ljjfbx? e"ldsfdf ptfg{k' g]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . ljutdf elgPem} F ca klg Pdfn]sf] dfq ePsf] bfaL ug{] zlSt
lyof] . To;sf] 7Ls cyf{t !% jif{kl5 u5{g\ . ;f] tflnd lngsf nflu tflnd c;fdfGo aGb} uP . ;txdf cfP, csf]{ Pp6f ;Gbe{df g]tf cf]nLn] bIfk|hfkltsf] 6fpsf] xf]Og /x]g ;du| s]lGb|t larf}lnofx? / s]xL å]oefifL
eg] kfOn6x? a]/f]huf/ aGg k'u]sf cjlwe/ z}lIfs z'Ns dfq sl/j ? kf]lvP, 5tf5'Nn eP . b'ul{ Gwt ag]/ cfk"mdfly u'6sf] cf/f]k nfUg] u/] klg jfd tyf nf]stflGqs zlStx?sf] ;d]t dWodfuL{ ljåfg\ -ljå]tf k|sf08 kl08t
x'g\ . g]kfndf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;df #! nfv vr{ x'g] hfgsf/L l;ld|s uGxfP . ToxLdWo] Pp6f If]q xf]– cfk"m u'6 geP/ ;}4flGts–j}rfl/s dfu{bz{s l;4fGt xf] . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df k'/f]lxtx?n] sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k9fpg]
g}/fZotf, P/nfOG; / Po/qmfˆ6sf] P/sf dxfk|aGws of]u/fh sF8]nn] sf7df8f}F . nfdf] ;do c:tJo:tsf] /fhgLlts lbzfaf]wsf] ;RrfOsf] kIfdf ;du| ljsf; / ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] l:k|6 l;sfpg] / l;sfPcg' ? k geP
ljsf; x'g g;s]sfn] kfOn6x? lbg'eof] . g]kfndf, g]kfn ;/sf/, x" n df x/fPsf] sf7df8f} F n ] pleg] / ;RrfOsf] jsfnt ug]{ ePsfn] xf] . oxL g} jf:tljstf xf] / o;;Fu ;tfpg];Ddsf] sfd ub}{ cfP . /
a] / f] h uf/ ag] s f x' g \ . jfo' ; ] j f ko{ 6 g tyf gful/s p•og ;dofGt/ndf ljjfbnfO{ ;fDo kfg]{ o;nfO{ u'6 eg]/ ga'‰g cfu|x ub}{ ;xdt xf] eg] o;sf k|0f]tf klg sd cBf]k/fGt klg of] hdft lqmofzLn
;~rfns ;+ 3 , g] k fnsf cWoIf dGqfnonfO{ dfq xjfO;]jf ;~rfngsf] sf]l;; ub}{ cfof] / u¥of] . o;}sf] ;lrq ljrf/sf] kIfdf pleP dfq Pdfn] Pdfn] xf]Ogg\ . pxfFsf] gfd lng o;sf] >]o 5 . x'g t of] pgLx?sf] afWotf
SofK6]g /fd]Zj/ yfkfn] eGg'eof] . Ohfht k|df0f lbg] clwsf/ 5 . xfn pbfx/0f xf]– kf6L{ d'Vofnosf] k|fË0fdf x'g;S5 eGb} pxfFn] hgg]tf dbgs'df/ lbg / uf}/jsf ;fy ;Ddfg ug{] cyjf x'g;S5 Û t/ o;/L PsftkmL{ Psfw
g]kfnL kfOn6x? ;g\ !((% tfsf dGqfnon] *$ sDkgLnfO{ ljleGg ;DkGg sf7df8f}F lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{stf{ e08f/Lsf hLjgf]kof]uL ljrf/nfO{ :jLsfg]{ lsg o:tf] la/fgf]kgsf] cfefif g]tfhgsf] nf]slk|otf sdfpg] /
l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf sfd ub}{ lsl;dsf jfo';j] f ;~rfngsf] nflu e]nf . e]nfdf kf6L{ cWoIf sd/]8 / Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;~rflnt dbg e08f/L x'G5 /fhgLlts ;+:sf/ klg xf] . csf]t{ km{ j}rfl/s /fhgLlts lgi7fsf]
cfPsf lyP . pko'St ;'ljwf kfPs} nfO;]G; pknAw u/fO;s]sf] 5 . kf6L{ s f jl/i7 g] t fåo sd/] 8 k|lti7fgnfO{ ab\gfd u/]/ ef/tn] k};f ;+:sf/ aflx/ /fhgLlt uof] eg] sd/]8 v]tL ug]{ ax';V+ os sfo{stf{ k+lStnfO{
sf/0f pgLx?n] ef/tdf sfd ug]{ oBlk nfO;]G; k|fKt sDkgLdWo] #% dfwjs'df/ g]kfn / sd/]8 s]kL zdf{ vGofpF5 clg ToxfFaf6 Pp6f u'6 rN5 dbg e08f/L sf] lyP /] Û eGg] lbg ;tfpg] demwf/sf dWodfuL{x?sf]
u/]sf x'g\ . t/, ;g\ @))* b]lv k|ltzt dfq ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . cf]nLnfO{ jStfsf] ?kdf cfdlGqt eGg] ldYof xNnf g]tfx?af6} x'g] u/]sf]df gcfcf];\ eGg]lt/ d ljgd| cg'/f]w ug{ e"ldsfn] kf6L{ hLjgsf] cGt/j:t' /
;g\ @)!) ;Dd cfOk'Ubf ef/tdf To;}u/L cfGtl/s p8fgtkm{ nfO;]G; ul/Psf] va/n] dnfO{ s'Ts'Tofof] . / g]tfaf6} o;f] ePsf]df b'Mv k|s6 ub}{ rfxG5' . g]tfsf o:tf cleJolStsf ;RrfOsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{;S5 dleq
klg sl/a !) xhf/ kfOn6 kfPsfdWo] ( j6f dfq ljdfg d klg pT;' s tfn] el/Psf] ;a}nfO{ ;r]t ug{e' Psf] lyof] . o;kl5 5fn–p5fndf s]xL g s]xL uGw, b'uG{ w o; ljifosf ;DaGwdf k| T o] s
a]/f]huf/ ePsf sf/0f g]kfndf ;~rfngdf 5g\ / !* j6f x]lnsK6/ dgf]lj1fg;lxt ;docufj} k'us ] f] csf]{ jStfsf] ?kdf sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' uGxfPsf] 5}g eGg ;lsPnf t xf] uf]wn ' L;GWofn] Psla/f;tkl5 Nofpg]
kfOn6x? a]/f]huf/ aGg k'u]sf] sDkgLn] cg'dlt kfPsf]df xfn % lyPF . dfwj sd/]8 cfpg'ePg . s]kL JolSt cWoIf sd/]8sf] kfnf] cfof] pxfFn] oxLaf6 ljjfbn] ;fDo x'g] df}sf g} pHofnf] laxfgL;Fu} uDeL/ eP/ ;f]lwg]
hfgsf/L ;+3n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] j6fn] dfq p8fg eb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . sd/]8 yf]/} l9nf cfOk'Ug'eof] . nfdf] kf6L{n] cl3;f/]sf] l;4fGt / sfo{qmdsf] kfpFbg} . sfo{stf{n] klg u/f];\ s] / vf]lhg] k|Zg cg'Ql/t 5 .
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cgldgsf] cfjZostf /lx/xG5 .
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL lxtdfg zfSo ‘;'dg’, kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o– PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
) rf/ k6s dtbfg ubf{ klg cfPsf] klg ;fj{hlgs eof], lbg] sf]l;; eof] . o;n] klg k'li6 ub{5 To;sf] lj/f]w eO/x]sf] lyof] / x'g' cfjZos / h?/L klg 5 . Tof] /x]sf] !)–!% k|ltzt sfd 5, Tof] k"/f
d'ns' nfO{ k|wfgdGqL lbg ;Sg' o; ljifodf k|i6 kfl/lbg'xf];\ ls slt gfËf] 9Ën] xfd|f] l5d]sL d'ns ' cbfnt;Dd klg k'Uof] t/ clxn] klg 5nkmn / ;dembf/Laf6 6'Ëo\ fpg] ljifo ug{ ;lsG5 . t/, clxn] /fi6«leq h'g
ePg, ca s;/L cufl8 a9\g' g < xfd|f] b]znfO{ u'nfd agfpg rfxG5 eGg] p;n] egf{ cleofg vf]ns ] f] 5 / xf] . hxfF;Dd cgldgnfO{ cf/f]lkt ug]{ ;/sf/ agfpg] ;jfndf clg0f{osf] aGbL
x'G5 < lglZrt ¿kn] xfd|f] b]z ha ;'uf}nL k'li6 x'G5 . xfdLn] o;sf] lj/f]w, lj/f]wkq zflGtk|lqmof ;'? x'bF fsf] ;+Vofdf l/Qm ljifo 5, of] s;}nfO{ kmfObfhgs 5}g . aGb} u/]sf] 5 . j}bl] zs zlQmx¿n] l;w}
rf/–rf/ k6s k|wfgdGqLsf] r'gfj ;lGwsf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\of], ToxL a'emfP/ u/]sf 5f}F t/ To;sf] s[lqd ePsf dfq k"lt{ ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . Tof] tYoljxLg 9Ën] cf/f]k nufpFbf s;}nfO{ x:tIf]k ug],{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ klg
x'bF f klg cfjZos ax'dt k|fKt x'g ;s]g ;dob]lv g} of] cw{cf}klgj]lzs hjfkm lbP/ 6f/]sf] 5, of] ;a}n] a'em] s} Pp6f kIf xf] t/ zflGt;Demf}tfsf] d'Vo kmfObf x'bF g} . cgldgn] s;}sf] kIf cfˆgf] ljj]ssf] e/df rNg]eGbf klg
h;sf] sf/0fn] b]z clxn] sl/a–sl/a cj:yfaf6 cufl8 a9\b5 } , xfd|f] b]z s'/f xf] . kIf eg]sf] ;}Go ;jfnx¿df b'j} kIfn] lnPsf] h:tf] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g . ljb]zLx¿sf] Ozf/fdf u'nfd eP/ rNg]
;/sf/ljxLgtfsf] cj:yfdf hfFb} 5 . :jtGq 5}g . ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ) t/, tkfO{+sf] cfk\mg} kf6L{sf] gofF egf{ gug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] xf], To;nfO{ cgldgsf] cfjZostf clxn] klg 5 . sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|efjn] klg
of] x'gs ' f] k5fl8 /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ;f+:s[lts x/]s If]qdf ;fd|fHojfb cGt/lj/f] w ;/sf/ gaGg' s f] nfu" ug'k{ 5{ / kfngf ug'k{ 5{ . ;/sf/n] zflGtk|lqmof ;xL 9Ën] xn gx'bF f;Dd ;dod} ;+ljwfg aGg] ;jfndf k'gM k|Zg
;xdtLo k|0ffnLaf6 a'xdtLo k|0ffnLdf lj:tf/jfbsf] k|efj 5 / To;df klg sf/0f xf] elgG5 lg < Ps kIfLo 9Ën] zflGt;Demf}tfnfO{ cgldgsf] cfjZostf /lx/xG5 . p7]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] dgdl:tisdf h'g
hfg] lg0f{o u/] . vf;u/L sfFu;] | , Pdfn]n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] x:tIf]k xfdLn] of] ;To xf]Og . xfd|f] kf6L{leq ljjfb pNn+3g ub}{ egf{ cleofg a9fpF5 eg] ) tkfO{ + ;ef;b\ ; d] t ePsf] k|Zgx¿ pl7/x]sf 5g\, Tof] k|Zg ;a}sf]
h'g lg0f{osf] kIf lnP, To;sf] kl/0ffd ef]Ub} cfPsf 5f}F / Tof] x:tIf]ksf] kl/df0f eP/ ;/sf/ aGg] ljifo cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] klg egf{ ug{ kfpg'k5{ gftfn] , ca yk ePsf] dgdl:tisdf p7\g' :jefljs xf] .
clxn] xfdL ef]Ub}5f}F . t;y{, o; ljifodf clxn] emg\ a9\b} uPsf] cg'el" t xfdLnfO{ ;fFrf] xf]Og . ;fFrf] s'/f s] xf] eg] æxfdL / Tof] dfGotf b'jn} fO{ x'gk' 5{ . clxn] @– ;doleq ;+ljwfg aG5 eGg]df /fhgLlts kf6L{ x ¿sf] aLrdf
;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{n] uDeL/ 9Ën] ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ qmddf klg dfS;{jfb dfG5f}F dfS;{jfb eg]sf] åGåsf] $ xhf/ ;]gf vfnL x'bF d} f b]zdf ;+s6 ljZj:t x'g'x'G5 < :jtGqtfk"js { lg0f{osf] ljsf; x'g] xf]
;f]Rg'k5{ . b]z clxn] ;/sf/ljxLgtfsf] o;nfO{ xfdLn] k|ToIf ef]Uof}F . b"tx¿ cfP/ ljZn]if0f ug],{ ;+3if{nfO{ dfGotf lbg], bz{g cfpg] xf]Og, of] lgx'F vf]Hg] sfd dfq xf] ;ef;b\sf] gftfn] o;sf] hjfkm eg] ;dod} ;+ljwfg aG5 . ;+ljwfg /fd|f]
cj:yfdf k'Ug', clg0f{osf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ e]6g\ ,] xf] . x/]s j:t'df cGt/lj/f]w x'G5, / zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ eË ug]{ sf]l;; xf] . lbg'kbf{ cK7\of/f] dx;'; x'G5, lsgls aG5, xfd|f] aG5 / hgtfsf] aG5 eGg]df
k'Ug'sf] kl/l:yltn] b]ze} l/ cGof]ntfsf] 3/3/ rfxfg],{ bafa lbg] / JolQm– ljk/Lt tTjx¿ x'G5, To;}sf] sf/0f xfdL rfxG5f}–F b'j} ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg xf];,\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ b'O{ jif{ ;do tf]lsPsf] ljZj:t x'g ;lsG5 .
l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4 JolQmnfO{ e]6L bafa lbg] / /fhgLlts ljsf; / ljgfz b'j} x'G5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gf agf];\ / km]l/ of] b]z åGådf lyof] . t/, Tof] ;Dej ePg . ;+;f/el/sf ) cGTodf o; If] K of:q
/ hgcfGbf]ngsf] r/0faf6 u'lh|Psf] b]z, ;dLs/0f agfpg], eTsfpg] sfddf k|ToIf xfdL :jLsf5f}+{ / ToxL lx;fan] kf6L{leq hfg' gk/f];\ . zflGtk|lqmofaf6 b]zsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ hxfF ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ ;fKtflxsdfkm{t\ yk s]xL eGg
gofF 9Ëaf6 cl3 a9\gk' g]d{ f clxn] k'gM ;+nUg x'g] / s7\kt' nL ;/sf/nfO{ klg cGt/lj/f]w ;w}F eO/xG5g\, km/s pGglt, k|ult ug{ kfOof];\ eGg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ sf]l;; ul/of], Tof] rfxg'x'G5 <
cGof]ntfsf] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf]n] hgtfnfO{ hLjGttf lbg vf]Hg] tyf Pp6f s7\kt' nL olt xf] slxn] ;'if'Kt cj:yfdf x'G5g\, cfdhgtfsf] rfxgfnfO{ s'7f/f3ft ub}{ x]bf{ ljleGg ;do / qmddf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f æb]z w]/} g} ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfaf6
g}/fZotf k}bf u/fPsf] 5 . oL ;a} ;/sf/ ab\gfd ePkl5 csf]{ s7\kt' nL slxn] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf x'G5g\ eg] slxn] km]l/ of] b]znfO{ åGådf nfg] sf]l;; ePsf] b]lvG5 . xfd|} l5d]sL d'ns ' cufl8 a9\b5 } . Pp6f cGof]ntfk"0f{
kl/l:yltnfO{ Vofn ub}{ ;a} /fhgLlts ;/sf/ u7g ug{ sf]l;; ug]{ of] tLj|t/ 9Ën] cufl8 a9\5g\, of] dfGotf hgtfnfO{ :jLsfo{ 5}g, of] hgtfaf6 ef/tdf klg sl/a $–% jif{ nufP/ l:yltaf6 cufl8 a9\b5 } . ldl8ofleq
kf6L{x¿n] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'k5{ . of] ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbLsf] k'/fgf] v]n xfdLn] dfGb} cfPsf] dfGotf xf] . o;/L gflËg] sfd dfq xf] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . xfdLn] b'Oj{ 6f ;f]r 5 . Pp6f ;f]r æof]
clg0f{osf] aGbLnfO{ k'msfpg'k5{ . xf] / Tof] k'/fgf] v]ndf clxn] klg xfd|f] x]bf{ clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{leq klg s]xL ) g] k fnL ;] g fnfO{ sfF u | ] ; , xfd|f] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf b'O{ jif{leq /fi6« l eq sfd ug] { dflg;n]
/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿df k'gM Ps ;dembf/L l5d]sL d'ns ' ef/tsf zf;sx¿ ToxL ;d:ofx¿ k}bf ePsf 5g\ . ju{;3+ if{sf] Pdfn] n ufotsf bnn] k] j f ;S5f}F egL ;do tf]Sof}F / ;SYof}F klg . :jtGqtfk"js { b]zsf] pGglt k|ultsf
ljsf; u/]/ cufl8 a9] of] ;d:ofsf] 9Ën] ;f]lr/x]sf 5g\, Tof] b'Mvb kIf xf] . ljsf; ;Fu;Fu} cyf{t\ ju{;+3if{sf] 7fGg] , hgd' l Qm ;] g fnfO{ xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efleq w]/} d]xg] tsf ;fy lglDt sfd ug'k{ 5{ eGg] ;f]r 5Æ
;dfwfg x'G5 . ef/tn] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf kl/jt{g ;Fu;Fu} cGt/;+3if{df klg Tof] dfcf] j fbLsf] dfq 7fGg] sfd klg u/]sf xf},F x/]s ;ldltdf csf]l{ t/ s]xL ldl8ofsf dflg;x¿ æof]
) tkfO{ + s f] kf6L{ n ] ef/tLo x:tIf]k ug]{ h'g sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5, k|efjx¿ kg]{ ub{5 . Tof] pRr, dWod / dfgl;stfaf6 dfly gp7];Dd 5nkmn / ax; klg u¥of},F sl/a–sl/a b]z cem} efF8e}nf]df hfcf];,\ cl:y/tf
x:tIf]ksf sf/0f ;/sf/ u7g To;nfO{ ;Rofpg'k5{ / xfd|f] b]znfO{ ;fdfGo x'g] ub{5 . clxn] xfdL dxfg\ zflGtk|lqmof tfls{s lgisif{df gAa] k|ltzt sfd xfdLn] 6'ËofO{ klg k}bf xf];,\ To;}sf lglDt ljifoj:t'x¿
x'g ;s]g eGb} cfPsf] 5 / :jtGqtfk"js { cufl8 a9\g] jftfj/0f hgo'4sf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\b} k'Unf t < ;s]sf 5f}F . To;sf/0f ;ef;b\sf] gftfn] vf]hLgLlt ub}{ cGt/lj/f]wx¿ a9fO/fVg
tkfO{ + s f kf6L{ s f ;ef;b\ n fO{ lbg'k5{ . xfd|f] ;ef;b\nfO{ h;/L zflGtk|lqmofdf k|j]z ubf{ g]kfnL lxhf] xfdLn] cfdg]–;fdg] n8fOF n8]s} eGg'kbf{ xfdLn] ldlxg]t gu/]sf kSs} kfOof];\ eGg] ;f]rdf 5g\ . of] ljk/Lt
ef/tLo b" t fjf;af6 wDsL k|ToIf¿kdf ef/tLo b"tfjf;af6 wDsL qmflGtnfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] ;jfndf xf] . of] ju{åGåsf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] n8fOF xf]Og . xfdLn] /fd|f] ldlxg]t u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;f]r ePsf] cj:yfdf of] b]znfO{ dfof
kf6L{leq 5nkmn, ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . 5]8o\ f}F ;+3if{ u¥of},F of] ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} lgdf{0f ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sf 5f}F . t/, ug]{ /fli6«o :jfledfg /fVg rfxg]
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] x:tIf]k xfdLn] ef]Ub} cfPsf 5f}F / Tof] t/, ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ ;jfndf xfd|f] ljifo xf] . t/, clxn]sf] rfxgf / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] ;f]rfOx¿sf] cGt/n] ldl8ofx¿n] of] b]zsf] af/]df uDeL/
kf6L{leq s'g} ljjfb 5}g . kf6L{sf] cfjZostf eg]sf] b'j} ;]gfnfO{ Ps u/L ubf{ s]xL /fhgLlts ljifox¿df ;xdlt eP/ ;f]Rg'k5{ . h;sf] ;f]rfOdf bl/b|tf
x:tIf]ksf] kl/df0f clxn] emg\ a9\b} uPsf] cg'el" t xfdLnfO{ cflwsfl/s a}7sx¿df h'g lg0f{o ePsf /fli6«o ;]gf agfpg' g} xf] . b'j} ;]gfnfO{ aGg ;s]g / ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g a9]/ uO/x]sf] 5, :jfledfgL ;f]rx¿df
ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ qmddf klg o;nfO{ xfdLn] 5g\, tL ;a}df Pstf / ;xdlt 5 . ;dfof] h g u/L hgtfsf] ;] g f eg] csf]{ kIf ;/sf/sf sfdsf/jfxLdf lvof nfUb} uO/x]sf] 5 . pxfFx¿n] klg
) tkfO{+n] kf6L{leq ljjfb 5}g agfpg'k5{ . oxL dfGotfnfO{ nfu" ug{ klg ljjfb x'g,] emu8f x'g,] ;+3if{ x'g] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'k5{, of] /fi6«sf] lglDt
k|ToIf ef]Uof}F . b"tx¿ cfP/ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ eGg'eof] t/ ;~rf/ dfWoddf xfdL tof/ 5f}F . clxn]sf] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k|lqmof klg aGof] . h;sf sf/0f ;dodf Pp6f /fli6«o efjgf / b]zelQmk"0f{
e]6g\ ,] 3/3/ rfxfg],{ bafa lbg] / JolQm–JolQmnfO{ e]6L 5/k:6 wf/0ffx¿ ;fj{ h lgs ;fFRr} g]kfnLx¿sf] ;]gf agfpg'k5{ . ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g . of] xfdL ;a}n] efjgfsf] ;fy of] b]zsf] pGglt /
eO/x]sf 5g\ lg < ;]gfleq nf]stfGqLs/0f ub}{ hfg'k5{ eGg] cg'el" t ul/;s]sf] ljifo xf] . ;fFRr} k|ultnfO{ ;f]Rg ;Sg] ldl8ofsf] clxn]
bafa lbg] / /fhgLlts ;dLs/0f agfpg], eTsfpg] sfddf xfd|f s]xL s'/fnfO{ ldl8ofn] dfGotf /fVg'k5{ cGoyf ;a}sf] nflu /fhgLlts ;xdlt /fd|f] aGg] xf] eg] h?/L 5 . b]z / hgtfsf] nflu ;a}
k|ToIf ;+nUg x'g] / s7\kt' nL ;/sf/nfO{ hLjGttf lbg vf]Hg] clt/l~ht tj/n] k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{ sf]l;; b'ef{Uo x'g hfG5 . To;}n] g]kfnL ;]gf / ca ;+ljwfg agfpg Ps dlxgf ;do uDeL/ eP/ cufl8 a9f}F oxL eGg
tyf Pp6f s7\kt' nL ;/sf/ ab\gfd ePkl5 csf]{ s7\kt' nL ul//x]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ s'g} tTjaf6 hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ cnu–cnu g/fvL b'j} eP k'U5 . Ps dlxgfleq h'g afFsL rfxG5' .
;~rflnt ldl8ofx¿sf] p2]Zo xfd|f] ;]gfnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fvL /fli6«o ;]gf
;/sf/ u7g ug{ sf]l;; ug]{ of] ;fd|fHojfbL / lj:tf/jfbLsf] kf6L{nfO{ k'm6fpg] / sdhf]/ agfpg] 5 agfpg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] . dxfg\ hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngsf] r/0faf6 u'lh|Psf]
k'/fgf] v]n xf] / Tof] k'/fgf] v]ndf clxn] klg xfd|f] l5d]sL eg] csf]l{ t/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx¿n] ) ;] g f ;dfof] h gdf ;xof] u
af]Ng] qmddf ePsf sdLsdhf]/Lsf sf/0f k' ¥ ofpg cfPsf] cgldgnfO{ b]z, gof“ 9·af6 cl3 a9\gk' g]d { f clxn] k'gM
d'ns ' ef/tsf zf;sx¿ ToxL 9Ën] ;f]lr/x]sf 5g\, Tof] klg s]xL ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . t/, tL dfcf] j fbLsf] kIf lnof] eGb} cGof]ntfsf] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf]n] hgtfnfO{ g}/fZotf
b'Mvb kIf xf] . cflwsfl/s ljifo xf]Ogg\ . d'Vo ljifo Dofb yk gug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf]
kf6L{sf] lg0f{o k|lqmof xf] To;df xfd|f] s'g} 5 elgG5, o; ljifodf s] k}bf u/fPsf] 5 .
ljjfb 5}g . aflx/ af]lnPsf] ljifon] eGg'x'G5 <
xfd|f s]xL s'/fnfO{ ldl8ofn] clt/l~ht tj/n] k|rf/– kf6L{nfO{ vf;} c;/ k'¥ofpFbg} . cgldg ;+oQ' m /fi6«;3+ sf] dftxtsf]
) g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gf ;femf ;+:yf xf] . To;}n] dWo:ystf{sf]
k|;f/ ug]{ sf]l;; ul//x]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ s'g} b'jn } ] egf{ vf]ns ] f 5g\, o;n] ¿kdf xfdLnufot tTsfnLg ;ft kf6L{n] clxn] xfdL dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8
tTjaf6 ;~rflnt ldl8ofx¿sf] p2]Zo xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ c;/ k'¥ofpFbg} :jLsf/ u/]sf xf}F . o'4sfndf /x]sf] kf6L{ a9\b} zflGtk|lqmofdf k|j]z ubf{ g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{
/ < / ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿sf] aLrdf ;dembf/L
k'm6fpg] / sdhf]/ agfpg] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ xfd|f] xf], o;n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ c;/ eP/ g} cgldgnfO{ xfdLn] leq\ofPsf s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] ;jfndf kf6L{leq
kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx¿n] af]Ng] qmddf ePsf k'¥ofpg] eP/ g} 5nkmn / ax;x¿ xf}F . cgldgsf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df xfdL 5nkmn, ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . t/, ;/sf/ u7g
eO/x]sf 5g\, zflGtk|lqmofdf cfpFbf 5nkmn, ax; ug{ ;S5f}F, p;sf
sdLsdhf]/Lsf sf/0f klg s]xL ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . t/, ePsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;a}n] kfngf / sdLsdhf]/L x'g ;S5g\ / xfdLn] klg
ug]{ ;jfndf xfd|f] kf6L{leq s'g} ljjfb 5}g .
tL cflwsfl/s ljifo xf]Ogg\ . d'Vo ljifo kf6L{sf] sfof{Gjog ug'k{ 5{ . clxn] ;/sf/L ;]gfsf] cgldg;Fusf] Jojxf/df sdLsdhf]/L kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s a}7sx?df h'g lg0f{o ePsf
tkm{af6 h'g etL{ cleofg eO/x]sf] 5, u/]sf x'g ;S5f},F To;sf] plrt ;dLIff 5g\, tL ;a}df Pstf / ;xdlt 5 .
lg0f{o k|lqmof xf] To;df xfd|f] s'g} ljjfb 5}g .
ˆ4
;fdflhs ;+/rgf / 3/]n' lx+;f
3/] n ' lx+ ; f eGg] l alQs}
3/kl/jf/af6 x'g] lx+;f eGg] a'lemG5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df clwsf+z g]kfnL
dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt bogLo 5 .
pgLx¿n] lagfsf/0f s'6kL6, dfgl;s
b'Jo{jxf/b]lv lnP/ ljleGg lsl;dsf
7"nf–7"nf lx+;f;d]t kl/jf/ leqaf6
g} ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] x'G5 . r]tgfsf] cefj
tyf kfl/jfl/s s';:+ sf/sf] sf/0fn]
ubf{ dlxnfdfly 3/]n' lx+;f ePsf]
b]lvG5 . To; lsl;dsf lx+;fx¿
kl/jf/leq} u' k r' k /fVg] k| o f;
ul/G5 . kfl/jfl/s OHhtsf] sf/0f
/ dlxnfsf] ;xg] k|jl[ Qsf sf/0fn] xf]nf
tL lx+;fsf va/x¿ aflx/ sd
cfpF5g\ . t/ tL lx+;fn] dlxnfsf]
hLjgdf cToGt} kL8f lbO/x]sf] x'G5 .
Tof] kL8fn] dlxnfdfq xf]Og p;sf
afnaRrfnfO{ ;d]t k"0f{¿kn] kLl8t
t'NofPsf] x'G5 . To;sf] c;/n] xfd|f]
kl/jf/, ;dfh x'bF } /fi6«nfO{ ;d]t Iflt
k'¥ofPsf] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf rfx]
u|fdL0f ;dfhsf xf]pmg\, rfx] zx/L
;dfhsf, rfx] u/La ;dfhsf, rfx]
;De|fGt kl/jf/sf dlxnf xf]pmg\, tL
hf];s ' } dlxnf klg clwsf+z ¿kdf
3/]n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ .
clxn] klg k/Dk/fut cGwljZjf;af6
pTkGg lx+;f h:t}, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf
s}of}+ dlxnfx¿nfO{ s'6kL6 ug],{ lb;f
v'jfpg] h:tf cdfgjLo oftgf
lbg]b]lv lnP/ xTof;d]t u/]sf
;dfrf/x¿ gcfPsf] xf]Og .
xfd|f] ;dfhdf 3/]n' lx+;f x'gsf
km]jftfn arfpg dfl;s Ps xhf/
kf]v/f . ko{6sLo gu/L kf]v/fsf]
km]jftfn arfpg] gfddf v'ns ] f bh{gf}+
;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{
r'gf}tL lbFb} Ps xf]6n Joj;foLn]
dfl;s Ps xhf/ ¿k} o fF n] a L
a'emfpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . kf]v/fsf]
d'Vo cfsif{0f km]jftfn lbgk|ltlbg
k|b"lift / cltqmldt aGb} uPsf]df
lrGtf JoSt ub}{ n]s;fO8l:yt xf]6n
PaL;Lsf ;~rfns xl/s[i0f kxf/Ln]
tfn ;+ / If0fsf nflu n] a L lbg]
:j]lR5s 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . pgn]
;fpg ! b]lv dfl;s ! xhf/sf b/n]
! jif{sf] Psd'i6 !@ xhf/ ¿k}ofF
klZrdf~rn xf]6n ;+3df a'emfPsf]
atfP . of] /sd ljZj ljsf; a}+s
a}bfd zfvfsf] km]jftfn ;+/If0f
sf]ifsf] vftfdf hDdf ePsf] ;+3n]
ufOhfqfdf uNnL ofqf
k| T o] s aif{ ufOhfqfsf] lbg
eQmk'/df s/La 8]9 nfv dflg;
hfqf canf] s gsf] nflu cfpg]
ub{5g\ . o; lbg e'OFdf v'§f /fVg
gx'g] u/L eL8 x'G5 . oxL eL8af6
hf]lugsf] nflu eg] uNnLaf6 hfqf
x]g{ pko'Qm x'G5 . uNnLx?df lab]zL
ko{6sx?sf] cfjfudg a9] kl5
eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] b}lgs tLg
k6s uNnL ;kmf ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
o;sf] kmn :j?k eQmk'/ ;x/
g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf ;kmf ;x/sf] ?kdf
lrlqt 5 . ;kmf ;x/sf] klxrfg kfP
kl5 :jb]zL ko{6sx? klg oxFf
uNnLx?df lx8\8n ' ug{ nfnflut 5g\ .
uNnL uNnLdf cf/fdsf] nflu kf6L kf}jf
k'glgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . tL kf6Lx?
;kmf /fVg eg] h'Qf nfP/ a:g lgif]w
ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF clwsf+; kf6LnfO{
cvjf/ x]g{] jfrfgfnosf] ?kdf kl/0ft
ePsf 5g\ . yfs]sf ko{6s kf6Lx?df
a;]/ klqsf x]//] /dfp5g\ .
ufOhfqf cfpg Ps dlxgf cl3
b]lvg} sn sflGtk'/sf ;'/h l;x
7s' / Ln] eQmk' / af6 kmf] g ug] {
bz{sx?;Fu oxfFsf] ;/;kmfO{sf]
af/]df ;f]Wb} cfPsf 5g\ . sfo{qmd
zf/bf zdf{
sf/0fx¿ y'k}| 5g\ . of] 3/fo;L emu8f
xf] eGg] k/Dk/f sfod x'g,' dlxnfdfly
x'g] lx+;fk|lt ;dfhn] Wofg glbg',
dlxnf ePs} sf/0fn] h'g;'s} lx+;f
klg ;xg'k5{ eGg] unt dfgl;stf
sfod /xg' cflb sf/0fn] dlxnfdfly
x'g] 3/]n' lx+;f a9fpg d2t ul//x]sf]
5 . dlxnfx¿ cfly{ s ¿kn]
cfTdlge{/ jf ;Ifd x'g g;s]sf]
sf/0fn] klg dlxnf lx+;f jf 3/]n'
lx+;f k|f]T;flxt ePsf] kfOG5 . h:t}
3/kl/jf/leq lx+ ; fsf] lj/f] w
ubf{lalQs} kl/jf/af6 lgsflnP
cfkm\gf] cfo;|f]t s]xL 5}g, cfk|mgf
afnaRrf af]s]/ stf hfg] < sxfF
a:g] < h:tf ;d:of cfOnfUg]
ePsfn] lj/f]wdf plqg ;Sb}gg\ .
ljb|fx] u/]/ s] ug]{ < ef]ln uP/ ToxL
kl/jf/;Fu a;]/ hLjg u'hfg'{kg]{
afWotf dlxnfx¿df 5 To;n] ubf{
klg dlxnfx¿ h:tf];'s} lx+;f klg
ef]Ug afWo x'G5g\ . To;}n] xfd|f] kl/jf/
;dfhsf] ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg
h?/L 5 . lrGtg, ;f]rdf kl/jt{g
Nofpg cfjZos 5 . dlxnf eg]sf
bf];|f] bhf{sf gful/s x}gg\ pgLx¿
l;Ëf] dfgj x'g\ . pgn] klg /fi6« /
;dfhsf nflu k'?if;/x ;dfg
bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] r]tgf
hfu[t ug'{kb{5 . dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{
b[ l i6sf] 0 fdf kl/jt{ g x' g ' k b{ 5 .
dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf x/]s lsl;dsf
hgfPsf] 5 . jiff{ofddf a9L b]lvg]
hns'DeL emf/, ld;fOPsf gfnf /
enkfgLsf sf/0f x/]s lbg k|b"lift
/ ;fF3'/f] aGb} uPsf] km]jftfnsf]
b'b{zf b]Vg g;s]/ of] cleofg ;'?
u/]sf] x'F, pgn] eg] . kf]v/fdf xfn
/x]sf # ;o xf]6nn] dfl;s ! xhf/
dfq} lbP klg jflif{s #^ nfveGbf
a9L x'g] / o;n] tfn ;+/If0fdf 7"nf]
;kmntf ldNg] pgn] atfP . tfnsf]
l8ndf xf] 6 n, /] : 6' / fF , 6« f en,
6«]lsªnufotsf Joj;fo ;~rfng
ug]{ / /fd|f] n'uf nufpg]x¿ y'k}| 5g\,
pgn] eg], ;a}n] tfnsf] gfddf
:j]lR5s ;xof]u ug{k5{ . kf]v/fdf
$ ;oeGbf a9L xf]6n ;~rflnt
5g\ . kfFr bh{geGbf a9L /]:6'/fF,
;f]xL ;+Vofdf 6«fen Ph]G;L / &)
dfkm{t pgn] bz{sx?nfO{ k'm;{bdf
eQmk'/ 3'Dg ;'emfa lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .
ebf} ( ut] x'g] hfqfdf eg] ;x/sf]
laif]z /f}gs x'G5 . ebf} !^ ut] ;Dd
ufOhfqfsf cGo ultlalw klg x'g]
ub{5 . oxfFsf x/]s uNnLdf cf
cfkm\ g } laz] i ftfx? /x] s f 5g\ .
uNnLx?sf] klxrfg u/]/ Aoa;fo ug{
rfxg]x?sf] nflu ufOhfqf /fd|f] ca;/
xf] . a9L hg3gTj ePsf] o; ;x/df
s'g} klg Aoa;fo ug{ jf ahf/Ls/0f
ug{ ;lhnf] x'b} cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf]
;dodf oxfF kf6gdf km:6fPsf]
9nf}6sf d'lt{x? agfpg] pBf]u v'Ng
yfn]sf 5g\ . uf]df/L / of5] hf]8\g]
l;ltv' uNnLsf] kl5Nnf] klxrfg af}4
d'l{t{snf aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
ptf eQmk' / sf] OR5' uNnL,
x:tsnfsf pTkfbsx?sf] kof{o
ag]sf] 5 . ToxfF sf7af6 ag]sf
;fdfu|L, wfuf]af6 ag]sf snfx?
vl/blalqm dfq x'bg} , snfsf/ cfkm}n]
cfkm\gf] snf k|ToIf k|bz{g ul//x]sf]
b]Vg ;lsG5 . of] 7fpF eGbf cln
tn s'Dx 6f]ndf df6f]sf ef8fs'8f
dfq aGg] u/]sf]df, clxn] cfw'lgs
k':tfn] y/L y/Lsf df6f]sf lukm\6
lx+;fsf lj?4df ;dfh / /fHosf]
Wofg cfs[i6 gePsf] klg x}g, lx+;f
lgjf/0fsf nflu /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o
:t/af6 k|of; x'Fb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf klg dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf]
gf/f grls{Psf] x}g t/ gf/fsf] p2]Zo
Tolt pknlAwd"ns x'g g;s]sf] xf] .
dlxnf lx+ ; flj?4sf] cfjfh
hf] 8 bf/¿kdf aflx/ cfpg] t/
Jojxf/df kl/jt{g x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf
cyjf kLl8t dlxnfsf] cfjfh a'nGb
x'g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf cem}+ klg sfod
5 . To:tf kLl8t dlxnfsf] gfd a]r/]
s}of}+ JolQm df]6fO/x]sf klg 5g\ .
ltgsf] kL8f k6s–k6s sf]6o\ fpg] t/
;dfwfg of Gofosf] kxn gul/lbg]
k|jl[ Q klg /x]sf] 5 . h;af6 kLl8t
dlxnfsf] ;d:of emg\ hl6n aGb}
hfG5 . 3/]n' lx+;f Go"gLs/0f jf ;dfKt
kfg{ o;sf] tx;Dd k'Ug h?/L 5 .
cGoyf of] gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt x'g5 ] .
3/]n' lx+;flj?4 olt 7"nf] cfjfh
p7fpFbf p7fpFb} klg lsg 3/]n' lx+;fsf
36gfx¿ rfx]hlt sd x'g ;s]sf
5}gg\ < of] k|Zg uDeL/ 5 . gf/f /
xf]xNnf u/]/ 3/]n' lx+;f Go"gLs/0fnfO{
s]xL ;xof]u k'Unf t/ jf:tljs ¿kdf
o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsb}g . clxn]
ljleGg PghLcf], cfOPghLcf]x¿n]
ToxL sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{
Psflt/ 3/]n' lx+;f cGTosf] gfddf
s/f}8f}+ ¿k}ofF vr{ eO/x]sf] 5, s]xL
j6f 6«l] sª Ph]G;L 5g\ . km]jftfn
k'gk|b{ i" f0f ug{ d'Vo e"ldsf v]Ng] vx/]
vf]nf, xk{ vf]nfnufotdf r]s 8\ofd
agfpg'kg{] / tfndf l;w} ld;fOPsf
gfnfnufot ;]tL gx/nfO{ 8fOe6{
ug{'kg]{ ;'emfj kxf/Lsf] 5 . @)!&
;fndf ( ;o *$ x]S6/ If]qkmndf
km}lnPsf] km]jftfn clxn] $ ;o $#
x]S6/df ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] lyof] .
sf:sL lhNnf ko{ 6 g ljsf;
;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L zDe' sf]O/fnfsf] kxnkl5
tfn lsgf/df kl5Nnf] k6s df6f]
x6fpg] sfo{;d]t ;'? ul/Fbf If]qkmn
a9\ g yfn] s f] 5 . rf/ jif{ c l3
hfkfgL ;xof]uL ;+:yf hfOsfsf]
;xof]udf l;N6 sG;N6ofG6n] u/]sf]
cWoogcg';f/ a;]{lg ! nfv $@
cfO6dx? agfPsf 5g\ . oL ;fdfgx?
oxfF cfPsf cfuGt'sx?n] cfkm\gf]
;fyLx?sf] nflu sf];n ] Lsf] ?kdf nfg]
u/]sf 5g\ . of5]sf] gflkt uNnLdf
eg] xft v'§f ds]s { f] a]nf k/Dk/fut
k2ltaf6 pkrf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
z+v]ls/faf6 ag]sf] cf]vtL agfpg
o; k]zfdf cfa4 u'Ghdfg gflktsf]
k;ndf lab];Lx? klg cfpg] u/]sf
5g\ . gjb'uf{ uNnLdf eQmk'/sf]
klxrfg ag]sf] efbufpFn] 6f]kL a'Gg]
>] i 7x?sf] a:tL /x] s f] 5 . of]
k/Dk/fnfO{ 6]jf lbg ;Nnf3f/Lsf]
la/]Gb« ;}lgssf k'?if laBfyL{x?sf]
laBfno kf]zfsdf efbufpn] 6f]kL
klg /flvPsf] 5 . ;}lgs :s'nn]
aflif{s tLg ;o yfg 6f]kL oxfFaf6
vl/b ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
;sf]nfg uNnL dlb/f pTkfbg
ug{df k|Voft /x]sf] 5 . oxfFaf6
pTkflbt dlb/f kfFrtf/] xf]6]ndf
cfof]hgf ul/g] g]jf/L ef]hsf] nflu
;d] t vkt x' g ] u/] s f] 5 .
nfsf]nf5]df k'/fgf] k|lalwdf cfwf/Lt
cfn' e08f/ /x]sf] 5 . of] 7fpF
kfFrtn] dlGb/ eGbf Ps ;o ld6/
blIf0fdf /x]sf] 5 . kfªu|frf uNnLdf
;Lldt JolQmx¿ df]6fO/x]sf 5g\ t/
l:yltdf vf; kl/jt{g x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g .
3/] n ' lx+ ; f xfd| f ] ;fdflhs
;+/rgfsf] pkh xf] . oxfF ;fgf–7"nf,
wgL–u/La, alnof–sdhf]/, dlxnf–
k'?ifaLr x'g] lje]bsf] vf8n 5 . 7"nfn]
;fgfnfO{, alnofn] sdhf]/nfO{, wgLn]
u/LanfO{ ;tfpg] p;sf] clwsf/ g}
xf]nfh:tf] ;f]R5g\ . o; lsl;dsf]
;+/rgfnfO{ abn]/ ;dfgtfo'Qm ;dfh
gagfpFbf;Dd 3/]n' lx+;f ;dfKt
x'bF g} . 3/]n' lx+;f lgd"n
{ ug{ rfxg]x¿n]
To:tf] ;dfgtf /x]sf] /fhgLlts
Joj:yf :yfkgfsf] kIfdf klg
nfUg'k5{ . o;}u/L clxn]sf] ;dfhdf
cfly{s¿kdf dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yf
bogLo 5 . To;}n] ;DklQ nufotsf
;a} s'/fx¿df dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg
clwsf/ k|fKt gx'bF f;Dd 3/]n' lx+;f
lgd"n { x'g] xf]Og a? a9\b} hfg]5 .
To;}u/L x/]s s'/fdf k'?ifd'vL lrGtg
;dfKt gkfbf{;Dd 3/]n' lx+;f ;dfKt
x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] n}lËs, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s¿kn] k"0f{ ;dfgtfo'Qm ;dfh
:yfkgfsf] sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fP/ dfq
jf:tljs ¿kdf 3/]n' lx+;fd'Qm ;dfh
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ga'em]/
Psf]xf]/f] efif0f u/]/, lrRofP/ s]xL x'g]
5}g . To:tf] cj:yf gcfpFbf;Dd 3/]n'
lx+;flj?4 hfu/0f, dlxnf ;zlQms/0f,
lx+;f ug]n{ fO{ s8f sfg"g, 3/]n' lx+;flj?4
;+jw} flgs 1f/]G6L ug{ ;lsof] eg] 3/]n'
lx+;fnfO{ s]xL sd ug{ ;lsG5 .
xhf/ d]l6«s 6g df6f]n] tfn k'l/Fb}
uPsf]] 5 . oxL cg'kft sfod /xg]
xf] eg] ! ;o %) jif{df tfnsf]
cl:tTj ;dfKt x' g ] 5 . kf] v /f
pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf
cg';f/ @)!& b]lv clxn];Dd #*
jif{sf] aLrdf tfn %% k|ltzt
;fF3l' /Psf] 5 . @)^% ;fndf ;DkGg
;Ldf+sgcg';f/ km]jftfnsf] hnLo
If]qkmn ( xhf/ ( ;o %^ /f]kgL
cyf{t % ;o % x]S6/ 5 . t/,
kfgLsf] ;tx 36\g] / tfn k'l/g]
qmd a9] k l5 vfnL hUufdf
:yfgLon] v]tL ug{] u/]sf 5g\ .
km]jftfnsf] hDdf If]qkmn !@ xhf/
& ;o ( /f]kgL /x]sf]df @ xhf/ !
;o ! /f] k gL hUuf cltqmd0f
eO;s]sf] 5 .
3'Dg'sf] dHhf g} a]Un} 5 . kfªu|f
h:t} 3'd]sf] af6f]df lx8\bf lx8\b}
klxn]sf] 7fpFdf k'luG5 . o; uNnL
;Fu} /x]sf] h]Nnf uNnLdf lxhf] cfh
Ps bh{g bxL agfpg pBf]ux?
;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . eQmk'/nfO{ w]/}
ld7f] bxL aGg] ;x/ klg eGg] ul/Psf]
5 . o; lsl;dsf] bxL aGg ;'?
ePsf] nfnf5] uNnL eQmk'/ dWo]
efu ;'s'n9f]sf glhs} /x]sf] 5 .
uNnLx?df lab] z L ko{ 6 sx?sf]
cfjfudg a9] kl5 eQmk' /
gu/kflnsfn] b}lgs tLg k6s uNnL
;kmf ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] kmn :j?k
eQmk'/ ;x/ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf ;kmf
;x/sf] ?kdf lrlqt 5 . ;kmf
;x/sf] klxrfg kfP kl5 :jb]zL
ko{6sx? klg oxFf uNnLx?df lx8\8n '
ug{ nfnflut 5g\ . uNnL uNnLdf
cf/fdsf] nflu kf6L kf}jf k'glgdf{0f
ul/Psf 5g\ . tL kf6Lx? ;kmf /fVg
eg] h'Qf nfP/ a:g lgif]w ul/Psf]
5 . oxfF clwsf+; kf6LnfO{ cvjf/
x]g{] jfrfgfnosf] ?kdf kl/0ft ePsf
5g\ . yfs]sf ko{6s kf6Lx?df a;]/
klqsf x]/]/ /dfp5g\ .
– /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;d"x eQmk'/
@)^& ;fn ebf} ^ ut] cfOtaf/
ljlrq ;+;f/
&& jifL{of xh'/cfdfn] lhltg\ ANofsa]N6
a]nfot . a]nfotsf] g/kmf]Ns lgjf;L Pp6L && jifL{of xh'/cfdfn]
cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] k|ltof]lutfdf ;ftf}F 8g ANofsa]N6 lht]sL l5g\ . l:kl/6
sDˆof6 OG6/g]zgn h'–ltT;' gfds pSt k|ltof]lutfdf % lkm6 $ OGrsL
Pgf Kofn]6 gfds oL a"9L xh'/cfdfn] pSt k|ltof]lutf ;ftf}F ANofs a]N6 xft
kf/]sL x'g\ . ;g\ !(&( lt/ cfk"mnfO{ :j:y /fVgsf nflu s/ft] l;s]sL
lyOg\ . t/ l;Sb} ubf{ pgL s/ft] k|lzIfs g} x'g yflng\ . ;g\ !(*& df pgL
k|lzIfs r'lgPsL lyOg\ . k|lzIfs ePotf pgL x/]s ;ftf aRrf / a"9fx¿sf
nflu s/ft] l;sfpg] uly{g\ . pgsf] 3/ ;fpy j]Nzdglhssf ufpFsf OR5's
JolStx¿nfO{ pgn] lbgdf b'O{ k6s k|lzIf0f lbg] u/]sL lyOg\ . pgn] :yfgLo
:s'nsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;8s sf6g ;3fpg] uly{g\ . k|lzIf0fn] dnfO{ olt
bx|f] agfof] ls cem} klg ultnf k|xf/nfO{ d /f]Sg ;S5', pgn] k|ltof]lutf
lhlt;s]kl5 elgg\– …t/ clxn];Dd jf:tljs hLjgdf Ps k6s dfq o:tf]
snf k|of]u ug{ kfPsL 5' .Ú x'g klg Ps k6s !$ jifL{o Pp6f afnsn]
:yfgLo k;ndf tf]8kmf]8 u/]/ efUg vf]hk] l5 tL afnsnfO{ lss xfg]/
n8fOg\ . kl5 tL afnsn] dfkmL dfu]kl5 ltgnfO{ 5f]l8Psf] lyof] . ;ft
jif{sf] Tof] 36gfafx]s pgL;Fu hf]/L vf]Hg sf]xL klg cfOk'us
] f 5}gg\ .
Ojf d]l+ 8hn] cfk\mgf] ;]S; 6]k a]lrg
sf7df8f}F . xlnp8sf cleg]qLx¿ cf–cfˆgf] JolStut lhGbuLdf klg
lgs} v'nf x'G5g\ . Ojf d]+l8h o;sf] gofF pbfx/0f ag]sL l5g\ . cfjsfn
pgn] cfˆg} of}g 6]k a]r]sf] sf/0f rrf{df cfPsL l5g\ . pgn] cfkm}FnfO{
/fv]/ agfPsf] of}g 6]k lan km]l/n gfds xf:o j]a;fO6nfO{ a]r]sL l5g\ .
Ojfsf cg';f/ pgsf] ;]S; 6]k x]//] s;}nfO{ g/fd|f] klg nfUg ;S5, lsgls
o;sf s]xL b[Zox¿ lgs} pQ]hgfTds 5g\ . o;nfO{ ljz]ifu/L /flt c5\of/f]df
5fofFsg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; lel8of]df Ojfn] sd sk8f nufP/ la5\of}gfdf
kmf]6f] lvrfP/ xlnp8sf ;a}eGbf rlr{t cleg]qLx¿dWo]sL k]l/; lxN6gsf]
z}nLnfO{ cg';/0f u/]sL l5g\ .
g df5f] g s5'jf, s] xf] of] <
rLg . rLgsf Ps dfemLn] df5f dfg{ hfFbf pb]ssf] df5f df/]/ cfPsf
5g\ . t/ of] g df5f] xf] g t s5'jf . w]/}n] o;nfO{ s5'jf / 8fOgf;f]/sf]
ldl>t s'g} hgfj/ dflg/x]sf 5g\ . cfgx¿O k|fGtdf /x]sf] j]O;fg tfndf
df5f dfg{ hfFbf dfemL ;'g of]ªr]gn] klqmPsf lyP . kl5 of] s5'jfs} Ps
k|hflt ePsf] kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ of] k|hfltsf] s5'jf rLgdf gkfOg]
;dfrf/kqx¿n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . of] hfltsf] ;l/;[k pQ/L cd]l/sfdf
dfq kfOG5 . s;}n] lghL ¿kdf kfn]sf] of] hgfj/nfO{ of] tfndf 5f]8]sf]
x'g;Sg] cfz+sf :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] hfndf & s]hLsf]
of] pb]ssf] / slxNo} klxn] gb]lvPsf] hLj km]nf kfbf{ ;'?df t pgL
tl;{P . t/ kl5 hfnaf6 pDsg] k|of; ul//x]sf] b]v]kl5 pgn] To;nfO{
cGo df5feGbf cnUu} agfPsf lyP . lhlgª lkml;ª Ao'/f]sf k|jStfn] eg]–
…o;cl3 o; lsl;dsf] hgfj/ of] tfndf ge]l6Psf] x'gfn] of] pb]ssf]
hLjk|lt xfd|f] ;xfg'el" t 5 . tfndf g} o;nfO{ 5f]8b\ f o;sf] hLjg vt/fdf
x'g] ;Defjgf ePsf] x'Fbf o;sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu xfdLn] ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}F .Ú
ladfsf] nf]edf cfk\mg} uf8Ldf cfuhgL
ndxL . ladf /sd kfpg] cfzdf cfˆg} ;jf/L ;fwgdfly uf8L wgLn]
cfuhgL u/fPsf] /x:o v'ns ] f] 5 . ut @! ut] r}nfxL–# a]nbdf/df e]!h
@$% gDa/sf lsof uf8Ldfly g]kfu~h gu/kflnsf–! sf uf8L wgL dw'
bfxfnn] cfˆg} uf8L hnfpg nufPsf lyP . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ndxLsf]
lgoGq0fdf /x]sf uf8L wgL;lxt afFs] sf/sfbf]–! sf #$ jifL{o rfns
/fhs'df/ 8fFuL, h'Dnf ?3f–( sf !% jifL{o uf8L ;xfos /d]z sfsL{ /
afu]Zj/L–* afFss ] f k"jr
{ fns eStaxfb'/ a:g]t rf/hgfnfO{ cfunfuL d'2f
bfo/ u/L sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOPsf] k|x/L k|dv ' xl/bf; >]i7n]
atfP . 36gfaf/] k|x/Ln] ndxLdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ cleo'Stx¿ ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] xf] . uf8L cfuhgL ePsf] 7fpF, 36gf:ynsf] k|sl[ t / cfjZos
cg';Gwfgkl5 36gf c? s;}n] g36fO{ cfkm}F 36fPsf] :jLsf/]sf] k|x/L k|dv
' n]
atfP . uf8L k'/fgf] eO;s]sf] dd{t ug{ klg /sd ck'u ePkl5 ;jf/L wgL
cfkm}n
F ] ladf /sdsf] cfzfdf cfuf] nufpg nufPsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .
;ft M cgf}7f] ;+Vof
sf7df8f}F . ;ft lbg k"/f eP/ Ps xKtf aGb5 . ;+;f/sf] /rgf ;ft
lbgdf g} ePsf] lyof] . cflbsfndf u|xx¿sf] ;+Vof klg ;ft g} dflgGYof] .
;d'bx| ¿sf] ;+Vof klg ;ft 5 . dxfåLk klg ;ft g} 5g\ . ;ft dxf;fu/x¿
tyf dxfåLkx¿;Fu ldn]/ g} k[YjL ag]sf] 5 . OGb|wg'ifdf klg ;ft /ª x'G5
eg] ;"os { f] ls/0f klg ;Kt/ËL x'G5 . ;ËLtsf] ;'/ qmddf klg ;ft ;'/
x'G5g\ . o'gfgL kf}/fl0fs syfcg';f/ Pkf]nf]n] cf/lkmo;nfO{ h'g lj0ff lbPsf]
lyof] To;df klg ;ft g} tf/ lyof] . lu|s j0f{dfnfdf ;ft :j/ 5 . :j/
cfGtl/s oyfy{tfsf] wf/s xf] . o;}n] of] dflgG5 ls o;sf] cÍ lj1fgsf]
b[li6af6 dxTjk"0f{ k|efj 5 . cGo j:t'x¿ klg k|foM ;ftsf] qmddf Jojl:yt
ul/Psf] 5 . …n8{;\ k|o] Ú df ;ft k|fy{gfx¿ 5g\ . k'/fgf] lgod -afOansf]
efu_ df cfTdfsf] pkxf/ ;ft atfOPsf] 5– ljj]s, k|1f, pkb]z, zlSt,
1fg, O{Zj/sf] eo / ef]s . d';ndfg tLy{ofqLsf] …sfjfÚ -dlGb/_ nfO{ ;ft
kN6 kl/qmdf ug{] ub{5 . …Py]lgogÚ x/]s ;ftf}F jif{ ldgf]6/nfO{ pkxf/sf]
¿kdf ;ft gjhjfg / ;ft cljjflxt o'jtLx¿ …qm]6Ú k7fpFby] . ;+;f/sf
cfZro{ klg ;ft 5g\ . o;df ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] cfZro{ bf];f| ] ztfAbL O{zfk"js { f
5G . u|L;sf a'l4dfgLx¿sf] ;+Vof klg ;ft 5 . ;"os { f] /ydf klg ;fy hf]8L
3f]8f x'G5 . u'0fsf] ;+Vof klg ;ft g} atfOPsf] 5 . o;df– ljZjf;, cfzf,
bfg, w}o{ lju|x, Gofo / ljgo ;dfj]z 5 . kfk klg ;ft atfOPsf] 5 .
h;df– cledfg, nfnr, qmf]w, jf;gf, O{iof{, clt ef]hg tyf cfn:o ;dfj]z
5 . O{Zj/sf] cfb]zcg';f/ Oh/fonLx¿n] ha ;ftsf] ;+Vofsf] dGqåf/f xf]d
u/], To;a]nf h]l/sf gu/dfly clwsf/ hdfpg ;kmn eP . ;ftsf] ;+Vof
/x:odo zlStsf] k|tLs xf] . Ps /f]dsf] b]jLn]] ;ftj6f k|ltdfx¿sf] d's6'
wf/0ff dfGotf lyof] . k[YjLdf hLjg, d[To', ljsf; / ljgfzsf] rqm, rGb|dfsf]
cfsf/ 7"nf]–;fgf];uF ;DalGwt 5 . rGb|–rqmsf] rf/ ¿kx¿df k|To]s ¿k
;ft lbgsf] x'G5 . rf/ xKtfsf] dlxgfsf] ljwfgsf] k5fl8 oxL tYo b]lvG5 .
;ftsf] uGtL k|ltlaDasf] uGtL xf] lsgeg] of] rGb|df;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 /
rlGb|sf ;"os { f] k|sfzaf6 k|ltlalDat 5 . g]kfnsf] g]jf/L ;+:s[ltdf hª\s'
ug{] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf] 5, pd]/ k'us ] f j[4j[4fnfO{ ul/g] Ps k|sf/sf] a"9f]
kf:gL elgg] o; hªs'' ug{ && jif{ & dlxgf & lbg k'us ] f] x'gk' 5{ eg]
Hof]ltifn] ;fOtsf] ;do klg ;ft cÍ cyf{t\ hGd ;docg';f/ & 306f &
ldg]6sf] ;donfO{ k"0f{ ;fOt h'/fOg] ul/G5 .
@)^& ;fn ebf} ^ ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfndf k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg M /fli6«o :jflwgtfsf] k]lrnf] gof“ df]rf{
zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg / gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{
g]kfndf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5
t];f| ] k6s g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqL]o
lgjf{rg x'b5 } . @)^&÷$÷% ut] of]
lgjf{rgsf] k|lqmof z'? eO{ ev{/} >fj0f
@! ut] rf}yf] k6s k|wfgdGqLsf]
lgjf{rgsf nflu ;ef;bx?åf/f dtbfg
ug]{ sfd eof] . t/ kl/0ffd km]/L klg
g]kfnL hgtfn] k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . cem}
b]z cGof}ntf,csd{Gotf,cl:y/tf /
c/fhstfsf] l:yltaf6 u'h|g} kg]{
eof],of] d'ns ' sf nflu 7'nf] b'ef{Uosf]
s'/f xf] . of] g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf
klg xf]Og t/ klg Jof]xf]g{} k/]sf] 5 .
x]bf{ k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg ePtf klg
of] lgjf{rgdf /fli6«o :jflwgtfsf]
n8fO{ cem} k]lrnf],:ki6 / 3lge"t
eP/ uPsf] 5 . of] n8fO{df g]kfnL
hgtf / g]kfnL hgtfsf g]tf sfo{stf{
;a}sf cf– cfˆgf b[li6sf]0f,;f]Rg]–a'‰g]
tl/sf / x}l;ot ;8sdf ;fj{hlgs
ePsf 5g\\ / hgtfn] ca of] k|ZgnfO{
gf/f / l;4fGtdf xf]Og{ Jojxf/df :ki6
a' ‰ g kfPsf 5g\ . of]
hgo' 4 ,hgcfGbf] n g / dw] z
cfGbf]ngsf] ;fdfGo /fhg}lts pknAwL
xf] . ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j rog x'g g;s]
klg /fli6«o :jflwgtfsf] kIf /
ljkIfdf b]z w'l| js/0f eO{/xsf] 5 .
of] w| ' j Ls/0fn] jf:tljs
b]zeQm,u0ftGqjfbL / ;+l3otf kIfw/
zlQm Pj+ kl/jt{gsfdL zlQmnfO{ Ps
lsQfdf l8dfs]z { g ul/ pEofPsf] 5
eg] csf]{ lsQfdf bnfn tyf ;+l3otf
lj/f]wL Pj++ oyfl:yltjfbL zlQmx?nfO{
pEofPsf] 5 . g]kfM/fli6«o kf6L{, g]kfnL
hgtf bn / /fli6«o hgd'lQm kf6L{n]
cfkm'nfO{ b]zeQm,u0ftGqjfbL /
;+l3otfsf] kIfdf >fjg % ut] klxnf]
lbgsf] k|wfgdGqLo lgjf{rg k|lqmofd}
pEofO{ ;s]sf lyP / clxn] ;Dd
k|ltj4tfdf lg/Gt/ hf/L 5 . of]
k|jfxdf >fj0f & ut]sf] lgjf{rg
k|lqmofdf g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ ;fd]n
x'g uof] . >fjg !& ut]sf] k|wfgdGqL
lgjf{rgdf dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf
gx/fPsf] bf; k|yf
bf;tf leq hsl8osf] of] dfgj
lhGbuLnfO{ rfx]/ klg :jtGq agfpg
;ls/x]sf] 5}g dfgj hfltn] . cfk"mnfO{
:jtGqsf] kf/Ld"tL{ dfGg] dfG5] slxn]
sfxLF bf;tf ¿kL hglh/n] ubf{
cGofodf klg d'sb;{s eP/ a:bf]
/x] 5 . lhGbuLdf ef] U g' k/] s f
pTkL8gx¿nfO{ /ftdf v' N nf
cfsfzd'gLsf 6x/fx¿df a;L g;fsf]
w'gdf e'nfpg] u5{ eg] lbgx¿ g;fsf]
af]em / bf;tfsf] bflxTjsf] k'/f u/L
latfpg] u5{ g;f p;sf] rfxgf xf]Og
Tof] p;sf] afWotf xf] . g;fnfO{ p
cªuLsf/ u5{ h;n] ubf{ p;sf] kfs]sf
:jtGqtf ¿kL 3fpx¿nfO{ dnd
ldN5 . s:tf] crDd xfdLnfO{ ;+;f/af6
bf; k|yf x6\of] eg]/ eg]sf] lg w/} eof]
h:tf] nfU5 vf]O t x6]sf] < a? clxn]sf]
ljsl;t ljZjdf bf;tfn] klg ljsl;t
¿k wf/g u/]sf] h:tf] nfUb}5 . xf]
klxnf dlg;x¿nfO{ lsGg] / a]Rg]
ul/lGyof], clxn] To:tf] ul/Fbg} t/ Pp6f
dflg; lhlasf]kfh{g ug{sf] nflu s;}sf]
sfdbf/ aG5 eg] p;n] cfˆgf]
dflnsaf6 bf;sf] h:tf] Jojxf/ cjZo
dx;'; u/]sf] x'G5 lsg < lsgsL
dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ g} bf; agfpg
rfxG5, k;'sf] Jojxf/ ug{rfxG5 .
dflg;sf] nflu clwsf/x¿ gePsf klg
xf]Og t/ bf; aGg rfxg]x¿ clwsf/
lng b]vL 8/fp5g lsgsL pgLx¿n]
lhGbuLdf csf]{ sfd ug{] 7fpF kfp5'
of kfplbg -lhlasf]kfh{ ug{] af6f]_ eGg]
;f]5s] f x'G5g . xf] jf:tjdf pgLx¿sf]
;f]rfO klg 7Ls x'g ;S5 h:df pgLx¿
ax;
6]saxfb'/ a:g]t -;d/l;+x_
!! ;ef;bx?n] ˆnf] / qm;u/L
b]zeQm,u0ftGqjfbL / ;+l3otfsf]
kIfdf dtbfg ug]{ ;fx; ug]{ Tof]
sbdn] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb,To;sf
bnfn / ;+l3otf lj/f]wLx?nfO{ hf]8bf/
wSsf lbPsf] 5 / g} o;}sf] kl/0ffd
:j?k ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLsf ljz]if b't
Zofdz/0f x:ofª–km:ofª ub}{ ldrfx
k|jl[ Qsf] ;f]r / dfgl;stfdf Go'gtd
s'6gLlts dof{bf tf]8/] g]kfn cfO{
kn]6L s;]/ a;] . /fli6«o :jflwgtfsf]
k]lrnf] of] n8fO{df b]lvPsf] ljefhg
/ u'ds ] f] kxnsbdL ;Gt'ng sfod
ug{ v'Nn} / lgn{Hh 9+un] ;lqmo eP
Zofd z/0f . ef/tLo x:tIf]knfO{ wfs
wDsLåf/f y] U g] k| x zg u/]
Zofdz/0fn] . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf
;/sf/ aGg glbg / sf+ u | ] ; sf]
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ agfpg ug'{ xb
;Ddsf] k|oTg u/] k"j{ ef/tLo ljb]z
;lrj Zofdz/0fn] . xfd|f] kf6L{
Plss[ t g] = s=kf=-dfcf] j fbL_ sf
s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf ;ef;b /fd s'df/
zdf{nfO{ Hofg dfg]{ / ckx/0f ug]{
h:tf wDsL ;d]t g]kfn l:yt
ef/tLo b'tfjf;sf sfpG;Ln/ ;'at|
bf; dfkm{t wDSofpg nufO{ g]kfnsf]
ckdfg u/]/ kmls{P Zofdz/0f .
g]kfnsf k|d'v bnx? aLr haha
;xdtL h'6\g yfN5 tata ef/tLo
zf;sx?sf] g]kfnL /fhgLltdfly
rf;f] a9\g] u5{ / h'6s ] f] ;xdltnfO{
layf]Ng' ef/tLo zf;sx?sf] lgolt
aGb5 . oxL lgolt k'/f u/]/ uP
Zofdz/0f . P=g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{
gful/s kf6L{ gePsf] g] k fnsf
/fhgLlts bnx?sf] xjfnf lbP/
dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ lbg
g;lsg] s' / f u/L kmls{ P sf
Zofdz/0fn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts
kl/l:yltdf cfPsf] km]/jbnaf6
cQflnP/ ef/tLo b' t fjf;nfO{
lji0f'k|;fb zdf{
gafns aRrfx¿sf] eljio / tL a'9L
cfdsf /f]bgx¿ el/Psf x'g;S5g .
tL dflg;x¿ h;n] cfdfsf] kL8f,
cfdfn] pgLx¿sf] nflu b'O{ ;ft hf]8L
s;};uF eLs dfu]sf] b]v] / ToxL cfdfsf]
cf;' k'5g\ / tL cfdfsf cf]7x¿df
dw'/ d':sfg b]Vgsf] nflu cfˆgf] cfTdf
:jfledfgnfO{ ltnfGhnL lbP/ /
cfk"mnfO{ ToxL !* cf}F ;tflAbsf] eGbf
s]xL k]l/;lqmt bf;df kfl/0ft u/fpg
k'u] . oL bf;x¿ tL x'g hf] ljj; 5g .
ltgLx¿nfO{ s] yfxf dfgjclwsf/ s]
xf] < s;n] ug{] o:tf] dfgjclwsf/sf]
Nofpnf < s] pgLx¿sf cfdfsf kL8f,
>LdtL, aRrfx¿sf eljio
dfgjclwsf/ / pgLx¿sf] JolQmut
:jfledfgn] k'/f lg¿k0f ug{;S5 < o:t}
o:t} cg'Ql/t k|Zgx¿ 5g, h;n]
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bf;tfnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . dflg;
cfFkm}df :jfyL{ k|f0fL xf] . xf] oxL :jfy{sf]
sf/0fn] dflg;n] cfk"m sxfFaf6 cfPsf]
xf] eGg] la;{5g . oxL s/0fn] xf]nf
clxn]sf] ljZjdf bf;x¿sf] tx b]lvg
nfu]sf] 5 . Tof] Pp6f dflg; h;n]
;do kl/l:yltsf] kl/aGbdf k/]/ bf;
aGg' k/]sf] 5 p;n] klg cfk"meGbf
tnsf] dflg;nfO{ zf]ifg u/]sf] x'G5 .
p;n] cfh a'‰5 t/ klg pNnfO{ Tof]
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cfˆgf] v'zL b]Vg nfu]sf] x'G5 . cfk"m
dflnsaf6 ef]Ug' k/]sf] kL8f cfk"meGbf
tnsf] n]ansf] bf;;Fu kf]Vg] u5{ oxL
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lgb] { z gÚ lbP/ uP Zofdz/0f .
g] k fnsf /fhg} l ts zlQmx?nfO{
km' 6 fpg] / cfˆgf] x:tIf] k sf/L
k|j[ltnfO{ sfod u/L /fVg] >[Înfs}
lznlznf xf] dfn] kf6L{sf] ljefhg,of]
ljefhgn] klg ef/tLo x:tIf]k /
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/ cu|ud0fs} kIfdf cfˆgf] em08f
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eP klg cem lj:tf/ eP/ cuf8L
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5 . cToGt nHhf:kb,s'Voft /
g]kfnLx?sf] lz/ em'sfpg] ;'uf}nL
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clxn] @%! jif{ lalt;s]sf 5g\ .
cf}krfl/s cy{df :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d
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cf}klga]lzs cj:yfaf6} u'lh|Psf] 5
eGg] s'/fsf oL xhf/f} k|df0fx? g]kfnL
hgtfsf] lbdfudf clxn] tfh} 5g\ .
ef/tLo e"dLdf s'g} Great
thinker hGd] s f] eP g] k fndf
eO{/x]sf] o'uf} b]lvsf] ef/tLo x:tIf]k
ef/ts} nflu k|To'Tkfbs 5 eGg]
lgisif{df k'Ug' hlt lxts/ 5,Tolt
x:tIf]k sfod ul//fVg'df 5}g .
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtf af]n]/ jf
gaf] n ] / ;g !(%), !(^%===
nufotsf c;dfg ;GwLx? Vff/]h
u/]/ kl/jlt{t u0ftGqfTds g]kfnsf]
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g]kfnsf] c;n l5d]sL ;DaGw sfod
ug{ rfxG5 . ef/t h:tf] 7'nf] e"efu
/ hg;+Vof ePsf] d'n'sn] g]kfn
h:tf] ;fgf] e"uf]n / hg;+Vof ePsf]
d'n'sdfly x:tIf]k u/]/ c;n÷>]i7
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d'ns ' x? x:tIf]ksf/L dfgl;stf /
gLltaf6 cuf9L a9]/ Tof] prfO{ xfl;n
u/]sf xf]Og{ g\ . :j:y,;sf/fTds /
cx:tIf]ksf/L dfgl;stf / gLltaf6
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thinkerÚ zf;s ef/tLo hgtfn]
slxn] hGdfpnf <
clxn] km] / L efb| & ut] x' g ]
k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu ;s]
;Ddsf] rnv]n ug{ s]eL /fhg g]kfn
cfO{ k'u]sf 5g\ . ltgsf ultljlw
x]g{ afFsL 5, t}klg clxn] ;Ddsf
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hgtf,g]kfnsf /fhg}lts,k|fl1s Pj\+
af}l4s zlQmx? Ps xf]pg / g]kfn
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zlQmx?df km'6 / ljefhg k}bf xf]j;\
clg k] k fn sdhf] / /fi6«
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;lsG5 eGg] ;f]r / lgotL af]s/] }
cfPsf] 5 . o;y{ hj hj g]kfn Ps
x'g] 7fpF / ljGb'df cfO{ k'Ub5 tj tj
ef/tLo zf;sx? g]kfnsf] Pstf /
kl/jt{gsf] rfxFgfnfO{ ljyf]Ng g]kfnd}
ef/tLo zf;sx? cfpg] ub{5g\ .
o;}sf] lg/Gt/tf xf] s]eL /fhgsf] g]kfn
cfudg . o;y{ g]kfndf km]/L klg
cfˆgf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu
cem Jou| k|of; ug{ gofF zL/faf6
xf]Og,oyfl:yltaf6} nfuL k/]sf 5g\ .
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:jfledfgsf] /Iff ug{ Oltxf;df g]kfnL
hgtfsf] sfwFdf gofF lhDd]jf/L cfPsf]
5 . ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm,u0ftGqjfbL /
;+l3otf kIfw/ zlQm Ps xf]cf}F .
-n] v s PsLs[ t g] = s=kf=-
dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;b:o
tyf ;ef;b\ x'g'x'G5 ._
;f]rfOdf, lrGtgdf / ljrf/df bf;tf
x/fPsf] 5}g . Tolt a]nf dfq} ljZjaf6
bf;tfsf] cGTo / dfgjclws/sf] ;xL
;Ddfg x'g]5 hlta]nf ljZjaf6
u/Llasf] cGTo x'g5 ] , gofF larf/,
;f]rfO, lrGtgn] 7fpF kfpg] 5 . clg
;Dk"0f{ ljZjdf /x]sf dfgj hfltx¿,
cfˆgf] :jfledfgn] aRg] 5g, PSn]
csf{sf] cfb/ ug]{ 5g\ / dflg; ;xL
a]as
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h+uaxfb'/sf] vf]hL
/fdhL lu/L
ef/t nfdf] ;do;Dd la|l6z ;fd|fHojfbsf] u'nfd /Xof] . !($& ;fndf
ef/t :jtGq eP klg cem klg Tof] gjpklgj]zs} ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ xf]
ef/t cem klg ;fd|fHojfbL h'cfaf6 k"0f{:jtGq ePsf] 5}g . of] d]/f] ljZn]if0f
xf]Og . of] xf] ef/tsf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?sf] ljZn]if0f . lxhf] ef/tsf] ;Qf a9L
?;lt/ 9Ns]sf] lyof] eg] cfh a9L cd]l/sflt/ 9Ns]sf] 5 . lxhf] ef/tdf ?;sf]
k|efj a9L lyof] eg] cfh cd]l/sfsf] k|efj a9L 5 . h]xf];, ef/t la|l6z
;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ToIf zf;gaf6 :jtGq eP klg cem klg cw{cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf
/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] klg xf]nf ef/tsf zf;sx?sf] dgdl:tisdf ;fd|fHojfbL ;+:s[lt
/ pklgj]zjfbL lrGtgsf] ulx/f] 5fk k/]sf] 5 . lj:tf/jfbL rl/qsf] ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . ef/tn] cfk"mnfO{ sDtLdf klg blIf0f Pl;ofsf] gfOs] agfpg rfxG5 .
ef/t cfˆgf l5d]sL d'ns ' nfO{ cfˆgf] bf; agfpg rfxG5 . ef/tn] cfˆg} :jfy{sf
nflu kfls:tfgnfO{ ljefhg u/fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ns ] f] lyof] eGg] s'/f huhfx]/
5 . ef/tn] Pp6f :jtGq d'ns ' l;lSsd lgn]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f klg huhfx]/ g}
5 . olta]nf e'6fg ef/tsf] d'¶Ldf 5 eGg ;lsG5 . e'6fgsf] ljb]zL gLlt ef/tn]
g} x]b5{ . oxL eP/ g} ef/tn] e'6fgL g]kfnL z/0ffyL{nfO{ g]kfn k:g af6f] vf]lnlbG5 .
t/, g]kfnaf6 km]l/ e'6fg l5g{ lbGg . e'6fgL g]kfnL z/0ffyL{nfO{ olta]nf e'6fg
hfg] af6f] 5}g . pgLx?n] olta]nf bf; o'udf h:t} cfˆgf] kl/jf/ / cfkmGtaf6
5'l§P/ a:g'k/]sf] 5, nfvfkfvf eP/ a:g'k/]sf] 5 . sf]xL sxfF, sf]xL sxfF 5l/P/
a:g'k/]sf] 5 . ef/tn] rfx]sf] eP e'6fgL g]kfnL z/0ffyL{sf] ;d:of plxNo} g}
;dfwfg x'GYof] . >Ln+sfl;t klg ef/tsf] ;DaGw vf;} /fd|f] 5}g . klxn] ef/tn]
tldnx?nfO{ / kl5 l;+xnLx?nfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . ef/tnfO{ g6]g{] blIf0f Plzofsf]
Pp6} d'ns ' kfls:tfg xf] . c? d'ns ' Ps k|sf/n] ef/tsf u'nfdh:tf alg;s]sf
5g\ . la|l6zsf] kfnfdf g]kfn la|l6zsf] cw{cf}klgj]z ag]sf] lyof] . la|l6zn]
/f0ffx?nfO{ xftdf lnP/ g]kfndfly zf]if0f / zf;g ub{y] . ToxL eP/ g} sfn{dfS;{n]
h+uaxfb'/nfO{ la|l6z ;fd|fHojfbsf] rf}sLbf/ eg]sf lyP . h+uaxfb'/kl5 hlt
klg g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL eP, tL k|foM ;a} la|l6z ;fd|fHojfb jf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf
rf}sLbf/ eP . hf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf rf}sLbf/ x'g dfg]gg\, ltgnfO{ ef/tsf]
lj:tf/jfbL zlStn] l;w} jf 3'dfp/f] kf/fn] ;QfRo't u¥of] . g]kfn e|d0fsf] a]nfdf
pgn] ge]6L gx'g] JolSt jf zlStnfO{ klg e]6] . pgn] ge]6] klg x'g] JolSt jf
zlStnfO{ klg e]6] . t/, oyfy{ s] xf] eg] pgL dfcf]jfbLlj/f]wL zlStnfO{ e]6g\
cfPsf x'g\ . dfcf]jfbLlj/f]wL gePsf] JolSt jf zlStnfO{ klg dfcf]jfbLlj/f]wL
zlStsf ?kdf ljsl;t ug{ cfPsf x'g\ . o;}n] pgn] sltnfO{ gofF /fhgLltsf]
ufoqL–dGq ;'gfpg klg e]6] . sltnfO{ ;a}nfO{ ljgfe]befj e]6 u/]sf] 5' eGg] e|d
lbg klg e]6] . pgn] dw];jfbL bnx?nfO{ e]6g\ lsg h?/L lyof] eg] pgLx?
dfcf]jfbLlt/ cfslif{t x'g yfn]sf lyP . dw];jfbL bnn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dy{g
ugf{;fy k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú k|wfgdGqL x'g] s'/f kSsf lyof] . pgn] Pdfn]nfO{
lsg e]6] eg] p;nfO{ sfFu;]| nfO{ ef]6 xfn eGg' lyof] . /fdrGb| kf}8n] nfO{ lhtfpm
eGg'lyof] . pgn] sfFu;] | nfO{ lsg e]6] eg] pgnfO{ eGg' lyof], g]kfnsf] gofF h+uaxfb'/
x'g] ltdLx? g} xf] . pgn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lsg e]6] eg] pgn] s'g} Pp6f jf bnx?nfO{
xf]Og ;a} bnnfO{ e]6s ] f 5g\ eGg] e|d 5g{ lyof] . pgn] 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{
lsg 5'§} e]6] eg] pgnfO{ ef/tk/:t dfcf]jfbL g]tfsf ?kdf lrlqt ug{' lyof] .
csf]l{ t/ oxL e]6nfO{ lnP/ dfcf]jfbLaLrdf k'm6fpm / /fh u/sf] gLlt cg'z/0f
ug{] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLlj?4df cGt/lj/f]w / snxsf] ljifj[If /f]lklbg' lyof] . pgn]
cfn+sfl/s /fi6«kltnfO{ s] ;Gb]z lbg uf]Ko e]6 u/], Tof] kl5;Dd Pp6f /fhsf]
?kdf g} /xg]5 . elgG5, pgn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;]gfkltnfO{ klg e]6] . olb pgn]
aflx/ xNnf cfPh:t} k|wfg ;]gfklt 5qdfg l;+x u'?ªnfO{ e]6s ] } x'g\ eg] klg Tof]
cem a9L /x:odo e]6 xf] eGg ;lsG5 . o; e]6n] st} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf]
;DaGw 7"nf7"nf /fhg]tfb]lv cfdL{sf lrkm;Dd a9]sf] t 5}g eGg] z+sf, pkz+sfnfO{
hGd lbG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df Ps jif{cl3 tdnf]kfaf6 dfcf]jfbLdf cfPsf ;ef;b\
tyf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fds'df/ zdf{nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ag]sf] / dfcf]jfbLsf]
kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf] ;jfnnfO{ p7fP/ ef/tLo b"tfjf;sf Ps sd{rf/Ln] h'g
wDsLsf] efiffdf xKsfP, Tof] ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf] Pp6f gfËf] ?k xf] . of] s'g} klg
:jfledfgL g]kfnL / /fi6«sf nflu ;}Xo s'/f x'g ;Sb}g . olb s'g} klg /fi6«df s'g}
ljb]zL /fhb"tfjf;sf sd{rf/Ln] ToxfFsf g]tf ;ef;b\ jf gful/snfO{ To;/L
wDsLsf] efiffdf xKsfpg] b':;fx; ub{y] eg] To; /fi6«n] ljb]zL b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L
jf /fhb"tnfO{ ;d]t Ps ;]sG] 8 klg l9nf] gu/L a]l8ª–lj:tf/f af]s/] cfˆg} b]zdf
lkmtf{ k7fOlbGYof] . t/, ef/tLo b"tfjf;sf ;fdfGo sd{rf/L g]kfnL g]tf jf
;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t wDsfpg] w[i6tf /fVb5g\ . of] /fi6«sf nflu nHhfsf] ljifo xf] .
ef/tsf] o:tf] gfËf] / e2f x:tIf]ksf vf; sf/0f g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx?df
/x]sf] bnfnL ;+:s[lt tyf bf; dgf]jl[ Q g} xf] . g]kfndf gofF h+uaxfb'/ x'g rfxg]
w]/} g]tfx? ef/tLo zf;sx?sf] cflzif yfKg lz/ lgx'/fP/ a;]sf 5g\ . oxL
sf/0f g} ef/tLo x:tIf]k lbg b'ug' f, /ft rf}ug' f a9\b} 5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts
g]tfx?df dfcf]jfbLsf] s]lGb|o g]tf tyf ;ef;b\ /fds'df/ zdf{df h:t} /fli6«o
:jfledfg hfu[t x'g] xf] eg] xfdL ef/tLo zf;sx?sf] e2f x:tIf]ksf] ;fdgf ug{
;Sb5f}F / To;nfO{ ;lhn} k/flht ug{ ;Sb5f}F . xfdLn] lxDdt;fy eGg ;Sg'kb{5,
xfdL ef/tnfO{ c;n l5d]sL ldqsf ?kdf x]g{ rfxG5f}F . g]kfndf gofF–gofF h+uaxfb'/
hGdfpg] x:tIf]ksf/L zlSt jf k|es ' f ?kdf xf]Og .
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glbg] b':k|of;x¿ ;fd|fHojfbL /
lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx¿n] k|ToIf ck|ToIf
?kdf u/]sf 5g\ . oL ;jnfO{ k/f:t
ug{ d'n'sdf lg0ff{os qmflGtsf]
cfjZostf 5 / o;sf] lglDt ;a}
qmflGtsf/L zlQmx¿ Pp6} sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] em08fd'lg uf]naGb x'g
cfjZos 5 . oltv]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf
jfdbnx¿sf] ar{:j x'g' uf}/jsf] s'/f
lyof] . t/ ljleGg b]zL ljb]zL
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] jfdzlQmdfem
ljefhg Nofpg] / ltgnfO{ ldNg glbg]
if8\oGq ul//x]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg
kl/l:yltdf /fhgLlts lgsf;sf]
lglDt jfdbnx¿dfem u7aGwg
sfod eO{ nf]stGqjfbL / b]zeQm
zlQmx¿nfO{ ?kfGt/0fsf] dfu{df
g]tT[ j k|bfg ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf lyof] .
t/ jfd u7aGwg ePdf nf]stflGqs
df]rf{df cj/f]w k'UghfG5 eGg] lgx"d+ f
g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] g]t[TjbfoL tx
blIf0fkGyL u7aGwgtkm{ nxl;g
k'us ] f] 5 . cf7f}+ dxflwj]zgn] kfl/t
u/] s f] lbzfnfO{ kl/Tofu u/L
ldqzlQmdfly cfqmd0f ug] { /
ju{zq';uF 6fl:;g] sfd u/L kf6L{nfO{
blIf0fkGyL efifdf 8'jfpg] sfd
ul/Psf] 5 . g]tT[ jn] clVtof/ u/]sf]
o; lsl;dsf] unt /0fgLlt /
sfo{gLltsf sf/0f g]skf -Pdfn]_n]
cfkm\gf] juL{o klxrfg u'dfPsf] 5 .
g]skf -Pdfn]_sf ljleGg tx /
tAsfdf sfo{/t qmflGtsf/L g]tf /
sfo{stf{x¿ bnleq b]vf k/]sf] unt
l;4fGt / sfo{gLltla?4 ;ª\3if{/t
x'g'x'G5 . xfdLx¿ clxn];Dd log}
;+3if{/t sfd/]8x¿sf] nfddf pleP/
kf6L{leq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ ;~rfng
ub}{ cfPsf lyof}+ . t/ xfdLn] Pdfn]sf]
unt lbzf ;'wg| g;Sg] 7x/ u/L
pQm kf6L{df ljb|fx] u/L Pg]skf -
dfcf]jfbL_df ;dfj]z x'g] lg0f{osf
;fy kf6L{ k|jz ] sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+ .
xhf/f}+xhf/ zlxbx¿sf] alnbfgsf
;fy dxfg hgo'4 n8]/ y'k}| psfnL
cf]/fnL kf/ ub}{ / qmflGtsf y'k|}
cg'ejx¿ ;FufNb} cfPsf] Pg]skf -
dfcf]jfbL_ dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL
dfu{df cl8u d'ns ' sf] Psdfq ;Rrf
;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{sf] /fhgLlts
kf6L{ xf] / s]jn o;sf] g]tT[ jdf dfq
hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo nf] s tflGqs
u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; eO{ b]z
hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg
ub]{ ;fDojfbsf] af6f]df cu|;/
x'g;S5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ b[9 ljZjf;
5 . g] s kf -Pdfn] _ df sfo{ / t
qmflGtsf/L sd/]8x¿nfO{ j]n}df
blIf0fkGyL oyfl:yltjfbL af6f]
;dfTg] Pdfn] kl/Tofu u/L d"nwf/sf]
kf6L{ Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_df cfpg
xfdL hf]8bf/ cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ . kf6L{
k|j]zsf] o; cleofgdf ;+nUg x'g]
xfdL sd/]8x¿ lgDgcg';f/ /x]sf
5f}+– /fd/fh /]UdL -sfof{no ;lrj
g]skf -Pdfn]_ k"j{ u08sL c~rn
;dGjo sld6L_, clvn g] k fn
ls;fg dxf;+3sf] /fli6«o ;ldlt
;b:o, zflnu|fd kf}8]n -lgjt{dfg
;lrjfno ;b:o g]skf -Pdfn]_
lhNnf sld6L sf:sL_, k"j{ d]o/
n]vgfy gu/ kflnsf tyf sf:sL
If] q g+ ! sf ;+ l jwfg;efsf]
pklgjf{rgsf pd]bjf/, w|'j 9sfn
-clvn g] k fn ls;fg dxf;+ 3 ,
/fli6«o ;ldlt ;b:o, df5fkfng_
ls;fg ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf, e"=k"=
lhNnf sld6L ;lrjfno ;b:o
g]skf -Pdfn]_ ;nf{xL, b'uf{nfn
rf}w/L -k"j{ s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;b:o
g] d lskf, g] s kf -Pdfn] _ If] q Lo
sld6L ;b:o_ If]q g+=$ ;nf{xL, k"j{
cWoIf yf? sNof0fsf/L ;ldlt
;nf{xL, /fds]jn dfemL -k"j{ lhNnf
sld6L ;lrjfno ;b:o g]skf -
Pdfn]_ ;nf{xL_, gf/fo0f a:g]t -
If]qLo sld6L ;b:o g]skf -Pdfn]_
If]q g+= !, ;nf{xL_, ;'ldqf dfemL -
If]qLo sld6L ;b:o g]skf -Pdfn]_
If]q g+=$_, /fh' 9sfn -;Ful7t
;b:o g]skf -Pdfn]_ ;nf{xL_, tg'hf
9sfn -;Ful7t ;b:o, g]skf -
Pdfn]_ ;nf{xL_ /x]sf 5g\ .
k|df0f xf], of] . lxhf] o'4sfndf
Pscsf{kl| t ljZjf; eP/} ;xdlt /
;Demf}tf ul/Psf lyP . t/, cfh
lsg olt 7" n f] cljZjf; < of]
cljZjf; kf6L{–kf6L{aLr t x'g] g}
eP t/ kf6L{leq} klg r'lnFb5 } , cflv/
lsg < Pp6} kf6L{ l eq klg
Pscsf]{af6 c;'/lIft x'Fb} hfg] /
kf6L{–kf6L{aLr k'gM b'ZdgL a9\b} hfg]
of] k|jl[ Qn] xfdLnfO{ sxfF k'¥ofpnf <
g]tfx¿n] ljutaf6 l;Sg'k¥of] .
;+;bLo cEof; slt cnf]slk|o,
ab\ g fldt / b' u { l Gwt aGof] <
;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqnfO{ klg To:t}
ab\gfldt u/fpg] <
k| : 6} xf] , g] k fnL /fhgLlts
;+:sf/df ;sf/fTds dgf]lj1fgsf]
sdL 5 . pgLx¿ cfk"m / cfˆgf]
bnnfO{ ;sf/af6 dfq x]5{g\ t/
gsf/sf] kf6f]nfO{ k"/} OGsf/ u5{g\ .
cfk"mafx]ssf] zlQmnfO{ eg] gsf/fTds
kf6f] a f6 dfq a' ‰ b5g\ /
ToxLcg';f/sf] ;+Zn]if0f u5{g\ . of]
Pp6f ;fdflhs /f]u xf] / o;n] ubf{
g} ljutdf cfk"mnfO{ xfQL 7fGg]
kf6L{x¿ klg l;l4Psf x'g\ . dg k/]g
ls tyfgfd cf/f]k nufOxfNg] / ufnL
ug]{ xfd|f ;fdflhs ;+:sf/x¿ x'g\ .
cfk"m;Fu ljjfx ug{ OGsf/ ug]{
dlxnfnfO{ j]Zof egL k|rf/ ug]{ xfd|f]
;+:s[lt k|j[lQ sxLF l5k]sf] 5}g .
cfk"mafx]s c¿nfO{ l/; p7\gf;fy
rf]/, 8fFsf] cf/f]k nufpg] xfd|f
cfgLafgLx¿ hLljt} 5g\ . cflv/
xfdL o;af6 slxn] dfly p7\g] <
olta]nf xfdLn] g]tfx¿nfO{ cf}n F f
78\ofpg}k5{, lgsf; klg lbg g;Sg]
clg ;xdlt klg ug{ g;Sg] eP
slt~h] n g] t f alg/xg] <
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf]
g]t[TjnfO{ dflGbg eGg] g]tfx¿ Û
va/bf/ Û ltdLx¿ b]znfO{ km]l/
u[xo'4df yf]kg{ rfx]sf] xf]Og < kmnfgf]
jf l9:sfgf]sf] g]t[Tj x'Fb}g eGg]x¿
klg va/bf/ Û s's'/n] v'§fdf 6f]Sof]
eg]/ cfk"mn] klg c?sf] v'§f 6f]s]sf]
xf]Og < lsgeg] s's/' n] 6f]sk] l5 dfG5]
ePsfn] slxNo} klg p;n] s's'/s}
v'§fdf 6f]Sb}g, p;af6 l;s]/ dfG5]s}
v'§fdf 6f]Sg] xf] .
lgZro klg g]kfnsf bnx¿k|lt
cljZjf; / ljt[i0ffx¿ a9\b} hfg'
xfd|f] /fli6«otfsf] nflu lrGtfsf] ljifo
dfq eP/ k'Ub}g, lbdfudf x'g'k5{ .
efif0fdf dfq eP/ k'Ub}g, Jojxf/df
x'g'k5{, ¿kdf dfq eP/ k'Ub}g,
kl/0ffddf x'g'k5{, clg s'/fdf dfq
eP/ k'Ub}g, Åbodf klg x'g'k5{ .
oqf] P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ng / xhf/f}F
;lxbx¿sf] alnbfgaf6 k| f Kt
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ hf]ufpg ;s]gf}F /
c;kmn agfof}F eg] xfdL s;/L
/fli6«otfnfO{ hf]ufpg ;sf}n F f < ;a}n]
;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf ePsf] 5}g / < bf]if
s;nfO{ lbg] / s;n] lng] <
bishnupantha010@gmail.com
s:tf]===
u/] s f] 5 . gofF z} l Ifs ;qsf]
k|f/De;Fu} lghL ljBfnon] P]g,
lgodljk/Lt rsf]{ z'Ns lnO/x]sf]
cfjfh a9]kl5 lzIff ljefun] u/]sf]
:ynut cg' u dgsf] k| ltj] bgdf
P]gljk/Lt z'Ns lng] u/]sf] kfOPsf]
xf] . xfn b]ze/ sl/a !) xhf/
lghL ljBfno 5g\ . lgodcg';f/
x/]s jif{;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff
sfof{non] nfut cg'kftsf cfwf/df
lghL ljBfnosf] >]0fL ljefhg u/L
z' N s lgwf{ / 0f x' F b } cfPsf] 5 .
k|ltj]bgdf cg'dlt glnO{ ljBfno
;~rfng ePsf] , sltkodf
lzIfsnfO{ cfwf/e"t tna klg
glbOPsf], Pp6} >]0fLsf ljBfnosf]
dfl;s z'Nsdf ?= ^ xhf/;Ddsf]
cGt/ /x]sf], kf/bzL{?kdf 5fqj[lQsf]
ljt/0f gul/Psf] kfOPsf] pNn]v 5 .
zflGtk| lqmof===
!) ut]nfO{ ;fl/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 .Ú
h] P d;L;Lsf] cf} l rTodfly /Iff
dGqfno / ;]gfn] ;fj{hlgs¿kdf
k|Zg p7fO;s]sf 5g\ . ;]gfn] egf{
v'nfPkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] o;af/]df
5nkmn ug{ h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7s dfu
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . t/, ;]gfn] eg]
h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7snfO{ dxTj lbPsf]
5}g . h]Pd;L;Lsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt
eO;s]sfn] p;sf] cg'udg ;]gfnfO{
dfGo gx' g ] ;] g fsf] egfO 5 .
zflGt;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf !)=% df
cGtl/d ;+;b\sf] u7gkl5 ;Demf}tfdf
plNnlvt b'O{ kIfsf] cjwf/0ff /
l:ylt :jtM cGTo x'g] pNn]v 5 .
;jf]R{ r cbfntn] ut ;fpg !@ ut]
;}Goegf{lj?4 l/6 vf/]h u/]kl5
g]kfnL ;]gfn] !& ut] sl/a ;fF9]
tLg xhf/ kbdf egf{ v'nfPsf] lyof] .
;]gfn] egf{ v'nfPkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] klg
n8fs' egf{ lng] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] . cgldgn] o:tf ultljlw
zflGt;Demf}tfljk/Lt ePsf] atfpFb}
cfPsf] 5 .
Pdfn]===
cfGbf]ng yfNg] r]tfjgL lbg'eof] .
pxfFn] eGg'eof], …ef/tsf] x:tIf]k xb}
eO;Sof] ca xfdL ef/t lj?4
cfGbf]ng yfN5f}+ .Ú ;xdltsf] nflu
t6:y a:g] Pdfn]sf] lg0f{o“ ;sf/fTds
eP klg of] a]df};dL ePsf] bfjL
ug{ ' e of] . klxnf g} cfpg' kg] {
lg0f{okl5 dfq cfof] pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
cfˆgf] kf6L{ ;xdltsf nflu ;a}
ljsNkdf 5nkmn ug{ tof/ /x]sf]
:ki6 kfb}{ pxfFn] g]kfnL sf"u|];n]
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnP dfcf]jfbL klg
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnP/ ;xdltsf] gofF
k| l qmof ;' ? ug{ tof/ /x] s f]
atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfnL
sfFu; ]| sf ;xdxfdGqL Pjd\ k|jQmf
ch'g{ g/l;+x s];Ln] ;xdltsf] cfwf/
to geO{ g]kfnL sfFu; ]| n] k|wfgdGqLsf]
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ glng] :ki6 kfb}{
hlt k6s;Dd lgjf{rg eP klg
sfFu; ]| r'gfj nl8/xg] atfpg'eof] .
Pdfn] s f] t6:y a:g] lg0f{ o n]
;+ j } w flgs Joj:yf / ;+ ; bLo
k/Dk/fdfly k|xf/ u/]sf] bfjL ub}{
s] ; Ln] eGg' e of] , …Pdfn] n ]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ef]6 xfn] klg x'G5 t/
t6:y a;]/ ;+ljwfgdfly k|xf/ ug{
kfpFbg} . of] ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL sfd
xf] .Ú pxfFn] clxn]sf] k|dv ' d'2f zflGt
k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ljifodf
;xdlt gx'Gh]n ;xdltsf] ;/sf/
gaGg] 7f]sj' f ub}{ o:t} cj:yf /x]
sfFu; ]| k|ltkIfdf a:g ;d]t tof/
/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;fIffTsf/df
g]skf Pdfn] ;+;bLo bnsf k|dv ' lgsfnf ug'{ g} kb{5 . of] s'/f s;}n]
;r]ts eLdk|;fb cfrfo{n] ax'dtLo
;/sf/df s'g} klg xfntdf Pdfn]
;xefuL gx'Fg] :ki6 kfb}{ clxn]s}
k|lqmofdf ;o k6s r'gfj eP klg
Pdfn]n] s;}sf] kIfdf dtbfg gug{
bfjL ug'e { of] . cfˆg} kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jsf]
ax'dtLo ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf u/]/
km]/L csf]{ ax'dtLo ;/sf/df hfg]
h:tf] pNn' sfd ug{ kf6L{ gePsf]
eGb} pxfFn] ;xdltdf cfpg Pdfn]n]
afWo agfpg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn]
ax'dtLo ;/sf/ algxfn] klg Pdfn]
;/sf/df ghfg] ;d]t ;f] cj;/df
:ki6 kfg{' ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL
;lrj uh'/]nsf] cf/f]kdf cfrfo{n]
Pdfn] ef/tsf] O;f/fdf rNg] bn
ePsf] eP t6:y a:g] lg0f{osf] ;f6f]
cs}{ lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] x'g] lyof] egL
:kli6s/0f klg lbg'eof] . dw];L
hgflwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stflGqs ;+;bLo
bnsf k| d ' v ;r] t s /fdhgd
rf}w/Ln] tLg 7'nf bnx? ;xdltdf
gcfP;Dd df]rf{n] s;}nfO{ ef]6 gxfNg]
atfpg'eof] .
;/sf/n]===
u}/sfg'gL y'gf !, aGbLsf] clwsf/
#, Gofo k|zf;g÷:jR5 k'kI{ f # /
;"rgfsf] xs ! j6f ;d]t sf/afxLsf
lglDt cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] .
s'n #*^ j6f sf/afxLsf nflu
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]df k"0f{ sfof{Gjog
#$ j6f, cf+lzs sfof{Gjog !#*
j6f / sfof{Gjog gePsf @!$ j6f
/x]sf] cfof]un] hgfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o
dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u :yfkgf ePsf]
bz jif{ k'us ] f] / ;+jw} flgs lgsfo
u7gsf] sl/a tLgjif{sf] cjlwdf s'n
dfgjclwsf/ xgg\;DaGwLdWo] ^@
b]lv ^% k|ltzt cyf{t\ $)& j6f
dxTjk"0f{ l;kmfl/; ;/sf/ ;dIf k];
u/] s f] k| j Stf uf} / L k| w fgn]
atfpg' e of] . cfof] u n] /fli6« o
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{, kLl8tsf ph'/Lsf
;DaGwdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug{ /
;/sf/nfO{ sf/afxLsf nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{ u/]sf]df ;/sf/sf
tkm{af6 kLl8t kIfnfO{ st} k"/f, st}
cf+lzs?kdf /fxt k|bfg u/]sf] 5
eg] sf/afxL g} gul/Psf klg w]/}
/x]sf] t/ kL8snfO{ s'g} sf/afxL
gePsf] k|jStf k|wfgn] atfpg'eof] .
cfof]udf sl/a bzxhf/ %)) d'2f
/x]sf] / To;dWo] %) k|ltzt k'/fgf
/ %) k|ltzt gofFnfO{ 5fglag u/L
l;kmfl/; ug{ ] u/] s f] pxfF n ]
atfpg' e of] . cfof] u sf cWoIf
s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] dfgjclwsf/
xgg\ n ufot sltko gLltut
l;kmfl/; xlnof k|yfsf ljifodf,
sdn/L k|yf tyf emf8fkvfnf /
vfBfGg ;Í6sf ljifodf ;/sf/nfO{
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] t/ sfof{Gjog
gePsf]df b'Mv JoSt ug{'eof] .
d'Vou/L k|dv' tLg /fhgLlts bnsf
e| f t[ ;Ë7gsf dflg;n] uDeL/
k|s[ltsf dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg\,
kmf}hbf/L cleof]usf 36gf 36fPkl5
sf/afxLsf nflu ul/Psf]
l;kmfl/;nfO{ nTofP/ /fhgLlts
bnn] x:tIf] k u/L ;/sf/nfO{
sf/afxL ug{ glbg] tyf uDeL/
36gfsf d'2f bnx?n] lkmtf{ lng]
u/]sfn] o;sf bf]ifL k|dv
' /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tf ePsf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
/fli6«otfsf]===
g]tfx¿;Fu of] cfu|x ug{ rfxG5' ls
h'g ;"o{–rGb| c+lst em08fnfO{
tkfO{+x¿ uf8Ldf lnP/ lxF8\g' x'G5,
To;sf] sb/ ug{ klg l;sf}F . To;sf]
xfdLn] sb/ ug{ hfGof}F, eg] To;n]
:jtM xfd|f] sb/ ug]{5 . cGoyf
To;n] u2f/ eGg kl5 kg]{ 5}g . of]
ge'nf}F . To:t} s'g} klg b]zsf
s"6g}lts JolQm jf b]zn] of] klg
e' N g' x' G g ls c?sf] cfGtl/s
dfldnfdf x:tIf]k ug{ x'Gg eg]/ .
s'g} klg b]zn] c? b]zsf] cfGtl/s
dfldnfdf x:tIf]k u5{ eg] To:tf
b]znfO{ r]tfjgL lbFb} b]z lgsfnf
ug'k{ g];{ Ddsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug'k{ g]{
x'G5 . ;fob of] s'/f] xfd|f ldq/fi6«
ef/tsf /fhb" t ;' b nufot
sfpG;n/n] e'Ng'eof] ls Sof xf] .
xfd| f ] b] z sf] ;ef;b\ /fds' d f/
zdf{kl| tsf] Jojxf/ /fd|f] xf]Og . o:tf
s"6g}lts JolQmnfO{ lgZro klg b]z
klg e'Ng' x'Gg . cfh;Dd ef/tLo
s"6g}lts JolQmk|lt cGo bnsf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{x¿n] rf;f] glnPsf]
b] V bf xfdL b] z eQm, /fi6« k | ] d L
hgtfk|lt 7"nf] cf3ft ePsf] dx;';
ub{5f}F . P= g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{x¿n] b]vfPsf] lxDdt
/ b] z k| l tsf] elQmk| l t wGojfb
lbg} k g] { x' G 5 . g] k fnL hgtf
pxfFx¿nfO{ ;nfd ug{ kl5 kb}{gg\ .
g]sfF, Pdfn]nufot dw];jfbL bn
/ cGo ;fgf bnx¿nfO{ s';L{sf] nflu
ge} hgtf, b] z / cfˆgf]
;fj{ef}d;Qfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn eO{
;;fgf :jfy{nfO{ TofuL / g]skf
dfcf] j fbLsf] g] t [ T jdf /fli6« o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g u/L b]znfO{
clg0f{osf] aGbLaf6 arfcf}F / 7"nf]
bnnfO{ dof{bf ug]{ afgL klg a;fnf}F .
c? b] z sf] Ozf/fdf / c?sf]
axsfjLdf nfu]/ b]znfO{ aaf{b
x' g af6 arfcf} F / xfd| f cfpg]
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u'?ªn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP, ;fOl6; ?v sf6]sf] k|df0f afFsL g/xf];\ eg]/
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cWoIf u0f]z /]UdLn] ug{e' Psf] lyof] eg]
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;xsf/Lsf pkfWoIf
wgaxfb'/ lasn] ug{e' Psf] lyof] .
txdf k'¥ofpg ;/sf/ tyf /fhgLlts
kf6L{n] dlxnfnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/ lbOg'kg]{
pxfFsf] ;'emfj lyof] . dlxnf ;ef;b\
;d"x -ss;_ sf ;+of]hs piffsnf
/fO{ n ] g] k fnsf] k| w fgdGqL aGg
dlxnfx? ;Ifd eP klg bnsf
g]tfx?n] pgLx?nfO{ ljZjf; ug{
g;s]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{
k/Dk/fut?kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf]
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ug{'eof] . ;ef;b\ /fwf 1jfnLn]
hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] dlxnf w]/} eP klg
pgLx? cem} klg /fhgLlts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, z}lIfsnufot x/]s If]qaf6
k5fl8 k/]sf] ljifodf ljifout sfo{kq
k|:t't ug{e' Psf] lyof] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj zld{nf sfsL{n]
hgcfGbf]ngdf dlxnfn] 7"nf] of]ubfg
lbP klg ;f] cg'?k pgLx?n] :yfg
kfpg g;s]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
al/i7 emfkfnL sd/]8sxfF laGtL
la;fpg hfFbf æ;Dej eP ;Dd c?
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h'?Ss p7]/ s;};u+ s]lx gaf]nL aNv'
baf{/sf] kl/;/af6 aflxl/P . To;
kl5 s] eof] < ef]nL kN6 k|sflzt
kq klqsfx¿n] ;fa{hlgs u/] ls
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l:yt s]lGb|o sfof{nosf] kl/;/df
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u/] .Æ of] 36gf pgsf] :jfledfgdf
rf] 6 k' u ] s f] sf/0f 36g uPsf]
b]lvG5 . t;y{ of] cfTdxTof klxnf]
k|sf/sf] cfTdxTofdf kb{5 . 3/sf]
cjZyf emg\ emg\ bolgo aGb} hfg'
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cfk'mnfO{ lgl/x, lg¿kfo jf lg;xfo
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t]>f] k|sf/sf] cfTdxTofdf kb{5 .
o;n] /fHkIfsf] u}/ lhDd]jf/L k|lt
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ub{5 . d]/f Pshgf ldqn] k6s
k6s eg]sf] Pp6f s'/f cfh ;Demgf
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/fhgLlts OdfGbfl/tf x'g' k5{ / ;fy
;fy} cfa:os dfqfdf /fhgLlts
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;Fw} s;}sf] emf]nf af]Sg] sfo{stf{ dfq
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kmfNg afWo ePsf oL /fhj+zL afa'
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cfgf ;To ;fljt ePsf] 5 .
clvn g]kfn n]vs ;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 k|sflzt
dfS;{jfbL ;flxTo / hgo'4sf] ;f}Gbo{
k':ts cjZo k9f}+ .
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k9\g g5'6fpg'xf]nf .
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kGhf ghfGg] /fhj+ z Ln] b] z /
hgtfsf] nflu eg]/ 3/sf] ;a{:j
klg n'6fP / cGtdf hLjgsf] sl7g
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h' l Qm ckgfP . cfk\ m gf
sfo{ s tf{ x ¿sf] of] xb ;Ddsf]
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ls sd/]8x¿sf] a}rfl/s w/ftn au{
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s'07f / cx+sf/ b'j} hGdg glbg
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sfod ug{ g;Sg] g]tT[ jn] cfk'mnfO{ t
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ljj]sn] 3fF; gvfcf];\ . ;Qf/f]x0fsf]
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klg /fhj+zL afa' 5f]/fsf] af6f]
k5Øfpg gk/f];\ . xfdL olx sfdgf
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e'd/Ldf km;]sf] b]z / ljb]zL uf]6Lx¿
kfgLsf e"d/L 8/nfUbf x'G5g\ . e"d/Ldf km;]kl5 lsgf/f nfUbf Hofb} hf]ldv
p7fpg' kb{5 . e"d/Laf6 lsgf/f nufpg' rfgr'g] ldlxg]tn] sfd nfUb}g .
kfgLsf] e"d/L h:t} b]z clxn] ToxL e"d/Ldf km;]sf] 5 . h;/L e"d/Laf6
dflg;nfO{ lsgf/f nufpg sl7g eP h;/L clxn] b]znfO{ lsgf/f nufpg'
rfgr'g] d]xgt sfdofaL x'bF g} . oltv]/ b]zdf tby{ ;/sf/n] b]zsf] g]tT[ j
ul//x]sf] 5 . h'g ;/sf/sf] cEo'bo klg ljleGg if8\oGqaf6 ePsf] 5 .
pTklQsf] k|sl[ t / hg;f]rsf] k|lts"nsf] kl/0ffd oltv]/ g b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iff
cdgrog 5 g t slyt sfg'gL /fHosf] s'g} k|Tofe"lt 5 . /fi6«df ;/sf/
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Hofb} sl7g b]lvG5 .
ljBdfg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] b]znfO{ dfu{lrq lbg' kb{Yof] . ;+ljwfgdf
hfg'kg]{ afWotfsf] af]wuDotfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} clxn];Dd To;sf] vfsf lgdf{0f
ul/;Sg' kb{Yof] t/ /fHo ;+/rgfsf] hl6n d'2fdf vf;} 5nkmn x'g ;s]sf]
b]lvFbg} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf hl6n d'2fdf lg0f{o x'g g;Sg' / ;txL Joj:yf dfq
x'gn ' ] ;+;b\ / ;ef;b\x¿sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ s;/L lng] rrf{of]Uo /x]sf] 5 . olt
;fgf] b]zn] ^)! hgf ;ef;b\sf] Jooef/ lng pko'Qm 5 5}g To;sf] af/]df
klg /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm lbg' kb{5 . lgwf{l/t b'O{ jif{sf]
;dofjlwdf lgwf{l/t sfo{ kmTo ug{ g;Sg] dfggLo ;ef;b\x¿nfO{ lsg k|Zg
gp7fpg] < yk ePsf] Ps jif{df klg ;+ljwfg gaGg] clxn] g} 3f]if0ff ul/lbP
x'G5 . lsgeg] x'gk' g]{ hl6n d'2fdf hl6n s'/fnfO{ d'NtaL /fVb} tby{jfbsf]
cg'z/0f ub}{ ul/Psf Joj:yfnfO{ lsgf/f ug{ Hofb} d'l:sn kb{5 . v/af}s + f]
/sd vr]/{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b\n] clxn];Dd u/]sf sfo{ x]bf{ Toqf] nufgL afn'jfdf
kfgL xfn] h:tf] ePsf] 5 . ctM of] l:yltnfO{ ;lDdIf0f ubf{ b]znfO{ e'd/Lsf]
rqmAo"xdf km;fpg] Pp6f lgsfo Joj:yflksf ;+;b\ klg /x]sf] eGg' kbf{ b'Mv
nfUg] ljifo /x]sf] 5 .
…g cfksf g afksfÚ eg] h:t} csf]{ ljs[lt b]zn] slthgf dGqLsf] Jooef/
yfDg ;Sg] xf], To;sf] klg x]Ssf /fVg} kb{5 . s:tf] nfh nfUbf] g]tfn] h] u/] klg
x'g] bl/b| dfgl;stfn] 3/ hdfO;s]sf] x'bF f ;/sf/ l6sfpgs} nflu hlt
dGqL /fv] klg /fHon] dfkmL lbPs} 5 . olt ;fgf] b]zdf olt 7"nf] dlGqd08n
lsg rflxof] . ul/a b]zdf dGqLsf lkP / ;Nnfxsf/nfO{ /fHosf] 9's6' Laf6
kfNg'kg]{ . lkP tyf ;Nnfxsf/sf] ¿k, 9Ë Pj+ :t/ b]Vbf b]zsf] nyflnË
cj:yfsf] lrq0f 5n{Ë x'G5 . logLx¿ hlthgf a9L /fVg kfOg] Joj:yf 5
Tolt g} a]OdfgL gful/ssf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'bF } hfg] x'bF f o;tk{m /fHon] eljiodf
kf/bzL{ gLlt lsg cjnDag ug{ g;Sg] < e|i6 dGqL, lkP, ;Nnfxsf/ :t/xLg,
a]Odfg clg o:tf] b]z e'd/Ldf gk/] sf] knf{ <
sd{rf/L cyf{t\ :yfoL ;/sf/ . :yfoL ;/sf/sf] gfd eP klg s'g} kf6L{sf]
em08f af]sg] eg] To;sf] xljut klg bogLo x'g] . eg]sf] 7fpFdf ;?jf x'g /
s':t bfd sdfpg] WofpGgn] lg:kIf k|zf;gsf] 7fpFdf ;/sf/df uPsf] kf6L{sf]
sfo{stf{eGbf rsf]{ ¿kdf ;/sf/sf ;dy{sx¿;Fu ;fptL ub}{ lxF8g\ nfh
gdfGg] k|zf;saf6 b]zn] s] kfpnf < lj8Dagf t/ b]zsf] ult hxfF;s ' } hfcf];\,
b]zdf h];s ' } xj;\ s'g} dtna g/fvL /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] em08f af]Sg] ;+:sf/n]
k~rfotsfnLg k|zf;geGbf k|zf;lgs ;+oGq etfe'Ë ePsf] 5}g egL eGg]
cfwf/x¿ /x]sf] b]lvFbg} . JoKt e|i6frf/ / /fhg}lts 9fs5f]kn] lgo'lQm lng,
;?jf ldnfpg, 7]Ssfk§f cflbdf cgfjZos x:tIf]k k|zf;lgs ;+oGqsf ljs[lt,
lj;+ult /x]sf] x'bF f b]z oltv]/ hl6n df]8df k'Ub} ToxL rqmkftsf] e"d/Ldf
km;]sf] 5 . k'ln;, k|zf;g, GofoIf]q cflbdf ;d]t o:t} k|efjn] cfdgful/ssf]
cdgrog, zflGt;'/Iff, ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt xfQLsf bfFt ;fljt ePsf 5g\ .
oxL g} xf] jt{dfgsf] cGof]ntf, b]z /;ftntk{m ws]lng', ljs[lt, lj;+ult a9\b}
hfg', gful/s c;Gtf]if r'lnFb} hfg' . cfdgful/ssf] pk]Iff x'bF } hfFbf ;'lsnf–
d'lsnfx¿sf] /fHon] kIfkf]if0f ubf{ To;sf] k|efj hgdfg;df gsf/fTds kb{5 .
sNkgf ul/Psf] gofF g]kfnsf gjLg ljs[ltx¿ log} x'g\ .
/fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] lbzfljxLg Jojxf/ / s/0fL klg pb]s nfUbf] 5 .
b]zs} jt{dfg;Ddsf] Oltxf;df jf:tljs ;/sf/ljxLg cj:yf lrq0f ubf{
jt{dfgnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . kf6L{x¿nfO{ r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkq cfk}mF nfO{ yfxf 5}g .
3f]if0ffkqnfO{ s;/L d"t¿ { k lbg] g gLlt 5 g Jojxf/ . olt nfdf] ;do;Dd
;/sf/ agfpg] lgoldt k|lqmofnfO{ nfu" ug{ g;Sg]x¿af6 b]zn] ult kfpg]
ck]Iff ug'{ d"vx{ ¿sf] dfq ;f]r xf] . ljBdfg kf6L{x¿sf cfGtl/s lsrnf] /
c:j:y k|lt:kwf{n] kf6L{x¿ kf6L{ klg aGg ;s]sf] b]lvFbg} g\ . :j:y cfnf]rgfsf]
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kl/j]zdf xfQL5fkx¿sf] 5fF6sfF6 Pj+ /afkm x]bf{ hgtfx¿ To:tf kf6L{af6 ljd'v
x'bF 5
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pQm lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ To;} r'gs ] f xf]Ogg\ . ljutdf sfFu;] | , Pdfn]sf]
cj:yf a'em] sf hgtfn] To;sf] ljsNk dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ef]6 lbPsf x'g\ . dfcf]jfbLdf
klg To:tf] /f]u g;nf{ eGg ;lsFbg} . ToxL /f]u nfUof] eg] hgtf k]ml/ ljsNk vf]Hg
afWo x'g5 ] g\ . kf6L{x¿ kf/bzL{ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFbg} . d'Vo cfDbfgLsf] ;|ft] rGbf,
;xof]u eP klg s'g kf6L{sf] cfDbfgL slt 5 kf/bzL{ 5}g . kf6L{ g]tf /
kf6L{x¿sf e|ft[ ;+u7gsf g]tfx¿ rGbf c;'nLdf olt kf]Vt 5g\ ls x'bF fx'bF f
7]Ssfk§f, 6]08/ cflbdf x:tIf]k Pj+ bf]xf]/f] le8Gt dfq xf]Og uf]nL rNg] / t/af/
k|xf/ ca dfd'nL eO;s] . oL ;a} cj:yfn] b]znfO{ e'd/Lsf] bnbndf dfq
km;fpg] b]lvG5 eg] hgtfdf lg/fzf dfq 5fpg] jftfj/0f dfq b]lvG5 .
dfly pNn]lvt jt{dfgdf /fi6«sf] cj:yf emNsG5 . ljb]zLsf] ?rLn] xfdL
g]kfnL lglxt :jfy{ af]Sb} pgLx¿sf uf]6L ag]sf s}of}F b[i6fGt 5g\ . k];fut
g}ltstfdf x|f; x'bF f lzIff, :jf:Yo cflbdf cfdhgtf pk]lIft 5g\ . /fd|f] lzIff,
:jf:y, dfgjlwsf/ slyt x'g] vfg] / 7fn'x¿sf lgoGq0fdf 5g\ . sf]–slt v]/
s;sf] sf]kefhgdf kg]{ xf] lglZrt 5}g . ljb]zLx¿sf :jfy{n] s;sf] uf]6L sf]
x'g] clglZrt 5 . pgLx¿s} :jfy{n] oxfF P]g, sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/G5g\ . log}
cGof]naLr xfd|f g]tfx¿ jf kf6L{x¿ ;/sf/ agfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . b'O{ jif{
gl6Sg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fn] ;xhtfdf klg hl6ntf ylklbPsf] 5 . kl/jt{gsf
jfxs xf}F eGg]x¿nfO{ oyfl:yltjfbLx¿n] luHofO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ klg xfdL
cs}s { f nxnx}df b]znfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL agfpFb} ;/sf/ aGg glbg] v]ndf
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gªUofpg'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk b]lvFbg} . To;}n] ca eGg} kb{5 b]znfO{ bnbndf
gkm;fp, e'd/Ldf gws]n b]z aaf{b, eof] eg] To;sf] lhDd]jf/ ltdLx¿ g} xf}
eg]/ eGg} kb{5 . b]znfO{ rqmkftsf] e'd/Ldf ws]Ng]x¿ of] x'gx' G' g eGg} kb{5 .
eGg ;s]gf}F eg] b]z, b]z h:tf] /xg] 5}g . ;f]rf}F ;do ce}m afFsL 5 .