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kafle_netra@yahoo.com

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cufl8 cfPsf] o; dfWodn] jf:tjd}
ck"j{ of]ubfg lbO/x]sf] klg 5 .
;j]I{ f0fn] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] ^) jif{
pd]/ gf3]sf JolStx? klg km];a'ssf
;b:o 5g\ . oBlk hlt a9L lszf]/–
lszf]/L / o'jf o; dfWoddf nfu]sf
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qmdzM 36b} uPsf] km] ; –a' s s}
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cg'kflts ?kdf sd dfq ePsf] xf]
t/ jo:sx?sf] ;+Vof klg s/f]8f}d+ f
x'gk' 5{ . o; n]vsn] km];–a's x]b{} hfFbf
:s'n k9\bfsf k'/fgf ;fyLx? klg km]nf
kf/]sf] 5 . ;fyLsf ;fyL / pgLx?sf
klg ;fyL vf]Hb} hfg] / s;}sf] gfd
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xf] eg] t:jL/;lxt tL JolStx? b]lvg]
ePsf sf/0f o;sf] cfsif{0f cljtLo
aGg k'us ] f] xf] . lsgeg] o; k|sf/sf]
;'ljwf cGoq s'g} OG6/g]6 dfWoddf
kfOFbg} . To;}n] o;n] k'm;{bsf] ;do
km];–a'sdf latfpg] u/]sf] 5 . bzsf}+
ge]6s ] f k'/fgf ;fyLx? xl;nf] cg'xf/df
kl/jf/;lxt cfˆg} sDKo'6/sf] kbf{df
k|s6 x'bF f /dfOnf] nfUg' c:jfefljs
klg xf]Og . h;nfO{ rfXof] p;nfO{
d];h ] k7fpg klg ldNg] ePsf sf/0f
:jtGqtf / cj;/ b'js } f b[li6sf]0fn]
o;sf] dlxdf pRr x'g k'us ] f] xf] .
nfdf–nfdf lel8of] lrq / kmf]6f]
PNadx? ;dfj]z ug{;lsg] ;'ljwfsf
sf/0f k|fljlws ?kn] klg of] lgSs}
prfOdf /x]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . ;+;f/df
k|fs[lts lgod s] 5 eg] h'g j:t'sf
;sf/fTds u'0fx? a9L x'G5g\ To;sf
gsf/fTds ljz]iftf klg sd x'bF g} g\ .
h:tf] xfn}sf] Ps kL8fbfos 36gf d
oxfF pNn]v ug{nflu/x]sf] 5' . s'/f s]
eg] Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] asL{ gu/df a:g]
d]/f Ps ;fyL s]xL lbgotf lgs}
lj/St b]lvGy] . clgbf cfFvfx?
6f]nfO/xg] afgL / sfdaf6 3/ kmls{bf
u/f}+ z/L/ agfpg] pgsf] Jojxf/ dnfO{
cgf}7f] nfUof] . ;fgf] kl/jf/ ;'vL
kl/jf/sf wgL pgL lsg 3/kl/jf/k|lt
lj/St ePsf x'g eg]/ d}n] a'‰g rfx]F .
s;}sf] JolStut dfldnfdf lrof]–rrf{
ug]{ afgL t d]/f] 5}g t/ Ps g]kfnLnfO{
k/]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf csf]{ g]kfnLn]
of]ubfg lbg ldNg] cj:yf 5 eg] r'k
nfu]/ a:g] klg d]/f] :jefj xf]Og .
To;}n] d}n] cfkm}n F ] sfd ug{] /]i6'/fdf
pgnfO{ vfhf vfg] lgDtf lbPF . ldqn]
lj:tf/} cfˆgf] Joyfsf] kf]sf] vf]n] .
pgL >LdtL ;lxtsf] ;og sIf 5f]8/]
!)–!@ lbgb]lv a}7s sf]7fdf ;'Tg
yfn]sf /x]5g\ . sf/0f c? s]xL geP/
km];–a's g} b]lvof] . s'/f s] k/]5 eg]
sl/a ^ dlxgf cl3b]lv >LdtLn] :s'n
kbf{sf] k'?if ;fyL km];–a'sdf e]l65g\ .
e]6g' s] lyof] klxnf] k|d] k'/fgf] ;DaGw
tfhf eP/ cfOxfNof] . nfdf]–nfdf]
;do;Dd Rof6 x'g] / kmf]gdf klg
s'/f rNg] cj:yf cfof] . >LdtLsf]
k'?if ;fyL g]kfnd} /x]sf]n] kmf]gdf jftf{
ug{eg] Tolt ;xh lyPg . tfklg
cd]l/sfdf >LdtLsf] /fd|f] hflu/
ePsf] / g]kfndf cfO–snsf] ;'ljwf
/x]sf] sf/0f Ps cfk;sf] af]nL ;'g/] }
lszf]/ cj:yfsf] k|d] tfhf agfpg
;lsGYof] . t/ ;d:of s] lyof] eg]
b' j } s f nflu aftf{ ug{ cg' s " n
jftfj/0f . 3/df 5f]/f5f]/L ;d]t ePsf
b'O{ kl/jf/sf jo:sx? k|0fodf ufFl;g
g}lts ;Í6 kg{;SYof] . cGttM ;Í6
k5{ g} . sIff * df k9bfb]lv ;'?
ePsf] k|]d :gfts ubf{;Dd lgs}
kl/kSs eO;s]sf] /x]5 . lkslgs
kfs{ahf/ e|d0f ofqf ef]h ;fF:s[lts
sfo{qmd cflb kf/ ul/;s]sf] klxnf]
k|d ] kl/aGbn] ljjfxdf kl/0ft x'g
;s]sf] /x]g5 . >LdtLn] cfˆgf b'O{
5f]/f kfP/ klg cfh;Dd klxnf]
k|d] LnfO{ g} a9L rfx]sf] p;n] a'lemof] .
cGttM >Ldfg >LdtL Ps} 5t d'lg
/x]/ klg a]Un} sf]7fdf /ft ljtfpg
yfn] . ;fyLsf] ;a} syf ;'gk] l5 d]/f]
Wofg pgsf] pd]/df uof] . $) a;Gt
sfl6;s]sf tL ;fyLn] ;DaGw ljR5]b
u/] eg] cfpg] kl/0ffdk|lt d uDeL/
ePF . o; pd]/df g]kfndf /x]sf]
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>LdtLn] s] kfpg] x'g\ b'j} kl/jf/sf
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] dfgl;stfdf s:tf] c;/
kg{] xf] eGg] s'/fk|lt d uDeL/ ePF .
d}n] ;f]w]+ ca s] ug{'x'G5 t ldq d}n]
k|Zg ul//xFbf cfˆgf ljBfnosf
s]6L;fyLx? zld{nf, ljhof, ?kf,
/ldnfx?nfO{ ;Dem]+ . pgLx?nfO{
s;n] a9L k|efj kfg]{ eg]/ xfdL
s]6fx?df Ps k|sf/sf] k|lt:kwf{
x'GYof] . pgLx?dWo] s;}n] of] pd]/df
cfP/ dnfO{ cfO{ ne o" egL eg]
g]kfnL kl/j]znfO{ ;d]t Vofn ub}{
d}n] cfO{ od ;/L eGg}k5{ . of]
pd]/df d}n] of}ghGo k|]ddf xf]Og
;dfh;] j f b] z elSt n] v g
snfsfl/tf cflbdf s] x L
ug{;Sg'k5{ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ c;n
af6f] b]vfpg' d]/f] k|fyldstfdf
kg{k' 5{ . dg k/]sL s]6L kfPF eg]/
of] pd]/df axlsbf b/af/df cfuf]
nfUbf afF;'/L ahfpg] d'v{/fhfsf]
gSsn x'g hfG5 . d}n] ;fyLnfO{ olt
eg] d?e"lddf s'g} ag:kltsf] lj?jf
pld|of] eg]/ lrlGtt x'g' kb}g{ lsgeg]
Tof] 7"nf] a[If aGg} ;St}g . 7"nf] j[If
aGgsf nflu rflxg] tTj d?e"lddf
x'Fb}g . ;fyLnfO{ t d}n] ;'emfj lbPF
t/ o;/L cGo slt ao:s hf]8LnfO{
km];–a'sn] r'gf}tL lbO/x]sf] xf]nf eg]/
uPkl5 klg d uDeL/ alg /x]+ .
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;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) g] k fnL ;] g fn] h] P d;L;Lsf]
a} 7 s alx:sf/ u/] s f] 5,
;F u ;F u } a[ x t\ zflGt;Demf} t f
/ To;sf] k| l qmoflj?4 klg
cleJolQm lbF b } cfPsf] 5,
o; ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
bnx¿sf] aLrdf clxn]
b]vfk/]sf] /fhgLlts uTofj/f]wsf]
k| l tlaDa ;] g fdf ;d] t k/] s f]
b]lvG5 . sfd rnfp ;/sf/df /x]sf
s] x L /fhgLlts bnsf g] t fsf]
pS;fx6df ;] g fn] To:tf
cleJolQmx¿ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] ls
eGg] klg b]lvG5 . g]kfnL ;]gfn]
cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg'k5{ eGg' /
h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7s alx:sf/ ug'{n]
d'ns ' df s]xL /fhgLlts if8\oGq x'bF 5}
eGg] a'‰g ufx|f] kb}g{ . h]Pd;L;Lsf]
a}7sdf nuftf/¿kdf ;}Goegf{sf]
Ph]G8f pl7/x]s} xf] . To;df cem}
6'Ëf] nfUg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . t/, klg
;]gfn] clxn] cfP/ a}7s alx:sf/
ug'{ k5fl8 s'g} /fhgLlts rfnafhL
5 eGg ;lsG5 .
) To;f] eP, ;/s/n] ;]gfnfO{
prfn]/ /fi6«klt zf;g nfu"
/fhgLlts bnleqsf k|ltudgsf/L /
b/afl/of /fhfjfbLx¿ w]/} g} ;lqmo x'g]
ltgLx¿sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL, k'g?{TyfgjfbL /
;fdGtjfbLx¿sf] df]rf{ ldNg] clg /fi6«klt
zf;g nfu" u/fpg] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
xfd|f] clwstd k|of; hf/L zflGtk|lqmofnfO{
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] g} x'G5 . olb To;f] x'g s]xL
k'g?{TyfgjfbL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿n] /f]S5g\ eg]
l:ylt stf hfG5, clxNo} eGg ;lsFbg} .
cgldgn] ;xdltsf] ;xL JofVof ubf{
dfcf]jfbLsf] kIf lnPsf] cf/f]k cGo bnx¿n]
nufPsf 5g\ . h'g unt 5, /fli6«o
:jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf] nflu /fhtGq jf
;fdGtjfbnfO{ lnP/ clxNo} ;+oQ ' m df]rf{
aGg] ;Defjgf 5}g . t/, /fli6«o
:jfwLgtfsf] nflu n8\gk' g]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
/fli6«o :jfwLgtf /Iffsf] nflu ;+oQ ' m df]rf{
agfpg ;lsPg eg] clxn] ePsf] afXo
' ' x]//] a:g'kg]{ x'G5 .
x:tIf]k 6'n6' n
u/fpg vf] h ] s f] xf] <
clxn] g} /fi6«klt zf;g nfu"
u/fpg vf]lhPsf] eGg t ldNb}g,
t/ d' n ' s sf] /fhgLlts l:ylt
Totftkm{ 9NsFb5 } . clxn] ;'Ggdf s]
cfPsf] 5 eg] s] x L /fhgLlts
bnleqsf k|ltudgsf/L / b/afl/of
/fhfjfbLx¿ w] / } g} ;lqmo x' g ]
ltgLx¿sf] k| l tlqmofjfbL,
k'g?{TyfgjfbL / ;fdGtjfbLx¿sf]
df]rf{ ldNg] clg /fi6«klt zf;g nfu"
u/fpg] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
) tkfO{ + x ¿n] ;f+ : s[ l ts /fhf
/fVg] s' / f ug' { e Psf] eGg]
cf/f] k ;/sf/df ;xefuL
bnx¿sf] 5 lg <
xfdL o' 4 sfndf klg ;+ o ' Q m
df]rf{sf] nflu v'Nnf g} lyof}F . clxn]
klg xfdL ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] ;jfndf
v'Nnf g} 5f}F . lxhf]sf] ;fdGtjfbL
hf] /fi6«jfbL 5g\, pgLx¿;Fu ;xsfo{
x'g} ;Sb}g, xfdL eGb}gf}F . t/, Tof]
;xsfo{ /fhtGqsf] af/] d f,
wd{lg/k]Iftf, ;+3Lotfsf] lj?4sf]
d'2fdf sbflk ;Demf}tf x'g ;Sb}g .
/fhtGqsf] s'g} klg ¿k xfdLnfO{
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 6s/fj
g]kfnL ;]gf;“u xf]Og
xfdL clgjfo{?kdf ;+3Lo u0ftGqdf hfg'k5{ . ;+3Lo
u0ftGqdf hfg /fhtGq;“u ;Demf}tf u/]/ xf]Og,
To;nfO{ k"0f{?kdf lgif]w u/]/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ .
/fhtGqsf] s'g} klg ¿k xfdLnfO{ :jLsfo{ 5}g . ef/tLo
x:tIf]ksf] lj?4 Psh'6 x'g eg] ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«jfbLx¿;Fu
df]rf{ agfP/ cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 .
rGb|k|sfz vgfn ‘anb]j’, k|jQmf– hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn
:jLsfo{ 5}g . ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf]
lj?4 Psh'6 x'g vf]Hof] eg] ;Dk"0f{
/fi6«jfbLx¿;Fu df]rf{ agfP/ cufl8
a9\g ;lsG5 .
) eg] k l5, nf ] s tGq / To:tf] vfnsf] lgsfo v8f ePsf]
/fli6 « o tfsf ] nflu
/fi6« j fbLx¿;F u ;fF 7 ufF 7 x' g
;S5 t/ /fhtGq kmsf{ p g
xf] O g <
xfdL a'h'{jf nf]stGq dfGb}gf}F .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df t ;+3Lo nf]stGq
xf] , ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGq xf] . xfdL
clgjfo{ ¿ kdf ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGqdf
hfg'k5{ . ;+3Lo u0ftGqdf hfg
/fhtGq;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/ xf]Og,
To;nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf lgif]w u/]/ cufl8
a9\g'k5{ . /fhtGq eGg' / s]xL
;fdGtjfbsf cjz]if / ;fdGtjbL
zlQmx¿ eGg' Pp6} s'/f xf]Og .
lxhf]sf ;fdGtjfbLx¿ ;+oQ' m df]rf{df
cfpg] ;Sb} g g\ eGg] t xf] O g,
/fhtGq;Fu lxhf]sf ;fdGtjfbL hf]
/fi6« j fbL klg 5g\ , ltgLx¿;F u
;Demf}tf x'g ;Sb}g eGg] kSs} xf]Og .
) tkfO{ + x ¿n] /fi6« j fbLx¿;F u
;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{ vf] H bf
tkfO{ + x ¿dfly /fhfjfbL eGg]
cf/f] k nfUof] , cgldgn]
eg ] s ff]] d fGbf c gld g
dfcf] j fbL eof] eGg] cf/f] k
nufP/ p;sf] Dofb gyKg]
sf]l;; x'Fb}5, o:tf] cj:yfdf
tkfO{ + x ¿ s;/L cufl8
a9\ g ' x ' G 5 <
;+oQ' m /fi6«;3+ Lo ld;g -cgldg_
:jtGq ;+ : yf xf] . p;n] a[ x t\
zflGt;Demf}tfdf h] pNn]v ePsf] 5,
ToxL s'/f dfq u5{ . cgldgn]
;xdltsf] ;xL JofVof ubf{
dfcf]jfbLsf] kIf lnPsf] cf/f]k cGo
bnx¿n] nufPsf 5g\ . h'g unt
5, /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf] nflu
/fhtGq jf ;fdGtjfbnfO{ lnP/
clxNo} ;+oQ ' m df]rf{ aGg] ;Defjgf
5}g . t/, /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] nflu
n8\g'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o
:jfwLgtf /Iffsf] nflu ;+o'Qm df]rf{
agfpg ;lsPg eg] clxn] ePsf]
afXo x:tIf]k 6'n6' n ' ' x]//] a:g'kg]{
x'G5 . xfd|f] /fli6«otfdfly ePsf]
x:tIf]k 6'n6' n ' ' x]//] a:g' /fi6«kl| tsf]
lhDd]jf/Lkg x'Fb}g . ;+3Lotfsf
kIfw/x¿, /fi6« j fbL h' g ;' s }
zlQmnufoftsfnfO{ ;Fu} lnP/ ;+oQ ' m
df]rf{dfkm{t\ :jfwLgtfsf] cfGbf]ngdf
hfg ;lsG5 .
) cgldgsf] Dofb ylkPg eg]
zflGtk| l qmof, ;]gf
;dfof] h gnufot cGo
k|lqmof layf]lng] lglZrt 5
xf]Og / <
cgldgafx] s ;+ ; f/df cGo
dWo:ytf ug]{ s'g} ;+:yf 5}g eGg]
xf] O g . t/, o;sf] ljsNkdf
/fhgLlts 5nkmn ePsf] 5}g .
klg 5}g . b'O{ ;]gf / xltof/ cnUu}
5g\ . ;+ljwfg ag]sf] 5}g, ;+3Lo
;+/rgfsf] af/]df k|Zg p7]sf] 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{
k7fpg' eg] s f] d' n ' s nfO{ k' g M
d'7e]8tkm{ n}hfg' xf] .
) /fi6« k lt, ;/sf/ / ;] g fsf]
cleJolQm x] b f{ zflGtk| l qmof
cj?4 x' g ] / d' n ' s k' g M
o' 4 df ws] l ng] vt/f
b]vfk/]sf] 5 lg, o; ljifodf
s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
d'ns ' nfO{ k'gM o'4df kmsf{pg lgs}
ufx|f] 5 . hgtf clxn] lgs} ;r]t
eO;s]sf 5g\ . d'n'ssf] /fhgLlt
;+qmd0fsfnLg 5 . /fi6«klt zf;g
nufP klg Tof] Ps dlxgf klg
l6Sb}g . olb d'n's km]l/ u[xo'4df
uof] eg] sNkgf u/]eGbf lgs} eofjx
x'G5 . ca x'g] o'4sf] af/]df sd}
dfG5]n] dfq cfFsng ug{ ;Snfg\ .
d'ns' o'4df hfg] clxn] s'g} ;Defjgf
5}g . s;}n] To:tf] sNkgf u5{ eg]
Tof] p;sf] d"v{tf dfq x'G5 .
) tkfO{ + s f] kf6L { s f cWoIf
…k|r08Ún] cl:t dfq ;+;bLo
Joj:yf c;kmn eof ] ,
;+ ; b\ n ] kfF r –kfF r k6ssf]
lgjf{ r gaf6 ;d] t d' n ' s nfO{
k| w fgdGqL lbg ;s ] g
eGg' e of] . s] tkfO{ + x ¿sf]
;+;bLo Joj:yfk|lt cljZjf;
p7]s} xf] t <
xfdLn] ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfnfO{
zfZjt ;To eg] s f 5} g f} F .
;+qmd0fsfndf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
ljZjel/ k|of]u ul/Psf ;+;bLo
cEof;x¿eGbf xfdL gofF 9Ën]
hfg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] egfO xf] . k'/fg}
tl/sfn] cufl8 a9\g vf]lhof] eg]
g]kfndf Tof] ;kmn x'Fb}g . bnLo
k|lt:kwf{sf] ;Gbe{df ca s]xL gofF
9Ën] ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .
k'/fg} 9/f{df cufl8 a9\g] sf]l;;
s;}n] u5{ eg] Tof] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
dfGo x'Fb}g . clxn] g]kfndf h'g
k|sf/sf] ;+;bLo cEof; ul/Fb}5,
a'hj{' f nf]stGqdf ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofnfO{
nluFb5 } , of] eg]sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
c;kmntf g} xf] .
) oL ;Dk"0f{ c;kmntfnfO{ x]bf{
tkfO{+x¿n] st} lg0ff{os o'4
5] 8 \ g ] ljrf/ t ug' { e Psf]
5} g <
clxn] tTsfn xfdLn] To;tkm{
;f]rs ] f 5}gf}F . of] rfxgfn] dfq x'bF g} ,
kl/l:yltdf e/ k5{ . clxn] s f]
j:t'ut l:ylt x]bf{ d'ns ' lg0ff{os
o'4df hfg'kg]{ cj:yfdf 5 . t/,
clxNo} g} xfdL ;r]ttfo'Qm o'4 5]8g\
hfFb}5f}F eGg]rflxF ;To xf]Og . xfd|f]
clwstd k| o f; hf/L
zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg]
g} x' G 5 . olb To;f] x' g s] x L
k' g ?{ T yfgjfbL k| l tlqmofjfbL
zlQmx¿n] /f]S5g\ eg] l:ylt stf
hfG5, clxNo} eGg ;lsFb}g .
) tkfO{ + x ¿sf] s] G b| L o ;ldlt
a}7s rln/x]sf] 5, ca kf6L{
s;/L cufl8 a9\ 5 <
kf6L{ l eq cGt/;+ 3 if{ klg
r'lnPsf] s'/f aflx/ cfO/x]sf]
5, jf:tljstf s] xf] <
Pp6f hLljt kf6L{leq cGt/;+3if{
rNg' :jefljs} xf] . kf6L{leqsf]
cGt/;+3if{ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf]
cEof;sf] cfwf/df xfdL xn u5f}{+ .
xfd|f] hf/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt a}7sdf
tLgj6f k|ltj]bg cfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{
xfdL xfd|f] tNnf] tx;Dd k'¥ofpF5f}F .
Jofks 5nkmnkl5 Pp6f /fli6«o
;Dd] n gdfkm{ t \ xfdL lgisif{ d f
k'¥ofpFb5f}F . xfd|f] kf6L{ ljefhgdf
hfnf eg] / ;f] R g} k b} { g . kf6L{
Psl9Ssf eP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
) Pdfn]n ] ;/sf/ u7g;DaGwL
cfˆgf] cjwf/0ffkq
;fj{ h lgs u/] s f] 5, To;df
p;n ] dfcf] j fbLnfO {
;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j ug{ glbg]
atfPsf] 5 . rf/} l t/af6
tkfO{ + x ¿nfO{ 3] / faGbL ubf{
klg tkfO{ + x ¿n] lg0ff{ o s
cf G b f ] ng
ng ug{ v' § f
sdfpg' e Psf] b] l vG5 lg <
xfdLdfly /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;a}
k|sf/sf 3]/faGbL ePsf 5g\ . s;}sf]
olb d'ns
' km]l/ u[xo'4df uof] eg] sNkgf
u/]eGbf lgs} eofjx x'G5. ca x'g] o'4sf]
af/]df sd} dfG5]n] dfq cfFsng ug{ ;Snfg\ .
d'ns' o'4df hfg] clxn] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g .
s;}n] To:tf] sNkgf u5{ eg] Tof] p;sf] d"vt{ f
dfq x'G5 .
g]kfnL ;]gfn] cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{
k7fpg'k5{ eGg' / h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7s
alx:sf/ ug'{n] d'n'sdf s]xL /fhgLlts
if8\oGq x'“b}5 eGg] a'‰g ufx|f] kb}{g .
ˆ3
3]/faGbLaf6 xfdL cflQxfNg'kg]{ /
xfdLn] s'g} csf]{ sbd rfNg'kg]{ h?/L
5}g . xfdL ;+;b\df 7"nf] bn xf},F s/f]8f}F
hgtfsf] dfemdf xfdL 5f}F . xfd|f]
Jojxf/åf/f xfdLn] hgtfsf] ljZjf;
k|fKt u/]sf 5f}F . To;sf/0f xfdL
s;}sf] 3]/faGbLaf6 cQflnxfNg' kg]{
s'g} sf/0f 5}g .
) k| r 08 y} j sf] xTofsf]
cf/f] k df ;' l ht ljsnfO{
k| x /Ln] kqmfp u/] s f] 5,
o;tkm{ kf6L{sf] Wofg uPsf]
5 ls 5}g <
;'lht ljssf] af/]df dnfO{
JolQmut¿kdf s]xL hfgsf/L 5}g .
lagf cg';Gwfg pgL g} xTof/f x'g\
eGg] k|x/Lsf] egfO{ ;xL xf]Og eGg]
dnfO{ nfU5 . cg';Gwfg /fd|f; ] uF xf];\
eGg rfxG5' . s;}n] cg'dfg u/]sf]
e/df xTofsf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp ug'{
Gofof]lrt x'Fb}g . olb pgn] xTof
u/] s f] k| d fl0ft ePdf pgnfO{
sfg'gcg';f/ sf/jfxL x'gk' 5{ .
) tkfO{+ hg;]gfsf] k|jQmf klg
x'g'x'G5, ;]gf ;dfof]hgaf/]df
hg;] g fnfO{ s;/L cfZj:t
kfg' { x ' G 5 <
g] k fnsf] jt{ d fg /fhgLlts
ult/f]wsf] af/]df xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
k+lQmdf nuftf/ nflu/x]s} 5f}F . xfd|f]
gLlt, of]hgf xfdLn] hg;]gfdf nfu]s}
5f}F . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 6s/fj g]kfnL
;]gf;Fu xf]Og, g]kfnL ;]gf olta]nf
/fli6« o ;xdltcg' ; f/ cufl8
a9fOPsf k|lqmofsf] dftxtdf 5 . xfdL
klg To;}sf] dftxtdf 5f}F . clxn]
g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gfaLr
6s/fjsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift ug'e { Gbf
klg xfdLn] clxn]sf] ult/f]wnfO{
l56f]eGbf l56f] lrg{ ;Sof}F eg]
To;aLrdf s;}n] v]Ng kfpFbg} .
ˆ4
ebf} !% / s'j]t, O/fsdf ?dlNnPsf] lhGbuL
O/fssf] cft+ssf/L ;d"xn] @)^!
;fn ebf} !% ut] laxfg /f]huf/Lsf]
l;nl;nfdf ef}tfl/Fb} O/fs k'us ] f !@
hgf g]kfnLx¿sf] cToGt} kf;ljs
tj/n] xTof u/]sf] lel8of] ;fj{hlgs
u/] s f] lyof] . cft+ s sf/Lx¿sf]
egfOcg';f/ cd]l/sg ;]gfnfO{ ;3fpg
O/fs cfPsfn] g]kfnLx¿sf] xTof ug{'
k/]sf] s'/f Tof] a]nf ;fj{hlgs u/] .
Tof] b'Mvb 36gfaf6 l;Ëf] d'ns ' :tAw
ePsf] lyof] / nfvf}F g]kfnLsf] cfqmf]zn]
s8f]/f}sF f] wghg Iflt x'g k'us] f] lyof] .
clxn] Tof] xTofsfG8 ePsf] 5 jif{ k"/f
ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ToxL
xTofsfG8sf sf/0f g]kfnLx¿ O/fs hfg
sfuhL k|ltaGw nufPsf] lyof] . xfd|f]
d'ns ' sf] ;/sf/, sfg'g lgdf{0f /
sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf lgsfox¿sf]
nfk/jfxL / u}/lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f
O/fsdf g]kfnL sfdbf/ hfg nufPsf]
k|ltaGwsf] kmfObf of] cjlwdf ;of}F dfgj
t:s/x¿n] p7fpg ;kmn ePs} sf/0f
cfh O/fsdf dfq} rfnL; xhf/sf]
xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿ lelqPsf
5g\ . ;/sf/n] nufPsf] k|ltaGwn]
a]/f]huf/L g]kfnLx¿ O/fs hfg /f]lsg'
t stf xf] stf, pN6} k|ltaGw
nufpg'eGbf klxnf krf;–;f7L xhf/
g]kfnL ?lkofF a'emfP/ O/fs hfg kfPsf
g]kfnLx¿n] sfuhL k|ltaGwkZrft\
sDtLdf Ps nfv krf; xhf/b]lv tLg
nfv;Dd a'emfpg' kg]{ afWofTds cj:yf
g] k fn ;/sf/s} s] x L ;DalGwt
lgsfox¿sf] ldn] d tf] d f dfgj
t:s/x¿n] v8f u/] / ;f]xLcg';f/sf]
/sd a'emfO{ xfn rfnL;f}F xhf/ g]kfnL
sfdbf/x¿ O/fsdf sfo{/t 5g\ . of]
cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfˆgf sfdbf/
/f]huf/Lsf nflu O/fs hfg sfuhL
¿kdf nufPsf] k|ltaGw k'ms'jf u/]sf]
5 . cfˆgf] d'ns ' sf] /fhg}lts cl:y/tf
/ åGåsf] rk]6fdf ?dlng'eGbf o'4u|:t
d'ns ' df uO{ Hofgsf] afhL yfk]/ eP
klg 7"nf] /sd sdfpg] lemgf] cfzf /
e/f];f af]s]/ O/fs k'u]sf g]kfnL
o'jfo'jtLx¿ cfk"m cj}wflgs -Olnun_
eP/ ToxfF sfd ug{' k/]sf]df eGbf klg
O/fsaf6 cfk"mnfO{ kmsf{Og] kf] xf] ls
eGg] lrGtfdf 5g\ . sf/0f, g]kfndf
lemgf] ¿kdf o'4sf] cGTo ePsf] elgP
tfklg /fhg}lts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f
zflGt ;'/Iffk|ltsf] hgljZjf; 3'Db}
uPsf] 5 . xTof, ckx/0f, rGbf,
cft+s, n'6kf6nufot dfG5] dfg]{ sfddf
s'g} sdL cfPsf] 5}g / cfpg] 5fF6sf6
klg b]lvFbg} . of] cj:yfdf :jb]zdf
a]/f]huf/ eP/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf]
xltof/ agL a:g'eGbf d/] dl/xflnof]
afFrd] f s]xL cfly{s pGglt ug]{ cfzfn]
g]kfnLx¿ o'4u|:t d'ns ' O/fsdf cfpg]
qmd a9]/ uPsf] lyof] / 5 . To;f] t
xTof ul/Ps} afx| g]kfnLx¿dWo]sf
cfkmGt / kl/jf/x¿ xfn
O/fsnufotsf o'4u|:t d'ns ' x¿df
sfo{/t gePsf xf]gg / O/fsleq}
kDNa/, On]S6«fl] gs l;og, d]l8l;og,
s's, j]6/, 8«fOe/, ;]So'l/6L, n]j/ cflb
OToflb k];fdf sfd ug]{ g]kfnLx¿sf]
;+Vof lbglbg} a9]/ uPsf] kfOG5 . tLg
jif{ s'jt] sf] km; s'jt] L sDkgLaf6 l6«k
lnP/ O/fs hfg] cfpg] u/]sf / b'O{
jif{ cufl8b] l v O/fssf]
COMPBHITRA 77
CONSTRUCTION sDkgLdf
sfo{/t Ps g]kfnLsf cg';f/ xfn
O/fsdf ;of}s F f] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿
sfo{/t /x]sf] s'/f kmf]gdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L
u/fP . pgn] cfˆgf] gfd pNn]v
gul/lbg] ;t{df pgL sfo{/t sDkgLdf
dfq} klRr; hgf g]kfnL r]nLx¿ ljleGg
k];fdf sfd ul//x]sf] ;d]t atfPsf
5g\ . g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ h;/L / h'g
tl/sfaf6 O/fs leqØfOG5 To;/L g}
;of}s
F f] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL r]nLx¿ leqØfpg
dfgj t:s/x¿ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
pgLnufot ToxfF k'u]sf ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnLx¿sf] lrGtf eg]sf] l5§}
afns[i0f l3ld/]
O/fsaf6 kmls{g' kg]{ kf] xf] ls eGg] g}
/x]sf] 5 . pgL eG5g\, klxnfsf] t'ngfdf
Tolt vt/f klg gePsf] / :jb]zdf
uP/ cfk"mn] hfg]sf] -8«fOe/_ k];fdf
lgw{Ss;Fu sfd u/]/ vfg klg glbg] /
lbgx's F f] aGb, x8\tfndf 8«fOe/ g}
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf] klxnf] lg;fgL x'gk' g]{
afWotf t 5Fb5 } , km]l/ ljb]zdf h:tf]
:jtGqk"js { sf] sfg'g :jb]zdf gePsfn]
7"nfa8fx¿n] u/]sf] uNtLsf] l;sf/ klg
xfdL kx'r F gePsf ;fgfx¿ x'gk' g]{
ePsfn] Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ eP klg
O/fsd} sfd ug{ dg ePsf] ;d]t
atfpg pgL kl5 k/]g . O/fsdf
afx|hgf g]kfnLsf] xTofsf sf/0f
tTsfnLg g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'jt] af6
cfˆgf gful/sx¿nfO{ O/fs l5g{ glbg
s'jt] ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf sf/0f
s'jt] ;/sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿nfO{
cfˆgf] d'ns ' x'bF } O/fs hfg k|ltaGw
nufPsf] lyof] / Tof] a]nf s'jt] sf]
cnxdbf sDkgLdf sfo{/t b'O{ ;o
k};¶Lhgf g]kfnLx¿dWo] tL;hgf hlt
sDkgLn] /fvL c? ;a}nfO{ :jb]z
kmsf{Psf] lyof] . :d/0f/xf];\ of] k+lStsf/
klg Tof] tfsf ToxL sDkgLdf cfPsf] /
kmls{PsfdWo]sf] Ps xf] . To;}u/L pSt
sDkgLdf /x]sfdWosf Pshgf g]kfnL
hf] O/fsdf ckx/0fdf ;d]t kl/;s]sf
/ O/fsdf afx| g]kfnLsf] xTof x'ge' Gbf
b'O{ dlxgf cufl8 dfq} cnxdbf
sDkgLdf cfPsf / xfn;Dd klg ;f]xL
sDkgLdf lgoldt ¿kdf O/fs uf8L -
6]n/_ lnP/ hfg]–cfpg] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
cfk"m O/fsdf ckx/0fdf k/]sf] af/]df
3/kl/jf/df hfgsf/L gu/fPsfn] cfˆgf]
gfd gn]lvlbg] ;t{df pSt 36gf, cGo
hfgsf/L / cg'ej ;'gfPsf lyP .
pgsf] egfOcg';f/ b'O{ jif{ cufl8 O/fs
sfGjo -krf;f}F uf8Lx¿sf] nfOg _ df
O/fs hfFb} ubf{ s'jt] sf] af]8/{ kf/ u/L
O/fs k|jz ] u/]sf] s]xL ;dokZrft\
O/fsL k'ln;sf] r]skf]i6 cufl8sf] a|s ] /
/ lhSofsdf uf8Lsf] ult sd ePsf]
df}sfdf k'ln;sf] abL{df cfPsf O/flsg]
pgnfO{ uf8L /f]Sg] O{zf/f u/]sfn] k'ln;
xf]nf egL pgn] cfk"mn] rnfPsf] uf8L
/f]ss] f lyP . uf8L /f]lsgf ;fy PSsfl;
pgsf] cufl8 Pp6f sf/ cfP/ /f]lsof]
/ pSt sf/af6 tLghgf O/fsL pqL
pgsf] uf8Lsf] b'j} kl§sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng
bafa lbO/xFbf k5fl8af6 cd]l/sg
cfdL{sf xDbL -xft xltof/n] ;';lHht
;fgf uf8L_ x¿ cfPsfn] pgnfO{ 5f8L
rf/}hgf O/flsx¿ sf/ r9L efu]sfn]
pgLdfly s'g} clk|o 36gf 36\g kfPg .
ltg} g]kfnLsf] egfO cg';f/ klxnfsf]
bfFhf]df xfn O/fsdf zflGt eP klg
s'jt] af6 O/fs l6«k -sfGjo_ lnP/
hfFbf cfpFbf eg] Tolt ;'/lIft gePsf]
atfP . hlta]nf O/fsdf Dofbf czflGt
lyof] Tolta]nf cd]l/sg cfdL{sf] :sl6ª
e/kbf]{ lyof] . t/, xfn klxnfsf] bfFhf]df
:sl6ªsf] Joj:yf dha't 5}g . oxL
df}sfsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} cft+ssf/Lx¿n]
sltv]/ s] ug{ x'g kQ} x'bF g} eg]
klxnfsf] h:tf] k"/} cjlw jf clGtd
:yfg;Dd cd]l/sg cfdL{n] :sl6ª
gu/L sltko cj:yfdf s'jt] af6
nluPsf sfGjox¿ O/fsL ;'/Iff kmf}hsf]
lhDdf nufO kmls{g] ePsfn] k'gM ebf}
!% gbf]l/Pnf eGg ;lsFbg} . pgsf] oL
egfOx¿sf] k'li6 lx6\sf] sDkgLaf6}
lgoldt O/fs uO/x] s f Ps
kfls:tfgLn] o;/L u/] . s]xL lbg
cufl8 dfq} lx6\sf] sDkgL s'jt] af6
O/fs uPsf] h] 6' gfdsf] -h;nfO{
nf]sn sfGjo ;d]t elgG5 _ sfGjo
O/fs k|jz ] u/]kl5 O/fsL k'ln;sf]
lhDdf nufO cd]l/sg cfdL{sf] :sl6ª
l6d kmls{of] . O/fsL ;'/Iff kmf}hn]
:sl6ª ul//x]sf] Tof] sfGjonfO{ s]xL
;dod} ck/0fsf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf]
lgoGq0f lnP / tLghgf kfls:tfgL
8«fOe/x¿sf] xTof u/] eg] ljleGg
d'ns ' sf s]xL 8«fOe/x¿nfO{ cfˆgf]
lgoGq0fdf lnPsf lyP . To:tf]
sfGjodf g]kfnL 8«fOe/x¿ ghfg]
ePsfn] Tof] 36gfdf s'g} klg g]kfnL
k/]gg\ . ltg} kfls:tfgL 8«fOe/sf]
egfOcg';f/ xfn O/fssf ljleGg
:yfg / Onfsfdf a;]sf O/fsL ;'/Iff
kmf}hx¿n] g} cd]l/sg :sl6ª l6dsf]
cfFvf 5nL ljz]ifu/L s'jt] af6 O/fs
uPsf] sfGjodfly 9'Ëf k|xf/ ubf{
sltko uf8Lx¿ Iflt ePsf /
8«fOe/x¿ klg 3fOt] eO/x]sf 5g\ .
:d/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] ljleGg
sDkgLdf /x]sf g]kfnL 8«fOe/x¿n]
h] 6' gfdsf] Tof] sfGjo jf cd]l/sg
cfdL{x¿n] :sl6ª gug]{ sfGjox¿df
cfk" m x¿ O/fs ghfg] egL w] / }
cufl8b]lv cf–cfˆgf] sDkgLx¿df
eg]sf / s]xL sDkgLx¿n] hah{:tL
k7fpg vf]Hbf cfGbf]ng;d]t u/]sfn]
k|foM sDkgLx¿n] - nf]sn sfGjodf_
O/fsL ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] sfGjodf
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ k7fpb}gg\ . o:tf]
ljBdfg cj:yfdf dfgj t:s/x¿n]
k|ltalGwt d'n's O/fs l5/fpg
ljleGg b]zx¿sf gfsfx¿ k|of]u u/]sf]
eP klg s'jt] cfpg eg] Tolt ;d:of
lyPg ÷ 5}g . cGo vf8L d'ns ' x¿df
h:t} g]kfnLx¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf nflu
d'Vo uGtJo :yfg ag]sf] s'jt] df olb
O/fsdf zflGt eP/ cd]l/sg ;]gf
lkmtf{ x'g] xf] eg] s'jt] df /x]sf xhf/f}F
g]kfnLx¿n] klg cfˆgf] /f]huf/Laf6
xft w'gk' g]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .
xfnsf] cj:yfdf s'jt] df klg O/fsdf
h:t} k];fdf /x]sf g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+Vof
pNn]vgLo eP klg s'jt] af6 O/fs
rNg] 8«fOe/x¿sf] ;+Vof eg] cToflws
dfqfdf ePsf] kfOG5 . cd]l/sg
cfdL{sf] k|ToIf sGjfsdf /x]sf
sDkgLx¿ h:t}M– lx6\sf], cOPlk,
cnxdbf, s]lhPn, l/ofn, hfl;d,
kL8An'l;, km; s'jt] Lnufotsf k|dv ' ;/sf/n] o:tf] lg0f{o u¥of] < olb
sDkgL 5g\ eg] s'jt] df /x]sf cGo
;fgf sDkgLx¿af6 klg g]kfnL
8«fOe/x¿ pNn]vgLo dfqfdf b}lgs
O/fs hfg] cfpg] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
hlt;'s} hf]lvdk"0f{ eP tfklg O/fs
hfgsf nflu cfk"m cfa4 sDkgLx¿sf
;'k/efOh/, kmf]/d]gx¿nfO{ cfˆgf]
xftdf kfg{ ' k g] { afWotf ;Dk" 0 f{
8« f Oe/x¿nfO{ ePh:t} g] k fnL
8«fOe/x¿n] klg O/fs l6«k lnP/
hfgsf nflu k"/f dlxgf jf cfwf
dlxgfsf] cfˆgf] kfl/>lds v'jfpg'
kg]{ afWotf 5 . To;f] x'gs ' f] d"n sf/0f
eg]sf] s'jt] 6' s'jt] uf8L rnfpFbf
!)) lbgf/b]lv !%) lbgf/;Dd dfq}
dfl;s kfl/>lds kfOg] / O/fs uPdf
eg] #)) lbgf/ -h;nfO{ s]l8 ;d]t
elgG5_ eGbf dfly dfl;s kfl/>lds
kfpg' g} xf] . gfd pNn]v gug]{ ;t{df
lx6\sf] sDkgLdf tLg jif{cufl8b]lv
8«fOe/ sfd ub}{ cfPsf Ps g]kfnLsf
cg' ; f/ cfk" m n] k6s–k6s
;'k/efOh/nfO{ cg'/f]w ubf{ klg O/fs
gk7fPsfn] s]xL s'j]tL lbgf/ /
O/fsaf6 NofPsf] r' / f] 6 sf
k]6Lnufotsf sf];n ] Lx¿ lbPkl5 kfFr
dlxgf cufl8b]lv lgoldt¿kdf O/fs
hfg] cfpg] u/]sf] atfP . pgL t
Pp6f gd'gf dfq} x'g\ k|foM ;a}sf]
cj:yf o:t} 5 . :jb]zdf a9\b} uPsf]
/fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f
a]/f]huf/Lx¿sf] ;d:of cToflws
dfqfdf a9]/ uPsf] of] cj:yfdf
ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx¿n] h'g;'s}
xTs08f ckgfP/ eP klg cf–cfˆgf]
/f]huf/L l6sfpg vf]Hg' cfkm}Fdf
uf}/jdo x'g' :jfefljs g} xf] eGbf
cTo'lSt gxf]nf . O/fs hfFbf dfq} xf]Og,
s'jt] d} h'g;'s} k];f / sfd ubf{ ;d]t
ladfnufotsf ;'ljwfx¿ clgjfo{
lbg'kg]{ lgod s'jt] ;/sf/sf] 5 .
To;f] t cd]l/sg cfdL{sf] clwgdf
/xL sfd ug{ ;a} sfdbf/x¿sf]
ladfnufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf ;'lawfx¿
lbg] k|df0f sDkgLx¿n] a'emfPkl5 dfq}
sfdbf/x¿sf] kl/rokq -h;nfO{
cl/ˆhg Aofh elgG5_ aG5 / s'jt] df
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ 8«fOe/x¿sf] ;fydf
pSt kl/rokq 5}g eg] pm g O/fs
hfg ;S5 g s'jt] d} uf8L rnfpg .
olt x'bF fx'bF } klg sltko sDkgLx¿n]
8«fOe/x¿ b'36{ gf k/L jf cGo s'g}
clk|o 36gf 36\g uO{ cËeË jf d[To'
ePdf ;d]t p;n] kfpg] ladf
a/fa/sf] /sdnufot s'g} klg ;]jf
;'ljwf a/fa/sf] /sd lbPsf] kfOFbg}
/ s'6gLlts kxnlagfsf] sfuhL
lg0f{on] vf;} sfd ub}g{ eGg] s'/f oxfF
k|dfl0ft x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg
xfd|f] b]zsf] ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt
lgsfox¿sf] Wofg k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfnL hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] cfˆgf]
Hofg ckL{ sdfP/ k7fPsf] -/sd_
/]ld6\ofG;n] b]z rn]sf] 5 eGg]x¿n]
cfkt kbf{ xr'jfsf] e/df k|ltaGw
nufO{ xhf/f} F – xhf/ g] k fnLsf]
/f]huf/LnfO{ w/fk kfg{ / yf]/} cK7\of/f]
kgf{;fy s'g} cg';Gwfg / ;DalGwt
d' n ' s x¿sf ;/sf/x¿l;tsf]
s'6gLlts kxnlagf k|ltaGw k'ms'jf
u/]/ emf/f 6fg]{ sfdafx]s s'g} /fd|f]
sfd u/]sf] jf j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf
/x]sf nfvf}F nfv g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf]
lxtdf ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt
lgsfox¿sf] Hofg uOsf] kfOFbg} .
Tolt dfq} xf]Og xfn O/fsdf /x]sf
g]kfnL sfdb/x¿ dfly nufPsf]
k|ltaGw k'ms'jf u/]/ s]xL /fd|f] lg0f{o
u/]sf] b]lvP klg g]kfnaf6 l;w} /
j}wflgs tj/n] O/fs hfg kfpg'kg]{
k|ltalGwt cj:yf eg] sfod} /fvL k'g
dfgj t:s/x¿nfO{ g} kmfObf k'¥ofPsf]
b]lvG5 | æx===nfO{eGbf b]Vg]nfO{ nfh
eg]sf] oxL xf]Æ O/fsleq sfd ug{ kfpg]
t/ hfg gkfpg] of] s:tf] lg0f{o xf] <
lsg / s;sf] bafadf k/L g]kfn
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf nflu O/fs hfg
rfxg] g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf] kIf]df xfd|f]
;/sf/ / ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ nfUg]
xf] eg] tTsfn O/fsL ;/sf/, s'jt] df
/x]sf] O/fssf] ;Dk"0f{ cj:yf x]g{]
cd]l/sg cfdL{sf] pRr lgsfo,
cd]l/sg b"tfjf; s'j]tnufotsf
cfjZos lgsfox¿l;t s'6gLlts kxn
u/L O/fsdf sfd ug{ ] cfˆgf
gful/sx¿sf] ;'/Iff, ladfnufotsf
ljifox¿df k"0f{ Wofg k'¥ofO{ g]kfnaf6}
j}wflgs tl/sfn] /f]huf/Lsf nflu
g]kfnLx¿ O/fs hfg kfpg' kg{] lg0f{o
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug{s ] f] ljsNk 5}g .
xfn;fn} dfq s'jt] sf nflu g]kfnL
b"tfjf; :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . of]
pNn]vgLo kIo xf] . pSt b"tfjf;sf]
sfo{If]q a9fO O/fs x]g{] lhDdf ;f]xL
b"tfjf;nfO{ lbFbf pko'St x'g hfG5 .
o;f] ubf{ O/fsdf /x]sf cfˆgf
sfdbf/x¿sf] cflwsfl/s tYofÍ;d]t
/fVg g;s]sf] kfls:tfgl:yt g]kfnL
b"tfjf;sf] emf/f 6fg]{ k|ljlwaf6 yf]/}
dfqfdf eP klg O/fsdf /x]sf g]kfnL
sfdbf/x¿n] /fxtsf] dx;'; ug{] lyP
ls < O/fsl;t l;w} ;dGjog ug]{
d'Vo lgsfox¿ -hf] dfly g} pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5_ s'jt] d} /x]sfn] klg O/fs
x]g{] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ g]kfnL b"tfjf;
s'jt] nfO{ lbg] lg0f{o ;DalGwt lgsfo
/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . o;f]
ePdf dfq} O/fsdf /x]sf g]kfnL
sfdbf/x¿n] ;'/Iff / /fxtsf] dx;';
ug{ ;S5g\ . ;DalGwt kIfx¿n]
tTsfn oL / o:tf cgluGtL
;d:ofx¿df Wofg k'¥ofPdf dfq} cfˆgf
gful/sx¿n] k7fPsf] /sd -
/]ld6\ofG;_ af6 b]z rn]sf] 5 eGbf
ljb]zdf /x]sf nfvf}n F fv g]kfnLx¿sf]
cfTdan a9\g] 5 / ljb]zdf eP klg
g]kfnL ePsf]df uf}/j ug{;Sg]5g\ .
– 6'sr ' f, & sfe|÷] xfn-, s'jt]
@)^& ;fn ebf} !# ut] cfOtaf/
ljlrq ;+;f/
sk8feGbf 7"nf] jIf ePsf] cf/f]kdf avf{:t
sf7df8f}F . cfˆgf] z/L/sf] ;'Gb/tfsf sf/0f l;6L a}s + af6 lgsflnPsL
8]af| xnL nª/]hgfn] pSt a}s + lj?4 d'2f xfNg] ePsL l5g\ . nª/]hgfn] a}sn]
pgLdfyL e]befj u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . o;eGbf cufl8 pgn] pSt
a}s+ dfly cfˆgf] sk8fdf a}s + n] nufPsf] cfklQsf af/]df ;d]t d'2f bfo/
ul/;s]sL l5g\ . clxn] pgn] a}s + nfO{ pgL dlxnf ePsf]n] lnËe]b u/]sf]
cf/f]k;d]t nufPkl5 a}s + d'l:sndf km;]sf] 5 . o:t} nª/]hgf tyf pgsf
jsLn Unf]l/of cf]n + /]8n] l;6L a}s+ dfly dfgjflwsf/ xggsf] ;d]t cf/f]k
nufPsL l5g\ . xfn} nª/]hgfn] Ps aofgdf cfk"m k"0f{kl| zlIft gePsf]n]
s}og lbgb]lv a}s + n] pgnfO{ x6fpg rfn rn]sf] atfP . ;aeGbf klxn]
a}s
+ n] pgL lgs} ;'Gb/ ePsf]n] pgn] ubf{;uF } sfd ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] Wofg eË
ePsf] cf/f]k nufPsf] lyof] . kl5 a}s + n] pgnfO{ sk8feGbf 7"nf] jIf ePsf]
cf/f]kdf a}s
+ af6 avf{:t u/]sf] lyof] . t/ a}sn] pgsf] cf/f]kdf s'g} bd
gePsf] tyf o;af/]df kqsf/ sxfF k'Ug gx'g] lj1lKt lgsfn]sf] 5 .
e"sDk lg/f]ws cf]5o\ fg
a]Olhª . rLgsf Ps j[4n] e"sDk lg/f]ws cf]5\ofg agfPsf 5g\ .
pQm cf]5\ofg e"sDk cfPkl5 alnof] afs;df kl/0ft x'g] ;/sf/L ;~rf/
dfWodn] hgfPsf 5g\ . l8hfOg/ jfª j]G;Ln] pQm cf]5\ofgdf vf]kfgLsf]
af]tn, vfgfsf] a§f, d]ufkmf]g tyf 3gsf] ;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ . o;
cf]5\ofgdf ;'t]sf] dflg;nfO{ e"sDk cfPsf a]nf s]xL lbg;Dd ;d:of
gk/f];\ eGg] b[li6sf]0fn] oL j:t'sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] jfªnfO{ pw[t ub}{ b
rfOgf 8]nLn] hgfPsf] 5 . a9L ef/ yfDg ;Sg] af]8{af6 agfOg] of]
cf]5\ofg e"sDk cfpgf;fy afs;df kl/0ft x'G5 / o;leq /xg] dflg;
;'/lIft aG5 . …j]gr'jfg / o';'df uPsf e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltkl5 d}n]
o:tf] cf]5\ofg agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] x'FÚ, ^^ jifL{o jfªn] eg] . pgL
l;lhofem'jfª ;x/sf afl;Gbf x'g\ . ;g\ @))* sf] d] dlxgfdf l;r'jfg
k|fGtsf] j]gr'jfgdf uPsf] e"Skdf k/L *& xhf/ dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf]
lyof] . o;}u/L, ut clk|ndf lr+3fO{ k|fGtsf] o';'l:yt ltAatL a:tLdf
e"sDk hfFbf b'O{ xhf/ ;ft ;o dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n]
jfªnfO{ pQm cf]5\ofgsf] k]6]G6 clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . jfªn] k|fKt
u/]sf] k|df0fkq af]ss
] f tl:j/ ;/sf/L klqsfn] 5fk]sf 5g\ . o; cf]5o\ fgn]
OF6 tyf kmnfdsf /8sf] e/;d]t axg ug{ ;Sg] jfªn] atfPsf 5g\ .
pgn] o:t} lsl;dsf cGo kfFrj6f j:t'sf] cflj:sf/ u/] klg s'gn } fO{ klg
Joj;flos¿kdf pTkfbg u/]sf 5}gg\ . tL cflj:sf/ s]–s] x'g\ eGg] klg
v'nfOPsf] 5}g . pgL lgj[Q k|fljlws sd{rf/L x'g\ – PPkmkL
/S;L klg OGwg
:s6NofG8sf j}1flgsn] lXj:sL pTkfbg ubf{ ar]vr ' s
] f] sRrf kbfy{af6
OGwg pTkfbg u/]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ h}ljs OGwgsf] ju{df /flvPsf] 5 . o;
OGwgsf] k]6]G6 clwsf/sf nflu Pl8ga/f ljZjljBfnon] lgj]bg klg
lbPsf] 5 . /S;Laf6 ag]sf] OGwg xfn k|of]udf /x]sf] h}ljs OGwg PGyf]nsf
t'ngfdf #) k|ltzteGbf a9L k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿n] o;
OGwgdfly b'O{ jif{b]lv cWoog ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;o jif{eGbf
k'/fgf] sRrf kbfy{nfO{ ;d]t OGwg pTkfbgdf k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . lXj:sL
hlt k'/fgf] eof], Tolt g} d"Nojfg\ dflgG5 . /S;Laf6 agfOg] OGwgn] ahf/
eg] lng g;Sg] j}1flgsx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . …of] lgs} dxFuf] kg]{ ePsfn]
;a}n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb}gg\Ú, cWoog bnsf k|dv ' k|fWofks dfl6{g 6]u+ gn] eg] .
pgsf cg';f/ /S;Laf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] OGwgsf] gfd Ao'6fgf]n /flvPsf] 5 .
o;n] k]6f« n
] n] hlQs} sfd u5{ . ;f]r] hlt g} ;kmntf k|fKt eP Ao'6f]gf]nnfO{
cfufdL b'O{ jif{leq ahf/df NofOg] 6]u+ gn] atfP . cGo h}ljs OGwgsf nflu
;jf/L;fwgdf yk oGqsf] Joj:yf ug'k{ /] klg /S;Laf6 pTkflbt OGwgsf
nflu eg] o:tf] Joj:yf ug'g{ kg]{ 6]u+ gn] atfP . – Ph]G;L
uf9f /ªsf] rsn]6 d'6s' f nflu /fd|f]
cd]l/sfdf ul/Psf] Ps zf]wsf cg';f/ h'g dlxnfn] ;ftfdf sDtLdf b'O{
k6s uf9f /ªsf] rsn]6 vfG5g\, pgLx?df Åbo/f]usf] vt/f sd x'g] u/]sf]
kQf nufPsf] 5 . zf]wsf cg';f/ x/]s lbg rsn]6 vf]g] dlxnfx?nfO{ Tof]
kmfObf ePg h'g Ps jf b'O{ k6s rsn]6 vfg] dlxnfnfO{ eof] . o:tf
dlxnfnfO{ Åbo3ft x'g] vt/f afFsL dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf tLg u'gf sd x'G5 .
cd]l/sg x6{ P;f]l;P;gsf] Pp6f klqsf b af]:6g :68Lsf cg';f/ ut (
jif{sf qmddf :jL8]gsf #@ xhf/ dlxnfdf of] zf]w ul/Psf] lyof] . oL
dlxnfx?sf] pd]/ $* b]lv *# jif{;Ddsf] lyof] . 8fOl6l;pgsf cg';f/ tL
dlxnf hf] x/]s lbg rsn]6 vfG5g\ pgLx?df Åbo3ftsf] vt/f sd x'Gg .
zf]wsf cg';f/ !( df #) u|fd;Dd uf9f /ªsf] rsn]6 vfFbf Åbo3ft x'g]
vt/f #@ k|ltzt;Dd sd x'G5 . t/ zf]wsf cg';f/ tL dlxnf hf] x/]s lbg
rsn]6 vfG5g\ pgLx?df Åbo3ft x'g] vt/f sd x'Gg . zf]wstf{x?sf
cg';f/ ;ftfdf Ps jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L jf sd rsn]6 vfFbf Åbo3ftsf] vt/f
sd ug{] uf9f /ªsf rsn]6sf] c;/ sd x'g] ub{5 . zf]wstf{x?n] o;f] klg
eg]sf 5g\ ls w]/} a9L rsn]6 vfg' :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s klg 5 lsgls
o;df lrgL / j;fsf] dfqf lgs} a9L x'G5 . o;sf] ;]jgaf6 dflg;sf] tf}n
a9\b5 . t/ o; ljifodf klxnf] ul/Psf] zf]wsf cg';f/ rsn]6df nfjfgfN;
ef/L dfqf x'G5 h;n] /StrfknfO{ sd ub{5 . o;af6 Åbo3ft aRg ;lsG5 .
o; If]qdf sfd ug{x] ?sf] bfjLcg';f/ ljz]ifu/L d'6' /f]u;Fu ;DalGwt cfˆg}
k|sf/sf] of] klxnf] zf]w x]f . af]:6gsf d]l8sn ;]G6/sf 8fS6/ d/] ld6nˆofgsf
cg';f/ tkfO{+ of] tYonfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{;Sg' x'G5 ls rsn]6df Sofnf]/L 7"nf]
dfqfdf x'G5 / of] vfFbf tf}n a9\g] vt/f sfod /xG5 . 8f= d/] ld6nˆofg
eG5g\– olb uf9f /ªsf] rsn]6 plrt dfqfdf vfg] xf] eg] of] :km'lt{sf] /fd|f]
ljsNk xf] .zf]wstf{x?sf cg';f/ h'g rsn]6df a9L sf]sf] x'G5 Tof] Åbosf
nflu /fd|f] x'G5 . uf9f /ªsf] rsn]6df sf]sf] &% k|ltzt;Dd x'g] ub{5 hals
;fdfGo ldNs rsn]6df of] @% k|ltzt jf Tof]eGbf sd x'g ;Sb5 . a[l6z x6{
kmfp08]zgsf al/i7 8fOl6l;og ljS6f]l/of 6]n/sf cg';f/ of] zf]waf6 of]
;flat x'G5 ls xfd|f] vfgfdf ;xL tTjsf] plrt dfqfdf x'g' slt dxTjk"0f{ 5 .
ljS6f]l/of 6]n/ eG5g\– ha tkfO{+ rsn]6 vfg' x'G5 ta of] Wofg /fVg';\ ls
rsn]6df h'g PlG6cflS;8]G6 kfOG5 Tof] kmn / t/sf/Ldf klg x'g] ub{5 . /
rsn]6df em}F To;df af];f] jf Sofnf]/Lsf] dfqf clws dfqfdf x'G5 .
@)^& ;fn ebf} !# ut] cfOtaf/
cefj, g]tf / anfTs[t ;'b"/klZrd
ltd|f nflu Hofg lbG5',ltdL d]/f]
dgsf] /fhf of] t ;a eGg] s'/f g xf] .
;'b/" klZrd hxfF /fHosf] gh/
k'Ub}g . ;'b"/klZrd hxfF @! cf}F
ztfAbLdf klg hgtfx¿ l;6fdf]n
gkfP/ d5{g\ . ;'b"/klZrd hxfF
ljBfno geP/ ljBfyL{x¿ ;ft 306f
lxF85\ g\ . ;'b/" klZrd hxfF 5'jf5't
5 . ;'b"/klZrd hxfF hgtfx¿
ljsf;sf sof}F ;kgf b]V5g\ t/ tL
;kgfx¿ ;w}F Psfb]zsf syf x'G5g\ .
;'b'/klZrd hxfF cefj, clzIff,
a]/f]huf/L, 5'kf5't, 5fpk8L, b]psL
k|yf cem} JofKt 5 . ;'b"/klZrd
hxfFsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf # rf]6L, nf]sG] b|
rGb # rf]6L k|3fgdGqL eO;s]sf
5g\ . ;'b/" klZrd u0ftGq g]kfndf
;+ljwfgsf] hggL PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] ;a}h;f] If]qdf cfˆgf] lht
bh{ u/]sf] 7fpF . of] ToxL ;'b/" klZrd
xf] hxfF cfP/ lul/hf, k|r08, b]pjf,
dfwj g]kfnnufotsf g]tfx¿sf
oxfFsf hgtfx¿sf kL8f ;Daf]wg ug]{
afrf t k6s–k6s u/]sf 5g\ . t/,
/fhwfgL kms{g ljdfgsf] l6s6
sf6\gl] alQs} ;'b/" klZrd b"/sf] klZrd
x'G5 . hxfF g]tfx¿sf] gh/ k'Ub}g\ .
pgLx¿n] sf7df8f}s F f] vfN8f]nfO{ dfq
g]kfn b]V5g\ . of] dflysf] uLtsf] Ps
cz+ d}n] ;'b/" sf nflu ;kgf afF8/]
hfg] g]tfx¿nfO{ eGg vf]hs ] f] x'F .
g]kfnLkgsf] klxrfg :yflkt ug{
;'b/" n] sof}F Tofu, ;d{k0f / alnbfg
u/]sf] t/ abnfdf 3[0ff, lt/:sf/,
ckdfg / d[To' pkxf/ lbPsf] 5 .
k|sl[ tn] klg 7u]sf] ;'b/" nfO{ u0ftGq
g]kfnsf c;kmn g]tfx¿n] klg 7Ug
;' ? u/] s f 5g\ . eLdbQ kGt,
kxndfg :jfF/, hok[YjL l;x+, lbks
lai6, lj/fh e§ hGdfpg] ;'b/" cfh
km]l/ Ps k6s cfkm}n F fO{ k|Zg ub}5{ .
s] oxL xf] gofF g]kfn, o:t} lgolt
ef]Ug'k5{, s] cem} oxfFsf hgtfx¿
vfg gkfP/ dg'k{ 5{, ljZjljBfno
gkfP/ sf7df8f}F d} bf}l8g'k5{, pkrf/}
kmi6fp“b} 5 ladf Joj;fo
sf7df8f}F . 5 bzssf] Oltxf;
af]ss ] f] g]kfnsf] ladf Joj;fo kl5Nnf]
jif{x?df s]xL kmi6fpFb} uPsf] kfOPsf]
5 . ladf ;ldltn] ut cfly{s jif{
@)^^÷)^& df b]ze/sf ljleGg ladf
sDkgLdfkm{t\ ?= !% ca{ $) s/f]8sf]
sf/f]af/ u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;ldltn]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYofÍcg';f/ hLjg
ladfaf6 ?= cf7 ca{ () s/f]8 /
lghL{jg ladfaf6 ?= 5 ca{ %) s/f]8
sf/f]af/ ePsf] xf] . g]kfndf lghL If]qsf
!^ j6f sDkgLn] lgh{Lg{ , cf7j6f sDkgLn]
hLjg / /fli6«o ladf ;F:yfgn] hLjg
tyf lghL{jg b'a} lsl;dsf] ladf ug{]
u/]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{
@)^%÷)^^ df b]ze/sf ljleGg @%
ladf sDkgLn] lghL{jgdfkm{t\ ? 5 ca{
%) s/f]8 / hLjg ladfdfkm{t\ ?= rf/
ca{ $) s/f]8 u/L ?= !) ca{ ()
s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf lyP . g]kfndf
klxnf]k6s ladf Joj;fo lghL If]q
cGtu{tsf] g]kfn OGof]/G] ; sDkgL
lnld6]8n] @))$ ;fn c;f]h * ut]af6
k|f/De u/]sf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . Toltv]/
lghL{jg ladfaf6 dfq ladf Joj;fo
;'? ePsf] lyof] . ladf P]g, @)$( n]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ladf ;ldltn]
lads btf{sf] nflu ljleGg k|lqmof k"/f
ug{k' g{] x'G5 . ladssf ;~rfnsdWo]
sDtLdf PsltxfO ;~rfns :gfts jf
;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf] / sDtLdf
PsltxfO ;~rfns pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf
k];fut ;]jfdf ;+:yfks jf ;~rfns
/xL sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]
x'gk' g{] 5 . ladf ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f=
kmToaxfb'/ s];Ln] dflg;df hLjg /
j:t'kl| tsf] hf]lvdsf ;Gb{edf r]tgf
j[l4 x'bF } uPsfn] k|To]s jif{ladfsf] sf/f]af/
ˆ5
gdg]{ ;kgf b]v,] s;}n] :s'n k9\g
o'jf x's
“ f/ ;fu/ kGt
blIf0fsf] c:jfefljs 5fof“
ax; kfpg] ;kgf b]v] dfgf}F pgLx¿n] ;f]r]
;+ljwfg eg]sf] ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ ;fIfft\
d'n'ssf] /fli6«otf olta]nf Oltxf;sf] ;a}eGbf hl6n df]8df k'u]sf]
5 . g]kfndf ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ng g]kfnL hgtfn]
s]zj/fh hf]zL -cfsfz_ b]jtf xf] eg]/ t/ lj8Dagf tL ub}{ cfpFbf To;;Fu;Fu} /fli6«otfsf] ;+3if{ / cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qaLrsf]
rfxgfx¿ cem} k"/f x'g ;s]gg\ . ;+3if{ klg rNb} cfPsf] 5 . xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 lglZrt ;Ldf+lst
k|sl[ tn] klg 7u]sf] ;'b/" nfO{ u0ftGq g]kfnsf c;kmn cfzfsf] TofGb|fd] f em'l08P/ afFRg ufx|f] e"uf]nleq /fhgLlts Joj:yf ;~rfng ug]{ cfˆg} :jtGq d"n sfg'g,
g]tfx¿n] klg 7Ug ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . eLdbQ kGt, kxndfg x'G5 ;kgfn] s]xL ;do t hLjglt/ /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, sfg'gL dfkb08 agfOPsf] lglZrt If]qnfO{
:jfF/, hok[YjLl;x+, lbks lai6, lj/fh e§ hGdfpg] ;'b/" cfh hfg k|l] /t u5{ lxF8b\ } hfFbf ;kgf k"/f /fi6« elgG5 . Pp6f /fi6«leq cfˆg} k|sf/sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts
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dfq s0ff{nL k'nn] g]kfn;Fu hf]8s ] f] d'ns ' olta]nf ;/sf/ u7gsf] v]ndf of] n8fOFnfO{ ;a}n] ;fy lbg'k5{ . /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f ;j{xf/f /fi6«jfbdf cfwfl/t 5 eg] c? bnx?sf] /fli6«otf
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of] If]qsf ;kgfx¿df cfuf] nufPsf cfjZostf k"/f x'g] cfzfn] sof}n F ] ;'b/" klZrd xf]Og ;'Gb/ ;'b/" klZrd . hf]ufpg g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«jfbL zlQmx? Psh'6 x'g}k5{ . qmflGtsf/L
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F L Pslqt x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . panta_sagar@yahoo.com
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tf/dtf/ l;6L aemfpFb} ;f]xLadf]lhd
xftsf] …;f/fn] k"j{b]lv klZrd /
klZrdb] l v k" j { l t/ hfg ;jf/L
;fwgnfO{ a8f] sd{sf ;fy ;+st] ub}{
lyP . d lglj{sNk cfˆg} :yfgdf
pleP/ rf/}lt/ ToxfFsf] b[ZonfO{ lgofNg
yfn], pgn] lglb{i6 u/]cg';f/sf lbzfdf
uf8Lx¿ /ˆtf/df s'lb/x]sf lyP, ToxfF
s'g} klg /f]sfj6 lyPg, /f]sfj6 gcfcf];\
eGg] k|oTg ePsf] k|:6 efg klg x'GYof],
af6fdf lxF8g\ ] a6'jfx¿, csf{n] n]gdf
a;]sf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ a8f] ;flngkgf
b]vfpFb} s]jn cufl8 a9\g] ltg}
6«flkmssf] Ozf/fsf] kvf{Odf a;]sf
b]lvGy], d sNkg afWo ePF, sf7df8f}s F f
clwsf+z ;8sdf k}bn ofqLx¿sf]
nflu cfsf;] k'n, 6«flkms aQL, :jod\
;]js -;do–;dodf_ tyf 6«flkms
k|x/L sf] lglb{i6 Ozf/f cflbsf]
afah'b klg ;a}n] kfngf ug{'kg]{
cs] n f
hgtf ;w}F qf;bLdf -cWofb]zn] b]z
rnfpg ;Sg], ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/
;ky v' j fpg;Sg] axfb' / x¿sf
£ofDkfdf 3fd lsg slxNo} nfUb}g <
-lsg, p3|Fb}g slxNo} logsf] a'l4sf]
lasf]{ / lsg kmf6\b}g b]zdf 5fPsf]
ladltsf] sfnf] afbn / lsg x'Fb}g
oxfF slxNo} /fxtsf] jiff{ -hf];'s}
k| w fgdGqL ag] klg, hf] ; ' s } n ] ,
hlt~h]nsf nflu ;/sf/ rnfP klg
cfpFbf lbgx¿ Tolt ;xh x'g] 5}gg\,
hlt ls 7flgPsf] 5 . z]if gf}
dlxgfdf logn] zflGt, ;+ljwfg,
l:y/tf / hgtfsf] /fd|fsf] lhGbuL
;'rf? ug{sf, ljutsf] ;dLIff ug{sf
vr{g'kg]{ x'G5 . gq km]l/ d'lG6g] /
df6f] vfg'kg]{ l:ylt aGg ;S5 . sxfF–
slt df/ vfOof], sxfF vfOPg . sxfF,
s;/L lrlKnOof] , sxfF lrlKng]
;Defjgf 5, To;tkm{ Wofg lbOg'
h?/L 5, h;sf] lglDt km]l/ klg
logsf] b'O{ 56fssf] lubL tfTg}5 .
km]l/ klg logLx¿aLr dfyfkRrL
x'g}5 . ufnf /ftf ug}{k5{ . t}klg
hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngsf] rfxgf
/2Ls} 6f]s/Ldf ˆofFlsg] 5 . o;y{,
ha;Dd b| J olkzfrx¿dfly
hgtfsf] cGwelSt k"0f{¿k]0f ;dfKt
eP/ gfnfosx¿n] ;Gof; lnFb}gg\,
ta;Dd g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] cfhfbL
sNkg} dfq ug{ klg xf:of:kb x'g5 ] .
zflGt zAb hlt s0f{lk|o 5, Tolt
g} clk|o o;sf] Jojxfl/stfdf 5 .
lsgls, o;sf] l;wf ;DaGw
hg;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg d'2f;Fu 5 .
cem} o;n] dfG5]sf] 6fpsf] vfg} 5,
dfyfkRrL x'g} 5, /ftf] ufnf ug}{
5 . bfx|f, gª\u|fn] Pscsf{sf] 5lj
sf]kg}{ 5, lryf]g}{ 5, /utfDo kfg}{
5 . ;'Ggdf hlt dhf cfpg'kg]{ xf],
TolQ dhf gcfPsf] / To;df
g]tfx¿sf] s'/f] gldn]sf] d'2f ePsfn]
zflGt' zAbnfO{ hlt ;xhtfsf ;fy
p7fOof], Tolt g} ;xhtfsf ;fy
;N6fOPsf] eP ;xdtLo /fhgLlt
PsfPs ladltsf] le/df kSs}
ws]lng] lyPg / d'n'ssf] of] b'b{zf
x'g] lyPg . b'O{ jif{df b'Oj{ 6f ;/sf/
/ ljb]zL ldqx¿sf] 7f8f] x:tIf]ksf
afah'b klg 6'Ëf]df gk'u]sf] zflGt,
;+ljwfg / /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf] ol:f]
6G6f] t];f| ] gofF ;/sf/n] 6'ËØfof] eg]
aNn hgtfn] dfGg]5g\ ls xfF efO,
b]/ cfP, b'?:t cfP Û cu|ufdL
Go"gtd Jojxf/ klg kfngf gubf{
cfsl:ds b'36{ gf, pknAw ;]jfsf]
cg'pkof]u, 6«flkms Joj:yfkgdf
c;kmntf h:tf 36gfx¿ b}lgs h:tf]
b] l v/x] s f] d, tL b' j } b[ Z onfO{
dfg;k6ndf dGyg u/fpb} lyPF k'gM
km]l/ d]/f] sfgdf ;fO{/gsf] h:tf] csf{
cfjfh 7f]lSsg k'U5, d em:sFb,} cfk"mdf
p7]sf dgsf t/Ëx¿nfO{ x6fpFb} cfjfh
cfPlt/ cfFvf 8f]¥ofpFbf, Tot}lt/ emg\
d]/f cfFvf s]lGb|t x'G5g\, 6f9faf6 Tof]
cfjfh glhlsFb} cfO/x]sf] lyof],
glhlsPsf] Tof] cfjfh ;fFlRrs} 6«flkms
;jf/L df]6/;fOsnsf] /x]5, nuftf/
aHb} cfPsf] Tof] cfjfh dnfO{ gf3]/
cufl8 a9\of], ;f]xL ;dodf pg}
6«flkmssf] l;¶L, xftsf] Ozf/f, z/L/
emg\ rnfodfg ePsf] b]Vb5' jfxfM Æsd{
ug{ t o:tf], lbnf]Hofg nufP/====Æ
dgdg} pgnfO{ cfTdfn] ;]No'6 ug{ dg
nfU5, glhs uP/ z/L/df :ofaf;Lsf]
wfk dfg{ dg nfU5, ;fFlRrs} d
efjgfTds¿kdf Psbd} t/lËt eP/
b[ZonfO{ lgofnL /x]sf] x'G5' ;f]xL ;dodf
;fO{/gnfO{ k5\ofpFb} Pp6f em08fjfnf
uf8L cufl8 cfpF5, alQPs} qmddf
cufl8 a9\b5, d To;} uf8LnfO{ x]/L
/xg] k|of; u5{ hlthlt ;fO{/gsf]
cfjfh dw'/f] x'bF } hfG5 ToltTolt
em08fjfnf uf8L kgL d]/f] b[Zoaf6
k'g;{/+ rgf;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg n]v/] hf/L
ug'{ 7§f xf]Og . k"j3{ f]lift /fHox¿k|lt
pAh]sf cfklQ, cfqmf]z / lj/f]wnfO{
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;Daf]wg ug{ gofF
k|wfgdGqL / gofF ;/sf/;Fu s'g}
hfb"sf] 58L of lbJozf:q t 5}g .
otf, dw];jfbsf] d'2fdf dw];jfbL
bnx¿ P]Soa4, sl6a4 / k|lta4
5g\ . To;sf] lglDt 8] 9 nfv
ju{lsnf]ld6/ e"ldnfO{ sfFqmf]em}F lr/]/
@* xhf/ ju{ l snf] l d6/ -s" n
If]qkmnsf] !*=% k|ltzt_ e"efudf
dw];sf] em08f kmx/fpg] lkm/fsdf
dw];Lx¿ 5g\ / dw];sf gfsfx¿af6
s]lGb|s[t /fHon] lng] u/]sf] ^!
k|ltzt /fh:jdf cfˆg} clwsf/
x'gk' g]{ dw];sf] leqL ds;b klg 5 .
Tof] ; F u } t/fO{ s f e" l dut ;z:q
;d"xx¿;Fu / k"/} b]z, ;dfh / cfˆg}
kmGbf aGb} u/] s f] hftLotfsf]
kf;f]af6 d'St x'g p PSn}n] s'g}
lxDdt g} ug{;Sg]5 . dfcf]jfbLafx]s
h'g;'s} bnx¿ ldn]/ ;/sf/ agfP
klg k//fi6« dfldnfdf pgLx¿n] vf;}
6fpsf] b'vfpg h?/L 5}g . lsgls,
pgLx¿df l5d]sL l/emfpg] ck"0f{ snf
5 . ;d:of 5, dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/
agfof] / To;sf] k|wfgdGqL k|r08
aGof] eg] . of]af/] dfcf]jfbL / k|r08
cfkm}F klg lrlGtt 5g\ . t/ ;d:of
of] 5 ls ?7] ;of}Fsf] dgfPF s};] Û
cfk"mn] p7fPsf] /fli6«otfsf] d'2f
Psflt/ 5 eg] ef/tsf] ;xof]u /
;bf;otf lagf ;/sf/df l6Sg
g;lsg] oyfy{df csf]l{ t/ 5 . k|r08
/ ef/taLr cª\s'l/t tgfjaLr oL
b'js} f] cf–cfˆgf] /fli6«o / /fli6«otfsf]
;jfn 5 . hxfF g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLx¿
ef/tsf] s'g} klg x:tIf]k rflx/x]sf
5}gg\ eg] ef/t of] rflx/x]sf] 5 ls
p;sf] ;xof]u / ;bf;otf;Fu g]kfnL
hgtf / g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLn] l8h]n,
k]6f« n
] , cfn', Kofh, bfn, rfdn ;f6"g
/ k]6} dfq e/]/ a;"g\ . sy+sbflrt,
dfcf]jfbLn] agfof] / k|r08 of
afa'/fddWo]s} s'g} To;sf] k|wfgdGqL
aGof] eg] ;j{k|yd p;n] lqe'jg
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf :Sofg/ /fVg
b]cf];, tf ls cftÍjfb lgoGq0fsf]
cleofgdf ef/t h:t} p / p;sf]
;/sf/ klg sd sl6a4 / k|lta4
5} g eGg] b] l vof] ; \ . k/Gt' ,
e"/fhgLlts vt/f al9/x]sf avt
ef/t h:tf] b]zn] g]kfnsf] cfsfzdf
cf]em]ndf kb{5 .
d cfk"mnfO{ u/fpb} cufl8 a9\g
pg} 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] ;+st] sf] efiffdf
pgnfO{ lgofNg vf]H5' t/ ToxfFsf]
jftfj/0fg} cs}{ eO;s]sf] kfpF5,' ;f/f
dflg;x¿, ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ cf–cfˆgf]
zlStn] NofP;Dd Pscsf{nfO{ pl5Gg]
s;/t eO/x]sf] b]Vb5', tF5f8d5f8sf]
l:ylt b]Vb5' cl3;Ddsf] Tof] Jojl:yt
cj:yf / clxn]sf] Tof] cj:yf, ;fFlRrs}
csNkgLo nflu/x]sf] lyof], ;f]xL ;dodf
pg} gfossf] e"ldsfsf] cfjfh sfgdf
aNn eof] Pdcf/kL d'b0| f ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/
sf7df8f}F . nfdf] ;do;Dd ljjfbdf
/x]sf] d]l;g l/8]an kf;kf]6{ -Pdcf/kL_
d'b0| f;DaGwL ;Demf}tfkqdf z'qmaf/
x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . k//fi6« dGqfnosf
lzi6frf/ dxfkfn d'lStgfy e§ /
k|mfG;sf] cf]ay{/ 6]Sgf]nf]lhhsf Pl;of
ahf/ lgb]z { s ˆnf]l/g Kofslngn]
Pdcf/kL d'b0| f ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/
ug{e' Psf] xf] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ cf]a/y/n]
g]kfnsf nflu $) nfv yfg Pdcf/kL
;g\ @)!% leq 5kfO ug{5 ] . ljefuLo
dGqL ;'hftf sf]O/fnfn] Pdcf/kLsf]
kfgLlrq / l8hfOgdf x:tfIf/ ug{
c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn]
d'b0| fdf x:tfIf/ ug{] lhDd]jf/L k|wfgdGqL
dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ lbPsf] lyof] .
lkmN8 dfz{nn /fVg] hf]lvdk"0f{ k|:tfj
p;n] klg gbf]xf]l/of];\ / bf]xf]¥ofOP
gofF ;/sf/n] c:jLsf/ u/f];\ . /Xof]
Pdcf/kL k|s/0f, p;}nfO b]cf];\ .
t/ g/d–s/d ldnfP/ . h;sf] g"g
vfof], p;}sf] u'g ufpg'kg]{ g'gsf]
:jefj x'G5 . ;fob oxL eP/ g}
dxfTdf ufGwLn] c+u|]hsf] g'g vfg
dfg]g / cfkm}n F ] g'g agfP/ vfP,
c?nfO klg v'jfP . cfh g]kfnLn]
vfg] u/]sf] g'g ;fob g]kfnsf] cfˆg}
geO{ ef/tsf] g'g xf] . ;fob o;}n]
ubf{ oxfFsf dflg;x¿df o'uf}Fb]lv
g] k fnk| l tsf] dfof–df] x eGbf
ef/tk|ltsf] dfof–df]x a9L b]lvG5 .
/, Ps cy{n] g]kfnL hgtf, g]kfnL
g]tfx¿sf] ef/tk|ltsf] of] dfof–df]x
hfoh klg 5 . lsgls, g]kfnLx¿
Tolt nf6f klg /x]gg\, hlQ ls
7flgPsf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿ hfGb5g\ ls
cfˆgf] b]zsf] ¿k}ofFeGbf ef/tsf]
¿k}ofF 8]9Ln] a9L 5 . lognfO{ /fd|/L
yfxf 5 ls p;sf] b]zeGbf p;n]
dfof dfGg] u/]sf] b]z 5lAa; u'gf
7"nf] 5, ljzfn 5 cyf{t\, dxfg\ 5 .
cfh x/]s g]kfnL aRrfx¿nfO yfxf
5 ls g]kfnL df6f], g]kfnL wd{,
;F:s[lt, e]ife'iffdf Tof] /f}gs /x]g,
h'g s'g} avt x'g] ub{Yof] . cfh h]
5, ef/ts} 5 . h:tf] ef/ts} 5 .
sbflrt of] ljt08f
u|f08l8hfOgleq lyPg, xf]Og, oxfFsf
k|hftGqjfbL, /fi6«jfbL / sDo'lgi6
g]tfx¿ ;fFRr} g} oxfFsf] zflGt, ;+ljwfg
/ l:y/tfk|lt Odfgbf/ 5g\ eg] ;xdlt,
;xsfo{ / Pstfsf] 7]6 cy{ a'‰g .
ToxLcg'¿k rn"g\ . ;a} sfds'/f
6'Ëo\ fpg\ . afrf u?g\ ls z]if ;do
logn] Pp6} l/jg klg sf6\g] 5}gg\ .
Pp6} ;nfdL klg lng] 5}gg\ / 7fpF–
s'7fpF, a]nf g s'an ] f h]–h] dg nfUof],
Tof] Tof] af]Nb} lxF8g\ ] 5}gg\ . km]l/ klg
ljutsf] uNtL bf]xf]l/G5, of] ljt08f
ef]ln klg dlRrG5 / /fi6« km]l/ klg
nlHht} x'gk{' 5{ eg] cf–cfˆgf] emf]nL–
t'Daf / af]l/of–la:t/f Rofk]/ logLx¿
cfh}bl] v xl/åf/sf] ;fOt u/] x'G5, hxfF
kmfOe :6f/ xf]6n / l/;f]6h { :tf] le8ef8
/ rsfrf}wF geP klg af; a:g] wd{zfnf
/ laxfg–a]n'sfsf] b'O{5fs vfgf
cf/fdn] gl;a x'g5 ] . /fhgLltsf]
cfsfzdf d8fl/Psf] sfnf] afbnleq
b]lvPsf] of] rfFbLsf] 3]/fnfO{ ca klg
cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]gg\ / km]l/ klg hgtf
;8sd} cf]Ol/P eg] s;}sf] v}/ x'g]
5}g, s;}nfO{ alS;g] 5}g . c:t' .
k5{ ls eg]/ cfk"mnfO{ rgfvf] agfpF5,'
b]V5'ls eg]/ cfFvf rf/}lt/ bf}8fpF5'
t/ Tof] eL8df g l;¶Lsf] cfjfh ;'lgG5
g pgnfO{ g} b]lvG5, a8f] crDd x'bF }
d ;f]Rg afWo x'G5M x}g cl3sf 6«flkms
k|x/Lsf] l;¶Lsf] cfjfh cfpFbf–cfpFb,}
6«flkms ;+st] ubf{ub},{ Tof] cfjfh d}n]
kf] g ;'gs] f] kf] xf] ls jf Tof] eL8n]
ubf{ ;+st] gb]vs ] f] xf] jf pgL :jod\
eL8af6 x/fPsf x'g–\ cg'Ql/t k|Zg
dgleq af]ls d klg eL8nfO{ l5rf]Nb}
cfˆgf] uGtJolt/ nfU5' .
k|wfgdGqL g]kfnn] d'b0| f k|lqmofdf x:tIf]k
u/]kl5 nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] ljjflbt
Pdcf/kL d'b0| f k|lqmof 6'lËPsf] 5 .
ljefuLo dGqL sf]O/fnfn] Pdcf/kLsf]
kfgLlrq / l8hfOgdf x:tfIf/ ug{
c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 Pdcf/kL d'b|0f
;Demf}tfdf l9nfO{ ePsf] lyof] . k|wfgdGqL
g]kfnn] ljefuLo dGqLn] g} x:tfIf/ u/]
pko'St x'g] dg;fo /fvL s]xL ;do
klv{g] dgl:ylt agfPsf sf/0f
;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ x'g l9nfO{ ePsf]
lyof] . cbfntn] ;d]t :jLs[lt lbPsf]
/ sfg'gL k|lqmofcg';f/ cfPsf] eGb}
;/sf/n] Pdcf/kL d'b0| f ug{ cf]a/y/nfO{
g} lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
– lg/hg kf]v/]n, k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/
@)^& ;fn ebf} !# ut] cfOtaf/
l;h{gfsf y'·f
w/x/f
dgf]x/ nfld5fg]
g]kfn vfN8f], gofF k|ltd"lt{
sf}tx" n sxfgL, 5'§} cl:tTj
;a}sf] j0f{gof]Uo Pp6f :tDe
w/x/f lrgfpg] uy],{
uR5]cg';f/sf c8\sn nufpFb}
rrf{ uy],{ kl/rrf{ x'Gy]
w/x/f cf:yf lyof], ljZjf; lyof] .
pm Pp6f sxfgL lyof]
kmut ls+jbGtL h:tf]
ofqfdf e]p gkfpg]x¿
7fpF, s'7fpF vf]hL uy]{
ufpF, ;x/df Pp6f t/Ë lyof]
ljZjf; / cf:yfdf
p plePsf] lyof]
lgZrn / c6n gofF klxrfg
To;}n] w/x/f w/x/} lyof] .
nfIfLx¿ p;sf] d"No tf]Sy]
km]b / 6'Kkf] p;sf] Oltxf; ghfGbf
d"NoljxLg kfhLx¿ p;}sf] vf]hL uy]{
nfIfL kfhLx¿sf] 3]/faGbLdf
l7Ë w/x/f plePs} lyof]
lglZrGt w/x/f Oltxf; /Rb} lyof]
p;sf] rrf{, ;'b/" ufpF;Dd
b]z hfu]sf] a]nf
hgtf nfu]sf] a]nf
s'8f, ss{6 kG5\ofpg ;Sg] tfut
gofF cfsif{0f, gofF ljZjf;
w/x/f Pp6f kl/ro lyof]
clg lj1fg / bz{g lyof] .
cgGtsfn;Dd rNg] juL{o n8fOF
cf:yfsf] w/f]x/ w/x/f
/fi6«sf] cfTd af]Ng, :jfledfg arfO/fVg
clg /fi6« uf}/jsf] gofF cWofodf
ju{ b'Zdgsf rqmAo"x tf]8b\ }
c6n / pFrf] /xf];\
xfd|f] cf:yfsf] w/f]x/ w/x/f .
;+/If0fsf] kvf{Odf tktk] u'kmf
g]kfnu~h . afFs]sf] s';ddf ;xof]u gu/]sf sf/0f ;+/If0fdf
/x]sf] tktk] u'kmf cfjZos ;+/If0fsf] cfk"mnfO{ s7LgfO{ ePsf] vqLsf]
cefjdf hL0f{jg]sf] 5 . u'kmf ;+/If0fdf u' g f;f] 5 . klxn] – klxn] u' k mf
;DjlGwt lgsfon] rf;f] glbPsf cjnf]sg / k'hfFkf7sf nfuL bfË /
sf/0f u'kmfsf] dxTjklg 36\b} uPsf] l5d]sL b]z ef/tsf] ?k}l8ofaf6 ;d]t
5 . cfwf bzs cl3 Psf–Ps dflg;x? cfpy] vqLn] eGg' eof]
ljleGg k|sf/sf d'tL{x? pTklt …clxn] ufFps} klg cfpg 5f8]sf
ePkl5 :yflgojf;Lx?n] eujfg g} 5g .Ú u'kmf ;+/If0fsf nfuL cfk"mn]
k|s6 ePsf] eGb} ToFxf k'hfcr{gf
ub}{ cfPsf lyP . t/ u'kmf j/k/
hDdf ePsf] kmf]x/ / 9n lgsf;L
ljleGg JolStx?jf6 !) xhf/ cfly{s
;xof]u ;+sngu/L u'kmf jl/k/L
tf/jf/ u/] s f] pxfF n ] hfgsf/L
gePsf sf/0f k' h fF c r{ g f ug{ lbg'eof] . vqLn] u'gf;f] kf]Vb} eGg' eof]
cfpg]x?sf] ;ªVof XjfQ} 36]kl5 …n7Lsf] ;fxf/n] ;xof]usf] nfuL xft
u'kmfsf] dxTj clxn] 36b} uPsf] hf]8b} d sxfF–sxfF lxF8,' cfk\mg} 7fFpsf]
:yflgo c?0f rfkfufO{n] atfpg' lrgf/L clxn] nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf k'us ] f]
eof] . k" j { k lZrd dx] G b| 5, o'jfx?sf] s'g} jf:tf 5}g .Ú t/
/fhdfu{ c Gtu{ t bfË;F u l;df :yfgLo lzIfLsf rGb|fjtL s]=Pnn]
hf]l8Psf] s';'d ahf/ b]lv emG8} o'jfx? j]/f]huf/ ePsf sf/0f ufFp
8]9 lsnf]ld6/ pQ/ klZrddf /x]sf] 5f8]sfn] u'kmf ;+/If0fdf o'jfx?sf]
hËundf Psf–Ps ljleGg cfs[tLsf e"ldsf sd b]lvPsf] atfpg' x'G5 .
bh{ g j9L d' t L{ pTkGg ePkl5 ko{6g jif{glhs} ubf{ o:tf u'kmf
To;nfO{ tktk] u'kmf gfd lbO{Psf] ;+/If0f / ;j4{gdf ;j}n] rf;f] lbO{
lyof] . ^% alif{o g/jxfb'/ vqLsf] ko{6snfO{ leqfpg kfo s] yfxf ef]nL
;+of]hTjdf u'kmf ;+/If0fsf nfuL s';d' sf] dfq geP/ jfFs] s} lrgf/L
;ldtL u7g ePklg :yflgojf;Lx?n] kf] jGg] xf] sL <
@)^& ;fn ebf} !# ut] cfOtaf/
Pdfn] s f]
= == @)#* ;fndf l;+xb/af/ u'?of]hgf
b]z / hgtfeGbf ljb]zL k|e'sf] tof/ u/L xfn Sofen/L /x]sf] #^ /f]kgL
;]jfdf nfu]sf] hghgsf] a'emfO /x]sf]
5 . Pdfn] n ] ;fj{ h lgs u/] s f]
cfwf/kqdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] bnsf] g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ aGg glbg]
a'Fbf pNn]v x'g' / b'j} k|wfgdGqLsf
pDd]bjf/n] dgf]gog lkmtf{ lng'kg]{
eGg] pNn]v x'ga' f6 Pdfn] ;xdltsf]
dfnf hKb} k'gM cfˆg} kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf
;/sf/ agfpg b[9 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
h;n] hlt;'s} ukm xfFs] klg
jt{dfg nf]stGq / ;+ljwfg;ef
dfcf]jbLs} Ph]G8f x'g\ / o;nfO{ kf/
nufpg klg p;s} e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; lnP/ g} hgtfn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
agfOlbPsf x'g\ . g]kfnL sfFu|];,
Pdfn]nufotsf bnsf ljut a'em]s}
sf/0f hgtfn] ;+ljwfg;efdf tL
bnsf] pkl:yltnfO{ v'DRofOlbPsf
x' g \ . t;y{ , Pdfn] n ] hlt;' s }
;xdltsf] dfnf hk] klg pm vf]nfdf
plePsf] as'Nnf xf], p;sf] ;xdlt
eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj xft kfg]{
k|k~r dfq xf] eGg] cfdgful/ssf]
7DofO{ /x]sf] 5 . Psflt/ cfwf/kq
tof/ u/]/ Pdfn] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj
xTofpg] k|k~r ul//x]sf] 5 eg]
csf]{lt/ oxL gLltsf sf/0f kf6L{
ljv08gsf] e'd/Ldf km:g k'us ] f] 5 .
Pdfn]sf] ;Qfdf]x tyf zflGt /
;+ljwfgk|ltsf] pbf;Lgtfs} sf/0f
qmflGtsf/L tyf lqmofzLn sfo{stf{
Pdfn] 5f] 8 L PsLs[ t g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLdf k|jz ] ug]{ nx/ rn]sf]
5 . Pdfn]n] o;}u/L, ;xdltsf] gfddf
;/sf/ / ;Qfsf] nflu dl/xQ] ug]{ xf]
l5§} g} b'3{6gfdf kg]{ /fhgLlts
ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 7DofO/x]sf] 5 .
km]l/===
agfpg] / lj36g ug]{ if8\oGqx¿aLr
s] ;DaGw 5 < Psftkm{ ;} G o
hg/nx¿sf] uf]Ko /fhgLlts e]6,
csf]t{ km{ ePsf] ;}Go gofF egf{ k|s/0f
clg h]Pd;L;Lsf] a}7snfO{ g]kfnL
;]gfaf6 ul/Psf] alx:sf/x¿aLr s]
;Gt'ng 5 < k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg
k|lqmofdf dw];jfbL bnx¿sf] Pstf
s;sf sf/0f ;Dej eof] < ljho
uR5]bf/, pk]Gb| ofbj / dxGt 7fs'/x¿
s;/L Pp6} df]rf{df a:g ;s] < kfFr–
kfF r k6s c;kmn eO;s] s f]
k|wfgdGqLsf] ax'dtLo lgjf{r g
k4ltaf6 csf]{ gofF ;xdtLo k4lt
cFufNg g]kfnL sfFu;]| nfO{ lsg cfklQ <
oL tdfd k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/nfO{ Ps
csf]; { uF hf]8/] ;du|df x]l/g'kb{5 .
af/Daf/ Pp6f k|Zg p7fO/lxG5 ls
Pdfcf]jfbL gful/s kf6L{ aGg'kg]{ k|Zg .
gful/s kf6L{ cyf{t\ gful/s ;dfh h:tf]
lg/Lx agfpg vf]lhFb}5, PsLs[t
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ . h;sf] g ;]gf xf];\ g s'g}
o'jf ;+u7gx¿ xf]pmg\ jf g k"0f{sfnLg
nfvf}F sfo{stf{x¿ g} xf]pmg\ . of] x'g} g;Sg]
cfu|xx¿ lsg hf]8tf]8sf ;fy /fVb}5g\
kf6L{x¿ < s] oL k'/fgf ;+;bLo kf6L{x¿
k'/fg} ;+;b\ kmsf{pg vf]hs ] f x'g\ < s]
logLx¿n] b; jif]{ o'4sf] kL8fnfO{
lal;{O;s] < s] zflGtsfn pgLx¿nfO{
ckfRo ePsf] xf] of a9L ePsf] xf] <
;]gfsf] / ljb]zLx¿sf] cf8 lnP/ pgLx¿
s;/L zf;g rnfpg vf]hs ] f xf]nfg\ <
s]xL dfG5]x¿ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ xltof/
af]sfpg / o'4df k7fpg] s;/t ub}5{ g\ .
b]znfO{ o'4 nfb]/ pgLx¿ sxfF hfg
vf]hs ] f x'g\ < k|:6} 5 ls g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf
hf]ufpgsf] nlu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ljsNk
5}g . ;/sf/df ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;fOh
jf x}l;otcg';f/sf] ;xeflutf / g]tT[ jsf]
ljsNk 5}g . lagf cfu|x–k"jf{ux| / lgM;t{
/fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ g} jf:tljs
;xdlt x'g ;S5 . s;}sf] 3fF6L lgdf]7/]
s;}nfO{ anfTsf/ u/]/ jf s;}nfO{
unxTofP/ ;xdlt x'g ;Sb}g .
;jf]R{ rsf]===
5 . ;/sf/n] l;+xb/af/ aflx/ /x]sf
:jf:Yo, k//fi6«, :yfgLo ljsf; / lzIff
dGqfnonfO{ xfn Sofen/L ePsf] 7fpFdf
;fg]{ of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] . Sofen/Ln]
#^ /f]kgL hUuf rr{s ] f] ;ldltn] hgfPsf]
5 . ut cfly{s jif{df ;/sf/n] tLg
jif{ l eq l;+ x b/af/ aflx/ /x] s f
dGqfnonfO{ leq :yfgfGt/0f ug{
;ldltnfO{ lgb]z{ g lbPsf] lyof] . ljleGg
k|lqmofnufot hUuf cefjsf sf/0f
;ldltn] of] sfo{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
ug{g;Sg] ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] lj=;
hUufdf % j6f dGqfno /fVg] of]hgf
NofPsf] lyof] . ;fy} b; jif{leq ;a}
dGqfno l;+xb/af/df ;fg]{ hgfPsf]
lyof] . t/ xfn;Dd ;/sf/L a]jf:tf /
pko'St 7fpFsf] cefjdf Sofen/L ;fg{
g;sL gofF ejgx¿ agfpg] sfo{ cnkq
ePsf] xf] . tj]nf x6fpg k6s–k6s
/Iff dGqfnonfO{ kq k7fP klg s'g}
k|ltlqmof cfPsf] 5}g . ;/sf/ /
;DalGwt dGqfnon] klg s'g} rf;f] g
lbPsf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . d'ns ' sf]
d'Vo k|zf;lgs s]Gb| l;+xb/af/df xfn
/x]sf dGqfnox¿df klg kof{Kt ejg
5}g . pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{, jg,
e"ld;'wf/, dlxnf, >d dGqfnosf nflu
5'§} ejg 5}g . @)#& ;fnsf] l;+xb/af/
lgdf{0f u'?of]hgf cg';f/ @@ j6f
dGqfnonfO{ ejg lgdf{0f ug{] nIo
lnPsfdf clxn];Dd Ps bh{g ejg
dfq ag]sf 5g\ . afFsL !) j6fdWo]
xfn tLgj6f lgdf{0f x'g] qmddf 5g\ eg]
afFsL ejgx¿sf] lgdf{0f ;'? ePsf] 5}g .
lzIff, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf / :yfgLo
ljsf; dGqfnosf ejgx¿ lgdf{0f
k|lqmofdf 5g\ .
ut cfjd} l;+xb/af/ kl/;/leq
rd]gfu[x, x'nfs 3/, 6]lnkmf]g,
k':tsfnonufot ljleGg ;'ljwf /xg]
u/L s]Gb|Lo ;]jf u[x lgdf{0f ug{ af]nkq
cfXjfg ul/Psf] lyof] . rfn" cfjdf
!@ s/f]8 ¿k}ofFsf] nfutdf lgdf{0f
ug{] of]hgf eP klg ah]6sf] 6'Ëf]
gnfu]sfn] ;dod} lgdf{0f ;'? gx'g]
b]lvPsf] /fO{n] atfP . l;+xb/af/
kl/;/df k|wfgdGqL sfof{no, /fli6«o
of]hgf cfof]u, u[x, /Iff, cy{ pmhf{,
l;+rfO, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f,
zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f, ;+:s[lt tyf
;+3Lo dfldnf, Gofo tyf sfg'g, pBf]u,
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{, >d tyf oftfoft
Joj:yf, e"ld;'wf/nufot dGqfno
/x]sf] 5 .
cgldgsf]===
a}7sdf /fv]sf] atfpg'eof] . u[xdGqL
/fjnn] a}7sdf cgldgsf] Dofb yKg]
jf gyKg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf]
atfpg'eof] . 5nkmn kl5Nnf] k6s
;]gfsf] ;lqmotfsf] ljifodf / ;+oS' t
cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt -h]Pd;L;L_
sf] a}7snfO{ ;]gfn] alx:sf/ u/]sf]
ljifodf ;d] t 5nkmn ePsf]
atfOPsf] 5 . ;}GoetL{ Ph]08f lkmtf{
lng ;]gfn] h]Pd;L;LnfO{ cg'/f]w
u/]sf] lyof] t/ h]Pd;L;Ln] etL{
Ph]08f glemSg] hfgsf/L lbPkl5
;]gfn] a}7s alx:sf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
lyof] . laxLaf/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] Ps
jStJo lgsfNb} …;}GoetL{ g]kfnL
;]gfsf] ;+:yfut lg0f{o g} xf] eg]
g]kfn /fi6« ;fFlRrs} uDeL/ b'3{6gf
/ c;kmn /fi6«sf] ;+3f/df k'lu;s]sf]
jf k'¥ofpg] clGtd sf]l;; eO/x]sf]
ulx/f] cfef; x'g]Ú atfPsf] lyof] .
g]kfnL===
ckJofVof u/L nuftf/ egf{ vf]ns ] f]df
hgd'lSt ;]gfsf] cfklQ 5 . g]kfnL
;]gf / hgd'lSt;]gfsf] cg'udg ug{
ul7t ;+oS' t cg'udg ;dGjo ;ldlt
h]Pd;L;Lsf] laxLjf/ a:g] elgPsf
a}7s g]kfnL ;]gfn] alx:sf/ u/]kl5,
hgd'lSt ;]gf k|dv ' gGblszf]/ k'g
…kf;fªÚåf/f laxLjf/ hf/L lj1lKt
lgsfn] / cfklQ hgfPsf] 5\ g .
lj1lKtsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfh b]z uDeL/
;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf u'lh|/x]sf]
/ d"ntM zflGtk|lqmof uDeL/ w/fkdf
kg]{ vt/f pTkGg eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf,
zflGtk|lqmof h:tf] cToGt} ;+jb] gzLn
Ph]08fnfO{ 7f8} r'gf}lt lbP/ clxn]sf]
sfd rnfp ;/sf/n] /Iff dGqLdfkm{t\
;]gfnfO{ egf{sf] cfb]z lbO{ k6s–
k6s egf{ ug{ nufpg' / g]kfnL ;]gfn]
klg zflGtk| l qmofk| l t uDeL/ /
;+jb] gzLn geO{ ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf]
cfb]znfO{ ;d]t cj1f / ckJofVof
u/L nuftf/ egf{ vf]Ng' ;fy} lj:t[t
zflGt;+emf}tf, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,
xltof/ / ;] g f cg' u dg tyf
Joj:yfkg ;DalGw ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf
/ dd{ c g' ; f/ g} u7g ePsf]
h]Pd;L;L / o;sf] sfd sfo{ k"/f
gx'Fb} cem o;sf] dxTj a9]sf] a]nf
o;sf] alxisf/ ug'{, o;sf] cf}lrTo
5}g eGg' / cgldgsf] lkmtf{ eOxfNg'
k5{ eGg' h:tf u} / lhDd] j f/
cleJolQm cfpg'sf ;fy} cfºg} b]zsf]
zflGtk|lqmofk|lt Odfgbf/ geO{
To;sf] efjgf / dd{ljk/Lt uO{ o:tf]
;+jb] gzLn d'2fx¿df ;]gfsf] bf}8w'k,
nljª h:tf s'/fx¿ eO/x]sf] eGg]
kqklqsfx¿df 5\ofK5\ofKtL cfp"bf
hgd' l Qm ;] g f, g] k fnsf] uDeL/
Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 / o;k|lt xfd|f]
uDeL/ cfklQ / 7f8f] lj/f]w 5 .
cfh @)^& efb| !) ut] k|sflzt
sflGtk'/, cGgk"0f{ h:tf /fli6«o b}lgs
klqsfdf k|sflzt ePsf ;dfrf/
;f"rf] xf] eg] / g]kfnL ;]gfsf] of]
;+:yfut lg0f{o g} xf] eg] g]kfn /fi6«
;f"lRrs} uDeL/ b'3{6gf / c;kmn
/fi6«sf] ;+3f/df k'lu;s]sf] jf k'¥ofpg]
clGtd sf] l ;; eO/x] s f] ulx/f]
cfef; hf]sf]xL :jtGq, /fi6«k|]dL /
b]zeQm g]kfnLn] ug{ ;Sb5g\ . sxLF,
s;}sf] cfb]zdf cFWof/f] s'gf jf kbf{
k5fl8af6 lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf,
cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, xltof/ / ;]gf
cg'udg tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL
;Demf}tf Rof"ltb} t 5}g < ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] ;d]t pkxf;, ljlwsf]
ljwfg, sfg'gL /fHosf] lvNnL p8fpg]
sfd klg t eO/x]sf] 5}g < olb of]
s'/f ;f"rf] xf] eg], of] g]kfn / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] nflu uDeL/ b'ef{Uosf] s'/f
x'g] 5 . /fi6« / hgtfk|lt ;Ddfg,
;b\efj / Pstf ;fy} cfºg} bfh'efO,
lbbLalxgL, kl/jf/k| l t 7" n f]
c;dfgtf / lje]bsf] vf8n emg\
ulx/f] vlgFb} t 5}g < o;af6 b]zsf]
kfl/jfl/s Pstf, zflGt ;b\efj /
k|]dsf] cGTo x"'b}5 eGg] l;wf lgisif{
lg:sG5 . of] s'/f s'g} klg b]zeQm
g]kfnLn] ;f]Rg] / ;'Gg] ljifo g} xf]Og .
xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . lgZro klg
zflGt;Demf}tf /fi6«sf] cTofjZos
b:tfj]h xf] . of] /fi6«sf] lxtdf 5 .
cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, ;+qmd0fsfnLg
/fi6«sf] cu|ufdL d"n ;+ljwfg xf] eg] .
;] g f / xltof/ cg' u dg tyf
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf b'O{ ;]gf
/ xltof/aLrsf] b"/L cGTo u/L
Pstf sfod u/fO{ Pp6} alnof]
/fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ;3fp
k'¥ofp"5 . cjZo klg t" ;fgf] d
7"nf], t]/f] d]/f] / t" / d sf] unt
/a} o fsf] cGTo h?/L 5 .
Pscsf{kl| tsf] cfIf]k k"jf{ux| , kIf
/ ljkIfsf] s;}kl| t cfIf]k nufO{ d]/f]
efu vf]l;lbof] eg]/ ?g'–s/fpg'
afnfkgsf] cf8Da/ xf] . of] g]kfn /
g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtdf 5}g . xfdL
;a} g]kfnL gful/s / g]kfnL xf}F .
xfdL ;a}sf] clwsf/ a/fa/ 5 .
;a}n] ;a}sf] ;Ddfg u/f}F / ;a} Ps
agf}F . of] /fi6«nfO{ arfcf}F, ;a}nfO{
clwsf/ ;DkGg agfcf}F . ;a} /fi6«
lgdf{ 0 fdf h' 6 f} F eGg] P] l txfl;s
;+ 3 if{ s f 36gfqmdx¿n] k' l i6
ul/;s] s f] s' / f :d/0f u/fp" b }
jStJodfkm{t\ of] b]zsf] uDeL/
;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL
hgtf / ;a} ;DalGwt kIfx¿
Psl9Ssf x'g / sf]xL, s;}sf] :jfy{sf]
nflu uf]6L tyf alnsf] af]sf] agL
/fi6« s f] alnbfg gug{ hgd' l Qm
;]gf,g]kfn cfu|x klg ug{ rfxG5 .Æ
cgldgsf] v]bf]===
Psn] csf{sf] la?4df ug{ ;Sg] unt
xs{t xftxltof/sf] b'?kof]u /f]Sg,
b'a} kIfnfO{ tf]lsPsf] lglZrt If]q
bfo/fdf /xFb} zflGt;Demf}tfsf] kfngf
u/] gu/]sf] cWoog ub}{, Pp6f
lglZrt /]k|mLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{
g]kfnsf] zflGtk|lqmof 6'Ëf]df k'¥ofpg
xfdLn] af]nfPsf] xf], ;/sf/ tTsfnLg
lab| f ] x L b' j } n ] ljZjf; u/] s f] ,
cGt/fli6«o :jtGq ;+:yf xf] . h'g
nIo, p2]Zon] af]nfO{Psf] lyof], Tof]
k" / f ePsf] 5} g eg] clxn] g}
cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg'k5{ eGg'
slt ;fGble{s 5 < cfk"mn] h;/L
ehg ufof], To;/L g} Tof] tfndf
cgldg gflrlbP 7Ls cGoyf unt
eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] To;nfO{ s;/L
lng] < h;n] cfk"mnfO{{ /fd|f] jf 7Ls
elglbG5, h;n] cfˆgf ck/fwnfO{{
cfFvf lrDn]/ gb]v] em} ul/lbG5 h;n]
dfcf]jfbLdf gePsf ;d:ofnfO{{ klg
;d:of agfpb} ltnsf] kxf8
agfOlbG5 Tof] 7Ls c? ;a} unt
eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] Tof] b]znfO{{
v/fgL agfpg] unt dfgl;stfsf]
pkhafx]s c? s]xL xf]Og . s'g}
ˆ7
o'4;/bf/n], s'g} xltof/sf] t:s/n]
jf s'g} dflkmofn] b]znfO{{ o'4sf]
e'd/Ldf ws]n]/, /Qmkft dRrfP/
!^ cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ‘b]ps]6f k|yf’ ljBdfg
cfˆgf] lgxLt :jfy{ k"/f ug{]afx]s ;'v]{t . ;'b"/klZrdsf s]xL lhNnfdf ljBdfg b]ps]6f k|yfn] cem} !^
c? cj:yfdf o:tf ;txL c;fGble{s cf}F ztfAbLnfO{ :d/0f u/fO/x]sf] 5 . ;b/d'sfdb]lv !% sf]if 6f9f kg]{
s'/f ug{ ;Sb}g . ;]gf ;dfof]hg;lxt c5fd / b}n]v lhNnfsf] tNnf] 9'Ë]Zj/l:yt k~r]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df
g] k fnsf] zflGtk| l qmof ;fy{ s ;ft jifL{o gfafnsnfO{ r9fO{ k"hfkf7 nufpg] k|yfnfO{ b]ps]6f] k|yf
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ljZjsf] lgikIf elgG5 . cfˆgf afa'afh]sf] kfnfb]lv rNb} cfPsf] o; k|yfsf] lg/Gt/tf
t6:y ;+:yf cgldg cfjZos 5 . pSt dlGb/sf dxGt v8\sb]j lu/Ln] cfˆgf] !@ jif{] dfOnf] 5f]/f] rGb|b]j
cgldgsf] pkl:yltd} ;d] t
;/sf/n] af/Daf/ xltof/ vl/b lu/LnfO{ r9fP/ lbPsf 5g\ . k/Dk/fb]lv rlncfPsf] cfˆgf] wd{ ;+:s[lt
/ s'nsf sf/0f cfk"mn] klg ;f]xL dlGb/df !! jif{b]lv b]ps]6fsf] ¿kdf
u/]sf] 5, af/Daf/ ;]gf etL{ u/]sf]
5, x/]s ;lGw ;Demf}tfnfO{{ cfk"m sfd u/]sf] pgL atfpF5g\ . dxGt ;'sb]jn] cfˆgf h]7f 5f]/f k|d] b]j
cg'sn " JofVof ub}{ uPsf] 5 eg], of] lu/LnfO{ klg r9fO;s]sf] / pgL !* jif{sf] k'uk] l5 xfn cfˆgf] dflxnf] 5f]/f
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sld6Lsf] a}7s al;/x]sf lyof}F .
b'Zdgn] 3]/f xfNof] / xfdL ;a} l6d
ljefhg u/]/ 5'§f5'§} 7fpFlt/ nfUof}F .
Tof]dWosf] Pshgf k"0f{sfnLg ;b:o s=
dGh' u'?ª;lxt tLghgf xf]gxf/
sfo{stf{sf] Ps} 7fpFdf ;'/fsLåf/f
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5 . cgldgsf] g]kfndf cfudgkZrft\ Psflwsf/¿kdf ef/tLo rnv]n
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aGg klg glbg], ljjflbt s'/fx¿ l5gf]kmfgf] x'g glbg] ;do–;dodf cgldgsf]
a]OHht ub}{ /xg] clg cgldgsf] pkl:yltnfO{ z+sf ul//xg] dfq xf]Og, lgx'F
vf]lh/xg'sf k5fl8 ef/tLo bafa k|dv ' sf/0f /x]sf] kfOG5 . cgldgsf]
cfudgkZrft\ jt{dfg;Dd /fli6«o kl/l:yltdf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g . ;]gf
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d'2fx¿ s;n] ;DxfNg] < To;sf] ljsNk PsftkmL{ to ug{ ;lsFbg} . To;df
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xdlt x'gk' b{5 . o:tf] ;xdlt x'g] cj:yf klg 5}g .
o:tf] cj:yfdf cgldgsf] Dofb yk gubf{ s], s;/L zflGtnfO{ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] ljsNk klg lbOPsf] 5}g . a? cgldgnfO{ k7fO;s]kl5
zflGtnfO{ efF8g\ sf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f u/fpg / u[xo'4 rsf{pg o:tf]
k|of; ul/Psf] x'g;Sg] c8\sn sfl6Psf] 5 . o:t} ¿kn] k|wfgdGqLsf] r'gfj
x'g g;Sg] gf6s ub}{ /xg] / cgldgnfO{ lj:yflkt u/]kl5 /i6«kltnfO{ ;lqmo
kfg]{ csf]{ l8hfOg klg /x]sf] z+sf ug]{ k|z:t cfwf/ /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L zflGt
layf]Ng / cfˆgf] :jfy{kl" t{sf nflu cgldgsf] Dofb gyKg] xNnfx¿ rnfOg'
k5fl8 /fd|f] dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvFbg} . olb To;} xf] eg] km]l/ u[xo'4n] k|>o
kfpFb5 / g]kfnsf] l:ylt ;f]dflnof aGg'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk b]lvFbg} .
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kf6L{ aGg wDsL lbg' slt;Dd hfoh 5 . ef/tLo b[li6sf]0feGbf leGb} ;f]r
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lng' . cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd dfcf]jfbL, Pdfn] PnfoG;nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ cleJolQm
lbg] kmf]/d klg cGo dw];jfbL bns} lsQfdf pleg', kfgL af/faf/s} cj:yfdf
/x]sf b'O{ kmf]/d klg Pp6} df]rf{df c6fpg'n] s'g To:tf] zlQm xf], h;n]
/ftf/ft oL b'jn } fO{ ;Fu} pEofpg ;Sof] ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] xf]Og . To:t}
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLsf tyfslyt gePsf] xf]Og . To:t} ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLsf
tyfslyt b"t g]kfn cfpFbf dw];jfbL bnsf zLif{ g]tT[ j;Fu cfPs} lbgdf
e]6 u/L /flqef]hdf Zofdz/0f ;l/s x'g' ;+of]u dfq lyPg . o;/L g]kfnnfO{
qmdzM unfpFb,} cfGtl/s åGådf km;fpFb,} xb};Ddsf] cdof{lbt lqmofsnfk
pq]sf] 5 . ef/tn] g]kfndf h] u/] klg x'G5 oL b'j} b]zdf g cGt/f{li6«o
sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'k{ b{5 g g]kfndf ;fj{ef}d b]znfO{ ul/g] Jojxf/sf] kfngf
g} ug'k{ b{5 eGg] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLsf] g]kfn cfudgdf
u/]sf] Jojxf/n] k'li6 ub{5 . z/0fhL cfpg] g k/f/fi6«nfO{ yfxf 5 g
k|wfgdGqLnfO{, ljdfg:yndf cfk"m b"t ePsf] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ / ;a}eGbf
klxnf ;"oa{ xfb'/nfO{ e]65 \ g\ clg dw];jfbL bnnfO{ To;kl5 s'g–s'gnfO{
;fpyAnsn] ;~rfng u/]sf] 5, To:tf;Fu e]6k] l5 dfq c?nfO{ e]65 \ g\ . o;
k|sf/sf] bfbflul/ ub}{ g]kfndf aGg nfu]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ aGg glbg] p2]Zo
af]ss ] f ef/tLo ljz]if b"tn] To;} u/fO5f]8] . o;}sf] pkh clxn] ;xdltsf]
ehg / ef/tLo :jfy{cg'¿k t6:ytfsf] gf}6ÍL eO/x]sf] 5 . ToxL gf}6ÍLdf
xfdLx¿ gflr/x]sf 5f}F . cfhef]ln k"jo{ j' /fh kf/;nufot /fhfjfbLx¿
rndnfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ v'ndv'nf /fhflagfsf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts
cj:yfsf] b'/fj:yf ePsf] / /fhfnfO{ e"ldsf lbg'kg]h { :tf s'/f ul//x]sf
5g\ . s]xL blIf0fkGyLx¿ hf] /fhfjfbL kf6L{eGbf cGo kf6L{df klg 5g\,
ltgLx¿ /fhfsf] e"ldsf vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+;b\df ePsf
kl/jt{gsf afxs ;ef;b\x¿ / /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] k|:6;Fu cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f
/fVg'kb{5 . ^)! hgfsf] e'm08n] s]xL ug{ g;Sg], slyt nf]stGqsf lxdfotL
5f}F eGg]x¿ t6:y a:b} nf]stGqsf] lvNnL p8fpFb} k|wfgdGqL r'Gg g;Sg],
r'Gg glbg] clg …hf] rf]/ p;}sf] 7"nf] :j/Ú h:t} cfbz{sf s'/f ug]{ s;n]
kTofpFb5 / < cgf8L /fhg}lts v]nf8Ln] lgs6 eljiod} b]znfO{ b'36{ gfdf
ws]Nb}5g\ . b]z km]l/ u[xo'4df kms{g] k|an ;Defjgf 6/]sf] 5}g, To;sf]
lhDd]jf/L t6:ytfdf a:g]x¿n] lng}kb{5 .
gfRb} hfpF /dfO{ cflv/ oxfF, ljb]zL rnv]ndf .
dfb}{ hfpF /dfO{ :jhgx¿, 3Lg 5}g hfnem]ndf .
lnF8]l9kL lnO{ cf–cfˆgf] 8d?, gf/f nufO{ v'a
gfRb}5f}F e8'jf gdfgL z/d}, a'‰b} ga'emL ca .
clvn g]kfn n]vs ;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 k|sflzt
dfS;{jfbL ;flxTo / hgo'4sf] ;f}Gbo{
k':ts cjZo k9f}+ .