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;'gvfgL pTvgg\sf] ;'?jft
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] cfufdL
cfly{s jif{df s}nfnLl:yt lr;fkfgL
/ /f]Nkfsf] afu{ tyf lsdf;]kf]emDjfg
ufpFdf ;'g pTvgg\ ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
vfgL tyf e" u e{ l jefun] b' O {
bzseGbf a9L ;do cWoog u/L
tL :yfgdf ;'g ePsf] kQf nufPsf]
xf] . ljefun] tL :yfgaf6 cGt/f{li6«o
u'0f:t/sf] ;'g kQf nfu]sf] atfPsf]
5 . æToxfF ;'gsf] wfp kQf nfu]sf]
5,Æ ljefu k|jStf s[i0fb]j emfn] eg],
æPs d]l6«s 6g wfp k|zf]wg ubf{ $
kLkLPd;Dd ;'g aG5 .Æ cGt/f{li6«o
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wfpdf @ kLkLPd;Dd ;'g ePdf
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kLkLPd eP klg u'0f:t/Lo dfGg]
ul/Psf] 5 . ef/tnufot blIf0f
Pl;ofdf To;sf] dfkb08 $ kLkLPd
cem} d'St ePgg\ sd}of
sf7df8f}F . d'St sd}of 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] k"/f Ps bzs lalt;Sbf klg
g] k fn ;/sf/n] pgLx¿nfO{
cfjZos¿kdf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ g;Sbf
;/sf/L gf/fcg'¿k jf:tljs¿kdf
sd}ofx¿ d'St ePsf] dx;'; ug{
;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . lj;+ @)%& ;fpg
/x]sf] emfn] atfP . ljefun] tL
:yfgdf ;'g pTvgg\ ug{ lghL If]qnfO{
cfZjfg u/]sf] 5 . pTvgg\sf nflu
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL sDkgLn] k|:tfj
ug{;Sg] pgn] atfP . 5gf]6df k/]sf]
sDkgLn] cfufdL $ jif{leq pTvgg\
;'? ug{'kg]{ k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 .
vfgL ePsf] kQf nfu]sf :yfgdf slt
kl/df0fdf ;'g 5 eg] olsg eg]
gePsf] emfn] atfP . æ;'g pTvgg\
ug{ xfdL;F u kof{ K t pks/0f
gePsfn] kl/df0f olsg ug{
g;lsPsf] xf],Æ pgn] eg] . ljefun]
;+o'St /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; kl/of]hgf
-o'Pg8LkL_sf] ;xof]udf vfgLsf]
cg';Gwfg u/]sf] xf] . o;cl3 ul/Psf]
cWoogaf6 s0ff{ n L, dxfsfnL,
sfnLu08sL, rd]lnof, lqz'nLnufot
-afF s L & k] h df_
cWoogn] eg] sl/a !* xhf/ hlt
d'St sd}of cem} k'g:yf{kgf ug{ afFsL
g} 5 . d'St ePsf sl/a @@ xhf/
sd} o f b' M vlhnf] u/L u' h f/f
rnfO/x]sf] eP klg sl/a 5 xhf/
kl/jf/nfO{ eg] hLjgofkgsf] cefjn]
;tfO/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf] tYofÍdf
;/sf/ u7g;“u} Pdfn] k'm6\g]
sf7df8f}F . ;+ljwfg;ef ;+;b\sf]
;a} e Gbf 7" n f] bn PsLs[ t
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{g /xFbf–/xFb} klg
Pdfn] s f] tkm{ a f6 k| w fgdGqL
pDd]bjf/ agfOPsf emngfy vgfnn]
cfˆg} kf6L{leqsf ljkIfLsf] sf/0f
aflxl/g'k¥of] . b'O{ ltxfO{sf] nufd
nufP/ k|wfgdGqL aGg r'gfjL d}bfgdf
k7fOPsf vgfnsf] kIfdf tLg ;o
gAa]eGbf Hofbf dt x'bF fx'bF } klg xf/
vfg'k¥of] . dfcf]jfbLn] jfdkGyL,
;+3Lotf / u0ftGqjfbL;Fu k|ultzLn
u7aGwg agfpg] of]hgfcg';f/
Pdfn]sf pDd]bjf/ emngfy vgfnnfO{
;dy{g ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
Pdfn]leqsf] s]kL–dfwj v]dfn] s'g}
klg xfntdf emngfynfO{ k|wfgdGqL
aGg glbg] of]hgfcg';f/ pgnfO{ v'§f
afFw]/ d}bfg k7fPsf] xf] .
b'O{ ltxfO{sf] nufd nufP/
k|wfgdGqL aGg k7fOPsf emngfy
vgfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg glbg] s]kL–
dfwjsf] of]hgf ;kmn eP klg ca
sfFu|];sf pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{
pgLx¿sf] csf]{ if8\oGq ;kmn x'g
glbg ;+:yfkg kIfn] /fli6«o ;xdlt
gag];Dd t6:y a:g] lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 . :d/0fLo s'/f t s] 5 eg] sfd
rnfp ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL dfwj
g]kfn ;fdfGo ax'dtdf k|wfgdGqL
lgjf{lrt ePsf x'g\ . dfwj eP
;fdfGo ax't eP klg x'g] t/
emngfynfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg lsg b'O{
ltxfO{ rflxof], eGb} Pdfn]leq u'6
ljefhg pT;u{df k'u]sf] atfOPsf]
5 . Pdfn]leq b]lvPsf] zLto'4n]
Pdfn] kf6L{nfO{ k'm6sf] ;+3f/df
k'¥ofPsf] 5 . Pdfn]leq b]lvPsf] b'O{
u'6sf sf/0f cfufdL !& ut] x'g]
k| w fgdGqL lgjf{ r gdf s' g
pDd] b jf/nfO{ ;dy{ g ug] { eGg]
ljifonfO{ lnP/ kf6L{ ljefhgdf k'Ug]
lglZrt ePsf] hfgsf/x¿
atfpF5g\ . Pdfn]leqsf] Pp6f s]kL–
dfwj v]df cfˆgf] kIfdf b'O{ ltxfO{
dt k'Ug g;s]sf] eGb} ca sfFu; ]| sf
pDd]bjf/ /fdrGb| kf}8n ] nfO{ ;dy{g
ug]{ dfgl;stfdf b]lvPsf] 5 eg]
csf]{ ;+:yfkg kIf s'g} klg xfntdf
sfFu|];nfO{ ;dy{g gug]{ a? kf6L{
t6:y a:g'kg]{ c8fgdf /x]sf] 5 .
;dy{g g} ug'{ k/] klg jfdkGyL
zlQmnfO{ ug]{ ;+:yfkg kIfsf] egfO
/xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
clxn] s f] n8fOF /fi6« j fbL /
cfTd;dk0f{jfbLaLr ePsf] eGb}
dfcf]jfbLn] /fi6«jfbL zlQmnfO{ Psh'6
agfP/ cl3 a9\g cfufdL !& ut]
x'g] lgjf{rgdf cfˆgf pDd]bjf/
k|r08nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ o;cl3 g}
Pdfn]nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . cfˆgf]
;dy{g Pdfn]nfO{ eP klg Pdfn]n]
b'O{ ltxfO{ gk'uL ;/sf/ u7g gug]{
-afF s L & k] h df_

k|r08s} kNnf ef/L

@ ut] ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{
sd}of d'St ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] . t/ ;/sf/n] u/]sf] pT;fxk"0f{
3f] i f0ffaf6 b] z sf sd} o f eg]
bzskl5 klg pT;fxL aGg ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . ;/sf/L tYofÍcg';f/ klg
clxn];Dd kfFr xhf/ *^* kl/jf/
3/af/ljxLg g} 5g\ . ptf u}/;/sf/L
/ cGo ;+3;+:yfn] u/]sf ljleGg
dxf;+3n] /fhwfgLdf gfsfaGbL ug]{
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn cflbjf;L
hghflt dxf;+ 3 n] /fhwfgLdf
gfsfaGbLnufotsf Ps dlxg]
cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
5 . cGtl/d ;+ l jwfgn] 3f] i f0ff
ul/;s]sf wd{lg/k]Iftf, nf]stflGqs
u0ftGq / ;+3LotfnfO{ gofF ;+ljwfgdf
ckl/jt{gLo wf/fsf] ¿kdf pNn]v
ul/g' k g{ ] n ufotsf dfu /fVb}
dxf;+3n] Ps dlxg] cfGbf]ngsf
sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . dxf;+3sf
cWoIf /fhs'df/ n]vLn] z'qmaf/
lj1lKt hf/L u/]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf
k|ltlglwTj ug{] /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{
b]zdf sl/a @* xhf/ sd}of 5g\ .
ljz]ifu/L afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL,
s~rgk'/ / bfª lhNnfdf d'St
sd}of 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ /fHon] d'St
sd}of t 3f]if0ff u¥of] t/ pgLx¿nfO{
k'g:yf{kg ug]{ sfddf eg] /fHo
ljleGg axfgfdf tls{/x]sf] 5 o;
If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf JolStsf] egfO
-afF s L & k] h df_
bafa lbg cfufdL >fj0f #) ut]
sn+sL, afnfh' afOkf;, sLlt{k'/,
sf]6Z] j/nufotsf :yfgaf6 /fhwfgL
3]g{] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o:t} >fj0f
@( ut] /fhwfgLnufot b]ze/ ;fFem
d;fn h'n'; k|bz{ ug]{ dxf;+3n]
hgfPsf] 5 . g]k] fn ;/sf/n] cg'df]bg
ul/;s]sf cGt/f{li6«o cle;GwL !^(
/ ;+ o ' S t /fi6« ; + 3 sf] cflbjf;L
hghfltsf] dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL
3f]if0ffkqnfO{ df}lns xsdf cflbjf;L
hghfltsf] df}lns xssf] ¿kdf
;dfj]z u/L tTsfn sfo{kflnsf
-afF s L & k] h df_
sf7df8f}F . Joj:yflksf ;+;b\n]
ut z'qmaf/ bf];f| ] k6s klg k|wfgdGqL
rog ug{ g;s]kl5 cfufdL !& ut]
x'g] lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6
pDd]bjf/L lbg'ePsf cWoIf k|r08sf]
hLt lglZrt k| f oM ePsf] 5 .
dw];jfbL ;+oQ ' m df]rf{n] cl3 ;f/]sf]
cfwf/kqdf dfcf]jfbLn] ljut nfdf]
;dob]lv p7fpFb} cfPsf] d'2f k/]sfn]
dw] ; L bnn] dfcf] j fbLsf
pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ ePkl5
pxfFsf] ljho ;'lglZrt ePsf] xf] .
k|wfgdGqL kbsf csf{ k|Tof;L
sfFu|]; ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf /fdrGb|
kf} 8 ] n sf] kIfdf ax' d t k' U g
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
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Pdfn]nufot dfw];jfbL bn k"/}n]
;dy{g ug'k{ 5{ . Pdfn] cfˆgf] kIfdf
b'O{ ltxfO{ gk'u]kl5 /fli6«o ;xdlt
gag] t6:y a:g] ePsfn] pgsf] xf/
;'lglZrt ePsf] xf] . ;+;b\df xfn
kfFr ;o (( ;ef;b\ /x]sf 5g\ .
;fdfGo ax'dtaf6 k|wfgdGqL x'g tLg
;o dt rflxG5 . pQm dt k"/f ug{
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfk"m;Fu /x]sf] b'O{ ;o
#& afx]s ^# dt eP k'U5 eg]
sfFu;]| sf pDd]bjf/ kf}8n] nfO{ cfˆgf]
kf6L{sf] !!# dtafx]s yk !*&
rflxG5 . pgnfO{ afFsL dt k"/f ug{
Pdfn] / dw];jfbL bnx¿sf] ;dy{g
x'g clgjfo{ 5 . Pdfn] t6:y a:g]
ePkl5 /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] kIfdf
ax'dt gk'Ug] lglZrt ePsf] xf] .
Pdfn]n] /ftf/ft r'gfjdf efu lng
lg0f{o u/] klg sfFu;
]| sf pDd]bjf/nfO{
;dy{g ug]{ ;Defjgf 5}g . Pdfn]leq
b]vfPsf] b'O{ v]dfn] To; k|lqmofdf
cj/f]w ug]5 { . kf}8n] nfO{ s]kL–dfwj
v]dfn] cfZjf;g lbP klg Pdfn]
;+:yfkg kIf pQm k|:tfj dfGg tof/
-afF s L & k] h df_
k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq
tx x6\of]
sf7df8f} F . lqe' j g
ljZjljBfnon] cGttM k|jL0ftf
k|df0fkq tx x6fpg] ePsf] 5 . lzIff
dGqfnosf ;x;lrj hgfb{g g]kfn
/ dxf>d zdf{ / d'Vo tLg ljBfyL{
;Ë7gsf cWoIf, cg]/f:jljo' -
qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf n]vgfy
Gof}kfg], cg]/f:jljo'sL cWoIf
/fds'df/L emfFqmL, / g]lj;+3sf cWoIf
k|bLk kf}8n
] aLr ;f] ;xdlt ePsf]
xf] . cf7 a'bF fdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf
@$) j6} lgjf{rg If]qdf bz hf]8
b'O{df cfjZostfcg';f/ lj1fg
ljifo vf]Ng], s'g} lgjf{rg If]qdf
lj1fg ljifo vf] N g g;s] s f]
cj:yfdf aflx/ uP/ k9\gk' g]{ ePdf
5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ug]{, k|To]s
bzhf]8 b'Od{ f tLgj6f b/aGbL /fVg]
ljifodf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . To:t},
ef}lts ;fdu|L / ck'u lzIfs
-afF s L & k] h df_

o:tf] 5– dw];Ldf]rf{sf] cfwf/kq alnsf] af]sf] agfOP emngfy vgfn

sf7df8f}F . ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs k"0f{tfsf] nflu cfwf/kq ;fj{hlgs df] r f{ s f] a} 7 sn] pQm cfwf/kq æg]tfx¿ hgtfnfO{ cfzf dfq kf6L{x¿aLrsf] b"/L a9fpg] eGg] ckdfg / lt/:sf/ ug]{ k|jl[ Qx¿ s]
dw];L df]rf{n] jt{dfg /fhgLlts u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7gdf lg0ff{os ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . cfwf/kqdf b]vfpF5g\ t/ sfd eg] pN6f] u5{gÆ\ u[xsfo{df sfdx¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ dflysf]
ult/f]wsf] cGTosf] nflu dw];sf] d'2f, e"ldsf /x]sf] dw];jfbL bnx¿sf] ut ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;DaGwdf ;+3Lo eGg] hgu'gf;f] o;kfln klg rl/tfy{ sf]xL PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofpg], l;Ëf] cfqmd0f xf]Og <
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f tyf zflGtk|lqmofsf] z' q maf/ / l;+ x b/af/df a;] s f] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg ePsf] 5 . ;xdlt ug]{ g} /x]5g\ ls 3]/faGbL ug]{ / p;sf] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ ;xdltsf] ;do;Ldf ;lsPkl5
r}t d;fGtleq lgdf{0f u/L lgwf{l/t h:tf] u /L ;a} Psdt eP :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsGg eGg] h:tf] ax'dtLo k|lqmof ;'? eof] . t/, Pdfn]n]
t]Gb'ns/sf] cfTdsyf /utn] n]lvg] ;doleq hf/L ug{ hf]8bf/¿kdf
dfu ul/Psf] 5 . df]rf{sf ljhos'df/
/fi6«kltnfO{ ;xdltsf] nflu eGb} yk
kfFr lbgsf] Dofb yKg cfu|x u/] .
/fli6«otfsf nflu t'R5, 3[l0ft / hlt
g} lgGbf u/] klg sd x'g] k|jl[ Q, of]hgf
Pp6f xfF;f] p7\bf] lg0f{o u¥of], Tof] xf]–
b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] ;dy{g h'6fpg]
nG8g . ef/tLo lqms]6sf ;kmntd v]nf8L ;lrg t]Gb'ns/sf] ax'kt| LlIft uR5bf/, pk]Gb| ofbj, dxGt 7fs'/ Dofb ylkof] t/ ;a} ;xdltsf nflu / if8\ o Gqdf km;] s f 5g\ . ;t{df kf6L{ cWoIf emngfy vgfnnfO{
cfTdsyfsf] ljz]if ;+:s/0f 5kfOsf nflu pgs} /ut k|of]u ul/g] ePsf] 5 . / /fh] G b| dxtf] å f/f x:tfIfl/t k|wfgdGqLsf] pDd]bjf/ agfpg] .
df]6f] cfTdsyfsf] Tof] ;+:s/0f jf:tjd} ljz]if x'g] k|sfzssf] bfaL 5 . @)!!
km]a|'c/Ldf ahf/df cfpg] …t]Gb'ns/ cf]k;Ú sf b;k|lt pgs} /utn] 5flkg
cfwf/kq o:tf] 5– P] l txfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng / dw]; cfGbf]ngsf]
If]Kof:q ax; ljr/f emngfy vgfn] #(! sf] ;dy{g
k|fKt u/] / afFsL ;dy{g klg cfpg]
nfu]sf] xf] . k|sfzs qmfs]gn] o:tf] ug{s ' f] sf/0faf/] k|:6\ofPsf] 5, dxfg\
v]ns'b JolStTjk|lt jf:tljs ;Ddfg / pgsf] v]n / JolStut hLjg
hgfb] z , efjgf / dd{ c g' ; f/
;+3Lotf, nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, lbuf]
lji0f' kGt ;Defjgf lyof] . t/, ToxL kf6L{s} dfwj
g]kfn / s]kL cf]nLn] s'g} xfntdf
em8\sfpg] cj;/ .Ú x:tfIf/ k|of]u x'g] kfgf /ftf] b]vfpg t]Gb'ns/sf] zflGt / ;fdflhs Gofo tyf dw]; sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a;] / ljZjsk ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjL hgdtaf6 klg afFsL ;dy{gnfO{ /f]Sg] sfd u/] .
jf:tljs /ut k|of]u x'g]5, qmfs]gsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L sf:n:nfj/n] a]nfotL cfGbf]ngsf] a]nf ePsf afO; a'Fb] / k'm6an x]/] . kf6L{x¿ / g]tfx¿aLr g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / g]tT[ jbfoL To;kl5 xtf/–xtf/df emngfy
klqsf uflh{ognfO{ eg]sf 5g\, of] ;'Gbf klg /f]dfl~rt t'NofpF5 . s;}sf cf7 a' F b ] ;Demf} t fsf] cIf/ / Pscsf{df olt w]/} cljZjf; 5 ls, ag]sf] kf6L{nfO{ ckdfg ug'{ 3]/faGbL vgfnsf] k|:tfjs ag]sf dfwj g]kfnn]
nflu of] kfunkg klg x'g ;Sg]5 . t/ t]Gb'ns/ s/f]8f}F lqms]6 kf/vLsf efjgfcg'¿k ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs To;nfO{ d]6fpg nueu c;Dej ug'{ s] /fi6«nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] if8\oGq pgsf] k|:tfj lkmtf{ lnP / kf6L{
nflu dxfg\ JolStTj x'g,\ pgn] eg], pgsf] 5lj eujfg\sf] h:tf] 5 . dw];L df]rf{n] lgDgcg';f/sf] d'2fx¿ h:t} aGb} 5 . ;xdltsf nflu xf]Og < g]kfn /fi6«s} ;jf{lws nf]slk|o cWoIfsf] ckdfg u/] . $)! sf]
k|sfzssf nflu cfTdsyf klg eujfg\s} syfh:tf] agfpg] r'gf}tL x'G5 . to u/]sf] 5 . vf;u/L /fli6« o :jfy{ s ] G b| d f g]tfx¿ k|r08, ls/0f, afa'/fd, k|sfz ;dy{g eP ;/sf/ agfpg] gq ;/sf/
To;}n] xfdLn] o:tf] ug{ nfu]sf xf}F . b'ne{ tL b;k|ltsf -afFsL & k]hdf_ -afF s L & k] h df_ x' g ' k b{ Y of] . t/, oxfF t s;/L / afbnx¿nfO{ ljleGg jxfgfdf -afF s L & k] h df_
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s'g} ;dodf lgs} hgkIfLo ag]sf]
kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L 5lj 5f]6} ;dodf
g} lanfP/ hfg] u/]sf] tLtf] ;To
;+;f/d} b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;'?jftsf]
r/0fdf ljz]ifu/L tNnf] ju{ /
cGofodf k/]sf] ;d'bfosf] xslxtsf]
gf/f p7fpF5, pTkL8gdf k/]sf ju{sf]
;Qfsf] s'/f u5{ / ;Qf NofP/
pgLx¿sf] ju{ :yfg ug]{ ljifo klg
hf]8tf]8sf ;fy p7fpg] ub{5 .
jif{ #, c+s $$&&, ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/ @)^&
To;kl5 pm l5§} km}lnG5, bldt
;dfhsf] e/f];f aG5, tNnf] ju{sf]
;DkfbsLo alnof] ;fy / ;dy{ g kfpF 5 .
cf/Desf lbgx¿, hlta]nf p;n]
hglxtsf] gf/f lnP/ hfu/0fsf] ofqf
lgif]wsf] /fhgLlt gu/ ;'? u5{ Tolta]nf Ps lbg ;Tosf]
hLt x'g,] y'k}| afwfx¿ k/f:t ub}{
k|wfgdGqLsf rogsf nflu b'O{ k6s ePsf lgjf{rg ;kmntf xfFl;n ug]{ c7f]6 u5{ . of]
;To ;+;f/d} klg / g]kfndf klg
;kmn x'g ;s]g . b]zdf nf]stGq :yfkgf ePkl5 ;xdlt /f0ff zf;gsf] lj?4 g]kfnL sfFu; ]| sf],
/ ;xsfo{nfO{ cFufNg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf k|dv ' bnx¿n] k~rfotsf] lj?4 sfF u | ] ; /
sDo'lgi6sf] df]rf{ tyf To;kl5
cfˆgf] :jfy{l;l4sf nflu ax'dtdf hfg] eGb} ;xdtLo ;fdGtjfbs} lj?4df dfcf]jfbLåf/f
k|0ffnLsf] cGTo u/] h;sf] kmn:j¿k ;+ljwfg;efn] rnfOPsf] hgo'4sf] ;Gbe{df klg
kfpg ;lsG5 . ;'?sf lbgx¿df
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]g . hgd' v L / cu| u fdL gf/fx¿n]
;+ljwfg;efsf] cfo' a9fpg ;xdt /fhgLlts bnx¿ nf]slk|otf sdfP / cfGbf]ng Jofks
km}lnof] . cfGbf]ngn] ;kmntf kfpg
k'gM Ps k6s cfk"mx¿n] u/]sf] k|lta4tfdf r'Sg k'us ] f ls t ;'?sf lbgdf hf]lvd em]Ng'kg]{
x'G5 ls t ljhosf] If0fdf . k|f/Dedf
5g\ . h]7 !$ ut]sf] ;xdltkl5 ;xdltsf] ;+oQ ' m /fli6«o cfGbf]ngsf gf/fx¿ hgtfdf :yflkt
;/sf/ u7g u/L zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fnfO{ cl3 a9fpg u/fpg lgs} ufx|f] x'G5 eg] ljhosf]
glhs k'uk] l5 cfGbf]ng t'lxg] jf
;xdt bnx¿ k'gM ax'dtLo v]ndf nfUg' nHhf:kb ;Demf}tfdf 6'lËg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
ljifo xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn PsLs[t t/ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;n] b]vfpF5 ls
cfGbf]ng ;Demf}tfdf 6'lËPsf 5g\ .
g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgif]wsf] /fhgLlt ug]{ g]kfnL sfFu; ]| lj1fgn] eG5 ;To :yflkt u/fpg
7"n} ;+3if{sf] cfjZostf k5{ . ToxL
/ Pdfn]sf] rl/qsf sf/0f g} o:tf] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] xf], cfGbf]ngsf gf/fx¿ ;To x'G5g\ .
;a}sf] 7x/ 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf] g]tT[ jnfO{ ls t tfgfzfxLsf] lj?4df p7\5
cfGbf]ng ls t ;dfhdf ljs[lt,
c:jLsf/ ug'{ k'gM ;dod} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gug]{ / b]znfO{ lj;+ult, zf]if0f, bdg, cGofosf]
cl:y/tflt/ ws]Ng] sfo{sf] ;+st] xf] . lxhf] h;sf] lj?4df p7\5 . km]l/ tfgfzfxL k|jl[ Q
tyf cGofo / zf]if0f Pscfk;df
kxnsb\dLdf ;+ljwfg;ef / zflGtk|lqmofsf] yfngL eof] c;+kS[ t xf]Ogg\ . tfgfzfxL Joj:yfdf
g} ;dfh ljs[lt x'G5, cg]syl/ e|d
cfh p;}nfO{ cyf{t\ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgif]wsf] 5l/Psf x'G5g\, /fHos} ;+/If0fdf
/fhgLlt ug'{ eg]sf] k'gM b]znfO{ åGådf ws]Ng' xf] . zf]if0f, bdg / cGofo yf]kl/Psf]
x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf] d'2f oL ;a}sf]
g]kfnL hgtf zflGt / ;+ljwfg rfxG5g\ . To;}n] lj?4df x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf] p7fg
pgLx¿n] kl/jt{ g / cu| u dgsf] cfˆgf] rfxgf ;dfhsf ltg} bldt, lylrPsf /
tNnf] ju{sf dflg;x¿n] ug]{ xf] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ hfx]/ u/] . d'ns' df k'/ftg
;f]r / ;+:s[lt af]ss
g]kfnL sfFu;
] f oyfl:yltjfbL /fhgLlts bn
]| / Pdfn] kl/jt{g / cu|udgdf hfg ;Sb}g
eg]/ g} hgtfn] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;a}eGbf
df6f], d'6' / dxfgtf ¤
æd k'q ltd|f] ltdL w/tL dftf .
7"nf] bnsf] x}l;ot lbnfPsf x'g\ . t/, o; ;Tosf] af]w c6'6 df6f] d'6s ' f] 5 gftf ..Æ
æh'ga]nf ltdL s'g} lg0f{odf k'Ug
lsg ug{ rfxFbg} g\ ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ < pQ/ k|:6 5, g;ls b'lawfdf k5f}{ To;a]nf g]kfnsf]
pgLx¿ b]znfO{ cu|udgdf nfg rfxFb}g / Pp6f Psd'7L df6f] xftdf lnP/ ;f]r ltdLnfO{
lg0f{odf k'Ug ;lhnf] x'g5 ] .Æ
lg/ª\sz ' tfsf] cGTo u/L k'gM cfˆg} lg/ª\sz ' tf nfb\g] æ===dnfO{ 6]s/] v'8lsnf] of] b]z
dfyL plSnof];===.Æ
tof/Ldf h'6s ] f 5g\ . t/, hgtf ca ;r]t eO;s]sf ævf]H5g\ ;j} ;'v elg ;'v Tof]
5g\ . oL k'/ftg ;f]r / z}nL af]ss] f oyfl:yltjfbL bnsf] sxf“ 5 < cfk'm ld6fO{ c?nfO{ lbg' hxf“
5 .Æ
rª\un ' df km:g] 5}gg\ . t;y{, b]zsf tdfd /fhgLlts æxf]RofO c?nfO{ sf]Ot/xn] cfk'm
bnn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k|fKt hgfb]zsf] lz/f]k/ 7"nf] e} sg .
af"Rg] vfo; /fV5 w]/ b'lgof“ hfGb}g
ub}{ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ jdf ;+oQ ' m /fli6«o ;fgf] x'g ..
;/sf/ u7g u/L ;xdlt / ;xsfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg} ;fgf] e} sg ljZj ;]jg ;bf ug]{
dxfk'?if .
hGdG5g\ ax'wf sd} e'jgdf
k5{ / lgif]wsf] /fhgLlt TofUg'k5{, cGoyf To;sf] kl/0ffd
rDsG5 h:sf] oz ..Æ
uDeL/ x'g5 ] ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof . dfyLsf s]xL p2/0fx¿ pNn]v u/]/
d]nf] k:b} 5' . s]jn /fhgLltsf] ?vf]
v'/fsLn] lg/;, lg/f; ePsf] g]tT[ bfoL
Hof]lt nfdf :d[lt sf]if 3f]if0ff cfh
sfe|] . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] nufpg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . :juL{o
dgx¿nfO{ l/k|mz
g} 5 .
] ug{ o;n] dbt ug]{
l;;fvfgL uflj; lgjf;L 5fqf Hof]lt Hof]lt nfdfn] P;Pn;Ldf && k|ltzt g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt cfh /fli6«o
nfdfnfO{ sf7df8f}F–vf;f cfjt– NofO{ o;} jif{ leP; lgs]tg :s'naf6 /fhgLlts Oltxf";s} ;a} eGbf afËf]
hfjt ug]{ 6«s–Eofgn] n8]sf] 7fpFdf kf; u/]sL h]xG] bf/ 5fqf x'g\ . pgs} af6f] lnP/ cl3 a9]sf] cj:yf 5 .
k] n ] / xTof u/] s f] ;dfrf/ o;} gfddf Hof]lt nfdf :d[lt k'/:sf/ olt j]nf ;j} vfn] lglxt :jfyL{
klqsfn] k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sf]if u'7L cfh :joDe" d':tfª u'Dafdf tTjx¿n] cfk\mgf :jfy{ k'/fug{ h:tf]
;dfrf/nfO{ ;TotYo 7x/ ub}{ d[tssf 3f]if0ff ul/g] hfgsf/L k|]d nfdfn] v]n klg v]Ng ;Sg] k|;:t ;Defjgf
5 . 7Ls o:tf] cj:yfdf lhDd]jf/ bn
cleefjsnfO{ 6«s–Eofg dflns / 6«s lbg' e Psf] 5 . Hof] l t nfdfsf] jf g]tfx¿af6 b]zn] dxfg ;'ema'em,
sG6]g/ ;+3n] ?= !@ nfv Ifltk"lt{ k'0oltly -3]jf_ klg cfh} >fj0f ( Tofu / cfaZos k/] alnbfgsf] klg
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . d[ts Hof]lt nfdfsf ut] :joDe"df ;DkGg x'bF 5 } . ;f] Hof]lt dfu ub{5 . o'uLg /fhgLlt ug]x{ ¿n]
lktf k|d] nfdfsf cg';f/ ;f] /sd nfdf :d[lt sf]if u'7L 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf of] ;TonfO{ /fd|/L a'em] sf5g eGg] s'/fdf
Hof]lt nfdf :d[lt sf]if u'7L v8f u/L pkl:ylt x'g k|]d nfdfn] ;a}nfO{ z+sf ul//xg' k/f]Og{ . of] efjsf] kmfO{n
Aofhaf6 jflif{s ;fdflhs ;]jf sfo{df cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . s'g} s'gfdf gv'n/] ylGsPsf] 5 ls
ax;dfly ax;
zf]let g]kfn
To;}n], ;'?df Tof] s'/f dflyNnf] ju{
/ zf;sx¿nfO{ kTofpg} ufx|f] k5{ .
t}klg, :jfefljs ¿kdf tNnf] ju{sf
eg] cfGbf]ng km:6fpg] u5{ . b'O{
rf/j6f ufpF / zx/sf b'O{rf/
dflg;x¿df km}lnPkl5 dfq} aG5,
cfGbf]ng zf;sx¿sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo
t/ cfGbf]ngsf] dfu ;'Gg] lx;faaf6
xf]Og ls To;nfO{ bafP/ l;Wofpg]
jf t' x fpg] sf] 0 faf6 . g] k fndf
u+ufnfn / z'qm/fhx¿sf] ;xfbt,
k~rfotsf] lg/ª\sz ' bdg / hgo'4
bafpg rnfOPsf] lsnf] z]/f 6',
/f]ldof] / @)%* ;fndf nufOPsf]
;+ s 6sfnnfO{ cfGbf] n g bafpg]
of]hgfsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
nfdf] ;+3if{ / cfGbf]ngkl5 s'g}
klg kf6L{ ;/sf/df k'U5 . ;/sf/df
k'uk] l5 lj:tf/} cfGbf]ngdf ul/Psf
c7f] 6 x¿ la;{ G 5 . Ps lbg
cfd"nkl/jt{gsf] s'/f u5{ csf{] lbg
cfk"mn] ljutsf u/]sf k|lta4tf k"/f
ug{ atfpF5 . t}klg, pm lj:tf/}
;Qf;'vdf km:b} hfG5 . of] klg
cltzof]lSt gxf]nf, cfGbf]ng t'xfpg
/flvPsf] dGb ljifsf] k|efj p;df
kb}{ hfG5, g]tfx¿nfO{ nf]enfnrfdf
km;fOG5, ;+3if{df p7fOPsf dfux¿
lg:t]h agfpg la5\ofOPsf] if8\oGqsf]
hfnf]df s'g} kf6L{ km:b} hfG5 . km]l/
s'/f s] klg xf] eg] s'g} kf6L{sf] gfddf
ul/g] cfGbf]ng ;Qfs} nflu b]lvG5 .
;Qfs} nflu ;+3if{u/]sf kf6L{x¿
;/sf/df k'Ug]lalQs} lalu|Psf 5g\ .
cfGbf]ngdf p7fPsf dfux¿ Ro"t
ePsf 5g\ . /fhtGqsfndf ;Qf
/fhfsf] xftdf ePsf] s'/f ztk|ltzt
;fFrf] xf] . t}klg, ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf]
gf/f lnP/ df}nfPsf] g]kfnL sfFu; ]| df
;/sf/df uPsf] s]xL ;dokl5 g}
ljrng b]vf k¥of], pm cfˆgf dfuaf6
lj:tf/} kl5 x6\g yfNof] . To:t}
;j{xf/fju{sf ;Qf agfpg] p2]Zo /fv]/
emfkf cfGbf] n gaf6 /fhgLltdf
pbfosf] Pdfn]n] klg ;/sf/df k'us ] f]
s]xL ;dod} emfkf cfGbf]ng lal;{of] .
;Qf -;/sf/_ ;'vn] qmflGtsf/L
eg]/ lSns u/]/ l/k|m; ] u/fpg] x]tn ' ]
dyLsf p2/0fx¿sf] ;xf/f lnPsf] x'" .
;fj{ef}d elgPsf g]kfnL hgtf cfh
/fhgLlts gf}6s + L cyjf km/s k|sl[ tsf]
ufO{hfqfsf] /ldt]df kl/0ft ePsf 5g\ .
Pp6f pvfg lyof] æslx" gePsf] hfqf
xf"8Lufp"dfÆ cj Tof] pvfgn] ;f:s[lts
If]qaf6 km8\sf] df/]/ /fhgLlts
/+ud~rsf] km/flsnf] efj e'dL]df k|jz ] k|wfgdGqL÷pGqLsf] lgjf{rgdf efu
u/]sf]5 . ca xfdLn] æslx" gePsf]
hfqf g]kfndfÆ eg]/ pNn]v ug{ kfpg]
ePsf 5f}+ .
;fgf] emf"ls x]/f}+ M bnx¿ dfu u5{g\
æs7k'tnL ;/sf/ /flhgfd b]p ÛÆ
v;|f s'/f
k/fsfi6f ;Ddsf] ;'gj' fO{ ljlxgtf kl5
;/sf/ /flhgfd lbG5 . /fi6«klt
bnx¿nfO{ cfH"jfg u5{g\ æbnx¿ ldn]/
;xdlto ;/sf/ u7g u/ ÛÆ ;xdltsf]
bf}8w'k lgs} ultdfg x'G5 . /fi6«kltn]
lbPsf] ;do ;xdltdf k'Ug kof{Kt x'b" g} .
æ;xdlt h:tf] dxfg sfo{sf]nflu ;do
k'ug] . k]ml/ ;do ylkb]p .Æ /fi6«klt
;+u yk ;do dfluG5 . /fi6«kltnfO{
klg ca rflx" ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ aGg]
eof] eg]/ v'l; nfU5 . yk kf"rlbg
;xdlto ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] cjlw
a9fO{G5 . of] ;do klg bnx¿n]
;xdltdf k'Ug] ;xdlt ub}d{ f u'hf5{g\ .
/fi6«klt k'gM bnx¿nfO{ cfH"jfg
u5{g\ æbnx¿ ldn]/ ax'dlto ;/sf/
u7g u/ ÛÆ bnx¿ ax'dlto ;/sf/
u7gsf] nflu bf}8w'kdf nfU5g\ . o:t}df
sfdrnfp ;/sf/sf k|jQmfn] st}
@)^& ;fn ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/
e"ld;'wf/h:tf gf/fx¿ Pdfn]sf
g]tfsf lbdfuaf6 lj:yflkt u/fof] .
;Qfdf k'Ug'eGbf klxn] u/]sf cfˆgf
k|lta4tfdf s'g} klg kf6L{ /xg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . ;/sf/ / ;Qfdf k'u]kl5
kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ e]6] eg] g]tfx¿ d'06f]
a6f5{g\ . s;}n] gLltsf] s'/f u¥of]
eg] ljleGg zf:q / bz{gsf s'/f u/]/
cfˆgf] l;4fGtsf] e|i6«Ls/0f ug]{ /f]un]
u|:t 5 /fhgLlt . olb ;dfhjfbsf]
s'/f ug]{ sfFu|]; ;/sf/df k'u]/
;dfhjfbs} kIfdf /x]sf] eP / ;/sf/
;' v df ge' n ] s f] eP sDo' l gi6
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfwf/ aGg] lyPg . h;/L
/fhtGqsfndf …>L % sf] ;/sf/
lyof] . o;sf] dtna ;Qf l> % df
lyof] / sfFu; ]| , To;}cGtu{tsf] Pp6f
kf6f] ;/sf/df k'us ] f] xf] . ;/sf/ dfq}
rnfpFbf t p;n] cfˆgf ;dfhjfbsf
gf/fx¿ e'Nof] eg] ;Qf g} kfPsf] eP
s] x'GYof] < cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] 5 . csf]{
oyf{y s] klg xf] eg] s'g} cfGbf]ng
bafpg g;s]kl5 ;Demf}tf u/fpg] /
…;/sf/sf] sf8{ kmfn]/ To;nfO{ lg:t]h
kfg{ / cfˆgf] ;] j fdf nufpg]
/fhtGqsf] gLlt g} xf] . t}klg, ;f]rgLo
s] klg xf] eg] /fHosf] k|zf;g x]g{]
lhDdf ;/sf/ lyof] /fhtGqsfndf
klg . k|zf;gnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfPsf]
eP / sfFu; ]| n] cfGbf]ngtfsf hgtfdf
afF8]sf cfZjf;gx¿df ljrlnt
gePsf] eP sfFu; ]| sf] k'/fg} gf/f lnP/
csf]{ kf6L{ hGdg'kg]{ cfjZostf g}
x'g] lyPg .
x' g t :jfefljs ¿kdf
sDo'lgi6x¿ ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf ug{
rfxG5g\ . g]kfndf eg] sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng ljs[t ePsf] b]lvG5 . 6'6km'6
/ j}rfl/s ljrng sDo'lgi6sf] d'Vo
;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . @))^
;fn :yfkgf ePsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
gk'm6]sf] eP g]kfndf hgjfbL qmflGt
9f6f gx'g ;SYof] t/ ;fgf ljifodf dt
gldGbf dgd'6fj x'g] / kf6L{ k'ml6xfNg]
kl/kf6L aGof] . g]kfndf b'O{ rl/qsf
sDo'lgi6 b]lvP, /fhfsf sDo'lgi6 /
hgtfsf sDo'lgi6 . /fhtGqsf] cGTo
efif0f u/]sf] ;'lgG5 æolx sfdrnfp
;/sf/ g} csf]{ Ps aif{ ;Dd sfod
/xG5 .Æ sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j
ul//x]sf] kf6L{n] k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu
k|:tfljt cfk\mgf] bnsf] cWoIfn] $)!
hgfsf] x:tfIf/ k]z ug{ g;s]sf] eg]/
k|:tfj lkmtf{ lnG5 . dw]zafbL bnx¿
æxfdLn] eg] h:tf] gkfpGh]n xfdL of]
lnb}gf}+ .Æ eg]/ klG5G5 .
oL bnx¿af6 g]=s=kf=Pdfn]nfO{
klg af]wL1fg k|fKtx'G5 . p klg
t6:ytfsf] gLlt clVtof/ u/]/
slx"gePsf] hfqfsf] g]tT[ j ub}{ 3f]if0ff
u0f]z a'nf]
/l~ht xgL
9fdu/
u5{, æg]=s=kf=Pdfn]nfO{ kbsf] nfnr
5}g . b]zsf] ;d:ofx¿n] rf"8} lgsfz
kfcf];\ . zflGt, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f /
cu|udgn] rf"8} d'tt{ f k|fKtu/f];\ eg]/
k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgsf] of] k|lqmofdf
t6:ytfsf] of] cZqsf] ;uf}/j k|of]u
ub{5 . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, xfd|f] ;xof]u
lagf s;}n] klg ;/sf/ agfpg jf
b]zsf] ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{
;Sb}gg\ . t;y{ of] ax'dlto ;/sf/
agfpg] lgaf{rg xhf/ k6s ePklg
g]=s=kf=Pdfn] t6:y a:5 efu ln"bg} .
t6:ytfsf] of] ef"hf] sfod} /fVb5 .Æ
dnfO{ olt v]/ ;Demgf cfp"5,
P=g]=s=kf=-dfcf]afbL_nfO{ u}/ lhDd]jf/
pQfpnf] zlQmsf] ¿kdf lrq0f ub}{
g]=s=kf=Pdfn]sf Pshgf al/i7 g]tfn]
eg]sf lyP, ækf8f] a]:;/L plk|mof] eg]/
dfp klg ;+u ;u} plk|mb" g} . To;/L
eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df Tof] lsQf cu|ufdL
sDo'lgi6 / kZrufdL sDo'lgi6df
km]l/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
cfˆgf] p2] Z odf b[ 9 /x] s f] eP
sDo'lgi6sf kl5 k'R5/ /fVg' g} kg]{
lyPg . km]l/ s'/f ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
;Qf;'vdf /dfP eGg] xf]Og, pgLx¿
;Lldt :jfy{df /dfP, cfˆgf] dfu,
cfGbf]ngsf] p2]ZoeGbf klg gfddf
/dfP, h;n] ubf{ 6'qmf6'qmfdf ljeflht
eP sDo'lgi6x¿ . oyfy{df, /fhgLltdf
Odfgbfl/tf / hLjGttfsf] vfFrf]
b]lvG5 . Ps ;dodf cu|ufdL of]hgf
/ dfu af]s/] pbfosf kf6L{x¿ ToL
dfudf b[9 /x]gg\ dtna Odfgbf/
ePgg\ . ;Qf;'v kfP/ jf ;Lldt
:jfy{df kf6L{x¿ /dfpg yfn]kl5
cfGbf]ngsf ;f/f gf/fx¿ 6'x/' f alg/x] .
kl5 ToxL gf/f l6k]/ csf]{ kf6L{ hlGdg
yfn] . cu|ufdL gf/fsf] e¥ofª r9]/
bnx¿dfly hfg] / To;}sf] Aofh
vfO/xg] gdL7f] rng /Xof] . cflv/
p2]Zodf ljrlnt gx'g] xf] eg] sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ dfq} eP k'UYof], k'R5/sf] vfFrf]
kb}g{ Yof] . lsg hlGdof] dfn] < kl5 lsg
aGof] Pdfn] < jf:tjdf s]xL /x]g
logLx¿sf] ;fy{stf . log} kf6L{sf
hgjfbL qmflGtk|ltsf] pbf;Lgtfsf
sf/0f dfcf]jfbL hlGdof] . clxn] pm
7"nf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfq} geP/ b]zs}
7"nf] kf6L{ ag]sf] 5 . pm cfˆgf] p2]Zodf
slt Odfgbf/ /xG5, Tof] t ;don] g}
atfpnf . h] x f] ; \ , /fhgLltdf
Odfgbfl/tfsf] vfFrf] /x]sf] s'/f ;To
xf] . To:t} /fhgLltdf hLjGttfsf] klg
plQs} vfFrf] 5 . hgtfsf] kl/jlt{t
rfxgfcg';f/ kf6L{x¿ rn]sf eP cg]s
gfdwf/L kf6L{sf] cfjZstf g} x'g] lyPg .
dflglnpF sfFu; ]| ;dfhjfbsf] p2]Zodf
b[9 /x]sf] x'GYof] eg] / hgtfsf]
rfxgfcg';f/ rNg l;s]sf] eP c?
kf6L{ lsg hGdGy] g]kfndf < p;n] g}
hgtfsf] rfxgf k"/f u/]sf] eP lsg
hGdGYof] sDo'lgi6 < kf6L{x¿ t
ljsNksf] ¿kdf hGdg] / km}lng] u/]sf
x'g\ .
jf:tjdf, hgtfsf rfxgf vf]nf
x'g\ t/ ltgsf k|ltlglwTj ug{ kf6L{x¿
s'jf alg/x] . km]l/ s'jfsf] ;/;kmfO{
ug]{ lylt s'g} klg kf6L{df a;]g .
To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] cg]s gfdsf kf6L{
/ s';L{sf nflu rln/x]sf] ltgLx¿sf]
l5gfemD6L .
dfp pk|mg yfNof] eg] cgy{ x'G5 .
g]=s=kf=Pdfn] lhDd]jf/ bn xf] . of]
dfcf]afbL h:tf] pQfpnf] x'g ;Sb}g .
p h:tf] u}/lhDd]jf/ aGg ;Sb}g .Æ
xfdL cfh g]=s=kf=Pdfn] ;+u p;n]
cfk'mnfO{ lhDd]jf/ zlQmsf] ¿kdf k|:t't
u/]/ b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] cfk\mgf]
lhDd]jf/Laf]wnfO{ Aojxf/df b]vfpg
cfu|x ub{5F}+ .
olb g]=s=kf=Pdfn]sf] pk/f]Qm egfO{
Ifl0fs cfj]u jf a'l4ljnfz dfq xf]Og{
eg] cf/Dedf pw[t p2/0fx¿n] dfu]sf]
efjnfO{ dgg ul/ 5ftL km/flsnf] kf/]/
Tofu / alnbfgk"0f{ dxfg Aojxf/ jf
e'ldsf v]Ng] ;j} eGbf pko'Qm ;do
olx g} xf] .
of] cfu|x s]jn g]=s=kf=Pdfn] jf
To;sf g]tfx¿sf] nfludfq geO{ p:t}
p:t} Aojxf/ k| b z{ g ug] {
dw]zafbLbnx¿ / cGo ;fgfbnx¿nfO{
klg xf] . of] wldnf] kfgLdf df5f dfg]{
sfd ug]x{ ¿sf] nflu ;lhnf] kfg]{ sfd
ug]{ a]nf xf]Og{ . olb of] s'/f lal;{P/
/fi6« / hgtfsf] eljio ;+u v]njf8
ug]{ sfddf nfUof}+ eg] xfdLnfO{ eflj
k':tfn] sbflk dfkm ug]{ 5}g .
cfh x/] s bndf dxTjk" 0 f{
e"ldsfdf /xg'xg' ] ;j} g]tT[ ju0fnfO{ k'Mg
Ps k6s dfyLsf p2/0fnfO{dgg u/]/
pbfx/l0fo Aojxf/ ul/lbgx'g cfu|x
ug'{ afx]s hgtfn] c? s] e'ldsf lgjf{x
ug{ ;S5 / . hgtfsf] gfddf hg3ft
g} eO{ /x]df hgtfn] s] ug{ ;S5g\
eGg] ljifonfO{ tfhf kfg{ kl5 kms]/{
ljut !( lbg] dxfg hgcfGbf]ngngO{
dfq} ;De]m k'U5 w]/} 6f9fsf] Oltxf";
s]nfO{/fVg} kb}g{ .
@)^& ;fn ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) k| w fgdGqL kbsf] nflu b' O {
k6s ePsf ] lgjf{ r gaf6
;d] t lgsf; lgsfNg ;s] g
lg < o; ljifodf s]
eGg' x ' G 5 <
bf];f| ] k6ssf] lgjf{rgaf6 ;d]t
d'n'sn] k|wfgdGqL gkfpg] xfd|f]
df] 6 fdf] 6 L k" j { c g' d fg lyof] .
/fhtGqsf] cGTo;F u } g] k fnsf]
/fhgLlt ax'w|'jdf ljeflht ePsf]
5 . Pp6f wf/ kZrufdL ljrf/dfkm{t\
cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{ wf/ cu|ufdL
ljrf/dfkm{t\ d'ns ' nfO{ cul8 a9fpg]
u/L cfPsf] 5 . cfu| u fdL wf/
hgtfsf] kIfdf cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{
kZrufdL wf/ k|ltlqmofjfbdf ktg
x' F b } 5 . kZrufdL / cu| u fdL
d'ns' n] lgsf; kfpg /fhgLlts
bnx¿ lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tf,
;+ljwfg;ef / clxn]sf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgcg';f/ cufl8 a9\g tof/
x'gk' 5{ . To;f] ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef
lgjf{rgdf hgtfn] JoQm u/]sf]
hgdtcg';f/ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf
/fli6«o ;+oQ ' m ;/sf/ aG5 . To;f] eof]
eg] d'ns ' n] lgsf; kfpF5 . xfd|f] k|:tfj
/ hgtfsf] hgdtnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{
oyfl:yltjfbL / kZrufdL bnx¿
;xdt ePgg\ eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] afFsL
/x]sf] qmflGt gofF k|lqmofåf/f ;DkGg
ug'k
{ g]{ x'G5 .
g]kfnL sf“u|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kZrufdL /
k|ltlqmofjfbL wf/ 5, Tof] wf/sf]
kl/rfns ljb]zL zlQm g} xf] . d'Vo
g]t[Tj lbNnLn] ul//x]sf] xfdL k|:6
b]V5f}“.
Ps l9Ssf / ;+3if{ eGg] s'/f Pp6f kf6L{df
nuftf/ rln/xg] ljifo xf] . s'g} g]tfnfO{ s'g}
ljifodf Ps l9Ssf dgk5{, s'g} g]tfnfO{ s'g}
ljifodf ;+3if{ dg k5{ . ;+3if{ / Pstfaf6 g}
ljho k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
zlQmx¿aLr ;+;b\df olta]nf ;+3if{
k}bf ePsf] 5 . sfFu|];n] kZrufdL
/ oyl:yltjfbL wf/sf] g] t [ T j
ul//x]sf] 5 eg] Pdfn]aLrdf 9'nd'n]
rl/q b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] ;+;b\df
k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu ePsf] s;/tn]
s] b]vfpF5 eg] g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
¿kfGt/0fsf] nflu k|lt:kwf{ clgjfo{
lyof], b'O{ w|j' df afFl8g clgjfo{ lyof] .
clxn] ;+;b\df b]lvPsf] kl/0ffdnfO{
d}n] cgf}7f] 7fg]sf] 5}g . of] :jefljs}
lyof] .
) o:tf] cj:yfdf ca d'n'sn]
s;/L lgsf; kfpF 5 t <
d'ns' n] lgsf; kfpg /fhgLlts
bnx¿ lj:t[ t zflGt;Demf} t f,
;+ljwfg;ef / clxn]sf] cGtl/d
unt ;t{x¿ :jLsf/]/
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df hf“b}g
clxn] ;+;b\df b]lvPsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ d}n] cgf}7f] 7fg]sf] 5}g . of] :jefljs} lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL cfTd;dk{0f u/]/ hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbP/ k5fl8 x6\bg} . g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ /fHo;Qfsf] dflns agfpg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 5 .
oL Oltxf;n] vf/]h u/]sf cf}lrToxLg s'/f u/]/ 6fpsf] b'vfpg h?/L 5}g .
Pdfn]n] cfk"mnfO{ ;s];Dd kZrufdL wf/df gn}hfcf];\ eGg]
xfdL rfxG5f}+ .
g]qljqmd rGb| l‘ jKnj’, :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o, P= g]skf dfcf]jfbL
;+ljwfgcg';f/ cufl8 a9\g tof/
x'g'k5{ . To;f] ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef
lgjf{rgdf hgtfn] JoQm u/]sf]
hgdtcg';f/ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]
g]tT[ jdf /fli6«o ;+oQ ' m ;/sf/ aG5 .
To;f] eof] eg] d'ns ' n] lgsf; kfpF5 .
xfd|f] k|:tfj / hgtfsf] hgdtnfO{
;Ddfg ug{ oyfl:yltjfbL /
kZrufdL bnx¿ ;xdt ePgg\ eg]
g]kfnL hgtfn] afFsL /x]sf] qmflGt
gofF k|lqmofåf/f ;DkGg ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .
o:tf] k|lqmof afWosf/L cj:yfdf dfq
aflx/ cfpF5 . clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf]
g]t[Tjdf /fli6«o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ u7g
u/]/ d'n'ssf] lgsf; lbg]tkm{ kxn
ug'{k5{ .
) tkfO{ + x ¿ /fli6« o ;/sf/
eGg'x'G5, t/ Pp6f jfdkGyL
bn Pdfn] cem} klg t6:y
/xg] atfO/x] s f] 5 o:tf]
cj:yfdf s;/L ;xdlt aGg
;S5 <
g]kfndf olta]nf tLg km/s–
km/s ljrf/ b]vfk/]sf] 5 . Pp6f
qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, bf];|f] kZrufdL
ljrf/ / t];|f] ljrf/ dWodfuL{
b]vfk/]sf] 5 . olta]nf oxL tLg
wf/aLr k|lt:kwf{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
b[li6df cGttM cu|ufdL, qmflGtsf/L,
hgkIfLo ljrf/n] ljho k|fKt ug]5 { .
clxn] h]–hlt ;d:ofx¿ b]lvPsf
5g\ of] tLg wf/aLr b] l vPsf]
k|lt:kwf{sf] k|ltlalDat xf] . Pdfn]n]
cfk"mnfO{ ;s];Dd kZrufdL wf/df
gn}hfcf];\ eGg] xfdLn] rfxG5f}F .
) ;Qf;d Ls/0 fd f lg0 ff { os os
e" l dsfdf /x] s f dw] ; jfbL
df] r f{ n ] ;/sf/df ;xefuL
x' g ' c l3 ;f/] s f
cjwf/0ffkqnfO{ tkfO{ + s f]
kf6L{n] s;/L x]/]sf] 5 <
dw];jfbL bnx¿ If]qLo bn x'g,\
pgLx¿ /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|Lo wf/nfO{
;dfTg ;Sg] bnh:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g .
If]qLotfsf] gf/fleq Pp6f lglZrt
;d' b fosf] gf/fleq pgLx¿sf]
dgf]efjgfnfO{ ;d]6/] cufl8 cfPsf]
Pp6f wf/ dw];jfbL bnx¿ x'g\ .
dw];jfbL bn;Fusf] ;xsfo{ xfdLn]
a9f] ljZn]if0f u/]/ dfq ug'{k5{ .
dw];jfbL bnx¿ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf]
s] G b| L o wf/df ;dflxt x' g
cfOk'Ug'k5{ . Tof]afx]s dw];jfbL
bnsf unt ;t{x¿nfO{ :jLsf/]/
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df hfFb}g .
) d'n'sn] hlt l9nf] k|wfgdGqL
kfpF 5 , Tolt g} ljb] z Lx¿sf]
rnv] n a9\ g ] b] l vG5 lg
xf] O g <
of] Psbd ;xL s'/f xf] . xfdL
nfdf] ;dob]lv oxL s'/f eGb} cfPsf
5f}F . g]kfnL sfFu|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf]
kZrufdL / k|ltlqmofjfbL wf/f 5,
Tof] wf/sf] kl/rfns ljb]zL zlQm g}
xf] . d'Vo g]t[Tj lbNnLn] ul//x]sf]
xfdL k|:6 b]V5f}F .
) clxn] b] l vPsf tdfd
;d:ofx¿nfO{ lrb} { cufl8
a9\ g tkfO{ + x ¿n] s' g } vfsf
tof/ kfg' { e Psf] 5 <
xfd|f] kf6L{ ;xdlt / ;xsfo{dfkm{t\
cufl8 a9\g tof/ 5 . dfcf]jfbL
/fli6«o ;xdlt u/]/ d'ns ' nfO{ cufl8
a9fpg rfxG5 . ;xdltdf cufl8
a9\g'sf] ;f6f] cGo bnx¿ kl5
kms{G5g\, efU5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
/fHosf] dflns agfpg] u/L
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsNk vf]Hg dfcf]jfbL
tof/ 5 . Oltxf;n] ;fljt u/]sf]
s' / f ;Qf;Lg zf;sju{ ;lhn}
hgtfnfO{ d"nwf/df cfpg lbg
rfxFb}gg\, hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{
;'lglZrt ug{ rfxFbg} g\ . To; cy{df
s]xL g s]xL ;+3if{ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltn]
clgjfo{ agfO/fv]sf] h:tf] xfdLnfO{
dx;'; x'G5 . xfd|f] wf/0f s] 5 eg]
k| w fgdGqLsf] lgjf{ r g ;s] ; Dd
hgdtsf] cfwf/df k" / f u/f} F .
dfcf] j fbL cfTd;dk{ 0 f u/] /
hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbP/ k5fl8 x6\bg} .
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ /fHo;Qfsf] dflns
agfpg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L
/x]sf] 5 . Tof] hgtfnfO{ dflns
agfpg] 7fpF;Dd dfcf]jfbL k'U5 .
dfcf]jfbLn] slxNo} klg hgtfnfO{
wf]sf lbFb}g .
) tkfO{ + x ¿;F u jfOl;Pnsf]
cw{ ; } G o ;+ / rgf eË,
hg;] g fsf] ;+ V of tf] S g' k g] { ,
sAhf ul/Psf] 3/huf lkmtf{
ug' { k g] { n ufotsf dfu /fv] /
;dy{g ug]{ kf6L{x¿ oL tdfd
s' / f la;] { / PSNofpg]
k| o f;tkm{ dfq nfu] s f 5
lg <
oL Oltxf;n] vf/] h u/] s f
cf}lrToxLg s'/f u/]/ 6fpsf] b'vfpg
h?/L 5}g . sfFu|];nufot cGo s]xL
bnx¿n] h'g ts{ p7fO/x]sf 5g\,
dnfO{ tL ts{ x ¿ kfv08 /
v] n fF O rLafx] s c? s] x L klg
xf]Ogh:tf] nfU5 . cfk"mn] u/]sf]
;xdlt / ;Demf}tfnfO{ pN6\ofP/
hgtfnfO{ e|d 5g]{ sfd xfdLaf6
sbflk x'Fb}g .
) tkfO{+x¿sf] kf6L{leq b]lvPsf]
ljjfb 6'lËP/ ca Psl9Ssf
eP/ cufl8 a9\ g ' ePsf]
xf] <
Ps l9Ssf / ;+3if{ eGg] s'/f
Pp6f kf6L{df nuftf/ rln/xg] ljifo
xf] . s'g} g]tfnfO{ s'g} ljifodf Ps
ˆ3
l9Ssf dgk5{, s'g} g]tfnfO{ s'g} kfpF5 eg]/ hgtfnfO{ s;/L
ljifodf ;+3if{ dg k5{ . ;+3if{ / cfZj:t kfg' { x ' G 5 <
Pstfaf6 g} ljho k| f Kt ug{ d' n ' s sf] ;xh lgsf;sf]
;lsG5 . ;dfwfgnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug],{ ;Defjgf Psbd sd 5 . hgtf
kf6L{nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ / cfkm}Fn] qmflGt d} 5 . cfk"m qmflGtdf x'Fbfsf]
cfkm}n F fO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof, ;+3if{ cj:yfnfO{ ;ts{tfk"js { x]gk{' 5{ /
/ Pstfaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . ;ts{tfk"j{s To;sf] kxnsb\dL
kf6L{leq ;+3if{ / ¿kfGt/0f 6'lËof] lng'k5{ . r'gf}tL ;+3if{sf] aLraf6
eGg klg ldNb} g , To:t} c?n] clxn]sf] ;+s6nfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ /
dfG5]x¿n] cfsf+Iff u/]cg';f/sf] ;dfwfg lbg]tkm{ xfdLn] ;f]Rg'k5{ .
:t/df 5 eg]/ klg xfdLn] lrGtf ;xh lgsf;sf] ck]Iff xfdLn] sbflk
dfGg' x'bF g} . xfdL clxn]sf d'2fx¿df ug'x{ bF' g} .
Psdt 5f}F t/ s}of}F cfb]z, dfGotf, ) cGTodf s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5
s}of}F ljrf/x¿sf] s'/fdf xfdL ;+3if{df ls <
klg 5f}F . xfdL sDo'lg:6x¿ cfˆgf] g]kfnsf] jt{dfg j:t'l:yltnfO{
cfb]zcg';f/sf] kf6L{, ;dfh / /fi6« ;fdgf ug{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ tof/ 5 .
agfpg rfxG5f}F . To;sf] nflu ;+3if{ jt{ d fg ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbg
hf/L /xG5 . ;+ 3 if{ ug{ xfdL dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ;fdYo{ /fV5 . o;df
lxrlsrfpFbg} f}F . ljZj:t x'g ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{
) jt{dfg ;d:ofn] rfF8} lgsf; clkn ub{5' .
bf];|f] k6ssf] lgjf{rgaf6 ;d]t d'n'sn]
k|wfgdGqL gkfpg] xfd|f] df]6fdf]6L k"j{cg'dfg
lyof] . /fhtGqsf] cGTo;“u} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt
ax'w|'jdf ljeflht ePsf] 5 . Pp6f wf/
kZrufdL ljrf/dfkm{t\ cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{ wf/
cu|ufdL ljrf/dfkm{t\ d'n'snfO{ cul8 a9fpg]
u/L cfPsf] 5 . cfu|ufdL wf/ hgtfsf]
kIfdf cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{ kZrufdL wf/
k|ltlqmofjfbdf ktg x'“b}5 . kZrufdL /
cu|ufdL zlQmx?aLr ;+;b\df olta]nf ;+3if{
k}bf ePsf] 5 . sf“u|];n] kZrufdL /
oyl:yltjfbL wf/sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 eg]
Pdfn]aLrdf 9'nd'n] rl/q b]vfO/x]sf] 5 .
dw];jfbL bnx¿ If]qLo bn x'g\, pgLx¿
/fhgLltsf] s]Gb|Lo wf/nfO{ ;dfTg ;Sg]
bnh:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . If]qLotfsf] gf/fleq
Pp6f lglZrt ;d'bfosf] gf/fleq pgLx¿sf]
dgf]efjgfnfO{ ;d]6/] cufl8 cfPsf] Pp6f wf/
dw];jfbL bnx¿ x'g\ . dw];jfbL bn;“usf]
;xsfo{ xfdLn] a9f] ljZn]if0f u/]/ dfq ug'k{ 5{ .
d'ns
' sf] ;xh lgsf;sf] ;Defjgf Psbd sd 5 .
hgtf qmflGt d} 5 . cfk"m qmflGtdf x'Fbfsf]
cj:yfnfO{ ;ts{tfk"j{s x]g'{k5{ / ;ts{tfk"j{s
To;sf] kxnsb\dL lng'k5{ .
ˆ4
;+;b\jfbL rl/q / ;]gf ;dfof]hgleqsf] rnv]n
ljb] z L x:tIf] k sf] r/d\
k/fsfi7faf6 hlGdPsf] dfs' g ]
g]t[Tjsf] s7\k'tnL ;/sf/ e|i6frf/
s'zf;g b08xLgtfsf z+[vnfx¿sf]
s' ¿ k / ljb| ' k ¿k af] S bfaf] S b}
leqleq} s'lxP/ e]6\g';d]t un]/
em/]kl5 b]zdf km]l/ c:j:y¿kdf
s';L{ n'5fr'F8L b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .
;+ljwfg;efdf hgtfn] lbPsf] Dof08]6
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu dfq geO{
;+qmd0fsfnLg l:yltdf ;/sf/sf]
g]t[Tjsf] nflu o:t} gLr xbsf]
sfo{snfkx¿ x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{
dWogh/ ub}{ ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jsf] nflu
hgtfn] lbPsf] lgb]z { g klg xf] eGg]
oyfy{nfO{ e'n]/ of] of Tof] jxfgfdf
3'Dg] s';L{dfly cGwf] dfG5] aGg
xtfl//x] s f 5g\ rfx] ax' d t–
cNkdtsf] gfddf lsga]r g} u/]/
lsg gxf];\ . t/ ;a}n] a'‰g'kg]{ s'/f
s] xf] eg] ax'dt–cNkdtaf6 en}
;/sf/ agfpg ;lsPnf, s] x L
JolStx¿nfO{ dGqL agfpg ;lsPnf,
cfkmGtx¿sf nflu ;'gf}nf] cj;/
lbg ;lsPnf , cfˆgf] nflu uf8L,
aËnfsf] hf]/hfd ug{ ;lsPnf, kf6L{
rnfpg] vr{ klg h'6fpg ;lsPnf
t/ b]zsf nflu / hgtfn] rfx]sf]
gofF ;+ljwfg ;xdltlagf /lQe/ klg
;Defjgf 5}g eGg] ;To ljutsf
;/sf/x¿sf] cjzfgn] b]vfO;s]sf]
5 . olb ljutsf ;/sf/;Fu} b]zn]
ef] u ] s f] c;kmntfnfO{ g] k fnsf
;+ ; b\ j fbL bnx¿ lsg To;sf]
k'g/fj[lQ rfxG5g\ < k|Zg cg'Ql/t
5 . olb cfˆgf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/
ls;fgx¿sf] ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf] pkfo
/fdaxfb' / blxt
g]kfn Pp6f s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] .
oxfFsf (% k|ltzt hgtf s[lif k];fdf
lge{/ 5g\ . s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf
cfd"n kl/jt{g gul/sg pTkfbgdf
j[l4 x'g] l:ylt 5}g . s[lif pTkfbgdf
j[l4 geP;Dd b]zsf] ljsf; klg
c;Dej 5 . s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4
geP g]kfnLx¿sf] u/LaL emg a9\g
k'U5 . g]kfnLsf] cfo:t/ 36g k'u]
b]zg} u/LaLsf] tNnf] /]vfdf emg{
k'U5 . u/LaLn] czflGt lgDTofpF5 .
b]zdf cfGtl/s snxn] 3/ u/] …efO{
k'm6] ujfF/ n'6Ú] eGg] plQm nfu" x'G5 .
cfGtl/s snxsf sf/0f Pstf geP
h;n] h] klg ug{ ;S5 . t/, Pp6f
u/La kl/jf/df cljefjsn] ;a}
kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn]
kl/rfng ug],{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug],{
s;}nfO{ sfvf / s;}nfO{ kfvf gug]{
xf] eg] Tof] kl/jf/ zfGt x'G5 . g]kfn
/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cljefjs ;/sf/
/ /fHo xf] . s;}nfO{ sfvf / s;}nfO{
kfvf ug]{ ;/sf/ eof] eg] cjZo
klg ToxfF emu8f x'G5 . To;nfO{
ldnfpg] lhDdf cljefjssf] x'G5 .
clxn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ o:t}
cljefjsTj lbg] ;/sf/sf]
cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] s[lif pTkfbg If]qdf j[l4
ug{sf nflu ;j{ky| d ;fdGtL 6'qm]
pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] cGTo x'g h?/L
x'G5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwg, ;|ft] , zlQm
/ ;DaGwsf] klg ;xL kl/rfng x'g
h?/L 5 t/ g]kfndf o;f] ePsf]
5}g . g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qdf cfwfl/t
^% k|ltzt ls;fg;Fu s'n v]ltof]Uo
hdLgsf] % k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 .
#) k|ltzt hgtf;Fu !) k|ltzt
hdLg 5 . g]kfndf hf] s[lif k]zf
ub}{g pm;Fu *% k|ltzt hdLg 5 .
hdLgsf] of] c;dfg ljt/0fn] b]zsf]
s[lif cy{tGq psfnf] nfUg ;Sb}g .
of] ;a}n] ;f]Rg] / dgg ug]{ ljifo
xf] . bfn, rfdn, kfgL, cfuf] klg
glbg], 7fpF gb]vfOlbg] clg s;/L
x'G5 u/L vfg] ul/a ls;fgsf] enf] <
xl/ g]kfnL
agfpg ef]6 dfUbf h] klg dfGg tof/
;+;bLo kf6L{x¿ hgtfn] lbPsf]
lg0ff{os dtsf cfwf/df ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/
agfpg'k5{ eGg] ljrf/x¿ aflx/
cfpFbf ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] d'2fnfO{
c:jefljs ¿kdf prfNg] ljs[t
dfgl;stfaf6 u| : t b] l vG5 .
zflGt;Demf}tfsf] efjgfcg';f/ k'/fgf]
;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0f / hgd'lSt
;]gfsf] Joj;flos/0f clgjfo{ ;t{
xf] . b'j} ;]gfsf d"ne"t Ifdtfx¿sf]
ljlzi6Ls/0f ub}{ ;Ddfghgs 9Ën]
Joj:yfkg / ;dfof]hg x'g ;s] dfq
zflGtk|lqmofsf] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L
lbuf] zflGt / gofF ;+ljwfgdfkm{t\
gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 t/
k|ltlqmofjfbL lsQfsf k[i7kf]ifsx¿
;fj{ef}d oyfy{nfO{ lal;{P/ uf}/jzfnL
Oltxf; af]s]sf] hgd'lSt ;]gfnfO{
:6\ofG88{gD;{sf] cfwf/df ;dfof]hg
x'gk' g]{ eGb} cfdhgdfg;df lbUe|ldt
kfg]{ b':k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . h'g
s'/f pgLx¿n] cfjZoseGbf 5f]6f]
;dodf ;dfof]hg ug{sf] nflu k|:t't
u/]sf] vfsfn] klg :ki6 kf5{ . cem
:k:6 ¿kdf a'‰g] u/]/ b]lvPsf] d'Vo
s'/f s] xf] eg] ;fdGt bnfn /
k'FhLkltju{sf 7]s]bf/x¿ pgLx¿sf]
of]hgfcg'¿k ;dfof]hgsf] gfddf
hgd' l St ;] g f lj36g ug{
dfcf] j fbLnfO{ 3] / faGbL u/L
cfTd;dk{ 0 f u/fpg] / g] k fnL
qmflGtnfO{ aGofs/0f u/fpg]
e" l dsf] of] c;dfg ljt/0fnfO{
Jojl:yt ug{ hUuf hf]Tg]sf] cfwf/df
qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu" x'g Psbd}
h?/L 5 . s] ca aGg] gofF ;+ljwfgdf
qmflGtsf/L e"ld ;'wf/sf] s'/f n]Vg
bnx¿ ;xdt x'g ;S5g\ < ;s] t
/fd|} x'G5 g;s] km]l/ ls;fg ;a} ldn]/
yk cfGbf]ng / hLjgd/0fsf] ;+3if{
ug'{ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /xFb}g .
s[lif pTkfbg a[l4df cfjZos
kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg egsf] pGgt dn,
ljpljhg / l;rfO{sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf
xf] . g]kfndf vf]nfgfnf / gbLdf
k|;:t kfgL au]sf] 5 t/ ls;fgn]
v]lt ug]{ hdLgdf l;rfO{ kfgL 5}g .
l;rfO{ cefjsf sf/0f g]kfnsf]
clwsf+z hdLg wfgafnL kl5 afFem}
cj:yfdf /xg k'U5g\ . c;f/ dlxgf
ljTg nflu;s]sf] 5 t/ g]kfnsf] @%
k|ltzt hdLgdf dfq v]tL z'? ePsf]
5 . afFsL ;a} hdLg cfsfz] kfgLsf]
e/df afFem} klN6/x]sf 5g\ . wf}–wf}
v]tL z'? ePklg pGgt / g]kfnsf]
xfjfkfgLdf cg';f/ al9 pTkfbg x'g]
ljpljhg g]kfnsf ufpFn] ls;fgx¿n]
kfpF b } g g\ . v] t LkftL z' ?
ul/;Sbf;Dd klg rsf]{ d'Nolt/]/
u' 0 f:t/Lo dn t k/} hfcf] ;
u'0f:t/xLg dn;d]t ls;fgx¿n]
k|of]u ug{ kfpFb}gg\ . ls;fgx¿sf]
of] ;d:of xn ug{ k|To]s If]q:t/df
dn k|mofS6«L / k|To]s lhNnf:t/df
ljpljhg pTkfbg s]Gb| vf]lng
cToGt cfjZos 5 . g]kfnsf] ah]6
ljb]z e|d0f, ljleGg ;'v ;'ljwfdf
dGqLb] l v lkog;Dd, ;lrjb] l v
sd{rf/L;Ddn] vr]/{ l;Wofpg] u/]sf
5g\ . pgLx¿n] ls;fgx¿sf] ;d:of
;dfwfg ug]{ af6f]df of]hgf agfO{
cfly{s nufgL ug]{ s'/f t w]/} k/sf]
eOxfNof] .
s[lif pTkfbgdf a[l4 ug]{ csf]{
cfwf/e"t cfjZostf bIf hgzlQm xf] .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg
ug{ ;ls/x]sf]] 5}g . efF8f] eP pTkfbg
ug]{ xf] g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu Tof] efF8f] g}
5}g, sxfFaf6 pTkfbg ug]{ < clxn;Dd
;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL v'lkmof
of]hgfaf6 kl/rflnt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
sfFu|];–Pdfn]x¿ zflGt;Demf}tf /
cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / efjgfaf6
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kl5 nv]6g\ rfxG5g\ .
;dfof]hg ug{'kg]{ ;]gfsf] ;+Vof
b'O{÷rf/ xhf/ eg]/ tf]Sg nufpg]
pgLx¿sf] dg;fo xf] . cem Toltdf
dfq ;Gt'i6 geO{ pgLx¿sf] efiffdf
;dfof] h g t/ ug{ rflxF ;] g f
k'ln;nufotsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df
5ftL gfk]/ gofF ul/g] egf{ eg]/ a'‰g]
/ JofVof, ljZn]if0f ug]{ Pj+ e|d
l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
dfcf] j fbLn] pgs} cg' ; f/
tf]lslbPsfx¿df klg egf{sf] k'/fgf]
dfkb08 gk'u]sfnfO{ lkmtf{ u/]/
afFsLnfO{ ;]gf / k'ln;sf x/]s
o'lg6df Psb'O{hgfsf b/n] 5g{
rfxG5g\ / ;du|df hgd'lSt ;]gfn]
ljutsf ;fdGtL lg/ª\s'ztflj?4
lgd{ d 9Ën] n8] s f] abnf lng
rflx/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f lbgsf]
3fdem}F 5n{ª g} 5 .
afx| a'Fb] ;dembf/L / lj:t[t
zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{] xf]
/ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg]
xf] eg] a/fa/L x}l;otdf /fv]sf] zfxL
;] g f / hgd' l St ;] g fnfO{
zflGtk|lqmofdf of]rflxF a9L dxTjk"0f{
/ of]rflxF sd dxTjk"0f{ elg/xg' kg]{
s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . cem ;]gf
;dfof]hg lagf t zflGtk|lqmof l;Ë}
w/fkdf k5{ / olb s;}n] To:tf] ;f]R5
g]kfndf Pp6f dfq s[lif SofDk; 5 .
s[lif ljZjljBfno t k/} hfcf]; .
g]kfndf sIff g;{/Lb]lv Kn; 6' ;Dd
s[lif lzIffsf] cg'xf/ t k/} hfcf];
uGw;d]t kfpFg ufx|f] 5 . g]kfnsf] of]
cj:yfleq bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg x'g
;S5 t < ha ls g]kfndf k|To]s
lhNnfdf s[lif SofDk; ePklg Tof]
cfjZos 7flgg] cj:yf 5 . lzIffdf
klg tn}bl] v s[lif lzIff clgjfo{ ljifo
agfpg h?/L 5 . o;f] eof] eg] dfq}
o;sf] ul/df / dxTj a9]/ hfG5 .
oL ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvsi6 /
cK7\of/fx¿;Fu h'Wb} ldlxg]t u/]/
ls;fgx¿n] s[lif pTkfbg u/]tfklg
/fd|f] ahf/ Joj:yf gx'Fbf pgLx¿n]
pTkfbg u/]sf ;j} a:t'x¿ s'lxP/
^ dlxgfdf *! dhb'/ d¥o b"tfjf; dn]l;of
SjfnfnDk'/ . uPsf] hgj/L
dlxgf b]lv h'g dlxgf ;Dd *!
hgf dhb'/x¿n] lelaGg sf/0f
d[To'j/0f u/]sf] tTYof+v b'tfjf;
dn]l;ofn] ;fa{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
b'tfjf; 4f/f ;fa{hlgs ul/Psf]
@)!) hgj/L dlxgf b]lv h'g ;Dd
^ dlxgfsf] tTYof+vdf, sfd ug{]
qmdf b'36{gfdf d[To'j/0f ug{s
] f] ;+Vof
%, ;8s b' 3 6{ g fdf d[ T o' j /0f
ug{x] ¿sf] ;+Vof (, lb3{/f]usf sf/0f
d[To'j/0fsf] ;+Vof !, cfTdfxTof
ug{]x¿sf] ;+Vof & / cGosf/0f
d[To'j/0f ug{]sf] ;+Vof $% /x]sf]
5 . of] tTYof+v ut jif{ @))( sf]
hgj/L b]lv h'g ;Ddsf] tTYof+vnfO{
t' n gf ubf{ cftdfxTof ug{ ] s f]
;+ V ofdf a[ 4 L ePsf] 5, /f] 8
b'36{gfdf eg] sld cfPsf] 5 . cGo
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
w"dk| fg gu/f}+ .
eg] klg Tof] /fi6«3ftL Pj+ b]znfO{
c;kmn agfpg] sbdafx]s s]xL x'g]
5}g . To;}n] ;]gf ;dfof]hg lglj{sNk
cË xf] b]zsf] . t/ ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf]
df] 8 fln6LnfO{ ljb] z L of] h gf /
Psb'O{hgfsf] ;gssf] e/df eGbf
klg hgd'lSt ;]gfsf] JolStut wf/0ff
tyf b] z sf] cfjZostf /
ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfOg'k5{ .
of] ljifo s;}n] km'–dGt/ ug]{ lalQs}
;dfwfg eOxfNg] ljifo klg xf]Og .
o;sf] nflu :6\ofG8;{ gD;{ agfpg'
kg]{ x'G5 h'g gofF egf{sf] :6\ofG8;{
gD;{ xf]Og ;dfof]hgsf nflu 5'§}
6\ofG8;{ gD;{sf] lgdf{0f ug{k' 5{ . ToxL
gD;{sf] cfwf/df c:yfoL SofDkx¿df
uP/ hgd'lSt ;]gfsf JolStut
OR5fx¿sf] pTvgg\ x'g h?/L 5 .
;dfof]hg x'g rfxg] Kofs]hcGtu{t
/x]/ k'g:yf{kgf x'g rfxg]x¿, 3fOt],
ckfË tyf zf/Ll/s¿kdf
czStx¿sf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f u/]/
;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf hfg' Jojxfl/s
/ k| e fjsf/L x' g hfG5 . cem
;]gfleqsf] sdf08 / sG6«fn ] nfO{ r':t
b'?:t /fVg ;a} ;'/Iff cËx¿af6
;dfj]zL ¿kdf /fHosf] 5'§} ;'/Iff
an of ;'/Iff lgsfo agfpg] xf] eg]
;dfof]hgsf hl6ntfx¿nfO{ oyfzSo
lhDd]jf/L 9Ën] k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 .
olb ;Qfsf] nflu ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf]
xnf] c8\sfP/ uf]? r'6\g] sfd dfq}
ul/G5 eg] h'g;'s} g]tT[ jsf] ax'dtLo
;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f eP klg g t gofF
;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej 5 g /fHosf]
k'g;{/+ rgf ug{;lsG5 .
hfG5g\ . cfk|mgf] ;Dk"0f{ nufgL 8'Abf
ls;fgx¿ k'/} lg/fz x'G5g\ . wf}–wf}
ahf/ kfOxfn] eg] klg sfnf
ahf/Lofx¿sf] df/df g] k fnL
ls;fgx¿ 7lub} / dsf{ v ] K b}
cfO/x] s f 5g\ . of] cj:yfaf6
ls;fgnfO{ kf/ nufpg] lhDdf eg]sf]
/fHosf] / ;/sf/sf] xf] . ca aGg]
gofF ;+ljwfgdf sfnfahf/Lof, t:s/L
/ 3';vf]/Lx¿ nfO{ /f]Sg] ;+ljwfg
aGg'k5{ . ls;fgnfO{ pTkfbgdf
k|fT] ;fxg ug],{ pTkflbt j:t' plrt
d'Nodf ;/sf/n] vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf
x'g h?/L 5 . ca aGg] gofF ;/sf/n]
g]kfnL ls;fgnfO{ ;j} If]qaf6 d'Qm
u/L :jtGqtfk"js { cfk|mgf] k]zfdf
nfUg] jftfj/0f agfpg'kb{5 .
sf/0f d[To'j/0f ug{]x¿sf] ;+Vofdf
efl/ a4L cfPsf] tTYof+vn] b]vfPsf]
5 . ;fa{hlgs tTYof+vsf dlxgfdf
;a} eGbf w]/} dhb'/n] d[To'j/0f
u/]sf] dlxgfsf] pRr ;'lrdf dfr{
dlxgf /x]sf] 5 eg] sd d[To'j/0f
ug{] dlxgfsf] ;'lrdf d] dlxgf /x]sf]
5 . dfr{df !(, d]df * hgfn]
d[To'j/0f u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} hgj/Ldf
!#, km]a|c/Ldf !@, clk|ndf !% /
h'gdf !$ hgfn] d[To'j/0f u/]sf
5g\ . b'tfjf;sf] a}7s sf]7fdf
tTYof+vdf ;fa{hlgs ub{} /fhb't 8f=
lCifL/fh clesf/Ln] eGo ;8s
b'36{gfdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/
sld cfPsf] 5 / cfTdfxTof ug{x] ¿sf]
;+Vo Xjft} a8]sf] 5, Ps} dlxgfdf
$–% hgfn] cfTdfxTof u/]sf] xfldn]
kfPsf 5f} . – l8=aL ;+3if{
@)^& ;fn ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/
ljlrq ;+;f/
klqsfeGbf km];a's cufl8
gofF ;j{I] f0fsf cg';f/ c/ljog d'ns' df ;fdflhs ;~hfn ;fO6 km];a'ssf]
k|of]u ug]s{ f] ;+Vof kqklqsf k9\gx] ¿sf] eGbf a9L kfOPsf] 5 . ;j]I{ f0f
u/fpg] b'aO{sf] sDkgL :kf]6 cg klAns l/n];G;sf cg';f/ 8]9 s/f]8
dflg; km];a'ssf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . oxL c/aL, c+uh ]| L / k|mG] r efiffdf k|sfzg
x'g] s'n klqsf k9\gs ] f] ;+Vof !=$ s/f]8eGbf s]xL sd 5 . ;j]I{ f0fsf]
kl/0ffdaf6 nfU5 ls c/a d'ns ' x¿df OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs
x]nd]nnfO{ a9fpg ;xof]u ug{ j]e;fO6 nf]slk|o eO/x]sf 5g\ . :kf]6 cg
klAns l/n];G; sDkgLsf cg';f/ tYox¿n] :ki6 ub{5 ls c/a d'ns ' x¿df
hfgsf/L cfbfg–k|bfg / s'/fsfgL ug{] gofF tl/sf dg k/fOg yfn]sf] 5 .
ld>df #% nfv dflg; km];a's k|of]u ub{5g\ . h'g To; b]zsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
klqsfsf] laqmL ;+VofeGbf w]/} a9L xf] . slyt ¿kdf ?9LjfbL ljrf/wf/f
ckgfpg] ;fpbL c/adf klg km];a's k|d] sf] nx/ 5 . c/a d'ns ' df ld>kl5
;fpbL c/adf dfq} km];a'ssf] k|of]u ug]x{ ¿ ;a}eGbf a9L 5g\ . ;+oS' t c/a
Old/]6;\ sf Ps ltxfO{ hgtf km];a'ssf ;b:o 5g\ . ;j]I{ f0fsf] kl/0ffd
a'‰gsf nflu oL hfGg' cfjZos 5 ls c/a d'ns ' sf hgtfsf] 7"nf] lx:;f #)
s/f]8 o'jf 5g\, pgLx¿df OG6/g]6k|ltsf] ?rL a9\bf] 5 . o; If]qdf hxfF
/fhgLlts ljrf/ v'n/] JoSt ug{ sl7g 5 . ToxfF sof}F dflg; km];a'snfO{
:j]lR5s cleJolStsf] Pp6f ljsNksf ¿kdf x]l//x]sf 5g\ . Ph]G;L
v]nf8Lsf] ¥ofª\lsª ca lj1fgaf6
ljZjsk k'm6andf ;a}eGbf /fd|f] k|bz{g s'g v]nf8Lsf] 5, o; ljifodf
hlt dflg; 5g\ Toltg} /fo klg . t/, ca j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 zfob of]
lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5 ls s'g v]nf8L clt /fd|f x'g\ . cd]l/sfdf j}1flgsx¿n]
sDKo'6/sf] ;xof]udf Pp6f o:tf] k|ljlw ljsf; u/]sf 5g\, h;sf] dfWodaf6
v]nf8Lx¿sf] k|bz{gnfO{ ;xL cfFs8fsf] cfwf/df dfkg ug{ ;lsg]5 s;}sf]
JolStut /fosf] cfwf/df xf]Og . j}1flgsx¿n] u/]sf] of] vf]h klAns
nfOa|]/L ckm ;fOG;sf] hg{ndf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . w]/}h;f] v]ndf
v]nf8Lx¿sf] ¥ofª\lsª ug{ ;xh 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu uNkm / 6]lg;df
v]nf8Lx¿n] slt k};f sdfP eGg] cfwf/df ¥ofª\lsª to x'G5 . lqms]6 /
af:s]6 anh:tf v]ndf v]nf8Lsf] lghL cfFs8fsf] cfwf/df lg0f{o ug{
;lsG5 ls s'g v]nf8L ;a}eGbf /fd|f 5g\ . t/ k'm6andf s'g} v]nf8Lsf]
dfWodaf6 ul/Psf] uf]nafx]s zfob} s'g} o:tf] tl/sf 5}g, h;af6 s'g}
v]nf8Lsf] k|bz{gsf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsof];\ . cd]l/sfsf] gy{]:6g{
ljZjljBfnosf j}1flgsx¿n] sDKo'6/sf] ;xof]uaf6 Pp6f o:tf] k|0ffnL
tof/ u/]sf 5g\, h;sf] ;xof]uaf6 v]nf8Lsf] ;l6s cfFsng ug{ ;lsg]
ljZjf; pgLx¿sf] 5 . v]nsf qmddf ;fyL v]nf8LnfO{ uf]ndf kl/0ft x'g]
kf; lbg] cfwf/df l6dsf x/]s v]nf8Lsf] cfFsng ul/of] . hlt k6s
v]nf8Ln] kf; lbP Toltg} /fd|f] v]nf8Lsf] k|bz{g dflgg]5 . j}1flgsx¿n]
;g\ @))* sf] o'/f]lkog RoflDkog;Lkdf of] k|0ffnLsf] dfWodaf6 v]nf8Lsf]
k|bz{gsf] cfFsng ul/Psf] lyof] . v]n ;+jfbbftfx¿ / Dofg]h/x¿n] h'g
v]nf8LnfO{ ;a}eGbf /fd|f] eg]/ 5fg]sf lyP, j}1flgsx¿n] klg cfˆgf]
zf]wsf] cfwf/df ltg} v]nf8LnfO{ ;j{>i] 7 v]nf8L r'gs
] f lyP . of] k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug{ k|fWofks n'O{ cdf/nn] eg]– of] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/]/ v]nsf] x/]s
:t/df v]nf8Lx¿sf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} o;sf] ;xof]uaf6 l6dsf]
k|bz{gsf] eljiojf0fL;d]t ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fWofks Odf/nn] of] k|ljlwsf]
;xof]uaf6 klxnf] /fp08sf] v]n ;lsPkl5 s'g 6Ldn] o; k6ssf] ljZjsk
lhTg]5 To;sf] klg ;l6s eljiojf0fL ug{] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . Ph]G;L
hlt kmf]xf]/ df5f, Tolt /fd|f] z'qmf0f'
dflg;x¿aLr t cfsif{0f b]lvg] xf]8 g} rln/xG5 . t/, s] cfsif{0f
b]lvg' ;w}F nfebfos dfq x'g] ub{5 . sDtLdf df5fsf] dfldnfdf t o:tf]
x'bF g} . lsg xf]nf < uKkL k|hfltsf] pi0f sl6aGwLo dfqfx¿df ul/Psf] Pp6f
cWoogdf j}1flgsx¿n] g/ df5f hlt g/fd|f] b]lvG5, p;sf] z'qmf0f' Tolt g}
/fd|f] x'g] kQf nufPsf 5g\ . zf]waf6 /ËLg / cfsif{0f b]lvg] g/ df5f cfˆgf]
z'qmf0f'sf] u'0fjQfsf] d"Nodf ;'Gb/ b]lvg] u/]sf] tYo v'nf;f ePsf] 5 . of]
kl/0ffdsf] cfwf/df j}1flgsx¿n] g/ df5fsf] k|hfltsf] cfwf/df pgLx¿sf]
k|hgg Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg] lgisif{df k'us ] f 5g\ . cWoogsf] kl/0ffd
/f]on ;f];fO6L hg{ndf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . of] cWoog o'lgel;{6L ckm
j]:6g{ c:6«l] nofdf ;]G6/ km/ Oef]No'zg/L afof]nhLsf k|fWofks hf]gfyg
Oaf+;n] u/]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] …z'qmf0f' k|lt:kwf{ l;4fGtÚsf] kIfdf pgn] JofVof
ub}{ o;sf nflu pgn] sof}F g/ df5fx¿sf] dfWodaf6 ule{0fL df5fsf]
k|hggnfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf lyP . z'qmf0f'sf] u'0f / To;sf] t}l/g] ultsf]
cfwf/df s'g g/ df5faf6 s'g df5fsf] pTklQ ePsf] xf] eGg] cWoog
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|sf/sf] cWoogsf nflu uKkL k|hfltsf] df5f lgs}
pkof]uL x'g] ub{5 . uKkL k|hfltsf] df5fdf g/ df5f b'O{ k|sf/n] k|hgg
ub{5g\ . klxnf] dfp df5fnfO{ l/emfP/ / bf];f| ] r'krfk lagf ultljlw u/]/ .
k|fWofks Oaf+;n] eg], h'g g/ df5fn] r'krfk k|hgg sfo{;DkGg u/],
pgLx¿ x]bf{ t ;'Gb/ lyP t/ pgLx¿sf] z'qmf0f'df t}l/g] ult Tolt w]/} lyPg,
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t}l/g] ult ;':t lyof] . o; k|sf/n] ;'Gb/ g/ df5fsf] z'qmf0f'sf] u'0f To;sf]
t'ngfdf lgs} a9L lyof] h'g df5f x]bf{ a9L cfsif{0f lyP . Ph]G;L
pd]/;“u} a9\5 ;'Gb/tf
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a9L ;'Gb/ x'G5g\ . Ps ;j]s { f] kl/0ffdnfO{ ulx/f];uF cWoog ubf{ of] glthf
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/ cfTdljZjf;o'St 7fGb5g\ . Ps ;lkª Rofgn So'eL;Ln] @))) k'?if /
dlxnfdf ;j{] u/]/ s'g pd]/df dflg; cfˆgf] af/]df s'g k|sf/sf] efjgf
/fVb5g\ eGg] kQf nufpg] k|of; u/]sf] lyof] . ;j]a{ f6 #) jif{sf] pd]/
j/k/sf dlxnfx¿ o'jtLsf] t'ngfdf :jod\nfO{ a9L cfTdljZjf;L / :6fOln;
dfGg] u/]sf] kQf nfu]sf] xf] . #) jif{sf] pd]/sf dlxnfx¿ &) k|ltzt
cfTdljZjf;L, ^& k|ltzteGbf a9L ;'Gb/ / $& k|ltzt a9L :6fOln;
x'G5g\ . /, clwsf+z dlxnfx¿sf] ljrf/df h;/L pd]/ a9\5, To;/L g}
;'Gb/tf klg a9\b5 . o;sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f pd]/sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf]
cg'ej klg a9\b5 / ;fy} cfTdljZjf; klg j[l4 x'G5 . %! k|ltzt dlxnfn]
a9\bf] pd]/sf ;fy cfˆgf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ lnP/ sd ;z+lst x'g] u/]sf] :jLsf/
u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} pgLx¿df xLg efjgf klg sd x'G5 . pd]/ a9\b} hfFbf
pgLx¿df cfTdljZjf; a9\5 / pgLx¿ cfk"m :jodk|lt a9L g} cfZjf:t
x'G5g\ . o; ;j]; { uF ;DalGwt ;'g:] ;gsf cg';f/ zf]waf6 ;'Gtb/tf dfq
zf/Ll/s x'bF g} . o;n] a9L dxTj /fVb}g ls tkfO{ s:tf] b]lvg' x'G5 < t/
o;n] lgs} dxTj /fV5 ls tkfO{+ slt cfTdljZjf;L x'gx' G' 5 < o;sf ;fy} of]
klg dxTjk"0f{5 ls tkfO{s + f] JolStTj / tkfO{s + f] :6fOlnª klg . –Ph]G;L
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nlu/x]sf] 5 . l;4fGtsf] k|Zg uf}0f
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lgdf{0f / l;h{gfsf] af6f]af6 xf]Og,
gf/fafhLsf] /fhgLltsf] af6f]af6
lxFl8/x]sf] 5 . of] nf]stGqsf] xf]Og,
;fdGtjfbsf] b]g xf] . cfh d'n'sdf
hflt, efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] k|ZgnfO{
p7fP/ …ax'/fi6« lgdf{0fÚ sf] h'g
lrGtg k|0ffnL xfjL eO/x]sf] 5,
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;fDk| b flostfsf] lk5l8Psf]
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xfd|f] /fi6«jfbL lrGtg k|0ffnLsf] b]g
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cw{cf}klgj]lzs dfgl;s u'nfdLsf]
lrGtgut b]g xf] . cJoj:yf xfd|f]
d'n'ssf] ;+:s[lt alg;s]sf] 5 .
b]zelStsf] efjgf z"Gotflt/ /
hftLo elStsf] efjgf pTsif{
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;+ ; b\ , ;+ l jwfg;ef dfq xf] O g,
Gofokflnsf;d]t e|i6fr/0faf6 d'St
g/x]sf] cj:yfdf hgcfGbf]ng /
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nf] s sNof0fsf/L /fHo k| b " l ift
/fhgLltn] vfnL :jKgsf ¿kdf dfq
pEofpFb} nlu/x]sf] 5 . nf]stflGqs
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sxfnLnfUbf] 9Ën] ck/fwLs/0fsf]
lbzfdf uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf b]zsf]
k'ln; k|zf;g / gful/s k|zf;gsf]
e"ldsf s] 5– To;sf] ;dLIff ug]{
clwsf/ ePsf hgtfsf] kx'r F k'Ug]
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lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwljxLg cj:yfdf
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;fgf] xfFs xf]Og . /fi6«sf ;fd'df
pkl:yt oL uxg ;d:of / ;+s6sf
ljifodf ;+;b\ / ;+ljwfg;efdf
lrGtg gx'g' / hgcfGbf]ngsf/L
bnx¿sf aLrdf /fli6«o Pstf /
cv08tfsf dxTjk"{\0f k|Zgdf ;d]t
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wd{, efiff / ;+:s[ltsf d'2f p7fP/
;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] /fli6«o Pstf /
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s' / f pklgj] z sfnLg ef/tsf]
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c+u]|hx¿n] cNk;+Vos hflt, wd{ /
ax';+Vossf] hflt, wd{sf] gf/f
p7fP . pgLx¿n] O:nfdx¿nfO{
cNk;+Vos atfP/ dn xfNg yfn] .
ef/tLo /fli6«o sfFu; ]| lxGb'x¿sf] dfq
kf6L{ eg] / Jofks k| r f/ u/] .
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lnusf] :yfkgf eof] . o;kZrft\
c+u|]hx¿ ef/tLo ;dfhnfO{ lxGb' /
d'';ndfg b'O{ cGt/ wfld{s s6'
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;kmn eP . of] if8\oGqnfO{ dxfTdf
ufGwLn] /fd|/L a'em]sf lyP . To;}n]
pgn] l;Ëf] cfo{ ef/tdf Pstfa4
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df c+u|]hx¿n] nufPsf] d'l:nd
cNk;+Vosjfbsf] t'li6s/0fsf] gf/f
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df ef/t:jtGq t eof] t/ …ef/t–
kfls:tfgÚ vl08t ¿kdf . To;f] t
cfh g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt hfltjfbsf]
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b'ef{Uo xf] . cfhsf] hftLo /fhgLltsf]
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k'g;{/+ rgf ug{ yfNg] xf] eg] To;sf]
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lyP …Pscsf{nfO{ n8fP/, dte]b k}bf
u/fP/ xfdLn] cfˆgf] ;Qf sfod /fVg
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cf} k lgj] l zs / cw{ c f} k lgj] l zs
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ulx/f] ;+s6df km:bf klg /fli6«o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug{ g;Sg]
ljz] i ftM Pdfn] , dfcf] j fbL /
sfFu;]| h:tf 7"nf / b]zsf] /fhgLltsf]
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g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cl:dtfsf] ;Gbe{df
s] dfGotf 5– k|Zg p7]sf] 5 . o;/L
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gePsf], ;fdflhs Pstfsf tGt'x¿
sdhf]/ ePsf] / /fli6«o :jfwLgtf
g} vt/fdf kg{ yfn]sf] Pp6f ;+uLg
38Ldf k| w fgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf
lbg'eGbf klxn] zflGt, ;+ljwfg /
;xdltsf] Pp6f /fli6«o ;/sf/sf
k|Zgdf ;j{bnLo ;xdlt sfod
x' g kb{ Y of] t/ To;f] geOsg
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kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbP . h;n] ubf{
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l;h{ g f eof] . dfcf] j fbLn]
k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdfn] b]zsf]
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t/ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ gag]/ d'n's
ax'dtLo ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] lbzflt/
cufl8 a9]sf] kl/b[Zodf ax'dtsf]
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/ zflGt :yfkgf ug{ ;Sb}g eGg]
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Pp6f e|fds k|rf/ xf] .
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kl/l:yltdf dfq Jojxfl/s
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t/ klg ;/sf/ u7gsf ;Gbe{df
kl/l:ylthGo ;dembf/L dfq xf] .
cGoyf ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf lgjf{rgdf
:ki6 ax'dt NofPsf] bnn] ;/sf/
u7g ug]{ xf] . olb s'g} klg bnn]
:ki6 ax'dt Nofpg ;s]gg\ eg]
;+;b\df cGo bnsf] ;+:yfdf h;n]
ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 . ToxL bnn]
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;+;bLo k/Dk/f, k|lqmof / ;+:s[lt g}
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ax'dtLo k|lqmofdf ;/sf/sf] u7g
x'g' Pp6f nf]stflGqs ljlw xf] .
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afx]s klZrdf ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf
ax'dtLo k|0ffnL g} pQd dflgG5 .
;zSt k|ltkIfsf] pkl:ylt /x]g eg]
klZrdf ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfdf
nf]stGqsf] cEof; ePs} gdfGg]
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jt{dfg kl/j]zsf] ;Gbe{df ax'dtLo
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zlStx¿sf] ;j{bnLo jf ;j{kIfLo
;xdlt / Pstf tyf k|dv ' k|ltkIfsf]
l;h{gfzLn va/bf/L / k|lt/f]w
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h?/L 5 . cGoyf oxL /fhgLlt
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k|ltudgnfO{ 6fpsf] p7fpg] cj;/
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csf]{lt/ ;fd|fHojfbL zlStx¿nfO{
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z'e;+st] xf]Og . d'ns' nfO{ ;sf/fTds
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zflGtk|lqmofdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . To;/L
g} xfdLn] cfhsf] 38Ldf Oltxf;n]
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u0ftGq / ;+ l jwfg;ef kIfw/
bnx¿df ;xdlt sfod ePdf dfq
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/ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
/fli6«otfsf] /Iff / zflGt k|lqmofnfO{
Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|Zgdf ;+ljwfg;ef
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;+ l jwfg;efsf] r' g fjkZrft\
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lyof] . Tof] ;/sf/ k|ltkIfdf /x]sf
bnx¿sf] c;xof]usf sf/0fn] xf]Og
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cGt/lj/f] w dfq xf] O g ;Qf?9
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5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{ klg :s'n k9\g k7fcf}+
lyof] . To;sf/0f ;j{bnLo /fli6«o
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cj:yfdf klg u0ftGq / ;+ljwfg;ef
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eljio lge{/ 5 . ;+qmd0fsfndf
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x'g g;Sbf ;g\ !&(# df /fhfsf]
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dfq geO{ cGt/f{li6«o :j¿ksf] klg
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Oltxf;d} klxnf] k6s ;+;b\n] b'O{ k6s;Dd k|wfgdGqL r'Gg g;s]/ t];|f]
r/0fsf] r'gfjdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . cfudL !& ut] x'g] k|wfgdGqLsf] k'gM
lgjf{rgdf klg s;}n] ax'dt k'¥ofpg ;s]g eg] km]l/ csf]{ r'gfjdf hfg'sf]
ljsNk /xg] 5}g . ax'dt gk'u];Dd r'gfjL k|lqmof hf/L g} /xG5 . ;+;bLo
Joj:yfdf ax'dtLo /fhgLltsf] u7hf]8 o:t} x'G5 . o;} eP/ g} ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ kmf]xf]/L v]n elgPsf] x'gk' 5{ . d'ns
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/ ;xsfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ g} xf] . t/, ;xdlt–;xdlt
eg]/ slxNo} gyfSg] g]tfx¿n] Jojxf/df To:tf] slxNo} bnsf pDd]bjf/
emngfy vgfn sl/a–sl/a b'O{ ltxfO{ dt k'Ubf;d]t cfˆg} kf6L{sf ljkIfLsf]
sf/0f k|wfgdGqL aGg] ;'cj;/af6 aflxl/Psf 5g\ . cGo b'O{ bn PsLs[t
dfcf]jfbLsf pDd]bjf/ cWoIf k|r08 / sfFu|];sf pDd]bjf/ ;+;bLo bnsf
g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8\ofn eg] k|wfgdGqL kbsf] nflu nl8/x]sf 5g\ . s;}sf]
kIfdf :ki6 ax'dt gcfP;Dd r'gfjL k|lqmof /f]lsg] 5}g .
cfufdL !& ut] x'g] t];f| ] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf klg t6:y a:g] lg0f{o
Pdfn]n] ul/;s]sf] 5 . clxn] lg0ff{os zlQmsf] ¿kdf /x]sf elgPsf
dw];jfbL bnx¿n] ;Qf r9\g] e¥ofªsf] ¿kdf slyt cjwf/0ffkq aflx/
NofPsf 5g\ . pQm cjwf/0ffkq sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpg] bnnfO{
;dy{g ug]{ atfPsf dw];jfbL bnx¿n] cjwf/0ffkqnfO{ ;Qf r9\g] e¥ofª
dfq agfPsf]df s;}nfO{ z+sf /xg' x'Fb}g . af/Daf/ ;Qf aflx/ x'Fbf ;Qf
pSng] e¥ofªsf] ¿kdf slyt dw];sf] d'2f p7fP/ pQm d'2f sbflk
;Daf]wg u/fpg gnfUg] k'/fgf] /f]u pgLx¿df oyfjt\ g} 5 . dw];L hgtfnfO{
e|dsf] v]tL u/]/ ;Qfdf 6fFl;/xg] t/ dw];Lsf] d'2f slxNo} ;Daf]wg gug]{
pgLx¿sf] k'/fgf] afgLnfO{ a'‰g ca dw];L hgtfn] l9nf ug'{ x'Gg . dw];L
bnx¿ ;fFlRrs} dw];L hgtfsf] xsclwsf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ rfxG5g\ eg]
dw];sf] d'2fdf ;a}eGbf glhs /x]sf] kf6L{ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu
sfo{ut Pstf u/]/ p;s} g]t[TjnfO{ ;dy{g ug{ dw];L bn r'Sg' x'Gg .
g]kfnL sfFu|];n] nfdf] ;dob]lv dw];sf] d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf]
oyfy{tfnfO{ dw];L bnx¿n] sbflk e'Ng' x'Gg . sfFu; ]| sf] g]tT[ jaf6 dw];sf]
d'2f ;Daf]wg x'g ;Dej 5}g . dw];L bnx¿dfly af/Daf/ ef/tLo ;+:yfkg
kIfsf] k|efj /x]sf] s'/f aflx/ cfO/x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ ef/tLo zf;saf6
lgb]{lzt 5g\ eGg] s'/f klg aflx/ gcfPsf] eg] xf]Og . o:tf] cf/f]knfO{
lrg{ dw];jfbL bnx¿sf] ;+o'Qm dw];L df]rf{ r'Sg' x'Gg . To;sf] nflu
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf k|wfgdGqL pDd]bjf/ k|r08sf] kIfdf dt
lbP/ dw];sf] d'2f ;Daf]wg u/fpg] ;'cj;/nfO{ u'Dg glbcf}F .
;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn dfcf]jfbL / dw];L df]rf{sf] u7aGwgdf aGg] ;/sf/n]
dfq cGo bnnfO{ ;d]t ;xdltdf NofP/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ;S5 . dw];jfbL bnn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{
u/]/ ljutdf b]lvPsf] ;Qf;dLs/0fsf] dw];jfbL bnk|ltsf] glh/;d]t
tf]8g\ ;Sg'k5{ . ;+ljwfg n]vgsf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{;d]t dfcf]jfbLsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ x'g' h?/L 5 . clxn] s'g} klg bn k|ltkIfdf a:g'eGbf
klg ;xdltsf] cfwf/df zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg r'Sg'x'Gg .
;a}n] /fi6« / hgtfk|lt Odfgbf/ eP/ ;f]Rg] xf] eg] d'n'sn] l5§} lgsf;
kfpg ;S5 . ;do 5Fb} o;tkm{ ;a} bnsf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 .
panta_sagar@yahoo.com
km];a'sn] %) s/f]8 kf/ u¥of]
;fdflhs ;~hfn j] e ;fO6 al9/x]sf] 5 / crfgs Pscsf{nfO{
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k'us ] f] 5 . ;g\ @))$ df ;'? ePsf] nfu] . dfON;sf cg';f/ km];a'sn]
of] j]e;fO6n] ut ^ dlxgfdf !) %) b]lv &% s/f]8;Dd k'Ug w]/} ;do
s/f]8 gofF ;b:o ylkPsf 5g\ . nfUg] 5}g . hfgsf/x¿sf cg';f/
km];a'sn] eg]sf] 5 ls o;n] of] km];a'sn] Ps lbg !)) s/f]8sf]
;+VofnfO{ Pp6f …dxTjk"0f{ d"Nosf] ;+ V of klg kf/ ug{ ] 5 . h;/L
kTy/ dfg]sf] 5 . / p;n] cfˆgf km];a'ssf] nf]slk|otf a9\bf]5 o;sf
;b:osf ls:;f;Fu ljgd| / k|]l/t k|ltåGåL n'Kt x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . Ps
dx;' ; ul//x] s f] hgfPsf] 5 . ;do ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ;+;f/df
6]Sgf]nhLsf Ps Anu …ks]6 ln6Ú 5fPsf] j]e;fO6 dfO:k]; ca dfq
sf :6'c6{dfON;sf cg';f/ cfhef]ln ^ s/f]8 %) nfv ;b:odf ;Lldt
w]/} dflg; OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u ul//x]sf ag]sf] 5 . Pp6f csf]{ k|ltåGåL a]af]n]
5g\ / pgLx¿ cfˆgf ldqx¿nfO{ klg lgs} sl7gfO{sf] ;fdgf ug{' k/]sf]
hfgsf/L afF8\g rfxG5g\ . :6'c6{ 5 . km];a'ssf] cnfjf 6\jL6/ g} bf];f| ]
eG5– km];a'ssf] ;'?jft ;fdfGo lyof]
t/ lj:tf/} lj:tf/} o;sf] nf]slk|otf
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sf7df8f}Fsf] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ zld{nf 7s'/L
;+ux| fnodf /flvPsf] :juL{o /fgL P]Zjo{n] cfgGb cfpF5 xf]nf xlu <Æ pgL eGb}
nufPsf] xf/ b]vfpFb} crDd dfGb} lyOg\ lyP– æo:tf a}7s sf]7fx¿, /fhfn]
sf7df8f}F d"nkfgLsL pld{nf dNn . ;f] k|of]u ug{ l;+xf;gnufotsf j:t'x¿
;u|xfno x]g{ klxnf] k6s k'us ] L pld{nfn] syfdf j0f{g ul/Psf / c? s;}n]
ToxfF /flvPsf cGo ;u|lxt j:t'eGbf eg]sf] dfq ;'GGf kfPsf] lyPF, cfh cfˆg}
Tof] xL/fsf] xf/ k6s–k6s cfˆgf cfFvfn] b]Vg kfpFbf g]kfnL /fh;+:yfsf
>Ldfg\nfO{ klg b]vfpFb} lyOg\ . ;u|xfnodf
/x]sf j:t'x¿sf] cjnf]sg cjlwe/
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pgsf cfFvf k|foM k"j/{ fgL, dxf/fgLsf Nofpg ;+3if{ u/]sf dxfg\ ;lxbx¿nfO{
u/uxgf / nQfsk8fd} tflgPsf b]lvGy] . ;Dem] / eg] …wGo tL ;lxbx¿nfO{ h;n]
cjnf]sgkl5 pgn] elgg\– æslt /fd|f nf]stGq Nofpg olQ w]/} ;+3if{ u/],
u/uxgf nufpFbf /x]5g\ /fgLdxf/fgLx¿, pgLx¿sf] Tof] Tofusf sf/0f xfdLn]
d}n] t o:tf rLh slxNo} b]vs ] L klg ;kgfdf klg b]Vg gkfpg] oL j:t'x¿
lyOg . o;/L ;u|xfnodf ;u|lxt g]kfnsf ;a} ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'r F df
gul/Psf] eP xfdLn] o:tf ax'dN" o cfPsf 5g\ . kvf{n glhsaf6 klg
j:t'x¿ slxNo} b]Vg kfpGg lyof}F xf]nf .Ú lxF8g\ gkfOg] /fhfsf] b/af/df cfh
;f] ;u|xfno cjnf] s gsf nflu lgw{Ss;Fu lxF88'n / cjnf]sg ug{
cfpg]dWo] k|foM ;a} dlxnfx¿sf] cfFvf kfOPsf] 5 .Ú gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/df
/fgL, dxf/fgLsf u/uxgf / a:g] k"j/{ fhf/fgL;Fu ;DalGwt dxTjk"0f{
nQfsk8fdf hfg] ubf{/] x]5 . o:tf j:t' j:t'x¿ /flvPsf] ;f] ;+ux| fno tTsfnLg
b]v/] pgLx¿ dVv x'G5g\, /dfOnf] klg k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ n]
dfG5g\ . To;f] eP ;u| x fno kmfu'g !% ut] ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu
cjnf]sgdf hfg] k'?ifsf cfFvf s]df v'Nnf ug{e' Psf] lyof] . To;cl3 ;f]xL
hfG5 xf]nf t < ;a}sf] cg'dfgh:t}
:jefljs}¿kdf k'?ifsf cfFvf klg
jif{ c;f/ ! ut] tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ;f] ;+ux| fnosf]
k"j/{ fhf dxf/fhfx¿sf l;+xf;gdf hfg] pb\3f6g ug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]
ub{5g\ . ;u|xfnodf cfpg] k'?ifsf ;+ux| fnodf k"j/{ fhf/fgLsf] zogsIf
cfFvf klxnf /fhfsf] >Lk]r / l;+xf;gdf ;d]t u/L hDdf @) j6f a}7s sf]7f
hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;u|xfnosf] uf]/vf k|bz{gsf nflu v'nf ul/Psf] 5 .
a}7sl:yt l;+xf;g / /fhfn] nufpg] uf}/Lzªs/afx]s ;Dk"0f{ a}7s sf]7fsf]
u/]sf >Lk]rn] g]kfnL dfq xf]Og, ljb]zL gfd g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfsf] gfdaf6
bz{gsf klg cfFvf lgs} tfGg] u/]sf gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . DofUbL, kj{t,
5g\ . ;u|xfno cjnf]sg ul/;s]kl5 sf:sL, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, b}nv ] , a}t8L,
g'jfsf]6sf cRo't nf]xgL cfˆgf cg'ej c5fdh:tf lhNnfsf gfdsf a}7s
;fyL;Fu o;/L kf]Vb}lyP– æslt /fd|f] sf]7fx¿df k"j{/fhfx¿n] ljb]zL
l;+xf;g, Ps k6s ToxfF a:g kfP s:tf] kfx'gfx¿nfO{ :jfut ;Tsf/ ug{ /
g]kfndf dlxnf a]rlavg Ps ;d:of
zf]ef e08/L vfg], /fd|f] nufpg] rfxgf, cf/fdbflos
b'jO{ dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf;;Fu} gf/L hLjg latfpg] /x/, ljjfxsf] e'm7f]
/ k'?ifnfO{ plQs} dxTj lbP tfklg of] k|nf]eg / /f]huf/Lsf] cfZjf;g lbnfP/
s'/f Jojxf/df eg] nfu" ePsf] 5}g . em'SofO{, kmsfO{, k'mSofO{ g]kfnL
elgG5 gf/L / k'?if Ps csf{df kl/k"/s r]nLj]6Lx¿nfO{ ef/t nufot ljleGg
x'g\ . oL Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'Ok{ f6f x'g\ jf 7fpFx¿df vf]lnPsf j]Zofnox¿df /
egf}F Pp6} /ysf b'O{ kfªu|fx¿ x'G. olb sf]7Lx¿df a]lrlbG5g\ . hxfF pgLx¿sf]
oL b'Od{ Wo] Ps geP hLjgsf] /y rNg OHhtnfO{ lbg/ft n'6\g'sf] ;fy}
;Sb}g . t/, oxL ;dfhdf k'?ifeGbf pgLx¿sf] z/L/dfly pgLx¿sf] s'g}
gf/Lx¿ x/]stkm{ rfx] lzIff xf];\ jf clwsf/ g/xL lsGg]sf] Ozf/fdf rNg'kg]{
:jf:Yo, rfx] /f]huf/L xf];\ jf k];f ;a} afWotf, ljjztf / gf/sLo hLjgdf
7fpFdf k5fl8 kg]{ / zf]lift eO/xg' k/]sf] lhpFbf] nfz;l/ afRg' k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn
xfdL kfpF5f}F . g]kfnL gf/Lx¿ ;fg}bl] v / g]kfnL ;dfhdf r]nLj]6L j]rljvg
;dfhsf] s';:+ sf/, s'/Llt, cGwk/Dk/f t:s/L / b]xJofkf/ ug]{ k|yf /fli6«o
/ ;+sL0f{ ljrf/n] egf}F jf ;fdflhs ;d:of ag]sf] 5 eg] dlxnfx¿ bnfnsf]
ljjztf, afWotfn] ubf{ egf}F x/]s gf/Ln] lzsf/ eO{ ljb]zdf a]lrg' h3Go
cfˆgf] OR5f / cfsf+IffnfO{ ltnf~hnL ck/fw ag]sf] 5 . h;n] ;do;Fu} emg\–
lbg'kg]{ x'G5, h;n] gf/Lx¿sf] :jtGq emg\ eoÍ/ ¿k wf/0f ub}{ uO/x]sf] 5 .
OR5f / cfsfFIffnfO{ bafO{ pgLx¿nfO{ o;/L r]nLj]6L j]rljvg lbgfg'lbg
k|tfl8t ul//x]sf] x'G5 . x/]s o'udf 8/nfUbf] / eofgs x'bF } uPsf] 5, h;n]
gf/Lx¿nfO{ k'?ifx¿n] cfˆgf] d'lg /fVg] xfd|f] ;dfh, /fi6« / :jod\ xfdLnfO{ klg
u/]sf 5g\, g t of] rng s;}n] /f]Sg] g} g/fd|f] k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . o;/L ljb]zL
k|of; u/]sf] 5 . s] oxL xf] gf/Lsf] d'ns ' df a]lrPsf r]nLx¿dfly ul/g]
kl/ro < h;nfO{ s;}n] klg ;lhn} df]n dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s zf]if0faf6 u|:t
nufOlbG5 . cfhsf] h:tf] j}1flgs o'u, x'gs' f ;fy} g]kfnL r]nLx¿ P8\;h:tf]
hxfF gf/Lx¿ klg rGb|dfdf k'uL ;s], k|f0f3fts /f]usf] lzsf/ eO{ :jb]z
hxfF gf/Lx¿ ;u/dfyfsf] lzv/df kfOnf kms{g / d'To'nfO{ kv{g aWo ePsf 5g\,
6]sL ;s] oxL o'udf ljZjsf sltko h;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pgLx¿ ;dfh /
;d:ofx¿dWo] r]nLa]6L a]rlavg Pp6f 3/kl/jf/af6 alxis[t x'gs ' f] ;fy}
uDeL/ ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . h'g ck/fw ;dfhdf 3[l0ft / sn+lst ePsf 5g\
xfd|f] /fi6«, ;dfh / d'ns ' df x'bF } cfO/x]sf] h;n] lbg k|ltlbg emg\–emg\ 8/nfUbf]
5 . dlxnf ju{dfly x'g] / ul/g] of] ¿k lnO{ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf vt/f /
cGofo, cTofrf/ / bdg xfd|f] b]zdf ;d:of a9fO/x]sf] 5 . ;a}n] a'em]sf]
dfq ;Lldt geO{ b]zsf cGo d'ns ' x¿df s'/f xf] ls s'g} klg ;d:of cfkm}nF ] l;h{gf
klg x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . r]nLa]6L x'g] xf]OG. ;d:of ;doqmddf l;h{gf
a]rljvgsf cltl/St / j]Zofj[lQnfO{ x'G5 . h;n] Ps JolSt, Ps ;dfhnfO{
Pp6f h3Go ck/fw dfGg] ul/G5 . o:tf] dfq geP/ l;Ëf] b]z / /fi6«nfO{ cfˆgf]
sfd u/] jfkt ljleGg ;hfo, b08, e'd/Lsf] hfndf km;fpF5 . xfd|f] b]zdf
lbOg] u/]sf] klg 5 . tfklg o:tf] ljs[lt r]nLj]6L a]rljvg Pp6f ck/fw eP
j[l4 x'gs ' f] d'Vo sf/0f ul/aL, r]tgfsf] klg o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;s]sf] 5}g . h;n]
sdL, clzIff, s';:+ sf/, s'/Llt, ?l9jfbL xfd|f] ;dfh, /fi6« / :jod xfdLdfly
/ cGwk/Dk/f x'g\ . h;n] r]nLj]6L klg g/fd|f] k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . h'g
j]rljvg sfo{nfO{ cem a9fjf lbO/x]sf] g]kfndf dfq ;Lldt eP/ cGt/fli6«o
5 . xfd|f] b]z clwsf+z u|fdL0f e"–efun] ¿kdf Pp6f 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf km}lnFb}
cf]u6]sf] 5 . To;}n] oxfF a9L¿kdf uO/x]sf] 5 . d'Votof r]nLj]6L a]rljvg
dflg;x¿ clzIff / ul/aLsf] rk]6fdf gf/Lju{sf] cl:tTj / hLjgdfly
k/]sf 5g\ . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ dflg;x¿ k'?ifju{n] dfq geO{ gf/Lx¿n] klg
cfˆgf] a]/f]huf/L / cfly{s l:yltnfO{ v]naf8 ug]{ ub{5g\ . h'g bnfnx¿sf]
;'wfg{' ;kgf af]sL x/]s jif{ ufpFaf6 nflu Pp6f k];fut Jofkf/ xf], h;df
;x/lt/ xhf/f}s F f] ;+Vofdf dflg;x¿ s'g} klg nufgLlagf g} d'gfkmf cfh{g
cfpg] ub{5g\ . o;} qmddf ufpFsf ug{ ;lsG5 . gf/Lx¿nfO{ s'g} ahf/df
l;wf;fwf / ;f]emf aflnsfx¿nfO{ / ul/a a]Rg /fv]sf] v]nf}gf jf kz'em}F a]rlavg
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljb]z 3'dfpg] ;kgf, ld7f] ug{ cfˆgf] :jfy{ / kmfObfsf] nflu
pgLx¿nfO{ zog u/fpg k|of]u ug{]
ub{y] . aL;j6f a}7s sf]7fx¿dWo]
uf]/vf a}7s sIfsf] k|of]u eg]
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ubf{, o'j/fhflw/fhsf] pd]/ k'us ] f] 3f]if0ff
ubf{ k|of]u ul/GYof] eg] lj=;+= @)$&
;fnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ /fhf jL/]Gb|n]
oxL a}7s sf]7f k|of]u u/]sf lyP . o;
sf]7df /fhfn] ljz]if cj;/df k|of]u
ul/g] l;+xf;g /flvPsf] 5 .
l;+xf;gsf] nDafO 5 lkm6, rf}8fO
rf/ lkm6 / prfO cf7 lkm6 /x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L sf:sL a}7sdf ljutdf
g]kfnsf] /fhsLo e|d0fdf cfPsf
ldq/fi6«sf /fi6«fWoIfx¿sf] :jfut,
k|wfgdGqL / k|wfgGofofwLzsf] ;kyu|x0f
;df/f]x / /fhb"tx¿n] cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf]
k|df0fkq r9fpg] ;df/f]xh:tf dxTjk"0f{
cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿ o; a}7s sIfdf
x'g] u/]sf lyP . To:t} ToxfF /x]sf] wgs'6f
a}7sdf /fhf/fgLsf] zogsIf / wg'iff
a}7sdf ljhof bzdLsf lbg 6Lsf u|x0f
ug{ ] ul/GYof] . ;f] ;+ u | x fnodf
/fhf/fgLx¿n] k|of]u ug{] u/]sf
nQfsk8fb]lv pgLx¿sf JolStut
pkef]usf j:t'x¿;d]t /flvPsf 5g\ .
ljb]zL ljlzi6 kfx'gfx¿sf] cfudgdf
nufpg] tyf b/af/leqsf klg ljleGg
;df/f]x / ef]hsf klx/g ToxfFsf ljif]z
cfsif{0f x'g\ . o:tf j:t'x¿k|lt ;f]
;+ux| fnodf k'Ug] ;a} bz{ssf Wofg tflgg]
u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;+ux| fno cjnf]sg ug{sf
nflu ljBfyL{nfO{ ?= @) ;j{;fwf/0f
g]kfnLnfO{ ?= !)) rLg / ;fs{/fi6«sf
gful/snfO{ ?= @%) / cGo b]zsf
gful/sx¿sf nflu ?= %)) l6s6
pgLx¿sf] lhGbuLsf] aln r9fpg' /
o;nfO{ gfkmf sdfpg] Joj;fo agfpg'df
d'Vo bnfnx¿sf] xft x'G5 . h'g bnfn
;dfhdf cfdgful/saLr Odfgbf/L /
lgikIftfsf] 3'D6f] cf]l9a;]sf x'G5 .
h;nfO{ ;f]emfl;wf, lgd'vf ul/a
dlxnfx¿n] lrGg ;Sb}gg\ . To;}u/L
b]xJofkf/ Joj;fonfO{ cl3 a9\g lbg'
bnfnx¿nfO{ yk cj;/ lbg'df cfly{s
kIfsf] klg xft /x]sf] x'G5, h;sf] d'Vo
sf/0f clzIff, cfly{s ljkGgtf /
r]tgfsf] sdL xf] . h;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{
x/]s ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«sf ufpFx¿df
dlxnfx¿ g} e]6L rl9/x]sf 5g\ . sltko
7fpFx¿df cfˆg} cfdfa'af, bfh'efO, nf]Ug],
sfsf, dfdf, legfh', b]j/ gft]bf/x¿n]
k};fsf] sf/0fn] jf cfˆgf] :jf{ys{ f] sf/0fn]
ubf{ cfˆg} lbbLalxgL jf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{
bnfnx¿nfO{ a]Rg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . sltko
:yfgx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] cfˆg} sdhf]/L
h:tf] k|d] sf] hfndf km:g', ljjfxsf] ;kgf
b]Vg', ljb]z 3'Dg /x/ ug{ / /f]huf/Lsf]
cfzf ug{ cflb h:tf ljleGg k|nf]egdf
cfP/ ;lhn} s;}sf] ljZjf; ug{ klg
r]nLj]6L j]rljvgsf] d'Vo sf/0f ag]sf]
5 . To;}u/L cfly{s, kfl/jfl/s /
ul/aLs} sf/0fn] ubf{ dlxnfx¿ :jod\
klg b]xJofkf/tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L
xfd|f] ;dfhdf l;lh{Psf] s'/Llt, s';:+ sf/,
cGwk/Dk/f, cGwljZjf; / ?l9jfbLn]
klg r]nLj]6L a]rljvgnfO{ tLj| ¿kdf
a9fPsf] 5 . h:t} xfd|f] ;dfh
lkt[;tfTds ;dfh xf] . oxfF k'?if /
dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f cToGt km/s
5, oxfF k'?if / dlxnfdf e]befj ul/G5 .
h;n] ubf{ k'?ifsf] bfhf]df dlxnf ;w}F
lk5l8Psf] 5, csf]{ s'/f lxGb' bz{gsf]
ckJofVofaf6 k|efljt cGwljZjf; /
cGwk/Dk/fdf afFrs ] f g]kfnL ;dfhdf
5f]/f geP j+z grNg] wf/0ff 5f]/f geP
lkt[x¿sf] p4f/ gx'g] / 5f]/fg} xf];\ eGg]
sfdgfdf 5f]/f]sf rfx /fvL oxfF w]/}
5f]/Lx¿ hGdG5g\ / kl5 5f]/Lx¿nfO{
ljgf ;f]rL;DemL csf{sf] gf;f] unfsf]
kf;f] jf af]em ;DemL afnljjfx ul/lbg],
ljgf ;f]lr;DemL k};fsf] nfnzfdf
hflu/sf] gfddf ljb]z k7fOlbg] jf l;w}
bnfnx¿nfO{ k};fdf a]lrlbg] k|rng a9\b}
uPsfn] klg b]xJofkf/n] cem a9L ljs/fn
¿k lnO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k|foh;f] ;a}
lhNnfx¿df k|To]s jif{ w]/} jf yf]/} ¿kdf
g] k fnL gf/Lx¿nfO{ ef/tLo
sf]7Lx¿nufot ;fpbL c/a, l;+ufk'/,
@)^& ;fn ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/
l;h{gfsf y'·f
b:t'/ nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . xfnsf] ;+ux| fno uh/fh / n]G8'kx¿ hlGd/x]sf 5g\
ejgcufl8 ljutdf lqe'jg ;bg /x]sf] dgf]x/ nfld5fg]
hfgsf/L ;f] ;+ux| fnosf k|zf;g k|dv '
ho/fd dxh{gn] lbg'eof] . pxfFsf Oltxf;sf] s'g} If0f
cg';f/ ;f] ;bg /fhf lqe'jgaf6 lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] lyof] . /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] ;Dk"0f{ s;n] uj{ u/]g xf]nf / <
kl/jf/sf] xTof ul/Psf] ;f] ;bg pSt
csNkgLo xTofsf08 kl5 eTsfOPsf] g]kfnL jL/tfsf] ufyf
;d]t dxh{gn] atfpg'eof] . dxh{gn]
;f] ;+ux| fno cjnf]sgaf6 ;'? ePsf]
;x/b]lv ufpF;Dd
lbgb]lv @)^^ h]7 #! ut];Dddf ?= uf}/j dfq lyPgg\
tLg s/f]8 #@ nfv #& xhf/ *^%
l6s6 laqmLaf6 p7]sf] atfpg'eof] . cfˆgf ;GttLnfO{ ;'gfpg] cfbz{ af]Sb}
pxfFn] To;dWo] ;jf/L;fwg kfls{ªaf6 slxn] ef]6;Fusf] o'4sf] rrf{ ul/GYof]
dfq ?= b'O{ nfv rf/ xhf/ ^&% p7]sf]
klg hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k|To]s xKtf lkm/ËL;Fu n8]sf uf}/j ufyfx¿
dËnaf/ / a'waf/ tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs
labfsf lbg ;f] ;+ux| fno aGb x'g] u/]sf] /fli6«otf / cfbz{sf efjgfdf
5 eg] laxfg !! ah]bl] v lbpF;f] #
ah];Dd v'Nnf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . ;f] lxdfnb]lv d}bfgL kmfF6 x'bF }
;+ux| fnodf b}lgs cf};t Ps xhf/ cfˆg} b]zsf :jfledfgL ufyfx¿
JolSt cjnf]sg ug{ cfpF5g\ eg] cGo
lbgx¿sf t'ngfdf zlgaf/ a9L eL8 cfbz{sf kof{ojfrL ag]sf lyP .
x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] /fhtGqsf]
Oltxf;sf af/]df cWoog u/]sf ljBfyL{ s7} ljr/f Û xfd|f cu|hx¿
tyf cGo ;j{;fwf/0f JolStx¿;d]t
cfk"mn] k9]sf ljifonfO{ k|ToIf¿kdf x]g{
pgLx¿s} b/;Gtfg
rfxg] bz{sx¿sf] ;f] ;+ux| fnodf clxn] km]l/ y'k}| uh/fh hlGd;s]sf 5g\
afx'Notf b]lvG5 . ;f] ;+ux| fnodf
sfo{/t @#% hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no l;lSsdsf n]G8'k klg
sf]7fsf] cefj eO/x]sf] / xfn xfdLsxfF hlGd/x]sf 5g\
sd{rf/Lx¿ aflx/} pleg afWo ePsfn]
sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu ;/sf/n] sfof{no ;/sf/ agfpg] ;+;bLo gf6s x]bf{
pknAw u/fpg'kg{] dxh{g atfpg'xG' 5 .
Ps jif{cl3 ;+ux| fnosf] cjnf]sg ug{ n]G8'k d'sG' 8f] nufPsfx¿
cfPsf b'O{ JolSt k]:tf]n;lxt kqmfp
k/]kl5 oxfFsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf s8fO nfh} gdfgL g]kfnL xf}F eGb}
ul/Psf] 5 . gofF g]tT[ jsf] vf]hL ug]{ cleofgleq
n]G8'k / uh/fh ld>sf gofF r]x/fx¿
cd]l/sf, xªsª s'jt] h:tf b]zx¿df
5tf5'Nn kf]lvPsf 5g\
uh/fh / n]G8'kx¿ ;bgleq} gflr/x]sf 5g\
b]xJofkf/sf nflu a]lrG5 . r]nLj]6L
j]rljvgn] cfˆgf] kmGbfdf ljz]ifu/L ;Ldf pgLx¿sf k|ltd"lt{ ;bgleq} xfFl;/x]sf 5g\
glhssf] If]q, ;'sd' jf;L If]q, u|fdL0f
If]qnufot ;x/L If]qnfO{ klg cfˆgf] dg em/fP/ tg hnfP/ xfdLx¿ ltgs} kl5 nflu/x]sf 5f}F .
sAhfdf lnO;s]sf] 5 . of] Jofkf/ ;'?–
;'?df n'lsl5lk ug{] ul/GYof] eg] clxn] s:tf] cgy{
cfP/ sltko 7fpFx¿ h:t} 7d]n, gofF s:tf] lj8Dagf,
afg]Zj/nufot j;'Gw/f, rfjlxntkm{
o:tf] Jofkf/nfO{ 8fG; Sna jf af/sf] dfG5] hGdg'sf] cy{ 5 eg]
gfddf ;~rfng ug{ klg u/]sf] kfOG5 .
h;n] xfdLnfO{ ab\gfd u/]sf] 5 / h;n] g]kfnL x'gs ' f] uj{ 5 eg]
xfd|f] /fi6«dfly 7"nf] bfu nufPsf] 5,
h;nfO{ xfd|f] b]zsf] sfg'g / ;/sf/n] s]sf nflu nfrf/L b]vfpFb} 5f}F
x6fpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;j{:jLsfo{ s'/f lsg xfdL n]G8'kx¿sf] kl5 nfUb}5f}F
xf] ls r]nLj]6L a]rljvg Ps ck/fw
xf] . o; lsl;dsf] lqmofsnfkaf6 xfdLn] s;n] lrg]sf] 5}g / gflËPsf] oyfy{
of] ug{ gx'g] sfd eGg] a'‰g'kb{5 .
r]nLj]6L a]rljvg ugf{n] r]nLx¿sf] cfˆg} :jfledfgL arfpg nfrf/x¿
hLjg aaf{b x'g] / pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] a]nd} f n]G8'kx¿ gËØfpg ;s]gf}F eg]
hLjgdf s]xL klg sfd ug{ g;Sg] x'g
;S5g\ . pgLx¿ ;dfhdf cfˆgf] lz/ b]z /xnf g/xnf s] eGg ;lsG5 /,
p7fP/ lxF8g\ klg ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿n]
cfˆgf] z/L/sf] ;'/Iff cfkm}F ug{;Sg' kb{5 . l;lSsdsf] Oltxf; bf]xf]l/g ;S5 .
olb ufpF3/sf dlxnfx¿ lzlIft ePsf slt n]G8'kx¿ gofF d'sG' 8f] nufpFb}
eP To:tf] cj:yf g} cfpg] lyPg .
pgLx¿n] w]/} lsl;dsf 1fg cfh{g ug{ s}of}F kf6L{sf cfj/0f af]sL
;S5g\ . o;af6 pgLx¿ lzlIft r]nLa]6L
a]rjvgsf af/]df klg hfGg] cj;/ hlGdPsf n]G8'kx¿, axfgfafhL nufpFb5 } g\
k|bfg x'G5 . r]nLa]6L a]rljvg ug{ sfd
Ps ck/fw dflgPsf] b]zdf klg w]/} ;+;bLo v]nleqsf] t6:ytfleq
dfqfdf o:tf] 36gf ePsf] kfOG5 . o; cjtf/L n]G8'kx¿n], gofF rnv]n ub}{
sfo{sf6 bnfn / dflnsnfO{ a9L dfqfdf
k};f cfpg] x'gfn] of] sfo{ km:6fPsf] hfnL ?dfnx¿ la5\ofpFb}
kfOG5 . r]nLx¿nfO{ klxnf dg kf/pg]
ljjfx ug{ / 3'Dg nlu sf]7Ldf jf aDa}df b]zs} a}gfa§f ul//x]sf 5g\,
nlu a]Rg] sfo{ Jofks ¿kdf ePsf] n]G8'k] efiffdf af]ln/x]sf 5g\,
5 . of] sfo{ /f]Sgsf] nflu l;dfgfx¿df
k'ln;x¿ t a;]sf x'G5g\ t/ pgLx¿n] kf6L{ lrgfpg] ;Daf]wgsf gf/fleq
klg Tolt jftf{ ub}g{ g\ / bnfnnfO{ klg
kmfObf xG5 / csf]{ ;x/df To; r]nLnfO{ b]zs} ;f}bfafhL ul//x]sf 5g\ .
k'¥ofpF5 To; bnfnx¿ ;kmn x'G5g\ . b]z} /x]g eg] sf] d]/f] sf] k/fof,
r]nLj]6L a]rljvgaf6 ;r]t /xg w]/}
s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ o; sfo{af6 aRg gofF uh/fh / n]G8'kx¿ gflËPgg\ eg],
t dlxnfx¿ cem ;ts{ /xg' kb{5 .
pgLx¿n] z}lIfs 1fg lng'sf ;fy} aflx/L eGg ;lsGg, b]lvof] k|:6;Fu
ljifoj:t'sf] klg cWoog ug{k' b{5 .
h;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} s'/fsf] 1fg x'G5 . xfd|f] cl:tTj slt g} afFsL /x]5 / <
dlxnfx¿n] ufpFdf gofF–gofF dfG5] cfP lxhf] axfb'/, sfG5f hGdg] xfd|f] b]zdf
jf k'/fgf dfG5]df klg Tolt ljZjf; ug{
x'bF g} . vf;u/L dlxnf d'lSt cfGbf]ngdf ca n]G8'k, uh/fhx¿ hlGd/x]sf 5g\,
cu|;/ ;+3;+:yf / kf6L{x¿n] o;tkm{
cfˆgf] Wofg s]lGb|t ug{k' g]{ ePsf] 5 . ;fgf 7"nf gofF n]G8'kx¿ hlGd/x]sf 5g\ .
@)^& ;fn ;fpg ( ut] cfOtaf/
u/L zflGtk|lqmofdfkm{t\ d"nwf/df
o:tf]==== Nofpg],
dw] ; ;jfnsf ;DaGwdf
s_ @)^$ ;fn ebf} !# ut] dw];L
hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn / g]kfn
;/sf/aLr ePsf] afO{; a'Fb]
;Demf}tf / @)^$ ;fn kmfu'g
!^ ut] ;+oQ' m nf]stflGqs dw];L
df]rf{;Fu g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf]
cf7 a'Fb] ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog
ug{ afFsL /x]sf ljifo sfof{Gjog
ug]{ .
v_ cfTdlg0f{ o sf] clwsf/;lxt
:jfoQ dw]; k|b]zsf] :ykgf
ug]{ .
u_ ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, hgkb k|x/L,
lzIff, :jf:Yonufot ;Dk"0f{
;fj{ h lgs ;] j fx¿ ;+ : yfg,
;+jw} flgs lgsfox¿df dw];Lsf]
;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu cf/If0f ug{
cfjZos P] g , sfg' g Pj+
lgodfjnL agfpg] .
3_ dw];nfO{ d?e"lds/0f x'gaf6
arfpg jg ljgfz k"0f{¿kn] /f]sL
r'/] If]qnfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ jg
nufpg] sfo{ ug]{ / gbL lgoGq0f
u/L lu6L 9'Ëf / afn'jf lemSg] /
lgof{t ug]{ sfo{ lgoGq0f ug]{ .
ª_ dw];af6 ;fd'bflos jgsf] dw];L
lj/f]wL cjwf/0ff cljnDa vf/]h
u/L ;fem]bf/L jgs} cjwf/0ff
nfu" ug'{kg]{ .
r_ ;+ljwfg;efdf /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf
tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF 8 kmfF 8
;ldltåf/f tT;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg
k] ; eO{ ;+ l jwfg;efsf]
If]qflwsf/leq k|j]z eO;s]sf]
ljifodf /fHo k' g ;+ { / rgf
cfof]usf] cf}lrTo / ;fGble{stf
g/x]sf]n] ;f] cfof]u u7g gug]{ .
5_ hGdl;4 / cËLs[tnufotsf
gful/s ;GtfgnfO{ cGtl/d
;+ l jwfgsf] Joj:yfcg' ; f/
gful/stf k|df0fkq pknAw
u/fpg cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ .
h_ ;' s ' d af;Lsf gfddf
dw];sf] hËnsf] ljgfzLs/0f /
/fHoåf/f ;~rflnt cfGtl/s
cfk|jf;gnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ .
;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f ;DaGwdf
s_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds
;+ljwfg;efaf6} @)^& ;fn r}t
d;fGtleq lgdf{0f u/L lgwf{l/t
;doleq hf/L ul/;Sg'kb{5 .
v_ ;+ l jwfgdf ljZjJofkL
dfGotfcg'¿k dfgjclwsf/ tyf
k| ] ; :jtGqtf, nf] s tflGqs
u0ftGq, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/
/ k|fb]lzs :jfoQtf;lxtsf]
;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL, gful/s
;jf]R{ rtf, ;+jw} flgs ;jf]R{ rtf
tyf ljlwsf] zf;g, ax'bnjfb
/ ax'bnLo k|0ffnL, lgikIf tyf
:jtGq Gofokflnsf, hg;+Vofsf
cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj
k|0ffnL, cfjlws lgjf{rgh:tf
ljz]iftf /flvg'kb{5 .
zflGtk| l qmofsf ;DaGwdf
s_ tTsfn sfo{ k|f/De u/L ;/sf/
u7g ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf rf/
dlxgfleq dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf]
;dfof] h g, k' g :yf{ k gf /
Joj:yfkg sfo{ ;DkGg u/L
k"0f{¿kn] lgz:qLs/0f ug]{ . ;f]sf
nflu lgDgsfo{ ug] { – -!_
dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿nfO{ tTsfn
ljz]if ;ldltcGtu{t Nofpg], -
@_ b'O{ dlxgfleq k'gM ;fd"xLs/0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ug] { , -#_ Ps
dlxgfleq} ;dfof]hgsf] ;+Vof
tf] S g] , -$_ ;dfof] h g x' g ]
lgsfosf] dfGotf dfkb08nfO{
kfngf ug]{, -%_ ;dfof]hg sfo{
;dfj]zL agfpg], -^_ ;/sf/
u7g ePsf] Ps ;ftfleq
jfOl;PnnfO{ l8Soflkª ug],{ -&_
hkmt ul/Psf 3/hUuf / ;DklQ
Ps dlxgfleq lkmtf{ ug],{
v_ g] k fnL ;] g fsf] ;+ / rgfnfO{
;dfj]zL / nf]stGqLs/0f ug]{
k|lqmofnfO{ ;/sf/ u7g ePsf]
Ps dlxgfleq k|f/De ul/;Sg],
u_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf dw];L ;d'bfosf]
;dfj] z L tyf ;dfg' k flts
cfwf/df ;d" x ut k| j ] z sf]
Joj:yf ug],{
3_ k" j L{ k xf8L If] q / dw] ; df
/fhgLlts p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu
;+3if{/t ;z:q ;d"xl;t jftf{
ª_ d'ns' df al9/x]sf] lx+;f, xTof tyf
ck/fwLs/0f / b08xLgtfsf]
l:ylt cGTo ug{ 7f]; of]hgf /
sfo{qmd tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog
ug],{
r_ gofF /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLlt th'{df
u/L nfu" ug]{ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
ug{, dw];sf] ;jfn ;Daf]wg ug{,
zflGtk| l qmofnfO{ ;kmntfdf
k'¥ofpg, /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0fsf
nflu xfdL ;xdt 5f}F .
-;+oQ' m nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{n]
k|wfgdGqLdf ;dy{g ug{sf nflu
z'qmaf/ cufl8 ;f/]sf] cfwf/kq_
;'gvfgL===
cfwf bh{g gbLsf] afn'jfdf ;'g kQf
nfu]sf] lyof] . uPsf] cfly{s jif{df
tL gbLsf afn'jfaf6 ;'g vf]Hg] eGb}
lrlgofF gful/s em' ;'Ntfgn] pBf]u
ljefudf !! pBf]u;d]t btf{ u/fPsf
lyP . rfn" cfjdf ljefun] ;'g
cg';Gwfgsf nflu dfq} @# j6f gofF
sDkgLnfO{ cg'dlt lbPsf] 5 . bfª,
aemfª, lrtjg / s}nfnLdf ;'gvfgL
vf]Hg tL sDkgLn] :jLs[lt lnPsf]
emfn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;' g vfgL
pTvgg\sf nflu g]kfnL Joj;foLn]
eGbf ljb]zLn] rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\ .
To;df klg lrlgofF Joj;foLn] ljif]z
rf;f] /fv]sf 5g\ . o;afx]s ljefun]
&^ sDkgLnfO{ cGo vlgh vf]Hg
cg'dlt lbPsf] 5, h;df r'g9'Ëf -
@( sDkgL_, ce|v -@_, sf]Onf -
!(_, v/L -^_, dfa{n -#_, /ftf]df6f]
-&_, 6'ªdflng -@_, h]D;:6f]g -@_,
sfOgfO6 -$_ / :jfh -@_ 5g\ .
ljefun] xfn;Dd ;'gnufot cGo
ax'dN" o vlgh cg';Gwfgsf nflu $
;o ! sDkgLnfO{ cg'dlt lbO;s]sf]
5 . cfpFbf] cfjdf ljefun] sf7df8f}F
pkTosfsf] km"nrf]sLdf kmnfd,
88]Nw'/fdf tfdf, kfNkfdf sf]Onf,
dsjfgk'/df dfa{n lgsfNg k|:tfj
cfZjfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ljefusf]
cg'dltdf uf]bfj/Ldf dfa{n, bfª /
kfNkfdf sf] O nf tyf ;' v ] { t /
dsjfgk'/df r'g9'Ëf lgsfNg] sfd
eO/x]sf] 5 .
k|r08s}===
b]lvFb}g . Pdfn] cWoIf vgfnnfO{
cfk"m;Fu sl/a b'O{ ltxfO{ dt x'bF f
klg k|wfgdGqL aGg glbPsf] l/; km]g{
;Dej eP dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gq t6:y
a:g] b'O{ ljsNk dfq afFsL 5 .
o;cl3sf b'O{j6f lgjf{rgdf
;kmn dw];L df]rf{ t6:y a;]sf] lyof]
eg] cfufdL !& ut] x'g] lgjf{rgdf
df]rf{n] dtbfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
lg0ff{os dt /x]sf] dw];L df]rf{n]
p7fPsf] cjwf/0ffdf pNn] l vt
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, /fHo bnsf
dw] ; Lsf] ;dfj] z Ls/0fsf] nflu
cf/If0f ug]{h:tf d'2f dfcf]jfbLn]
dfq k"/f ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/x¿n]
atfPsf 5g\ . u7aGwg ug]{ eGb}df
dw];Ln] cl3 ;f/]sf unt k|:tfjdf
eg] dfcf]jfbLn] 3'8F f 6]Sg gx'g] ;d]t
pgLx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . df]rf{sf] Ps
36s dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/dsf
cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbjn] cfk"mx¿n]
p7fPsf] d'2fdf glhs x'g] bn;Fu
u7aGwg ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ . dw];L
hgtfsf] dfunfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn dfcf]jfbLn] dfq
;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] ePkl5 p;sf]
kIfdf dw];L bnx¿n] cfufdL !&
ut] dtbfg ug]{ ;Defjgf /x]sf]
/fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx¿ atfpF5g\,
h;af6 oL d' n ' s sf] cfufdL
k|wfgdGqL kbdf k|r08sf] zfgbf/
ljho x'g]5 .
cem}===
5 . alb{ofsf Dofg' yf?n] d'St
sd}ofsf] kl/rokq lnPsf] !) jif{
k'Uof] t/ pgL s'g} klg :yfgdf
:yfoL¿kdf a:g kfPsf 5}gg\ . pgL
d'St sd}ofsf] gfd dfq ePsf] t/
;/sf/n] d'St sd}ofnfO{ lbg'kg]{
;'ljwf glbPsf] u'gf;f] kf]V5g\ . pgL
eG5g\– …vfnL 7fpFdf uP/ 3/ agfP/
a;f]af; u¥of] slxn] ;d'bfosf
dflg; cfP/ p7fpF 5 g\ , slxn]
;/sf/sf JolSt cfP/ p7fpF5g\
xfdLn] slxNo} :yfoL¿kdf a:g
kfPsf 5}gf}F g hldgbf/sfdf kms]{/
hfg kfpg', g u/]/ vfg kfpg'
xfdLnfO{ t o:tf] lhGbuL g/s h:tf]
ePsf] 5 .Ú s}nfnLsf laGtL/fd
yf?sf] klg xfnt p:t} /x]sf] 5 .
pgL eG5g\– …xfdLn] xfd|f] dfunfO{
;Daf]wg unf{g\ eg]/ ;ef;b\ agfP/
k7fof}F t/ pgLx¿ klg cfˆg} :jfy{df
Jo:t ePsf] h:tf] 5, xfd|f] dfunfO{
cem};Dd k"/f u/]sf 5}gg\ g xfdLnfO{
/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
xfnt v/fa 5 t/ b]zsf g]tfn]
a'‰b}gg\ h'g hf]uL cfP klg sfg}
lr/]sf .Ú pgL ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwn]
klg ufpFsf k'h F Lkltsf] dfq s'/f ;'g/]
hfg] atfpF5g\ / eG5g\– …;/sf/sf
k|ltlglwsf] s] s'/f ug{] h;n] ;Ddfg
u5{ p;}sf] u'0fufg ufP/ hfG5g\
pN6} xfdLnfO{ vfnL 7fpFdf a;]sfdf
;/sf/L hUuf k/]sf] eg]/ cf/f]k
nufpF5g\, To:t} 8/fpg]sf] t 3/af;
klg p7fPsf 5g\ .Ú sdn/Laf6
Pdfn]sL ;ef;b\ aGg'ePsL zfGtf
rf}w/L eg] cfk"mn] sd}of / sdn/Lsf]
af/]df ;Sbf] cfjfh p7fPsf] t/
slxn]sfxLF cfˆgf] ax'dt gk'u]sf
sf/0f ;xL d'2f klg cf]em]ndf kg]{
u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfkm"
k| f s[ l ts ;| f ] t , ;fwg afF 8 kmfF 8
;ldltsf] ;efklt ePsf sf/0f
lg/Gt/ d'Stsd}ofsf] ljifodf s'/f
p7fO/xg] u/]sf] / PSn}n] s]xL klg
gx'g] ePsfn] ;a} ;ef;b\sf] Pp6}
cfjfh h?/L /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'e ' of] .
pxfFn] cfk"m klg !* jif{ sdn/L a;]/
cfPsfn] sdn/L aGbfsf] kL8f sd}of
x'Fbfsf] kL8f cfk"mn] a'em]sfn] ca
cfpg] ;+ljwfg ;a}sf] g]tT[ j x'g] u/L
aGgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ kLl8tsf] u'gf;f]
;d]l6Psf] klg atfpg'eof] . cfkm}Fn]
s'/f p7fPsfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{df
!@ s/f]8 ¿k}ofF sdn/L / sd}ofsf
nflu 5'6\ofpg ;kmn ePsf] bfaL
klg pxfFn] ug'{eof] . sd}ofnfO{ s,
v, u / 3 u/L rf/ efudf ljefhg
ul/Psf] 5 . …sÚ ju{df kg]{ sd}ofsf]
3/hUuf s'g} klg gePsfx¿ kb{5g\ .
…vÚ ju{df P]nfgL hUufdf 3/ ePsf]
t/ hUufljxLg kb{5g\ . To;}u/L …uÚ
ju{df cfˆg} hUufdf 3/ ePsf t/
b'O{ sÝfeGbf sd hUuf ePsf kb{5g\
eg] …3Ú ju{df cfˆg} hUufdf 3/
ePsf / b'O{ sÝfeGbf a9L hUuf
ePsf t/ vfg gk'Ug] kl/jf/ kg]{
ub{5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)%( sf]
nutcg';f/ …sÚ / …vÚ ju{df k/]sf
/ d'Stsd}ofsf] kl/rokq k|fKt u/]sf
kl/jf/ bfªdf &)%, afFs]df Ps
xhf/ (@! alb{ofdf !! xhf/ %%!,
s} n fnLdf * xhf/ (&% /
s~rgk'/df rf/ xhf/ $!* kl/jf/
u/L hDdf @& xhf/ %&) /x]sf 5g\
eg] ;/sf/n] of] tYofÍdf …uÚ / …3Ú
ju{df d'Stsd}of ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
kfOF b } g . d' S tsd} o f k' g :yf{ k gf
sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf ;b:o;lrj
nId0fs'df/ xdfnsf cg';f/ g]kfn
;/sf/n] …sÚ / …vÚ ju{df sd}ofsf]
k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ljleGg gLltx¿
ckgfPsf] atfpg' e of] . pxfF n ]
d'Stsd}ofnfO{ k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu
ahf/ If]qdf a9Ldf PssÝf hldg
pknAw u/fpg] , /fhdfu{ ; F u
hf]l8Psf] eP a9Ldf b'O{ sÝf, u|fdL0f
If]qdf eP a9Ldf kfFr sÝf 3/
lgdf{0fsf nflu ?= b; xhf/ ¿k}ofF
gub / #% So'lkm6 sf7 pknAw
u/fpg] gLlt lnPsf] hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] . pxfFn] ;/sf/sf tkm{af6
d' S tsd} o fsf nflu :j/f] h uf/
tflndsf] klg Joj:yf u/]sf] atfpFb}
:j/f]huf/ tflndaf6 w]/} d'Stsd}of
cfTdlge{ / u/L c?nfO{ ;d] t
/f]huf/ lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . ;lrj
xdfnsf cg';f/ bfª / afFs] lhNnfdf
d'Stsd}of k'g:yf{kgf eO;s]sf 5g\
eg] s}nfnLdf qmdzM tLg xhf/ ^#)
/ b' O { xhf/ @#) 3/kl/jf/
k'g:yf{kgf ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
s~rgk' / df eg] #@ 3/kl/jf/
k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu ;Dks{df gcfPsf
/ cGo eg] k'g:yf{kgf eO;s]sf]
atfpg'eof] . dfnn] xfn k'g:yf{kgf
x'g afFsLsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
hUuf gePsf] / ePsf] hUufdf klg
hËnsf] 5]p5fpdf a;]sf P]nfgL
k|lthUuf ePsf] e"ldxLg ;'sd ' jf;L
a;] s fn] pgLx¿nfO{ x6fP/
d'Stsd}of /fVg ufx|f] eO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu
d'Stsd}ofsf nflu kof{Kt hUuf
ePsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} jl/i7 kqsf/
/3' nfld5fg] eGg'x'G5– æg]kfn
;/sf/;Fu kof{Kt hUuf 5 oBlk
;/sf/ pgLx¿nfO{ hUuf k|bfg ug{
cfn6fn ul//x]sf] 5 .Ú pxfFsf] egfO
o:tf] /x]sf] wg]Gb| a:g]t ;+of]hgs
/x]sf] pRr:t/Lo j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/
cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgsf]
;'emfjcg';f/ g]kfndf e"ldxLgsf]
;+Vof ? !$ nfv ;ft xhf/ !))
/x]sf] 5, pgLx¿nfO{ ?= rf/ nfv
@! xhf/ &&) x]S6/ hldg cfjZos
kb{5 . To;dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
P]nfgL hUuf ?= #@ nfv () xhf/
(*% x]S6/, u'7L ?= !% xhf/ #$$
x]S6/ gbL psf;af6 ? % xhf/ ##^,
x}l;ot lau|]sf] jg If]qsf] hUuf ?=
!% nfv %( xhf/ @)) x]S6/ /
xbaGbLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ?= Ps nfv
@% xhf/ %)) u/L hDdf ;f] cfof]un]
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ sl/a ?= $( nfv
(^ xhf/ $^% x]S6/ hldg pknAw
/x]sf] / ;f] hldg ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]
cj:yfsf] /x]sf] k|ltj]bg lbPsfn]
;/sf/;Fu hUuf gePsf sf/0f
d'Stsd}ofn] hUuf gkfPsf x'g\ eGg
gldNg] o; If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg
;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf] egfO 5 .
dxf;+3n]===
lgdf0f{ u/L sfof{Gjogsf] k|lta4tf
hfx]/ x'g'kg]{nufotsf dfu /fv]/
;fpg ! ut]b]lv #) ut];Ddsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] .
alnsf]===
g} gagfpg] eGg] Pdfn]sf] lg0f{o slt
u}/lhDd]jf/ < of] t k|wfgdGqL dfwj
g]kfnsf] lg0f{oh:tf] kf] eof] .
xfdLnfO{ k|:6} 5 ls $)! sf]
k|fjwfg kf6L{ cWoIf emngfy vgfnnfO{
alnsf] af]sf] agfpgsf nflu pgs}
;xdtL{x¿åf/f /flvPsf] lyof] . ;'?df
pDd]bjf/ aGg kfpFbf dfu klg
emngfy vgfn tLg xft plk|mP t/
cfk"m km;fOPsf] rfn kfPgg\ . ca
lglZrt 5, To;leqsf] blIf0fkGyL v]df
sfFu;]| nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ lbzflt/ hfg]
5 jf gofF k|lqmof ;'? ePdf csf]{
dfwj g]kfn jf s]kL cf]nLnfO{ sfFu;
]| sf]
;dy{gdf p7fpg] x'g;S5 . ca of]
lx;fan] slxn] ;+ljwfg aGg] xf] /
zflGtjxfnL x'g] xf] eGg ufx|f] 5 .
;/sf/===
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ePsfn]
Pdfn] n ] ca cfˆgf] kf6L{ s f
pDd] b jf/nfO{ ;dy{ g ug' { k g] {
dfcf]jfbLn] atfPsf] 5 . To;f] x'g
g;s] dfcf]jfbLn] dw];jfbL bn;Fu
ldn]/ cfˆgf] kIfdf ax'dt k'¥ofpg]
lglZrt 5 . Pdfn]leq b]lvPsf]
u'6aGbLn] kf6L{ ljefhgsf] ;+3f/df
k'us
] f] cj:yfdf Pdfn]sf] kIfdf /fli6«o
;xdlt aGg] s'g} cj:yf g/x]sf]
hfgsf/x¿ atfpF5g\ . Pdfn]n] ;Dej
eP dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u ug'k{ g]{ gq
t6:y a:bf g} 7Ls x'g;] d]t pgLx¿n]
atfPsf 5g\ .
t]nfluGb'n;'?s/sf] ===
d} …a'lsªÚ ug{k' g]5{ / k|To]ssf]
d"No &% xhf/ 8n/ kg]5{ . o;af6
p7]sf] /sd eg] t]Gb'ns/sf] Rofl/6L
kmG8df hDdf x'g5] . ;fwf/0f cfTdsyf
klg xhf/ k|lt dfq 5flkg]5 / o;sf]
d"No;d]t b'O{ xhf/b]lv tLg xhf/
8n/sf] aLrdf x'g5] . cfTdsyfdf *
;o %@ kfgf x'g5] g\ . o;df !% ;o
tl:a/ / tLg nfv zAb x'g5] g\ . v]n
If]qdf o:t} k|sfzg o;cl3 l8Puf]
Dof/f8f] g f / dfOsn hf] G ;gsf
cfTdsyfdf eO;s]sf] 5 . t]Gb'ns/
jf:tjd} dxfg\ v]nf8L x'g\ / o;k|sf/
pgsf] cfTdsyf aflx/ cfpg' hfoh 5,
k|sfzg ;+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 . – PPkmkL
k|jL0ftf===
/fVg'kg]{ ePsf k|To]s ljBfyL{af6 ?=
@)) lng], bzhf]8 b'Od{ f dlxgfjf/L
z'Ns ? @%) eGbf a9L lng gkfpg] /
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon] k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq
txdf lbFb} cfPsf] ;]jf;'ljwf bzhf]8
b'On { fO{ klg lbg'kg]n
{ ufotsf] aFb' fdf
;xdlt ePsf] 5 . t]x| ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gn]
dfu k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsfn]
cfGbf]ng ;d]t lkmtf{ lnPsf] cWoIf
kf}8n] n] atfpg'eof] . t]x| ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gn]
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon] :ki6 ljsNk
gcfP;DDf k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx x6fpg
x'bF g} eg]/ cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfO/x]sf lyP .
ˆ7
of] kf]lnl6«S; cem} slxn];Dd <
s[ i 0f vltj8f, a] l Nhod
g]kfnnfO{ kf]lnl6S;n] g/fd|f];Fu k|b"lift u/]sf] 5 . ha;Dd g]kfnL
kf]lnl6S; kf]lnl6S;af6 d'St x'bF g} ta;Dd g]kfnL hgtfsf] ck]Iffcg';f/
g t zflGt g} :yfkgf x'g] b]lvG5 g t gofF ;+ljwfg aGg] ;b\efjgf g} .
hgck]Iff / ;xh ;dfh ljsf;sf] dfunfO{ lgd{d s'Nr]/ x/]s kf6L{sf
g]tfx¿ c:j:Yo 9Ën] cf–cfˆgf] kf]lnl6S;sf] uf8LnfO{ tLj| ultdf
u'8fO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL wtL{df /fhgLltsf] kl/efiff g} ab\lng k'u]sf]
5 . /fhgLlt eg]sf] 9fF6, hfnem]n, if8\oGq, xTof u'08fubL{, n'6v;f]6
tyf htftt} c/fhstf cyf{t ;Dk"0f{df ck/fw g} xf] eGg] kof{ojfrLsf
¿kdf g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g'kg]{ afWotf ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿sf clwsf+z g]tfx¿ slxn] kf]lnl6S;af6 d'St eP/ ;fFrf] cy{df
kf]lnl6l;ogsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ x'g < g]kfnL hgtfsf] ck]Iff, g]kfnL
;dfhsf] j:t'ut cj:yfsf] dfu / Oltxf;n] lbPsf] sfo{ef/nfO{ lhDd]jf/L
af]wsf ;fy cfTd;ft u/]/ slxn]bl] v nfUg] x'g < eGg] lrGtfn] d'ns ' u|:t
5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] !( lbg] qmflGtsf/L zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngn] b]vfPsf]
dfu{ / ut ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] hgfb]z eg]sf] l56f]eGbf l56f]
åGåsf] cGTo, eod'St jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f, ljlwsf] ;fzg / sfg'gL
/fhsf] k|Tofe"lt;lxtsf] lbuf] zflGt / ;a} hflt, eflifs, lnË / If]qsf
hgtfx¿sf] /fHodf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj;lxt ;dtfd"ns ;+/rgfdf
cfwfl/t nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+3Lo /fHosf] gofF ;+ljwfg tf]lsPsf]
;doleq} agfpg'kg]{ g} lyof] . g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«sf] b'ef{Uo, To;f] x'g
;s]g . gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/Laf6
;ef;b\x¿nfO{ ljd'v dfq agfOPg, ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj xTofpgs} nflu
:ofn x'OoF fdf s]lGb|t u/fOof] / ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ k+u' dfq agfOPg ;dfKt
;d]t ul/of] . ca s]jn /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] ;+ljwfg;ef dfq afFsL
5 / hglgjf{lrt ;ef;b\x¿ dgf]lgt ;ef;b\df kl/0ft eO;s]sf
5g\ . To;df klg ls+st{Jolad'9af6 cem;Dd d'St x'g kfPsf 5}gg\ .
bLuf] zflGt :yfkgf / gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg Oltxf;n] lbPsf] dxfg\
cj;/nfO{ yftL /fv]/ ;/sf/ lgdf{0f k|fyldstfsf] ljifo x'g} ;Sb}g
lyof] . t/ ;/sf/s} ljifonfO{ s]lGb|t agfP/ ;+ljwfg agfpg] g]kfnL
hgtfn] kfPsf] P]ltxfl;s cj;/nfO{ t'xfpg] k|of; eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
clxn] klg ;/sf/ lgdf0f{sf] ljifonfO{ g} cfjZostfeGbf a9L dxTj
lbP/ tLg 7"nf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ c:j:Yo zlSt ;+3if{df plqPsf
5g\ . d'n'ssf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf / Oltxf;n] lbPsf] zflGt / gofF
;ljwfg lgdf0f{sf] olt 7"nf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ o;/L c:j:Yo
9Ësf] ;Qf k|flKtsf] xf]8afhLn] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu oL 7"nf
tLg /fhgLlts kf6L{aLr x'gk} g]{ ;xdltsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostfnfO{ cem
k/ ws]Ng] g} b]lvG5 . gofF ;+ljwfgsf nflu b'O{ ltxfO{ dtsf] cfjZostfsf]
dfu cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5 . h;/L 7"nf] kf6L{ ePsf] sf/0f ;/sf/sf]
g]t[Tj ug{ kfpg} kg]{ blnn k]; ul/g] ul/Psf] 5, To;/L g} h;sf nflu
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ePsf] xf], To;sf nflu cyf{t\ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
lgdf0f{sf] /fli6«o dxTj / d'Vo sfo{ef/k|lt lhDd]jf/Laf]w slxn] x'g] <
eGg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] oIf k|Zgk|lt g]kfnL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf
kf]lnl6l;ogx¿n] laNs'n} Wofg lbO/x]sf 5}gg\ . of] c:j:Yo kf]lnl6S;n]
@)^@÷^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw u0ftGqnfO{ l;Wofpg]
/ k|ltudgnfO{ ;3fpg] h:tf pN6f] sfd dfq ul//x]sf] 5}g, d'n's
c;kmn /fi6«df kl/0ft x'g] k|an ;Defjgf klg Tolts} a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
To;}n] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ hgtfsf] cg'/f]w 5– u'6 / k'm6sf]
v]tL ug{ 5f]8\g';\, kf]lnl6S;sf] unt cEof;nfO{ TofUgf];\, cfk"m jf
cfˆgf] kf6L{n] k|wfgdGqL gkfpFb}df zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] clgjfo{
cfjZostfsf] dfu{nfO{ y'Gg] cj:t'jfbL tyf u}/lhDd]jf/L xs{tnfO{
cljnDa ;Rofpgf];\, nf]stflGqs d"No–dfGotfx¿, zflGt, ;+ljwfg /
u0ftGqeGbf dfly s'g} g]tf jf kf6L{ x'g} ;Sb}g . j:t'jfbL eP/ ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ lgdf{0f yftL /x]sf zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿nfO{ tLj|
agfpgf];\ / …of] kf]lnl6S; cem slxn];Dd <Ú eGg] cj:yfaf6 g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ d'St agfpgf];, To;}df tkfO{+sf], tkfO{+x¿sf] kf6L{sf], g]kfnL
/fi6« / hgtfsf] enfO x'g]5 .
l/¶fsf] Joj;flos v]tL ;'?
;'v]{t . ljb]zdf dfu a9]kl5 gofFlbNnL, sf]nstf x'bF } hd{g lgof{t
v]/ uO/x]sf] l/¶fn] clxn] ;'vt{] sf u/]sf] :yfgLo Jofkf/Ln] atfP . l/¶f
ufpF3/df lgs} dxTj kfPsf] 5 . u'0f:t/Lo :ofDk' / ;fa'g agfpg]
pTkfbgsf] t'ngfdf dfu a9L sRrf kbfy{ ePsfn] ljb]zdf o;sf]
ePsf sf/0f ;'v]{tdf ls;fgn] lgs} 7"nf] dfu x'g] u/]sfn] k"jL{
l/¶fsf] Joj;flos v]tL ug{ yfn]sf ;'v]{tsf b'O bh{g tyf hfh/sf]6sf
5g\ . hËndf To;} v]/ hfg] u/]sf] l5d]sL cfwf bh{geGbf a9L uflj;df
l/¶f ljb]zaf6 k};f leq\ofpg] ;|ft] l/¶f pTkfbg x'g u/]sf] ls;fgx¿
ePsfn] ls;fg yk To;k| l t atfpF5g\ . s[lif ljsf; sfof{non]
cfslift{ ePsf x'g\ . dfu a9\b} lhNnfsf 3f]/6] f, cflu|ufpF, ah]l8rf}/,
uPsfn] jghËn / v]taf/Ldf To;} /fsd, sflk|rf}/, 8fF8fvfnL, /fgLaf;,
v] / uO/x] s f] l/¶faf6 clxn] sfkmnsf] 6 , 3' d vx/] , wf/fkfgL,
ls;fgn] dgUo cfDbfgL ug{ yfn]sf aflaofrf}/, ljBfk'/, u'6n ' ufotsf
5g\ . oxfF pTkflbt l/¶f ef/tsf] uflj;df l/¶fsf] pTkfbg x'g] hgfPsf]
gofF lbNnL, snsQf x'Fb} hd{gdf 5 . ls;fgn] ;Íng u/]sf] l/¶f
lgsf;L x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;'v]{tsf] k|lts]hL ?=1 @% b]lv ? #% sf
3f]/6] f, sfkmnsf]6, ah]8Lrf}/ tyf b/n] laqmL ug]{ u/]sfn] ls;fgn] sd
hfh/sf] 6 lhNnfsf] ;Ldf, d]xg] td} /fd|f] cfDbfgL ug{] ePsfn]
sfsL{ufpF, yfnf, h'Fufyfkfrf}/ o;tkm{ ;a} s f] cfsif{ 0 f a9] s f]
nufotsf uflj;df h8La'6L;Fu sfkmnsf]6sf ls;fg dfgaxfb'/ /fgfn]
;DalGwt JolStn] ls;fgn] ;+sng atfpg'eof] . Ps k6s la?jf /f]k/]
u/L NofPsf] l/¶f Go"g d"Nodf vl/b x' s f{ P kl5 @) jif{ ; Dd lg/Gt/
u/L aflx/sf Jofkf/LnfO{ laqmL / kmln/xg] x'bF f l/¶fv]tL ug{ s'g} ;d:of
ljb]z lgof{t ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . gkg]{ / hlt 7"nf] ?v xG5 Tolt g}
utjif{ s f] If] q af6 sl/a @) w]/} l/¶f kmNg] u/]sf] /fgLaf;sf ls;fg
6geGbf a9L l/¶f Jofkf/Ln] k|d] axfb'/ zfxLn] atfpg'eof] .
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k6s k| w fgdGqLsf] nflu
lgjf{rg ug'{eof] t/ 6'ª\uf]df
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;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/f zflGt
k|s[ofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg' / gofF
;+ l jwfg lgdf0f{ ug' { xf] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdn]
xfd|f] kf6L{ P= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
ax'dt lbg ;s]g tfklg ;a}eGbf
7"nf] kf6L{ eg] cjZo agfof] . hgtfn]
lbPsf] x}l;otnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L gofF
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sfFu|];n] rf/ dlxgf;Dd b]zsf] ult
cufl8 lbPg . aNntNn ax'dtLo
k|0ffnLdf hfg] ;xdlt ePb]lv gofF
;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] af6f] v'Nof] . ;/sf/
u7g eO{ sfd ug{ yfn]sf] s]xL dlxgf
kl5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf]
;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf lbg'kg]{ afWosf/L
l:yltsf] lgdf{0f eof] . To;kl5 dfwj
g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjdf oyfl:yltjfbL
rl/qsf] ;/sf/ aGof] . g t Tof]
;/sf/n] zflGQ k|s[ofnfO{ lgisif{df
k'¥ofpg] af6f] vf]Nof] g t ;+ljwfg
n]Vg] af6f] /f]Hof] . Jofks hgbjfjsf
andf dfwj g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n]
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g]kfnL sfFu|]; / Pdfn] leqsf] 3f]/
blIf0fkGyL u'6 cfkm\gf] g]t[Tjdf
;/sf/ agfpg rfxfG5 . ToxL tTjn]
Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfnnfO{ b'O{
ltxfO{sf] Nofpg' kg]{ sf8{ kmfn]/ yf]/}
dtsf] sdL x' F b f klg :jLsfg{
;s] g g\ . g] s fF cfkm} F n8] s f] ,
Pdfn]nufotsf bnx¿n] gf] ef]6
eg]sf / xfdL;Fu cfjZos ;+Vof
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klg ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dej
ePg . of] ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿sf]
oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]r ;w}Fel/ x'g]
j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] x:tIf]ksf
sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf cGof}n
agfPsf] 5 .
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k| s f/sf v] n x¿n] b] z /
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kb}{ cfPsf]5 . cfh klg of] ;d:of
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
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ax'dtLo k|0ffnL zflGQ / gofF ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f x'g glbg] v]n xf] eGb} cfof} .
Tof] k|so[ fnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L g]sfFn] g}
nTofof] . clxn] klg xfdLn] ;xdltsf]
nflu g} hf]8 ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F} . xfdLn]
;xdltsf] laGb' vf]Hb} hfFbf Pdfn]sf
emngfy vgfnnfO{ ;dy{g ug{ k'Uof}F
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kfpFbf klg lsg v'§f pEofpg ;s]g .
of] ljZjdf gjf}F cfZro{ k|:t't ub}{
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bafadf pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnof] . d'Vo
wf]sf To;}df 5 . clxn] klg ;donfO{
k5fl8 ws]n]/ if8\oGqsf] tfgfafgf
a'Gg] ;f]r 5 . Pdfn] gf] ef]6sf gf/fdf
cl8g], sfFu|]; cfˆgf] ax'dt slxn}
k'¥ofpg g;Sg], cGo bnx¿nfO{ klg
ldNg glbg] of] s:fsf] v]n xf] . ;do
laTb} hfG5 / :ki6 klg x'Fb} hfG5 .
of] k'/fgf] ;+;bLo kl/kf6L / k'/fgf]
lrGtgsf sf/0fn] g} hgtfn] wf]sf
kfO/x]sf 5g\ .
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v]nsf] sf/0fn] zflGQ / gofF
;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf] sfd st}
cf] e m] n df t kb} { g <
;a} kf6L{x¿n] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj
u/] / ;Qfdf a:g rfxgf /fVg'
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u:æsfxLF gePsf] hfqf xf8LF ufpFdf
eg]em}FÆ eO/x]sf] 5 . oxfF hgtfn]
k|bfg u/]sf] ;fOhcg';f/ ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ agfpg :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP
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kf6L{x¿sf] ;fOh g]kfnL hgtfn] eGbf
ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|n] lbg] u/]sf] 5 .
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kg]{ ub{5 . clxn] oyfl:yltjfbL
sfFu|]; / Pdfn]leqsf] Pp6f u'6
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JolQmjfbL :jfy{, kbnf]n'k k|j[lQ,
ljb]zLx¿;Fusf] rfs8L, cfly{s
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k' / fgf] ;+ o GqnfO{ l6sfO/fVg /
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cfh ;fdGtL ju{ sdhf]/ eP klg
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xftdf ePsfn] gofF ;+ljwfg n]vL
b]zdf /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs,
;f+ : s[ l tdf cfd" n kl/jt{ g ug] {
rfxFbg} . a? kl/jt{gsfdL zlQmnfO{
bdg ug] { lj:tf/jfbL x} s d /
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Tof] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpglt/
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zlQm of] rfxG5 ls s'g} klg xfntdf
of] b]zdf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf
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s7\k'tnL ;/sf/ agfpg rfxG5 .
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ckgfpg ;S5g\ . of] @! cf} F
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c;kmn eof] .
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sf] lhDd]jf/ g]tf / ;ef;b\
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d]xgt u¥of}F . t/ Tof] s'/f sfFu|]; /
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;xdlt h'6fpg lbPg . k|lqmof
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xfd|f] kf6L{sf] rfxgf lyof] . Pdfn]
kf6L{ b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/
agfpg % a'4F ] ;xdlt cfˆg} kf6L{df
u¥of] . Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfnn]
gfdfjnL;lxtsf] $)! hgfsf]
x:tfIf/ a'emfpg] eGg] lg0f{o u¥of] .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] @#& hgfn] Pdfn]nfO{
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s' / f lsg ePg . To;kl5 klg
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cWoIf emngfysf] kIfdf dt lbg'
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t/ Pdfnn] pDd]bf/L g} lemlslbof] .
olb Tof] glems]sf] eP b'O{ ltxfO{
ax'dtn] emngfyn] lhTbYo] . kl5
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sf/0fn] of] hl6ntf ylkPsf] 5 .
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csf{sf] 3/ klg /fVb}g\ eg]em}F u¥of] .
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lhTg' x' G 5 <
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cWoIfn] lhTg' x'G5 . cl:t g} 6'ËL
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clNemPsf] xf] .
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k'¥ofpg'k5{ . t/, gofF ;+ljwfg
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kl/j{tgsf afWosf/L ;dy{sx¿sf]
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lbg rfxG5' . ;w}F hgtfsf] kIfdf
snd rnfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . lg/Gt/
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s'g} l;Gsf] klg efFrs ] f] b]lvPg . sl/a–sl/a b'O{ ltxfOsf] lgs6 k'us
laxfg;Dd ;dy{g lbg]x¿ ;xdltsf] @–$ 306f glaTb} lsg / s;sf] sf/0fn]
] f emngfynfO{
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af]nL x'g\ < g]kfnL hgtfn] To;sf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 eg] Tof]
;/f;/ uNtL x'g5 ] . g]kfndf zflGt Pj+ cl:y/tf grfxg] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf]
:jtGq cl:tTjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ cb[Zo zlQmn] xfd|f g]tfx¿nfO{ s]–s] af]Ng
nufpFbf]/x]5 eGg] ;bgleqsf] gf6s x]bf{ g]kfnL hgtfn] ga'‰g] s'/} ePg .
g]kfnsf] cl:tTjdfly ;w}F jqmb[li6n] x]gx{] ¿ b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ax'dt k'Ug} nfUbf klg
Pdfn]leqs} :jgfdwGo g]tfx¿n] To;nfO{ c;kmn agfO5f8] . cflv/ of] ;a}
gf6s cfˆg} g]tfk|ltsf] k|ltzf]wsf] nflu dfq geP/ b]znfO{ eLif0f u[xo'4df
km;fP/ lgn{Hh¿kdf zf;g ug]{ jxfgfdf ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] cflzifdf afFRg] bf;
dfgl;stfsf pkh dfq x'g\ . To;}n] pgsf] jf:tljs åGå eg]sf] /fi6«jfbL /
k|ultzLnx¿ Psftkm{ / ljkIfdf blIf0fkGyL, oyfl:yltjfbLx¿aLrsf] xf] . To;}n]
sf]–stf nfu] sf]–stf 5g\ / s;–s;n] b]znfO{ of] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg sDd/
s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\, g]kfnL hgtfn] a'em]sf dfq xf]Og, ca qmdzM ju{lsQfsf]
klxrfg klg x'bF } uO/x]sf] 5 .
clxn] ef/tLo s[kfdf g]kfndf /hfOF ug{ kfOG5 ls egL lbjf:jKgf afF8g\ x] ¿
ef/tLo k};fsf] cf8df ;LdfjtL{ If]q / /fhwfgLdf k};fsf] vf]nf] aufOFb5 } .
cf}sft x]//] s;nfO{ slt lbg], s;/L k};f afF8g\ ] oL ;a} s'sT[ on] :jfledfgnfO{
k/flht u/fOG5 eGg] dfgl;stf af]ss ] fx¿ oxL wGwfdf lgdf{0f ug{ ljleGg
kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ wDsL Pj+ k|nf]eg lbFb5 } g\ . h;sf] ;+st] kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n]
dflg;s]sf 5g\ . ;bgsf] k|ToIf k|;f/0f x]bf{ uha nfUbf] b[Zo b]lvPsf] lyof] . Ps
dw]z Ps k|bz ] eGg]x¿ dfq xf]Og, sltko k|ultzLn / jfdkGyL eGg]x¿ s;/L
!*) l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf PsfPs kms{g ;s] . xfF;f] nfUbf] dfq xf]Og, o;/L xfdLx¿
s;/L qmdzM ktg x'bF } uO/x]sf 5f},F b[Zon] lg/fz agfO/x]sf] lyof] . dw];jfbL
df]rf{n] /fv]sf ;t{x¿ klg lg/y{s lyP . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{n]
hgtf;fd' k]; u/]sf 3f]if0ffkqx¿ / clxn];Ddsf Jojxf/n] dw];sf] ;Daf]wgdf
s;n] s] u/]sf] 5, To;sf] cWoogaf6 dw];sf] ;DaGwdf tLg 7"nf kf6L{n] u/]sf]
Jojxf/n] sf]–sf] pko'Qm 5g\, clxn];Dd n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] dw];sf
;d:ofnfO{ s;n] ;Daf]wg ub{5 eGg] kv{gs ' f] ;§f k|:6} ePsf s'/f jxfgfafhL
ug'{ gf}6ÍL l;jfo s]xL xf]Og . dw];sf ;d:of ;a}sf ;femf ;d:of x'g\ . tL ;a}
:jfledfgLk"js { ;dfwfg x'gk} b{5 . ha–ha ;/sf/ aGg yfN5, ta–ta dw];L
g]tfx¿ dw];sf ;d:of NofpF5g\, ha pgLx¿ ;/sf/df hfG5g\ ta–ta oL
;d:of cf]em]n dfq kb}g{ g\, dw];L kf6L{x¿ r'OSF s;Dd af]Nb}gg\ . k|foM dw];sf
;fdGtx¿sf] /hfOFdf kf6L{sf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'G5, pgLx¿sf] af]njfnf /lx/xG5,
ta;Dd oyfy{tfdf dw];sf] lyrf]ldrf]df vf;} leGgtf /xg] 5}g ta;Dd dw];sf]
lje]bn] d'lQm kfpg] 5}g . s0ff{nLsf g]tfnfO{ vfBfGg / Kn]g l6s6n] g]tf
agfPh:t} dw];sf g]tfx¿nfO{ gful/stfn] g]tf agfPh:t} ca Tof] ;d:of g/x]
klg Pp6f g Pp6f jxfgf agfpFb} /fd|f–/fd|f] dfnbf/ dGqfno xTofpg] afgL
5'6s ] f] 5}g . dw];Lx¿n] xTofpg dfq hfGg] xf] eg] ltgLx¿n] cem} a'‰bf x'G5
km]l/ r'gfj x'G5 / xfdLx¿ klg gflËg] 5f}F eg]/ . To:t} s'sT[ o x'bF } uof] eg] gflËg]
lbgx¿ Tolt 6f9f 5}gg\ . ctM d"No, dfGotf, cfbz{sf] /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] eg]
dw];, lxdfn, kxf8 hxfFsf hgtfsf] klg lyrf]ldrf], zf]if0f, bdg p:t} x'g\ .
To;nfO{ ;a}n] lrg'k{ b{5 .
;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] nflu sfFu; ]| nufot Pdfn]sf] ef/tk/:t Pp6f hTyf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ To;sf] afwssf] ¿kdf lnFb} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gful/s kf6L{ x'g ;'emfj
lbFb5
} . gful/s kf6L{sf] vf; cy{ klg nufpFbg} . ;f]emf] cy{df gful/s kf6L{ eP/ g}
gful/ssf] dg lhTg ;s]/ g} ;+;b\df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn P= dfcf]jfbL g} xf] .
r'gfjdf lhTg g;s]sf hTyfx¿n] dfq dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gful/s kf6L{ ePsf] :jLsfb}g{ g\ .
hxfF;Dd hg;]gfsf] s'/f 5 tL hg;]gfx¿ lxhf] dfcf]jfbLsf n8fs' lyP, h;n]
!)–!@ jif{df hgtfsf kIfdf k|f0fnfO{ afhL nufP ltgLx¿ clxn] ;/sf/sf]
tnaeQf vfFb5 } g\ . To; cy{df ltgLx¿ clxn] ;femf x'g\ . To;}n] hgtfsf kIfdf
af]ns ] f, n8]sfx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf dfq x'g\ egL eGb} hfg] xf] eg] ltdLx¿ ef]ln
klg dfcf]jfbLsf dfq lsg gx'g] < sf]–s;sf] kIfdf 5g\ eg]/ s;nfO{ yfxf <
g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gf cflv/ g]kfnL g} x'g\ . g]kfnL x'gs ' f] gftfn] s'g} kf6L{nfO{
ef]6 lbg' pgLx¿sf] s] ck/fw xf] / < To;}n] gful/s kf6L{ jg eGg] ;'emfj lsdfy{
pko'Qm 5}g . log} hgtfsf ;]gfn] ;xof]u gu/]sf] eP g]kfndf u0ftGq ;kmn
x'GYof] x'GgYof], g]kfnL hgtfn] a'em]sf 5g\ . Pdfn] / sfFu; ]| sf k|foM k/flhtx¿n]
dfq To:tf] cleJolQm lbO/x]sf 5g\ . lsgeg] ca Pdfn] / sfFu; ]| sf] hgtfk|lt
ljZjf;eGbf g]kfndf rnv]n ug]{ ljb]zLx¿k|lt elQmefj a9L /fVb5g\ / cfˆgf]
cl:tTj /Iffsf] vf]hLdf pgLx¿df a9L cfl>t 5g\ .
ctM k|wfgdGqL rogsf] dl~rt gf6s x]bf{ ;fgfb]lv 7"nf bndf b]lvPsf]
;}4flGts ;jfn dfq xf]Og, ljb]zL bf;tfsf] k|:6 bfu b]lvGYof] . emngfyhLnfO{
k|wfgdGqL x'gaf6 jl~rt u/fpFbf ef/bf/ tf]lsPsf c3f]lift pDd]bjf/ k/flht
x'g] dfq lyof] . t/, ;f/df s'g} leGgtf xf]nfh:tf] nfUb}g . t/, klg ef/tLox¿nfO{
xfg'{ lyPg . xf/]df To;sf] c;/ eljiodf kg]{ ePaf6 ef/t To;f] x'g glbg]
kIfdf lyPg . To;}n] pgLx¿ k|of]u u/ / kmfneGbf klg eljiodf gsf/fTds
k|efj gk/f];\ / :jfledfgeGbf u'nfdL ug]s { f] ;+Vof yKg' lyof] . To:t} oxfFsf
ef/tn] eQf afF8s ] fx¿ slt akmfbf/ 5g\ egL k/LIf0f ug'{ lyof], ef/tnfO{ .
e'6fgLs/0f ePsf] jt{dfg g]kfn l;lSsdLs/0f ug{ ;s]g, ;s] eljiodf aGg]
ef/tLo of]hgfsf] d"Nof+sg ;dLIff klg ug'{ lyof] . To;}n] ef/tn] cfˆgf] of]hgfnfO{
s;/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 egL n]vfhf]vf u/]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] :jfledfgL
g]kfnL /fi6«jfbLx¿ ef/tLo pTkL8gsf] nflu Ps 7fpFdf pleg} kb{5 . s;–
s;n] ef/tLo g'gsf] u'g lt/]sf 5g\ < ;a}n] 5n{Ë yfxf kfP . To;/L ef/tLox¿sf]
bf; xfdLx¿ slxn];Dd x'g] . g]tfsf] 5lj laufb]n { f, kf6L{ k'm6fOb]nf, ;Qfdf
cfpg gb]nf eGb} pgLx¿sf] u'nfd aGb} uof] eg] s'g lbg ef/tLo ;]gfn]
g]kfndf k/]8 v]Ng] x'g\ lrGtf o;}sf] xf] . % ut] / & ut]sf] gf6s o:t} eof] .