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lj:tf/ u/]/ ;d[l4sf] ;kgf k'/f
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gDa/ ^ b]lj:yfgdf ;+rflnt
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g;s]/ ut z'qmaf/ ls;fgx?n]
kf]Vg afWo ePsf 5g\  .b'O{ lbgdf
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c+s ## r k"0ff{+sM ^^!
;d[l4sf] 9f]sf vf]lng] eg]/ ck]Iff
ubf{ of]hgfsf nflu cfwf/e"t
?kdf rflxg] ;"rgf s]Gb| agfpg
klg dGqfnox? ;Ifd b]lvPsf
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cfof]ux? k|fyflds ;"rgfsf
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ko{6sLo ahf/sf] efG5fdf clt
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kxf8L agkfvfdf kfO{g] jg:klt
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af]Sg] pBdLx?n] l6d'/ v]lt u/]/
dgUu] sdfpg] ;Defjgf /x]sfn]
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clws[t sdn nD;fnn] hgfPsf
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h8La'6L ljsf; sfo{qmd
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klg ahf/df k'¥ofpg g;s]kl5 b'w
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k7fpb} cfPsf] b'w ;8s ca?4
x'bf k7fpg g;lsPsf] e'iffnn]
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(Agrarian News Letter)
ljsf;d"ns va/klqsf
News Letter)
r kf]  v/ f, @)&& c;f]h % ut] ;f]daf/   r
ufpFkflnsfsf s[lif zfvfn]
hgfPsf] 5 . DofUbL 3tfgsf]
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jg ;d"xsf pkef]Qmfn] ;fd"lxs
l6d'/v]tL u/]sf 5g\ .
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lbPsf] DofUbLdf l6d'/ v]lt ;~hfn
klg u7g ePsf] 5  .;~hfn
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8]l/df b'w hDdf u/]sf] t/ ;8s
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b'w kf]Vg'k/]sf] :yfgLo s[ifs
dx]z l3ld/]n] atfP  . klx/f]n]
af6f] ca?4 ePkl5 b'Olbg;Dd
ls;fgx¿n] b'w ;+sng gu/]sf] t/
j8fsf hgk|ltlglw / ;xsf/Lsf
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u/]sf 5g\  .tf]/LkfgLsf] ;fy},
g]K6]rf}/, :ofgLv]t, sfpn]uf}8f,
eujtL, gf/Rofª, j]u, lkKn],
tfsd, b/jfª / d'bL l6d'/ v]tLsf
nflu ks]6 If]q x'g\  .c;f]h–
sflQs dlxgf l6d'/ l6Kg] pko'Qm
;do xf]  .ut jif{sf] cl;gf
jiff{n] Iflt k'of{Psf sf/0f of] jif{
l6d'/ pTkfbgdf x«f; cfPsf] jg
sfof{nosf ;"rgf clwsf/L gljg
ljZjsdf{n] hgfPsf 5g\  .
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a]gf{ pTkfbgdf afun'ªsf] h}ldgL
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;'rf? ug]{ ;xdlt eP/ b'w ahf/df
k7fpg] cfzfn] ;+sng u/]sf] ePklg
k7fpg gkfPkl5 b'w lau|LP/ kf]Vg'kbf{
b'v nfu]sf] pgn] u'gf;f] u/] .
ca?4 ;8s a]nd} f ;'rf? ug{
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sf/0f 7'nf] gf]S;fgL a]xf]gk'{ /]sf] b'w
pTkfbs b]lj:yfgsf ls;fg 8f]n/fh
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ug]{ pgn] atfP .
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cfj4 5g\   .nuftf/sf] aiff{ ;Fu}
cfPsf] afl9klx/f]af6 kmn]jf;
gu/kflnsf ljleGg ;8s cj?4
5g\  . ;8s dd{t ug{ :yfgLo
;/sf/ ;Fu k6s–k6s cg'/f]w ubf{
klg gu/kflnsfn] ;s8 v'nfpg
cfn6fn u/]sf] :yfgLosf] u'gf;f]
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atfP  .gu/kflnsfn] b'w kf]Vg
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v]lt u/]sf 5g\ eGg] cfFs8f Plsg
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la?jf nufO;s]sf OndLx?n]
kl/>dL s[i0fsf hful/nf s'/f
r uf]kfn lh6L ÷cf/;L 6fOD;
jflnË, c;f]h %
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;don] slxNo} 5]Sb}g eGg] pbfx/0f
ag]sf 5g\ :ofª\hf aoF/3f/Lsf
s[i0faxfb'/ clwsf/L  . ^% cf}+
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jif{ / @)$$ b]lv bzjif{ lhNnf
jg sfof{no :ofª\hfdf hfuL/]
agfof]  . hflu/sf] qmddf ToxfFsf
k|fljlwsaf6 kfPsf]] ;'emfjn] g;{/L
s[ifs ag]sf] pgn] atfP  .eL/sf]6
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/—@, ef/yfgdf
/x]sf] clwsf/Lsf] zflGt kmnk"mn
g;{/L Joj;fon] cfh lhNnf s}
;kmn g;{/L Joj;foL s[ifssf]
?kdf lrgfPsf] 5  .pgsf] g;{/Ldf
df};dL tyf a]df};dL t/sf/Lsf ;fy}
kmnk'm\ n / 3fF;sf la?jfx? pTkfbg
x'G5g\  .clwsf/Lsf la?jf :ofª\hfsf
;fy} sf:sL, kj{t / jfUn'ª;Dd
k'Ug] u/]sf 5g\  .tLg bzs;Dd
clwsf/Lsf] hLjg oxL Joj;fodf
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nflu k|/] 0ffsf] >f]t ag]sf] 5 .
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e"ldn] lbPsf] j/bfgnfO{ pkof]u
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u/]sf] cu'jf s[ifs cho tfdfËn]
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nufO;s]sf] / cjsf] # jif{ kl5
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kj{tsf] ljxfbLsf] p/fdsf @%
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e'iffnn] hgfPsf 5g\  .o;}ul/
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lxn]vs{sf *@ ls;fgn] !( xhf/
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jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3sf u08sL
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cfof]  . clxn] ^% cf}+ j;Gt kf/
ul/;Sbf pd]/ %) lt/sf] e}lbP x'GYof]
eGg] nflu/x]sf] atfpg] clwsf/Lsf]
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/ rLof tyf dznf jfnLsf ;Defjgf vf]Hb} ls;fgx? ;+rfng vr{sf] ef/ dfq w]/}
b]lvG5  .cfhef]nL t s[lifk|;f/
cn}rL, l6d'/ / cb'jf, v';f{gL / n;'g v]ltdf pT;fxlt ePsf
tyf e]6]g/L ;]jfdf klg ;/sf/L
5g\  .cjsf ls;fgx? j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] k|]/0ffn] k|fBf}uLs sfof{no eGbf Pu|f]e]6 sDkgLx?
s[lifsf] k|oTgdf nfUg yfn]sfn] k|b]lzs ;/sf/n] s[lif pBd xfjL ePsf 5g\  .s[lifn] l;kmfl/;
ug{ gEofPsf] kz'gZn, bfgf,
/ ahf/ ;gt'ngsf ;afndf :yfgut ;"rgfdf r':t b'?:t
cf}ifwL, jLp tyf cf}hf/sf]
x'g' / cfjlws b|'t /0fgLt tyf bLuf] ljsf;sf sfObfx? k|rf/k|;f/ Pu|f]e]6 ;]jf k|bfos
th'{df ug'{ kg]{ vfrf] /x]sf] 5  .o;sf nflu gful/sx?df Jofkf/Ln] ufpsf] s'gfs'gf ;Dd
u/L;s]sf x'G5g\   .Sjf/]06fog
cEof;x'b} uPsf s[lif pBd / cEof;sf sfObf tyf ahf/
sfg'gsf] pkof]u ug{ klg
;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf tyf cfk'lt{sf] ef/ ljZn]if0fsf] k|oTg s[lifk|fljlwsx?sf] xftv'6\6f
ug{sf nflu k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] Wofg k'Ug' h?/L 5  . v's'nf] x'b}g  .ls;fgn] klg s[lif
j]j;fO6 agfpg' k/]df ;Demg} kg{] 7fpF
j]ak]h g]kfn Go"/f]8, kf]v/f kmf]gM )^!– %#@#)%, (*)!!@^^(&
;ftfsf] ax; @)&& c;f]h % ut] ;f]daf/   @
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cGg k|;f]wg pBf]u / ahf/Ls/0f
nufgLsf] k|ltkmn dfkg pBf]udf ;/x ul/g'kYof{] . ;j}sf] Joj:yfkg Pp6} 5fgfdf
l;rfO{ tyf s[lif ;8s h:tf l:y/;+/rgfdf x'g] nufgLsf] ;s[o ljefuaf6 x'g cfj:os
lyof] . l;rfO{ k|flws/0faf6
k|ltkmn dfkg ug{] cfwf/ s[lif pTkfbgdf x'g] l;dfGtj[l4 x'g cfj:os lyof]  . s[ifssf]
x'g'kYof{]  . afFw, gx/, ;8s tyf ahf/;+/rgf h:tf >dzlQmnfO{ ;Dj[l4sf] cfwf/
agfpg Pp6} ;+u7g agfpg' kg{]df
l:y/ k|s[ltsf nufgL kl/of]hgf th'{df ubf{ cfGtl/s xfdLn] jLpk"FhLdf g} x:tIf]k ug{]
k|ltkmn b/ / nufgL tyf k|ltkmn cg'kft cg'dfg u/]/ u'Ktp2]Zo ;lxt k[ys k[ys
sfof{nox?sf] :yfkgf u/]/
g} /fHon] nufgLsf] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ xf]  .t/=== ;/sf/L vr{df ef/ yKof}  .To;}n]
ubf{ xfdLn] ;Dj[l4sf] dfu{ ;dfpg
k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfx eGbf ahf/sf] s[lif k|fljlwsnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] lgsfosf] ;j{yf ;s]gf}  .
xNnfdf w]/} ljZjf; u/]sf] h:tf] eGbf g]kfn ;/sf/n] s[lifnfO{ cefj x'G5  . kf]v/fsf] kfbL{ clxn] xfdLn] ;+3Lo nf]stGq
b]lvG5 . pBdsf] ?kdf glnPsf] ts{ k|:t't tyf ;]tL gx/sf] Joj:yfkgdf cGt/ut k|b]z tyf :yfgLo
;/sf/sf] cEof; ug{ kfPsf 5f} .
s[lifk|;f/df ;fdflhs ;~hfn / ug{ nlIft 5 . clejfjsLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{]
lgsfosf] cefj o;sf] HjnGt k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;+/rgfdf klg
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] k|efj hd]sf] Jofj;flos xf];\ jf lgjf{xd'vL,
5  . To;dfly Jofj;flos s[lifsf] s[lifdf ul/g] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn pbfx/0f xf]   .lt gx/x?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/s} h:tf] u/]/ s[lif
gfddf /fhg}lts kx'Frsf] cfwf/df dfkg pBf]udf ;/x ul/ 9n lgsf;sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ;8s, l;rfO{ / s[lifnfO{ k[ys
k[ys dGqfnoaf6 ;~rfng
cfkmGtx?nfO{ k"lhcg'bfg pknAw g'kYof{]    .l;rfO{ tyf s[lif agfO{Psf xf]O{gg\ , g t lglhIf]qsf]
ug{ nfUg] xf] eg] ;fljssf]
u/fpg] sd{sf08 ;DkGg ug{] ;8s h:tf l:y/;+/rgfdf phf{ pTkfbs sDkgLnfO{ cj;/
lhDd]jf/L s[lif ljefu cGt/utsf x'g] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn dfkg lbg agfO{Psf x'g\  .Toxf jUg] /f]u g} alNemG5   . l;rfO{
sfof{nosf] lhDdfdf yf]kl/P kl5 ug{] cfwf/ s[lif pTkfbgdf x'g] kfgLsf] pkof]u s[lif pTkfbgdf ljefun] ;DkGg u/]sf ;Dk"0f{
cfof]hgfx?sf] x|f;s6\6L 36fP/
s[lif k|fljlwsx? Pu|f]e]6 Jofkf/L l;dfGtj[l4 x'g'kYof{]  .afFw, gx/, g} x'g cfj:os lyof]  .t/ s]
v'bnfutsf] n]vf cWofjlws
/ /fhgLltsdL{ ljrsf] ljrf}nLof ;8s tyf ahf/;+/rgf h:tf ug{] < of]hgfsfndf l;rfO{ k|wfg
ag]/ k|fylds pTkfbs / clGtd l:y/ k|s[ltsf nufgL kl/of]hgf ePsf lo b'j} kl/of]hgfx?sf] u/]sf] xf]nf  . jt{dfg d"Nodf
pkef]Qmfx?sf] xTof ug{] ju/] h:t} th'{df ubf{ cfGtl/s k|ltkmn xfnsf] pkof]u phf{ pTkfbg lt ;j} ;+/rgfx?nfO{ k|fb]lzs
s[lif dGqfnodf x:tfGt/0f ug{]
aGg k'u]sf b]lvG5g\  . b/ / nufgL / k|ltkmn cg'kft k|wfg b]lvPsf] 5  .Tof] klg
jf s[lifsf ;Dk"0f{ sfof{nox?
s[lif cy{zf:q / k|ljlw cg'dfg u/]/ g} /fHon] nufgLsf] ckf/bzL{ tj/n]  .zx/Ls/0fsf]
cg';Gwfgsf] dd{ ljkl/t lg0f{o u5{  .:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL glthf :j?k k/Ljt{g ePsf] aGb u/]/ df}h'bf hgzlQm dWo
st{Jolgi6 s[lif k|fljlwsn] ljQLo;:yfaf6 shf{ ;xof]u lnP/ e"pkof]un] lt kl/of]hgfx?sf] s]xLnfO{ l;rfO{ sfof{no /
/fhgLltsdL{ / Jofkf/Lsf] clei6 To:tf] ;+/rgf agfpbf t l;rfO{ pkof]unfO{ uf}0f agfPsf] afFsL s]xLnfO{ s[lif cg';Gwfg
s]Gb|x?df :yfgfGt/0f u/]/
k"0f{ ug{ cfk\mgf] 1fg / g}ltstfnfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] ljQLo ljZn]if0fnfO{ 5  .lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 l;rfO{
ltnf~hnL lbg'kg{] cj:yfnfO{ lg0f{osf] k|d'v cfwf/ agfO{g' ljefusf] sfd ;lsof]   .s[lif l;rfO{ cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|flws/0f
krfpg d'l:sn x'g] /x]5  .g]kfn g} k5{  .To:tf] ;+/rgfdf z]o/ ljefunfO{ gx/df ePsf] nufgL cjwf/0ffdf ;+rfng ubf{ kfgLsf]
s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] lgldQ ljZjsf] ahf/ cfslif{t u/fpg] nIfdf t p7fpg afWotf 5}g  .p:nfO{ s[lif pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;lsGYof]
xf]nf  . bf]>f] ljsNkdf df}h'bf
pTs[i6 :yfg x'Fbfx'b} klg s[lif tyf ljQLo ljZn]if0fsf] dxTj Psbd pTkfbgsf] nIf lbO{Psf] 5   .hxfFaf6
kz' lj1fgdf pRrlzIff k|fKt u/]sf prfO{df x'G5  .hgtfaf6 p7fO{Psf] u/]klg x'G5 , To} hUufdf x'g'k5{ l;rfO{ kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ l;rfO{
k|ltef knfog x'g'df oxL g} k|d'v s/;|f]taf6 To:tf ;+/rgf agfO{G5 eGg] 5}g  .kl/of]hgfn] agfO{lbPsf] pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xsf/L ;:yf u7g
sf/0f xf]  . eg]klg pTkfbsTj dfkg ug{} k5{ . gx/s} ;b'kof]u u/fpg] jfWotf u/]/ x:tfGt/0f ug{] / ;xsf/L
;:yf dftxt g} s[lif k|fljlwssf]
s[lif k|fljlwsn] cfk\mgf] k|ltef t/ xfdLnfO{ g]kfndf ;DkGg p:nfO{ 5}g  .lsgeg] p:sf] n]vf
k|bz{g ug{] pj{/e"ld g]kfndf k|fKt s[lif ;8s tyf l;rfO{ kl/of]hgf k|0ffnLdf gx/ / ;8sdf ePsf] b/jGbL ;[hgf u/]/ ;xsf/L :jo+
ug{ ;s]gg\  .tfO{jfg\, yfO{Nof08, th'{df ubf{ Tof] cg'zf;gsf] kfng nufgL ;dfj]; g} 5}g  .p ;+u ;Ifd geO{~h]n s[lif k|fljlws vr{
cd]/Lsf, j]nfot, g]b/Nof08, ePsf] h:tf] nfu]g  .km/Dof6sf] l;+lrt\e"ldsf] tYofÍ 5, t/ n]vf cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fpbf klg
l;rfO{ cfof]hgfx?sf] pTkfbsTj
ci6«]nLof, hfkfgsf ljZjljBfno cfwf/df Tof] cg'zf;gsf] kfngf 5}g . pTkfbg nlIft dGqfno tyf
tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|df pTs[i6 ePsf] xf]nf, t/ To:tf] ljZn]if0f ljefux? lgoGq0f eGbf k|j4{gd'vL a9fpg ;lsGYof] xf]nf  .h'g;'s}
k|ltef b]vfO{ ;s]sf g]kfnLd"nsf ubf{ k|fylds ;"rgfdf g} j]O{dfgL x'g cfj:os lyof]  .cfwf/txdf ljsNk k|of]u ePklg pBf]u ;/x
s[lif k|fljlwsx?n] ;d]t cfk\mgf] ePsf] ;+s]t kfO{Psf] 5  .pbfx/0f, s[ofzLn kl/>dL tyf l;NkL l;rfO{ / s[lifsf] Plss[t pkof]u
ug{ :jfldTj klg Plss[t x'g
dft[e"ldsf] lgldQ sfd ug{ ;Sg] To:tf ;+/rgfsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ju{nfO{ kl/rfng u/]/ k|fs[lts
jftfj/0f kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\   .s[lif ubf{ leGbfleGb} dGqfno tyf >f]tsf] d"Noclej[l4 ubf{ dfq cfj:os x'G5  .Ifl0fs nfesf]
ljefusf] s'/} 5f8f} plgx?nfO{ ljefu ;+nUg u/fO{ of]hgf th'{df b]z ;Da[l4sf] dfu{df rNg lgldQ lxhf]sf] lbgdf h] ePklg
s[lif tyf jg ljZjljBfnodf ubf{ b]vL g} e|i6«frf/sf] x+; k|j]z ;'? ug{] lyof]  . o:sf] lgldQ ef]nLsf] lgldQ ;+/rgfTds
;'wf/sf] cfj:ostf b]lvPsf]
;d]t k|j]z ug{] 9f]sf /flvPsf] u/fO{G5  .Pp6f ljefun] lgdf{0f s[lif tyf pBf]usf] k|j4{g
5}g  .lzIff / cg';Gwfgdf t s[lif ;DkGg u/]/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ g} d"nfwf/ x'GYof]   .s[lifaf6 5  . l;+lrt v]tsf] pTkfbsTj
k|fljlwsnfO{ t v's'nf] cj:yf x:tfGt/0f u/L s[lif ljefunfO{ ;Dj[l4sf] 9f]sf p3fg{ prfO{sf] j[l4 ug{ s[lif ljQsf] k|fjwfg
5}g eg] hgtf;+u k|tIf ;Dks{ s]jn k|ljlw k|;f/0fdf dfq l;ldt sf/0fn] rf]vf] dfgLPsf] kfgLdf ;lxt k|flws/0f z}nLdf l;rfO{nfO{
Joj:yfkg ug{ jx; ug{] j]nf ePg
x'g] sfof{nodf k|ltef k|bz{g ug{] u/LG5 eg] To:tf ;+/rgfx?sf] cGt/lglxt cf}iflw u'0fnfO{
cj;/ s:tf] xf]nf < cfhsf] jx; pTkfbsTj Joj:yfkgdf g]t[TjbfoL cGgjGbL u/]/ ljZj jhf/df /<
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:yfgLo ljsf; / ;'zf;g @)&& c;f]h % ut] ;f]daf/   %

ufpF 3 /df /} y fg] s' v ' / fkfng a9\ o f]
r dx]Gb| s];L ÷cf/;L 6fOD; If]qLn] atfP .
kj{t, c;f]h % s'Zdfs} dgf]h
If]qLn] @ s/f]8sf] nufgLdf
sf]/f]gfsf] dxfdf/Lsf aLr Xofr/L ;lxtsf] kmfd{
lhNnfdf :yfgLo k|hftLsf g} vf]n]/ nf]sn s'v'/f,
nf]sn s'v'/fsf] Joj;foLs ags'v'/f –sflnh_,ss{gfy,
kfngdf :yfgLo o'jfx? 6sL{ nufotsf s'v'/f kfn]sf
;lqmo ?kdf nflu k/]sf 5g\  .cfkm} rNnf pTkfbg /
5g\  .k|ltuf]6f efn] @ xhf/ ljls|ljt/0f klg ub}{ cfPsf
kfFr ;o / kf]yL @ xhf/ 5g\   .nf]sn s'v'/fdf
?k}ofFdf ljlqm x'g] ePkl5 kl5Nnf] ;do dfu a9\b}
:yfgLo o'jfx? nf]sn s'v'/f uPsf] / sltko :yfgLo txn]
kfngdf ;lqmo ag]sf x'g\ . ;'Ts]/L;Fu pkfWoIf sfo{qmd
vfFbf ld7f], ;dodf ljs]g g} rnfPsf] / ;f] sfo{qmddf
eGg] lrGtf / 8/ klg sd nf]sn s'v'/f lbg] u/]sf
ePsf sf/0f :yfgLo sf/0f klg nf]sn s'v'/fsf]
k|hfltsf s'v'/f kfngdf dfu kj{tdf al9/x]sf] 5 .
:yfgLo o'jfx? ;lqmo ?kdf :yfgLo k|hftLsf
nflu k/]sf 5g\  .:yfgLo s'v'/fsf] dfu kl5Nnf]
txn] :yfgLo kz'k+IfLsf] ;dodf tf/] xf]6n, xf]d:6]df
;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cjwf/0ff klg al9/x]sf sf/0f o'jfx?
klg NofPsf 5g\ eg] cg'bfg nf]sns'v'/fsf] Joj;fodf
klg lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . xf]ldPsf x'g\  .
;/sf/L rf;f]df vf;} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
v's'/f kfNg yfn]sf] b'uf{ ug'{kg]{ s'g} 8/ gePsf sf/0f clxn] af]On/, nf]sns'v'/f / ;+Vofdf nf]sn s'v'/f kfn]/ ljif]z u/L xf]6n
gk/]klg df;' kf/vLx?sf] lhNnfsf blIf0f e]udf /x]sf
kf}8]nn] atfP  .pgn] ut kfNg ;lhnf] ePsf] pgL afv|f klg kfn]sf 5g\ . cfDbfgL u/]sf If]qLn] ahf/ ;~rfnsx?n] nf]sn s'v'/f
nfuL :jflbi7 x'g] , cufgL{s lszf]/Lx?nfO{ nlIft u/L
jif{ kfFr;o af]On/ s'v'/f atfpF5g\  .af]On/ s'v'/f $% If]qdf dfu a9];Fu} clxn] 3/d} cfP/ nUg] / ;'Ts]/L
dfgLg] x"Fbf dfu a9]kl5 s'v'/fkfng Joj;fonfO{
kfn]/ a]r]sf] lyP eg] of] lbgdf ljls| geP/ tf}n sd sf]O{n/ / jf]O{n/sf] ahf/df ;+Vof a9fP/ ;o k'¥ofPsf] ue{jtLsf] nflu klg nf]sn
kj{ts o'jfx?n] nf]sn cuf8L a9fPsf 5g\  .k|lt
jif{klg pgn] b'O{ ;o s'v'/f x'g] / bfgfsf] vr{ clws a9\g] nf]sn hftsf] s'v/fsf] dfu atfP  .s'Zdf ahf/d} nf]sn s'v'/fsf] dfu a9L /x]sf
s'v/f kfngdf rf;f] b]vfPsf lszf]/L $) j6f lgz'Ns
a]lr;s]sf 5g\ . ePsf sf/0f gf]S;fgLsf] a9L /fd|f] ePkl5 clxn] oxfFsf s'v'/fsf] kmfd{ vf]n]sf pgnfO{ sf/0f Joj;fodf nfuL/x]sf]
x'g   .df]bL ufpFkflnsf v8\s s'v'/fsf rNnf ljt/0f
nf]sn / af]On/ s'v'/f ePsf] pgL atfpF5g\ . Ps o'jfn] Joj;foLs nf]sn ahf/sf] s'g} cefj gePsf] o'jfn] atfPsf x'g  .
s];L / b'uf{ kf}8]nn] klg nf]sn ub}{ u}}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] klg
kfngdf w]/} km/s x'g] pgn] :yfgLo xfjf kfgLsf x's{g] / hftsf s'v/f kfNg yfn]sf atfP  . nf]sn s'v'/f clxn]
s'v'/fsf] Joj;fo ;+rfng lhNnfdf nf]sn s'v'/fsf]
atfP   .nf]sn s'v'/fn] /f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ;d:of sd x'g  .s'Zdf ;ftsf uf}/j xf]6ndf vkt eO/x]sf] x/fpFb} uPsf] hftsf] hu|]gf
u/]sf 5g\  .af]On/sf] h:tf] pTkfbgdf 6]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf
:yfgLo cGgkft vfg] ePsf x'g] ePkl5 klg o; k|hftLsf] If]qLn] nf]st s'v'/f kfNg 5  .dfunfO{ wfGg g;lsg] ug{ klg cfFkm'x?n] ufpFb]vL
$% lbgdf s'v'/f a]lrxfNg'kg]{ 5g\ .
sf/0f ;lhnf] x'g] / ;dodf s'v/f kfngdf o'jfx? nfUg yfn]sf] Ps jif{ x'g nfu]sf] cj:yf s]lxn] t x'G5 pgn] nf]sn hftsf] s'v'/f ;+sng
lrGtf gx'g] ePsf sf/0f nf]sn
ljls| ePg eg]/ lrGtf yfn]sf] kf}8]nn] atfP  .pgn] 5  .klxnf] n6df krf;sf] ag] . u/]/ w]/}sf] ;+Vofdf kfn]sf]
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l6d' / sf] lj?jf slxn] / s;/L /f] K g] < s[lif ahf/  yf] s d"No ;"rL
kf]v/fdf ;~rflnt s[lif pkh yf]s ahf/sf]  
j: t'ut cf} ift d"No ;"rL
 
 

t/ sf/ LhGo  
 
kmnkm"nhGo÷ljljw
cfhef] l n vfhf k| ; :t dfqfdf 3fd nfUg' s f
ahf/df ddrfsf] cfjZos x' G 5  .;fy} yf] s d"No
 

yf] s d"No
 

nf] s k| L otf;+ u } l6d' / sf] lxp+ b df 708f / udL{ d f j: t'  

-k|lt lsnf] _
 

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5f] k xfn] s f] crf/ / r6gLsf] Gofgf] x' g ] pkf] i 0f / l;tf] i 0f Go"= c= Go"= c=
nf] s k| L otf klg j9] s fn] xfjfkfgL ePsf] If] q of] 95 120 130 160
uf] ne] 8f
   
 :dfkmf{ df :ofpm
l6d' / ;+ s ngaf6 /fd| f ] ;+ u km:6fpg ;S5 . aGbf 65 70 s ]/f 50 60
r' / ] b] l v pRr kxf8L cGo jfnLsf] nflu pko' Q m
   

120 140 100 120

e" u f] n df jghGo pTkfbgsf gePsf] le/ kfvf tyf sfpnL cdnf
?kdf x' g ] l6d' / nfO{ klxnf jnf} 6 ] Pj+ kTyl/nf] df6f] d f e06f 60 100 cgf /  
240 270
g;{ / Ldf a] g f{ tof/Ldf g} o;sf] v] t L /fd| f ] ;+ u ug{ l3pl;ld 130 150 ;'Gtnf 90 100
sl7gfO kg] { / /f] k ] kl5 ;lsG5 . 55 60 80 90
d'nf v/a'hf
:ofxf/ sd ePklg af] 6 df d;nfsf ;fy} ax' 45 50
s/]nf dj ] f 80 90
ePsf clt la;fn' sfF 8 fsf pkof] u L / cf} i flwo u' 0 f  

nf} sf 60 80 gf;klt 30 35
sf/0f l6KgnfO{ lgs} sl7g ePsf] of] kmn ljz] i f u/L  

20 25 58 60
x' g fn] cfwf eGbfal9 kmn crf/, l;:gf] s f] t/sf/L, l3/f}nf cfn'  /ftf ]    

To;} em/] / hfG5  . Rofpsf] kl/sf/ jgfpF b f sFqmf]   

50 70 cfn' ;] tf ]    
55 75
z/L/sf cfF V nf b' V g] , ;{ b L{ o;sf] d;nf clgjfo{ 120 140 68 70
le08L cfn' gLnf ]
nfu] s f 5f/] / f] u nufotsf h:t} dflgG5  .l6d' / sf]
 

c;f/ dlxgf l6d' / x6fO{ lj?jf /f] K g' pko' Q m cfjZostf cg' ; f/ jif{ s f] lrlr08f] 30 40 km;L{ kfs]sf] 35 35
laleGg /f] u sf] cf} i flw, kmn jf] q mf ;Dk" 0 f{ kmn /
/f] K g] pQd ;do xf]    .jg:klt x' g ] dflgG5 . @ k6s uf] 8 d] n ug{ ' clgjfo{ 110 130 25 30
t/sf/LafnL tyf cGg jLpnfO{ bGtd~hg, ;fj' g , af]8L km;L{ xl/of]
e08f/0fdf h} l js ljiffbLsf sfof{ n osf cg' ; f/ lj?jf hf8f] df} ; df j[ I ff/f] k 0f ubf{ dflgG5  .l6d' / v] t L ubf{ cQ/sf] ?kdf k| o f] u 160 180 160 180
e]8]v';f{gL n;'g
?kdf klg l6d' / nfO{ k| o f] u ug{ ! jif{ s f] eP kl5 /f] K g df3, kmfu' 0 f dlxgf pko' Q m o;sf] lj?jf nufPsf] :yfg ul/b} cfOPsf] 140 160 100 130
;lsG5  .cfo' j ] { l bs k| 0 ffnL of] U o dflgG5  .lj?jf /f] K g] dflgG5  .cem Psem/L kfgL jl/k/L sfp;f] v] t L ug{ ' 5   .To:t} Hj/f] , x} h f, k] 6 sf] xl/of] v';f{gL sfutL-s]_
cg' ; f/ of] jfo' z dg ug] { pQd ;do dg;' g cfpg' k/] kl5 tof/L cj:yfdf /fd| f ] dflgG5   .lsgsL o;n] ljsf/sf] lglDtklg o;sf] Kofhsf];fu 150 150
cb'jf 130 180
, bfF t b' v ] s f] lgsf] ug] { , cufl8 jf hf8f] ;do klg vf8ndf lj?jf /f] K g' pko' Q m emf/kft lgoGq0f tyf df6f] k| o f] u clgjfo{ 5  .h+ u nL
wlgof ;fu 200 300 70 90
tfut lbg] , h/f] lgsf] ug] { , xf]    .lj?jf nufpg' eGbf dflGg5  .l6d' / sf] lj?jf ;' w f/ ug{ ;xof] u k' U 5  . h' s f v;fNg, h} l js ljiffbL ufh/
#–$ dlxgf cufl8 g} $–$ /f] k ] k l5 s] x L ;do l;+ r fO{ s f] l6d' / k| f s[ l ts cj:yfdf 60 80 55 56
clh0f{ / x} h f OToflb /f] u jgfpF b f l6d' / sf] k| o f] u x' F b } tfdf 6';f Kofh
b] l v df5fsf] ljifdf klg ld6/sf] km/sdf #% .#% Joj:yf ldnfpg' clgjfo{ dxfef/t kj{ t >[ v nfsf] cfPsf 5g\   . 45 50 250 300
km;L{sf] d'G6f csj/]
k| o f] u ul/G5  . ;] = dL sf] vf8n vGg] clg x' G 5 . v' N nf 8fF 8 f kfvf] d f kfOg]
xl/of] ;fu 60 70 Rofp 180 220
j] g f{ s f] Knfli6ssf] y} n f l6d' / sf j] g f{ /f] k L ;s] k l5 af] 6 lj?jf xf]    .o;sf nflu
;Dks{  M(*$^)$%%!&, %#)&%%, %#@%(@
kmnkm"n s[ifsju{df cg'/f]w kmnk"mn–t/ sf/ L–ag: klt kmnkm' nsf lj?jfx? /f]kf}+
;'Gtnf, d'Gtnf, sfutL, ef]u6], lald/f], rfS;L, Hofld/ nufotsf ;'Gtnfhft kmnkm"nx?df :yfgLo ;d[4Lsfnflu Aoj;flos xft]dfnf] u/f}+
u|Llgª/f]u k|sf]ksf] ?kdf b]vf kl//x]sf]n] ;'Gtnfhft kmnkm"nsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf x|f;
eO{ /x]sf] / Jofj;flos au}+rfx? dfl;Fb} uPsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5      . g;{/ L sG;N6]  G6 :qmLlgË xfp;-hfnL3/_ leq x'sf{OPsf
o;y{ /f]usf] lgoGq0f / ;'Gtnf hft au}rf ;+/If0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg lgDg ;'emfjsf] kfngf ug{ cg'/f]w kmnkm'nsf sndL tyf lah' lj?jfx? pknAw 5g\
ul/G5     .
‹‹ ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;|f]t s]G›af6 dfq} la?jf vl/b u/L nufpg]      . Pe/ u|Lg km"n tyf KnfG6 pknAw lj?jfx?
‹‹ ;fd'lG›s ;txeGbf ! xhf/ ld6/eGbf tn kg]{ :yfgdf ;'Gtnfhft kmnkm"nsf la?jf tof/
ug]{ g;{/L :yfkgf gug'xf]nf
l;hgn km"n tyf KnfG6,hfkfgLh b'af]   nufpg' k/ ] df d'Gtnf, ;'Gtnf, h'gf/ sfutL , cfFk nLrL nufot cGo
‹‹ ;fd'lG›s ;txeGbf ! xhf/ ld6/eGbf tn kg]{ :yfgsf g;{/Laf6 pTkflbt la?jf vl/b u/L tfhf t/ sf/ Lsf lj?jfx? wfld{s sfo{df rflxg]   hftsf sndL tyf ljh' lj?jfx?
gnufpg' xf]nf      .
‹‹ ;'Gtnfhft kmnkm"nsf la?jfdf nufpFbf bIf k|fljlws;Fu ;/–;Nnfx u/]kl5 dfq nufpg]       .
jg: kltx? yfkf kmnkm'n g;{/L
‹‹ g;{/L wgLn] a8p8 -sndsf7L_ k|df0fLs/0f k4ltaf6 la?jf pTkfbg ug{ ;'? ug'{xf]nf
‹‹ o;sf nfuL cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xfotfsf nflu o; lgb]{zgfnosf kfos k|f  ]= b]  jL u'?ª -:yfkgfM @)$$  _
kg]{ sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug'{ xf]nf       .
OG8f]  / , cfp68f]  /  KnfG6, uf8]  g{ l8hfOlgª /  No08: s  ]k ug'k{ /   ]df u08sL ufpFkflnsf—@
‹‹ s[ifsx?n] la?jf nufpFbf pknAw eP;Dd a8p8 k|df0fLs/0f k4lt ckgfO{ hfnL3/df
pTkflbt :j:y la?jf vl/b u/L nufpg]     . cfh}  ;Dks{ ug'{xf]  nf, df} sfdf ;]  jf ug{]   cj;/  lbg'xf]  ;\     . tfËnLrf]s, ofËbL, uf]/vf
‹‹ z+sf:kb / /f]u ;+qmldt la?jfx? gnufpg] / Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf gn}hfg]     . ;Dks{M8Lnaxfb'/ yfkfM
‹‹
ug]{      .
‹‹
/f]uu|:t la?jf / au}+rfdf bIf k|ljlwsx?sf] ;/–;Nnfx lnO{ /f]uL la?jfx? sf6]/ gi6

/f]u d'Qm ePsf] k|df0fLs/0f geP;Dd aflx/L lhNnfaf6 la?jf NofO{ gnufpg]      .g;{/L
kf/ Lhft g;{/ L (*)$!&%$&$, (*!^!&*)($

wgLx?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf cfˆg} au}+rfdf u'0f:t/Lo dfpaf]6 nufpg]      . kf]  v/ f–(, rfO{gfk'n 5]  p, k[YjLrf]  s k"j{ s[lif ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfd|L / ;Nnfxsf] nflu Psdfq e/ kbf{ ] 7fp“
;Dk"0f{ s[lif ;fdfu|L e08f/,  lrKn] 9u+' f, kf] v/ f
u08sL k|b]z, e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kmf]  gM %#*$#@, (*$^)^^%#^ ;Dks{ M )^!–%$)&#), (*%^)@^$&(
s[lif ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, kf]v/f
cuf{lgs skmL au} r+ f aonL hfcf} ,+ g]  r'/ n : jfbsf]  skmL cfkm} +agfP/ vfcf} +     . x/ ] s df} ;d M / x] s cj;/ df ===tkfO{sf]  ;fyL
cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ sf]  u'0f: t/ Lo skmL
g]kfn An' dfpG6]g cuf{lgs kmfd{ df5fk'R5«]  cuf{lgs skmL
‘u|fld0f s[lif ko{6g k|j4{g u/ f} + ,;d[l4sf nflu PsLs[t ;lqmotf a9fcf+} ’ xNngrf]s dfu{, n] s;fO8, kf] v/ f
tflnd, g;{/L tyf cuf{lgs skmL vl/ b laqmLsf nflu ;Demg'xf]  ;\     . kmf] gM (*$^!%!#!%, (*%^)$*!$!
skmL vl/ b laqmLsf nflu
;Dks{ kmf]  gM(*$^@)*)!$, kf]v/f xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf] ;\     .
t/s/L ÷kmnkm'ndf 9'zL lgoGq0fsf nflu cuf{lgs 9'zL 6«fOsf]8df{
t/sf/L ,kmnkm'n ,lj?jfsf] 8fF7 / km]b s'Flxg], AoFfS6]l/on AnfO6 ufgf] s'lxg] , kftdf bfu, lj?jf ;8g] tyf cf]Onfpg] /f]u / uf]ne]8fsf] 89'jf nufot /f]u lgoGq0fsf
nflu cr's h}ljs 9'zL 6«fOsf]8df{ k|of]u u/f}+ / s[lif pTkfbg a9fpF      .k|fljlws ;Nnfx / ;'emfa klg lbOG5      .lhNnf aflx/sf ls;fgn] klg ;]jf lng ;Sg]5g\     .
g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfno4f/f k|a4{g ul/Psf]
ldlnh'nL cfO=lk=Pd= ;|f]t s]Gb| ,cfFa' v}/]gL—!, a/fbL, tgxF' ;Dks{McWoIfM (*%^)@$^%%, (*$^*$*&)% sfof{noM)^%—$)@)%)
cf/;L 6fOD;, ;fKtflxs
    -s[lifd"ns va/ klqsf_
 

s[lif Ond / cfjfh @)&& c;f]h % ut] ;f]daf/   $

df};dL v]lt / kz'wg ;'/Iffsf nflu s[ifsnfO{ lr¶L —/fdaxfb'/ s];L

dWo kxf8 b]lv pRr kxf8sf]

nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf tf]/Lsf
hft; n'Dn] -!, dWo kxf8sf]
nflu k|ult / ;'vt]{ :yflgo tf]/L
- #, a];+ Lsf] nflu pGglt / lk|tL,
t/fO{ / leqL dw]zsf] nflu ljsf;,
k|ult, pGglt, lk|tL, df]/ª\ tf]/L-@,
;'vt]{ :yflgo tf]/L-# tyf gjnk'/
:yflgo-$ dWo] pknAw hft
;dod} /f]Kg' xf];  .
t/fO{ tyf lelq dw]zsf] nflu
lxpFb] ds}sf l;kmfl/; hftx?;
dgsfdgf—!,c?0f–#,c?0f–
$,c?0f–^,/fdk'/ xfOla|8–@,/fdk'/
xfOla|8–$,/fdk'/ xfOla|8–^,v'dn
xfOla|8 ds}–@ / kf]l;nf] ds}–@
dWo]af6 pknAw hft 5gf}6 ul/
;dod} /f]Kg'xf];\  .
wfg v]tdf kt]/f]
sL/fsf] gf]S;fgL sd
ug{sf] nflu v]tleq tyf
j/k/sf] emf/kft uf]8d]n u/L kt]/f]sf]
a}sln\ks cf>o gi6 ug{;]
k|:tfjgf dfu ;DaGwL ;"rgf
;'rgf g+= )@
k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf, kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjog O{sfO{ :ofª\hfsf]
cf=a=@)&&÷)&* sf] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ ;'Gtnf ;'k/hf]g tkm{sf] cg'bfg/
;fem]bf/Ldf tkl;nsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;'Gtnf ;'k/hf]gsf] sfo{If]q leqsf ;'lrs[t
/ gljs/0f ePsf s[lif kmd{,s[ifs ;d'x,s[lif ;xsf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd sfuhftx?
;+nUg u/L of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbg -ldlt @)&&÷)&÷)# ut] sfo{fno
;do leq_ /Ltk"j{s cfjZos sfuhftx? ;+nUg u/L o; kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjog O{sfO{df
lgj]bg lbg'x'g of] ;'rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
qmd sfo{qmdsf] gfd
! s[lif cf}hf/ tyf d]l;g/L
pks/0f ljt/0f
@ ;fgf l;rfO{ lgd{f0f
tyf dd{t ;+ef/
s[lif / kz' ;DjGwL lh1f;fsf] nflu k};f gnfUg] gfs{sf] kmf]g !!#% df dfkmf{ rf}8fkft h:tf /fof]sf
hftx?sf] g;{/L kfgL ghDg] ul/
k|To]s ;f]daf/ lbFp;f] @ b]lv $ ah] ;Dd kmf]g ug{x' f];\      . /fVg'xf];|   .rfln; lbg] d"nf
/f]Kg'xf];\   .
k|sfz kf;f]sf] k|of]u ul/ ao:s ckgfpg'xf];\   ./f]uL kz'x?nfO{ o;sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug{x' f];.\ 5ls{b+ f v]tdf kof{Kt lr:ofg x'g' cj:yf x]l/ /f]Kg'xf];   \ .hUuf k|hgg of]Uo e};Lx?nfO{
sL/fnfO dfg{;] 86{L 6«ofk sf] k|of]u /fd|f] x]/ljrf/ ul/ ;+tl' nt kf}li6s wfgafnLdf ujf/f] sL/fsf] h?/L 5 . tof/La]nfdf sDkf]i6 !))),l8=P=lk= Ct'rqmdf Nofpg ldlg6«; 6\ofan]6
ug{x' f]: .of] sL/fsf] k|sf]k Hofbf cfxf/f v'jfO{ yk AofS6]l/on k|sf]k ePdf lkmk|fl] gn )=#% hL= jf dWokxf8sf] af/L hUufdf ebf}df !)=(, o'l/of @=@,/ Do'/6] ckm jf sf]km]s' 6\ofan]6 b'O{ rlSs
ePdf dfnflyofg @ ldlnln6/ ;+qmd0fx? af6 hf]ufpg #–$ sf/6fk xfO{8f« S] nf]/fO8 $ hL= !% /f]Kg hgsb]j, 8]lh/], sfl8{gn, kf]6f; %=) s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgLsf] k|lt lbgsf b/n] *–!) lbg ;Dd
k|lt ln6/ cyjf ;fOk/d]yL| g )=% lbg;Dd PlG6jfof]l6s k|of]u b]vL @) s]=hL= k|lt x]S6/sf] b/n] v'dn pHhjn, v'dn pkxf/ dWo] b/n] k|of]u ug{x' f];.\ v'jfpg' xf];\ .
ldlnln6/ k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf b/n] ug{x' f]; .\ ;fFemsf] ;dodf 5s{gx' f];\   .ljiffbL pknJw cfn'sf] aLp df};dsf] v'dn rf}8fkft, v'dn /ftf]kft,
lj?jf /fd|/L leHg]ul/ ;fFemsf]
;dodf 5g{x' f];  .
uf]ne]8F fdf nfUg] cuf}6]
89'jf/cN6/g]l/of yf]Kn] /f]usf] df5f kf/vL pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L
u|LidsfnLg ;dodf cg'sn ' df};d ePsf]n] /f]usf]
df5fkf]v/Ldf kfgLsf] ulx/fO{ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 8fO{yg] Pd–$%,
$–% kmL6 sfod ug{x' f];,\ hnLo
jg:klt x6fpg'xf];,\ ;fy} kf]v/Ldf
@ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{
&–!) lbgsf] km/sdf @–# k6s
tfhf df5f / af;L df5f 5'6\ofpg] tl/sf ===
clS;hgsf] kof{Kt dfqf sfod
/fVg jfo'oGqsf] k|of]u ug{x' f];\   .
kft leHg] ul/ kfgL gk/]sf] ;dodf
l:6s/ ld;fO{ 5s{gx' f];.\
;a} pkef]Qmfn] hfg]sf] a]; x'G5      .
g]kfndf
ufO{x?df nDkL l:sg l8lhh
klxnf]k6s wfgafnLdf
kft]km]b 89'jf /f]usf] lgoldt
nfUg] ;s];Dd lhljt df5f g} vl/b ubf{ a]; x'G5      .
b]vfk/]sf] / nfdv'§,] lsgf{ /
e';g' fn] /f]uL ufO{af6 :j:y
cg'udg ug{x' f];   \ .wfgafnLdf
uaf/f] sL/fsf] jois ;fFemsf]
tfhf df5fsf] luN; pHofnf] /ftf] x'G5 eg]
ufO{df ;fg]{ ePsf]n] logLx?sf]
6f]sfO{af6 ;'/lIft /fVg] pkfox?
;dodf b]lvg] / kftsf] 6'Kkf]sf]
tNnf] efudf c08f kfg]{ ePsf]n]
af;L df5fsf] xsdf v}/f] / l;+ufg nfu]sf] h:tf] x'G5      .
ofb /fvf}+ tfhf df5fsf] zl//df cf}+nfn] lyRbf u8\b}g eg]
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif tyf kz' kG5L lasf; dGqfno af;L df5fsf] xsdf cf}+nf u8]sf] 8fd a:5      .
k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf
kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjog O{sfO{ ,:ofª\hf dT:o ljsf; s]Gb|, lddL{ ,:ofª\hf
;"rgf k|sflzt ldltM @)&&.)^ .)$ kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf s[ifsx?nfO{ cg'/f]w
dxfgu/af;L s[ifs dxfg'efjx?
kf]v/f cf;kf;sf If]qx?df cuf}6] pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbpF , o;af6 pTkfbg k|lt:kwL{ x'G5 / /fd|f] d'No kfp5       . ls;fgn] cfDbflg
klg ug{ ;Sg] cj;/ 5, pTkfbg x'g] a]nf;Dd cfsf;] kfgLsf] e/df klg v]lt ug{ ;lsg] / lxpFb ;dodf l;rfO{sf] cfefjn]
v]lt nfut vr{ a9\g] x'Fbf o:tf :yfgdf hlt ;lsG5 o]xL a]nf v]ltdf hf]8 lbg'k5{      . g;{/Ldf ;'/lIft;fy la?jf tof/
ul/ tklzn cg';f/sf] afln / hft klxrfg ul/ ;'/lIft ;fy /f]Kg'xf]nf      . la?jf x's{fpgsf] nflu Knfl:6s 3/ jf u'df]hsf]
k|of]u ug{'k5{      . la?jf /f]Kbf !% b]lv #) ;]dL ;Dd cUnf] 8\ofË agfO /f]Kg'kb{5      . k|f+ufl/s dn sf] k|of]u
ug{] / lgoldt ?kdf ufO e};Lsf] lk;fa ! efudf *—!) efu kflg ld;fP/ la?jfdf k|of]u ug{] , /f]k]sf] la?jfnfO{ km]b s'lxg] 9';L hGo
/f]uaf6 hf]ufpg So'/]S; @ u|fd ! ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ !)—!% lbgsf] km/sdf :k|] ug{ ;lsG5      .
afln hft /f]Kg] ;do nufpg] b'l/ k|lt/f]kgLcfj:oslap afln tof/ x'g] lbg pTkfbg kl/df0f
sfo{qmd cg'bfg s}lkmot nfOg / la?jf larsf] tyf la?jf
;+Vof /sd km/s ;] ld
Ü sfpnL Pg P; ^) Pg, l;n\e/ ;fpg—efb| %)—^) ;]ld rf}8f @))) lj?kf ^) b]lv *) lbg !))) b]lv !@)) lsnf]
! %) ;'lrs[t nfeu|fxLx?n] ;'Gtnf au}rf Aoj:yfkg tyf sk ^), XjfO6 sk, $)—$% ;] ld ;Dd !%—@) u\fd aLp
ahf/Ls/0fsf nfuL cfjZos cf}hf/ pks/0fx? bfdL Pkm !, /]ld Pkm
:km]lzlkms]zg ;lxt dfu ug{] -kmd{]6 cg';f/ lga]bg !, v'dn Hofk'
sfo{fnoaf6 pknAw x'g]_ aGbf h]lgy, g]kf:6f/, ;fpg—efb| $)—$) ;] ld ;Dd #))) lj?kf ^) b]lv &) lbg !@)) b]lv !%)) lsnf]
s[lif cf}hf/ tyf d]lzg/L pks/0f M :k|]o/ 6sL g]kf lu|g, l6 ^@!, uf]n\8]g
-!^ln=,u6//km'6 :k|]o/ / kfj/ :k|]o/_ an,
l;s]r/,cf/L,eo{fª,Knfl:6s qm]6,l8hL6n t/fh',h';/ lk|ldod qmk, ;]Gtfp/f]
d]l;g,?v sf6\g] d]l;g,ldgL6Ln/ / u|;s6/ a|f]sfpnL efb| &%—&) ;] ld ;Dd % b]lv !) u|fd &) b]lv *) lbg !))) lsnf]
sfFqmf] dflngL, a]nL, lgGhf, ;fpg—efb| &%—&% ;] ld ;Dd !)) u|fd #% b]lv $) lbg !%)) b]lv @))) lsnf]
8fOg]:6L
&% *% ;'lrs[t nfeu|fxLx?n] sfo{fnon] tf]s]sf] kmd{]6
d'nf ldgf]cn{L ;fpg—efb| @)—@) ;] ld ;Dd #)) u|fd $) b]lv %) lbg !@)) lsnf]
cg';f/ lga]bg / laj/0f kmf/d .
-sfo{fnoaf6 pknAw x'g] 5_. af]8L dfn]kf6g ! ;fpg—efb| #)—#) ;]ld rf}8f !%)) u|fd $% b]lv %) lbg !))) lsnf]

# au}rf ;'b[l9s/0f cleofg ! %) lgnf]t'yf],r'g / Pu|f] cfon kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf s[lif ljsf; dxfzfvf
tyf jfnL ;+/If0f ;]jf
$ ;'Gtnf If]q la:tf/ sfo{qmd ! %) ;'Gtnf au}rf :yfkgf (lah' tyf sndL la?jf!

% kf]i6 xfe{]i6 ;]G6/ :yfkgf @ *% e08f/0f,k|fyflds k|;f]wg jf k|zf]wg pwf]u :yfkgf ljp pTkfbs / Joj;foLx?n] hfGg} kg]{ s'/fx?
tkfO ljp pTkfbs x'g' x'G5 eg] tkfO ljp Joj;foL x'g' x'G5 eg]
^ ;'Gtnf g;{/L >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf # *% :yflgo tx ;Fu ;dGjodf ;'Gtnf g;{/L
tyf ;'b[l9s/0f >f]t s]Gb|:yfkgf —k'j{ hfgsf/L kmf/d eg'{ ePsf] 5 <
—cflwsfl/s k|of]uzfnf jf afnL lgl/Ifsaf6 afnL lg/lIf0f u/fpg' ePsf] 5 < —jLp vl/b ug'{ eGbf klxn] afnL lgl/If0f kmf/d dfUg'xf];     .
lgj]bg ;fy k]z ug{'kg{] sfuhftx? —afnL cg';f/ k[ystf b'/L sfod ug'{ ePsf] 5 < —jLp vl/b ug'{ eGbf klxn] k|o]uzfnfaf6 pdf/zlQm, z'4tf ,
—?= !) sf] l6s6 6fF; u/L tf]lsPsf] 9frfdf k|:tfjgf ;lxtsf] lgj]bg —l;kmf/L; cg';f/ dnvfb k|of]u ug'{ ePsf] 5 < / lr:ofgsf] lnlvt l/kf]6{ ljp pTkfbs ;Fu dfUg'xf];     .
–;'Gtnf g;{/L >f]t s]Gb| / kf]i6 xfe{]i6 ;]G6/ :yfkgfsf] xsdf —cfkm'n] nufPsf] afnLdf lgif]lwt /f]u ls/f af/] hfgsf/L 5 <
sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] :yfg -hUuf÷hldg_ sf] —ljp vl/bubf{ n]an eP gePsf] hfFr ug'{xf];     .
:jfldTj v'n\g] sfuhft jf ef8fsf] hUuf ePdf sDtLdf !) jif{sf] ;Demf}tfdf. —ljp afnLnfO{ 5'6\6} r'6g] Aoj:yf ldnfpg' ePsf] 5 < —n]an jf 6\ofu gnufPsf] ljp vl/b ljlqm ljt/0f gug'{xf];
–lgj]bssf] gful/stf jf kl/ro v'n\g] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk. —e08f/df /f]u ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ ljifwLn] pkrf/ ug'{ ePsf] 5 < —af]/f aGbL , Kofs]6aGbL n]an nufPsf] ljpdfq ljlqm ljt/0f
–;+:yfsf] xsdf sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk. —ljp pTkfbg ug'{ cl3 vl/b ug]{ lgsfo;Fu ;Dem}tf ug'{ ePsf] 5 < ug'{xf];\     .
gf]6 M sfo{qmd ;DalGw la:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfuL o; kl/of]hgf sfo{fGjog O{sfO{df ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]5 k'gZr M pNn]lvt s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lng jLpljhg k|of]uzfnf, s[lif
1fg s]Gb| / :yfgLo txsf s[lif k|fljwls;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\     .
‹‹ kmf]g g+ M )^# $)@)($%÷(*%^)%)))* aLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf, u08sL k|b]z, kf]v/f
‹‹ Email : pmamp.piu.syangja@gmail.com kmf]g M )^!—$^*!)!, Od]n M seedlabgandaki@ gmail   .com