CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering

Assignment no. 4

Name: MARK JOHN V. MAGBANUA Course and Year: BSCE 3-B

Show your complete solution (figures, tables, computation, etc.)

1.) Assume you are an observer standing at a point along a three-lane roadway. All
vehicles in lane 1 are traveling at 30 mi/h, all vehicles in lane 2 are traveling at 45 mi/h,
and all vehicles in lane 3 are traveling at 60 mi/h. There is also a constant spacing of 0.5
mile between vehicles. If you collect spot speed data for all vehicles as they cross your
observation point, for 30 minutes, what will be the time-mean speed and space mean
speed for this traffic stream?

SOLUTION:
Time mean speed is given by the equation,
n

µt = ∑
µi µ1 f 1 + µ2 f 2 + µ3 f 3
i=1 = f 1+ f 2 + f 3
n
Space mean speed is given by the equation,
1 1
n
µs= 1 1 = 1
∑ ( ) (
2 i=1 µi f 1 + f 2 +f 3
)¿ ¿

Calculate: f 1 , f 2 ,∧f 3
60
60
f = t x n = t x ( s)
u
60
0.5
f 1 = 30 x = 30 min
( 30 x
1
60 x 60 )
60
60 0.5
f 2 = 45 x = 45 min
f 3 = 60 x
0.5
= 60 min ( 45 x
1
60 x 60 )
60 x
1
(
60 x 60 )
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4
Substitute the values of f 1 , f 2 ,∧f 3 to calculate the TIME MEAN SPEED and SPACE
MEAN SPEED.
TIME MEAN SPEED: SPACE MEAN SPEED:
30 X 30+ 45 X 45+ 60 X 60 1
µt = µs= 1
30+45+ 60 ( )¿ ¿
30+45+ 60
µt = 48.33 miles/hour
µS = 45 miles/hour

2.) Four race cars are traveling on a 2.5-mile tri-oval track. The four cars are traveling at
constant speeds of 195 mi/h, 190 mi/h, 185 mi/h, and 180 mi/h, respectively. Assume you
are an observer standing at a point on the track for a period of 30 minutes and are
recording the instantaneous speed of each vehicle as it crosses your point. What is the
time-mean speed and space-mean speed for these vehicles for this time period? (Note: Be
careful with rounding.)

SOLUTION:

Given:
 Number of cars (n) = 4
 Length of tracks (d) = 2.5 miles
 Speed of cars = 195mi/h, 190mi/h, 185mi/h, 180mi/h

SPACE MEAN SPEED (V s ): TIME MEAN SPEED (V t ):

n
n
V t= ∑ vi
V s=
∑ v1 n
i=1 i
195+190+185+180
V t=
where vi is the speed of i car
th 4

4 V t = 187.5 miles/hour
V s= 1 1 1 1
( + + + )
195 190 185 180
V s = 187.33 miles/hour
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4
3.) An observer has determined that the time headways between successive vehicles on a
section of highway are exponentially distributed and that 65% of the headways between
vehicles are 9 seconds or greater. If the observer decides to count traffic in 30-second
time intervals, estimate the probability of the observer counting exactly four vehicles in
an interval.

GIVEN:
 Let h be the random variable which represents time head way between
successive vehicles.
SOLUTION:
P(h≥9) = 0.65
t=9
P(h− ¿ ¿9 ) = e (−λ x 9)
¿

e
− λ x9
= 0.65
Apply ln both sides
- 𝜆 x 9 = ln(0.65)
𝜆= 0.047
Let y be another random variable
y: no. of vehicles arrived during time t = 30 secs

POISSON DISTRIBUTION OF Y:
P(Y=4) = ¿ ¿
= ¿¿
PROBABILITY = 0.040
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4
4.) Vehicles arrive at a single toll booth beginning at 8:00 A.M. They arrive and depart
according to a uniform deterministic distribution. However, the toll booth does not open
until 8:10 A.M. The average arrival rate is 8 veh/min and the average departure rate is 10
veh/min. Assuming D/D/1 queuing, when does the initial queue clear and what are the
total delay, the average delay per vehicle, longest queue length (in vehicles), and the wait
time of the 100th vehicle to arrive (assuming first-infirst-out)?

SOLUTION:
GIVEN:
Consider the departure starts after 10-min of vehicle arrival, µ(t) = 10(t-10)
: Time needed to clear the queue is,
𝜆(t) = µ(t)
8t = 10(t-10)
t = 50 min
The graph showing time and number of vehicles shown in the figure.
The total vehicle delay, Dt = A1- A2
A1 – Area of triangle AOB

A2 – Area of triangle ACD

1 1
D t = (50 x 400) - (40 x 400)
2 2
D t = 2000 veh-min
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4

THE TOTAL NUMBER OF VEHICLES ARRIVED

8t = 8(50) = 400 vehicles

THE LONGEST QUEUE IS CALCULATED AS,

THE AVERAGE DELAY/VEHICLE Qmax(t) = 𝜆(t) - µ(t)
2000/400
Qmax(10) = (8-10) – 10(10-10)
D a = 5 min
Qmax = 80 vehicles

The arrival time of 100th vehicle = 12.5 min

The departure time of 100th vehicle = 20 min
Wait time(W t )= 20 min – 12.5 min
W t = 7.5 min
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4
5.) Vehicles begin to arrive at a parking lot at 6:00 A.M. at a rate of eight per minute.
Due to an accident on the access highway, no vehicles arrive from 6:20 to 6:30 A.M.
From 6:30 A.M. on, vehicles arrive at a rate of two per minute. The parking lot attendant
processes incoming vehicles (collects parking fees) at a rate of four per minute
throughout the day. Assuming D/D/1 queuing, determine total vehicle delay.

SOLUTION:
GIVEN:
Formulate the relation to find the total number of vehicle arrivals [𝜆(t)] at time t.
 𝜆(1)=8 x t for t ≤ 20
 𝜆(2)=0 x t for > t ≤ 30
 𝜆(3)=2 x t for t > 30
Formulate the relation to find the total number of vehicle departures [ µ(t)] at time t.
µ(t) = 4 x t for all t
Determine the queue [Q (30)] at 30 min from the following relation;
Q (30) = 𝜆(1)+ 𝜆(2)- µ(3)
= (8 x 20) + (0 x 10) – (4 x 30)
Q=40 vehicles
Calculate the queue dissipation after 30 min from the following relation;

40+ 𝜆(3)t = µ(t)

Consider at the time of dissipation the total number of vehicle arrivals and the total
number of vehicle departures is same.
40+ (2)t = (4 x t)
2t = 40
t = 20 min
So the total queue will dissipate at (30 + t) times, that is 50 min.
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4

Calculate total delay ( D t )

Consider total delay is the are between the arrival and departure curves.
D t = A1 + A 2 + A3 + A 4

Here, A1 is area of triangle 1, A2 is area pf triangle 2, A3 is area of triangle 3, and A 4 is

area of triangle 4.
1 1 1 1
D t = (20 x 80) + (80 x 10) + (40 x 10) + (40 x 20)
2 2 2 2
D t = 1,800 veh-min
 CE 313-Highway and Railroad Engineering
Assignment no. 4
6.) A six-lane freeway (three lanes in each direction) has regular weekday users and
currently operates at maximum LOS C conditions. The lanes are 11 ft wide, the right-side
shoulder is 4 ft wide, and there are two ramps within three miles upstream of the segment
midpoint and one ramp within three miles downstream of the segment midpoint. The
highway is on rolling terrain with 10% large trucks and buses (no recreational vehicles),
and the peak-hour factor is 0.90. Determine the hourly volume for these conditions.
SOLUTION:
GIVEN:

 N= 3
 Lane width = 11ft, F LW = 1.9
 Right-side shoulder = 4ft, F LC = 0.8
3
 TRD = 6 = 0.5

FFS = 75.4 - F LW - F LC – 3.22TRD 0.84

= 75.4 – 1.9 – 0.8 – 3.22(0.50.84 )
FFS = 70.9 = 70 mph

Given rolling Terrain; PT = 0.1, ET = 2.5, PHF = 0.9

1 1
F HV =
1+ P T ( ET −1 ) + PR (E RT ) = 1+ 0.1 ( 2.5−1 ) +C = 0.87

LOS is C, D = 26 pc/mi/ln, S = 67.5 mph

VP V
D = 26 P
S 67.5
V P= 1755 pc/hr/ln

V
V P=
F HV X P HF X N X F P

V
1755=
0.87 X 0.9 X 3 X 1

V = 4122.495 veh/hr