PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2
(Quantitaive
Research)
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
▹ This course develops
critical thinking and 2

problem-solving skills
through quantitative
research.
What is QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

It is the systematic empirical

investigation of observable
phenomena via statistical,
mathematical or computational
techniques.
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What is QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

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 “
Research is to see
what everybody else
has seen, and
think what nobody
else has thought.
(Albert Szent-Györgyi )

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 CONTENTS 1st Quarter
I. Nature of Inquiry and
Research
II. Identifying the 7

Inquiry and Stating

the Problem
III. Learning from Others
and Reviewing the
Literature
 CONTENTS 2 nd Quarter
I. Understanding Data
and Ways to
Systematically Collect
Data
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II. Finding Answers

through Data Collection
III. Reporting and Sharing
Findings
I. Nature of Inquiry and
Research
1. Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses and Kinds of
Quantitative Research 9

2. Importance of Research
across Fields
3. Differentiates Kinds of
Variables and their Uses
1. Characteristics,
Strengths,
Weaknesses and
Kinds of Quantitative
Research
 • The data is usually gathered
Characteristics using structured research
of instruments.
Quantitative • The results are based on larger
Research sample sizes that are 11

representative of the population.

• The research study can usually
be replicated or repeated, given
its high reliability.
 • Researcher has a clearly defined
research question to which
Characteristics objective answers are sought.
of • All aspects of the study are
Quantitative carefully designed before data
Research is collected.
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• Data are in the form of numbers

and statistics, often arranged in
tables, charts, figures, or other
non-textual forms.
 • Project can be used to
Characteristics generalize concepts more
of widely, predict future results, or
Quantitative investigate causal relationships.
Research 13

• Researcher uses tools, such as

questionnaires or computer
software, to collect numerical
data.
 Collect reliable and STRENGHTS
accurate data
of
 Quick data collection Quantitative
 Wider scope of data Research 14

analysis
 Eliminate bias /
Objectivity
 Needs a huge WEAKNESSES
sample of population of
 It can be costly, Quantitative
difficult & time- Research 15

consuming
 It require extensive
statistical treatment
KINDS
of
Quantitative
Research
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Create an
INFOGRAPHIC
Place your screenshot here

about 17

Quantitative
Research
2. Importance of
Research
across Fields
3. Kinds of Variables
and their Uses
VARIABLES
 from the root word, “vary” or simple
“can change”
 refers to a characteristic or attribute of
an attribute of an individual or an
organization that can be measured or
observed and that varies among the
people or organization being studied
(Creswell, 2002)
 Most Common Variables
in Social Research
• age • income
• sex • marital status
• gender • occupation
• education
NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA

1) Nominal
2) Ordinal
3) Interval
4) Ratio
NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA
1) NOMINAL
 categories that cannot be
ordered in any particular way
 Example :
• sex (male vs. females)
• political affiliation
• basketball fan affiliation
NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA
2) ORDINAL
 categories that can be
ordered from greatest to
smallest
 Example :
• education level (Gr.11, Gr.12)
• Income brackets
NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA
3) INTERVAL
 values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range of
numbers.
 Example :
• temperature
• a person’s net worth
NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA
4) RATIO
 have values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range of
numbers when there is an
absolute zero
 Example :
• age, weight, height
TYPES OF VARIABLES (Independent & Dependent)

INDEPENDENT variable
 The variable that is stable and
unaffected by the other variables
you are trying to measure.
 It refers to the condition of an experiment that
is systematically manipulated by the
investigator. It is the presumed cause.
TYPES OF VARIABLES (Independent & Dependent)

DEPENDENT variable
 The variable that depends on other
factors that are measured.
 These variables are expected to change as a
result of an experimental manipulation of the
independent variable or variables. It is the
presumed effect.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

CONFOUNDING variable
 is an outside influence that changes
the effect of a dependent and
independent variable.
 This extraneous influence is used to influence
the outcome of an experimental design. It can
ruin an experiment and produce useless results.
Confounding
Variable

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 Identifying the Variables
1. What is the Example #1: How bright is right?
independent An automobile manufacturer
variable? wants to know how bright brake
brightness of lights should be in order to 33

brake lights minimize the time required for

2. What is the the driver of a following car to
dependent realize that the car in front is
variable? stopping and to hit the brakes.
time to hit brake
 Identifying the Variables
1. What is the Ex#2: Can blueberries slow down aging?
independent A study indicates that antioxidants found in
variable? blueberries may slow down the process of aging. In
this study, 19-month old rats (equivalent to 60-year
diet: blueberries old humans) were fed either their standard diet or a
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or no blueberries diet supplemented by either blueberry, strawberry,
or spinach powder. After eight weeks, the rats
were given memory and motor tests. Although all
2. What is the supplemented rats showed improvement, those
supplemented with blue berry powder showed the
dependent most notable improvement.
variable?
memory test and motor skills test
 TYPES OF VARIABLES (Discrete & Continuous)

DISCRETE variable
 has a countable number of
possible values
 such as number of children in a household
since the possible scores are discrete points on
the scale. For example, a household could
have three children or six children, but not 4.53
children.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES (Discrete & Continuous)

CONTINUOUS variable
 a variable whose value is
obtained by measuring
 variables such as "time to respond to a question"
are continuous variables since the scale is
continuous and not made up of discrete steps. The
response time could be 1.64 seconds, or it could
be 1.64237123922121 seconds.
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 SURVEY #1

Preferred PROFESSION
of Grade 11 and 12
students of Jose Abad
Santos High School
 SURVEY # 2

Preferred CAREER PATH

of Grade 11 and 12
students of Jose Abad
Santos High School
 SURVEY # 2

CAREER PATHS
 Higher Education
 Middle Level Skills
Development
 Entrepreneurship
 Employment
 SURVEY #3

IDEAL AGE OF MARRIAGE

according to Grade 11
and 12 students of Jose
Abad Santos High School
 SURVEY #4

Describe your current

LIFE STATUSbased on
the Facebook emojis
📖
REFERENCES:
https://apus.libguides.com/research_methods_guide/research_
methods_quantitative

https://www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-
research/

https://healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-quantitative-
research/

https://www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-
research/

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