Output 14

MMT & MAS

Pedretti: Manual Muscle Testing

- This is to evaluate the strength of individual muscle and muscle group, based upon how
efficiently a muscle works in their daily bases in relation to the forces of gravity or
manual resistance through available ROM.

Number Grade Grade Definition

0 Zero No muscle contraction can be seen or felt.
1 Trace (T) Contraction can be observed or felt, but there is no motion.
2- Poor minus (P-) Incomplete ROM w/ gravity eliminated.
2 Poor (P) Complete ROM w/ gravity eliminated.
2+ Poor plus (P+) <50% ROM against gravity
3- Fair minus (F-) >50 % ROM against gravity
3 Fair (F) Complete ROM against gravity.
3+ Fair plus (F+) Complete ROM against gravity w/ slight resistance.
4 Good (G) Complete ROM against gravity w/ moderate resistance.
5 Normal (N) Complete ROM against gravity w/ maximal resistance.

Trombly: Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity

- Measures resistance during passive soft tissue stretching or is used as a simple

measure of spasticity.

Grade Descriptions
0 No increase in muscle tone
1 Slight increase in muscle tone manifested by a catch and release or by
minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part
or parts are moved in flexion or extension
1+ Slight increase in muscle tone manifested by a catch, followed by minimal
resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the ROM
2 Marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected
parts are easily moved
3 Considerable increase in muscle tone; passive movement difficult.
4 Affected part or parts rigid in flexion or extension
 Output 15

ACTIVITIES FOR PROPRIOCEPTION

Alerting Activities (hypersensitive ASD)

Hypersensitive child has heightened sensitivity they may be exposed to peaceful and passive
activities.

 Have the child do the stretching exercises like child’s pose it helps the child to stretch
the hips, thigh, knees and ankles. It gently relaxes the muscles on the front of the body
while softly and passively stretching the muscles of the back torso.
 Bring me (weighted objects) - the therapist should ask any weighted objects to the child,
in order to win the game the child should bring what the therapist wants.
 Have the child to hit the cones by kicking the ball in front of her.

Calming Activities (hyposensitive ASD)

Modified Obstacle course - it can build gross motor skills to the children. There are different
physical challenges obstacles for individual or team who are hyposensitive child that is required
for movement activities.

 Jump rope
 Crawl through a tunnel
 Hopscotch

TUG WAR /Rope pulling – there must be two teams against each other in test of strength: the
team pull opposite ends of a rope, with a goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one
direction against the force of opposing team’s pull.

Wheelbarrow- is done by holding the child’s legs whilst she/he walks on their hands towards
desired object such as sweets/favourite toy. It is important for the carrier to hold the child’s knee
joint to ensure their legs is straight. Start with supporting the child at the waist (depends on the
child’s age). As they master the exercise, start moving the hands down to their hips & then
progressively downs his legs. Progress can be furthered by challenging your child to walk
further distance.