TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

COMMUNITY OF LEARNERS FOUNDATION

SCHOOL BUILDING

ALICIA ST., SAN JUAN, METRO MANILA

 Table of Contents
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 7
1.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Project Description....................................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Scope of Work .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.1 Contractor Scope of Work .............................................................................................. 7
1.2.2 Work Schedule ................................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Codes and Standards .............................................................................................................. 8
1.4 Drawings................................................................................................................................. 9
1.5 Coordination ........................................................................................................................... 9
1.6 Materials and Workmanship................................................................................................... 9
1.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ......................................................................................... 9
1.8 Quality Manual...................................................................................................................... 10
1.8.1 Submittals ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.8.2 Products ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.8.3 Execution....................................................................................................................... 11
1.8.4 Quality Control Organization ........................................................................................ 13
1.8.5 Inspection and Testing Requirements .......................................................................... 14
1.8.6 Plant Inspection ............................................................................................................ 16
1.8.7 Inspection and Test Plan ............................................................................................... 16
1.8.8 Documentation ............................................................................................................. 17
1.8.9 Corrective Action Requirements ................................................................................... 19
1.8.10 Monitoring by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.................................................... 19
1.8.11 Non-Compliance............................................................................................................ 20
1.8.12Measurement and Payment ............................................................................................... 20
2.0 SERVICE CONDITIONS................................................................................................................ 21
2.1. General ....................................................................................................................................... 21
3.0 SITE ACCESS, RIGHT OF WAY AND SURVEY ............................................................................... 22
3.1. Site Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 22
3.2. Surveying and Setting Out ......................................................................................................... 22
3.3. Damage ...................................................................................................................................... 22
4.0 EARTHWORKS RELATED TO BUILDINGS ...................................................................................... 23
 4.1. General ....................................................................................................................................... 23
4.2. Excavation .................................................................................................................................. 23
3.2.2 Removal of Water ......................................................................................................... 24
4.3. Filling .......................................................................................................................................... 24
4.3.1 Fill Below Ground Slabs................................................................................................. 24
5.0 MASONRY.................................................................................................................................. 25
5.1. General ....................................................................................................................................... 25
5.1.1 Approval of Supply Source ............................................................................................ 25
5.1.2 Samples, Testing and Submittals .................................................................................. 25
5.1.3 Product Handling .......................................................................................................... 25
5.1.4 Workmanship ................................................................................................................ 25
5.2.1 Preparation Requirements............................................................................................ 26
5.3 Masonry Laying ..................................................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Workmanship ................................................................................................................ 26
5.3.3 Laying of Blockwork ...................................................................................................... 27
5.3.4 Reinforcement .............................................................................................................. 28
5.3.5 Intersecting Walls and Partitions .................................................................................. 29
5.3.6 Connection between Walls or Partitions and Columns ................................................ 29
5.3.7 Protection of Finished Walling ...................................................................................... 29
6.0 ROOFING ................................................................................................................................... 30
6.1. General ....................................................................................................................................... 30
6.1.1 General Requirements ...................................................................................................... 30
6.2 Metal and Plastic Roofing ..................................................................................................... 30
6.2.1 Corrugated Metal Sheets .................................................................................................. 30
7.0 THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS ..................................................................................... 32
7.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 32
7.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 32
7.3 Materials ............................................................................................................................... 32
7.3.1 Submittals ..................................................................................................................... 32
7.4 Building Insulation ................................................................................................................ 32
7.4.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 32
7.4.2 Installation .................................................................................................................... 32
 7.4.3 Masonry Fill Insulation .................................................................................................. 33
8.0 CARPENTRY, JOINERY & IRONMONGERY .................................................................................. 34
8.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 34
8.1.1 General Description ...................................................................................................... 34
8.1.2 Moisture Content .......................................................................................................... 34
8.1.3 Storage of Materials...................................................................................................... 34
8.1.4 Wood Treatment........................................................................................................... 35
8.1.5 Insect Treatment ........................................................................................................... 35
8.2. Structural Timber (Rough Carpentry) ........................................................................................ 36
8.2.1 Product Delivery and Handling ..................................................................................... 36
8.2.2 Framing Materials ......................................................................................................... 36
8.3. Architectural Timber .................................................................................................................. 37
8.3.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 37
8.3.2 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling ....................................................................... 37
8.3.3 Moisture Content .......................................................................................................... 37
8.3.4 Preservative Treatment ................................................................................................ 37
8.4. Joinery ........................................................................................................................................ 38
8.4.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 38
8.4.2 Workmanship ................................................................................................................ 38
8.4.3 Timber Door Types ........................................................................................................ 38
8.4.4 Door and Window Frames, Sub-frames and Linings ..................................................... 39
8.5 Fasteners and Adhesives....................................................................................................... 39
8.5.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 39
8.5.2 Adhesive General Requirements .................................................................................. 39
8.6 Ironmongery (Hardware) ...................................................................................................... 40
8.6.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 40
8.6.2 Products ........................................................................................................................ 40
8.6.3 Fitting and Testing......................................................................................................... 40
8.6.4 Standard Ironmongery for Internal Doors .................................................................... 41
9.0 TERMITE CONTROL ................................................................................................................... 41
9.1 Material Requirements ......................................................................................................... 41
9.2 Construction Requirements .................................................................................................. 41
 9.3. Guarantee .................................................................................................................................. 42
10.0 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE......................................................................................... 43
10.1 Property Requirements......................................................................................................... 43
10.2 Transportation and Placing of Concrete ............................................................................... 44
11.0 DRAINAGE WORKS .................................................................................................................... 46
11.1 Internal Drainage Works ....................................................................................................... 46
11.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 46
11.1.2 Site Work ....................................................................................................................... 46
11.1.3 Fixing ............................................................................................................................. 46
11.1.4 Inspection...................................................................................................................... 46
11.2 Internal Drainage Pipework .................................................................................................. 46
11.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 46
11.2.2 Sanitary ware Installation ............................................................................................. 47
11.2.3 Flushing Cisterns for Toilets .......................................................................................... 47
11.2.4 Bowl Urinals .................................................................................................................. 47
11.2.5 Sinks .............................................................................................................................. 47
11.2.6 Showers ......................................................................................................................... 47
11.3 Commissioning of System ..................................................................................................... 48
11.3.1 System Description ....................................................................................................... 48
11.3.2 Submittals ..................................................................................................................... 48
11.3.3 Testing ........................................................................................................................... 48
11.3.4 Testing and Inspection of External Drainage Pipelines ................................................. 48
11.3.5 Water Test..................................................................................................................... 49
11.3.6 Air Test .......................................................................................................................... 49
12.0 BUILDING SERVICES – ELECTRICAL ............................................................................................ 50
12.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 50
12.2 Lighting Systems.................................................................................................................... 50
12.3 Small Power .......................................................................................................................... 52
12.4 Grounding Mat ...................................................................................................................... 53
13.0 PAINTING WORKS ..................................................................................................................... 54
13.1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 54
13.2 Submittals and Samples ........................................................................................................ 54
 13.2.1 Samples ......................................................................................................................... 54
13.2.2 List of Materials............................................................................................................. 54
13.2.3 Delivery, Storage, Handling and Product Marking ........................................................ 54
13.3 Surface Preparation for Painting........................................................................................... 55
13.3.1 Preparation ................................................................................................................... 55
13.3.2 Preparatory Materials ................................................................................................... 55
13.4 Preparation of Plastered and Rendered Surfaces ................................................................. 55
13.4.1 Execution and Workmanship ........................................................................................ 55
13.5 Preparation of Wood Surfaces .............................................................................................. 56
13.5.1 Execution and Workmanship ........................................................................................ 56
13.6 Preparation of Metal Surfaces .............................................................................................. 56
13.6.1 Execution and Workmanship ........................................................................................ 56
13.7 Paint Removers ..................................................................................................................... 57
13.7.1 Materials ....................................................................................................................... 57
13.8 Primers, Paints and Coatings ................................................................................................ 57
13.8.1 Application .................................................................................................................... 57
13.8.2. Primers and Undercoating ............................................................................................ 57
13.8.3 Workmanship ................................................................................................................ 58
13.8.4 Paints and Finish Coatings............................................................................................. 59
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Project Description

The intention of this Specification is to procure and construct for COMMUNITY OF

LEARNERS FOUNDATION, a modern, brand new, functional and well-designed School
Building, capable of continuous, efficient and reliable operation with minimum maintenance
under the environmental and operating conditions specified. To this end, structure and all
equipment supplied shall be of simple, robust and well-proven design, with adequate built-in
safety factors. The project shall be consistent with the standards in the construction industry,
and shall meet all applicable regulatory requirements particularly its compliance with the
National Building Code of the Philippines.

1.2. Scope of Work

1.2.1 Contractor Scope of Work

This specification covers the Supply, Delivery, Erection, Installation and Testing of the following
components, under the contract.
The Contractor shall provide all manpower, expertise, tools, equipment, supplies, materials and
facilities that are necessary for the satisfactory completion of the project.
The Contractor shall be responsible to set-up its staging area for the project. The contractor,
however, shall closely coordinate with OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE portions of land
the contractor intends to utilize in the execution of the works.
The scope of work shall include, but not limited to, the following:

1. Preparation of shop drawings, and bill of materials. Shop detail drawing shall be
submitted for approval prior to fabrication. Owner/Owner’s Representative shall likewise
review fabricator’s quality control procedure and agree on methods before fabrication
begins.

2. All works related to the establishment and preparation, clearing, earthworks, benching,
excavations, ground and storm water controls, slope stabilization structures/mitigating
measures.

3. Construction of foundations and the necessary soil improvements such as cement

grouting, and consolidation.

4. Erection and installation of steel structure and concrete structures.

5. The Contractor shall supply all materials needed in the installation of the electrical
system required for lightings, outlets, small power equipment and air- conditioning
system, telephone lines, etc. of the building according to approved plans, specifications
 and standards.

6. The Contractor shall supply the materials needed for roofing system, floor tiles, plumbing
and sanitary works.

7. Other works and materials not specifically listed above but necessary to make project
complete and ready to use.

1.2.2 Work Schedule

The duration of the contract/work package shall be ___ calendar days.

OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE will give to the Contractor the rights of access and
usage of the project area, storage yard and space for temporary office and warehouse.

1.3 Codes and Standards

The works shall conform to the laws and regulations existing in the Republic of the Philippines
and to the codes and standards hereinafter indicated. Where such standards are cited, it shall
be understood that the latest edition in effect at the time of contract signing shall be used.
Except where they are modified or superseded by this Specification or Drawings, the relevant
requirements of the standards, specifications or codes of practice either listed herein or referred
to in the text or both shall form part of this contract.

In referring to the standards, the following abbreviations have been used:

Abbreviation
Name

ACI American Concrete Institute

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials
AWS American Welding Society
ASEP Association on Structural Engineers of the Philippines
NEC National Electric Code
PEC Philippine Electrical Code
NESC National Electrical Safety Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Assn
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
ISO International Organization for Standardization
CCITT International Telegraph & Telephone Consultative Committee

Superstructure and foundations shall be designed in accordance with the most recent edition of:
National Structural Code of the Philippines’, Volume one, “Buildings, Towers, and other
Vertical Structures” 2010, Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP).
 ASEP Guide ‘Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures’, Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines, Inc., 1991 edition.

American Concrete Institute, ‘Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI
318-08)’

American Institute for Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design, 9th Ed.

Equipment or materials meeting other internationally accepted standards, which ensure an

equal or higher quality than the standards mentioned, will also be accepted subject to the
approval of OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

1.4 Drawings
The Contractor shall submit all necessary drawings for OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE’s approval on A-2 size sheets.

As-built drawings shall be submitted in both electronic (AutoCad) in CD and print formats.

1.5 Coordination
The Contractor shall be responsible for any day-to-day liaison with OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE(s), other power authorities, utilities and local authorities, where such
bodies’ services or amenities are located on or adjacent to the site.

The Contractor shall designate his duly authorized representative/s to attend all coordination
meetings with OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. Such representative/s shall have full
authority to decide on all matters pertaining to the project.

1.6 Materials and Workmanship

Workmanship and finishing works shall be equal to the best modern practice for construction,
fabrication, installation and erection notwithstanding any omission in this Specification or
Drawings. All parts of the Works shall be fabricated in accordance with shop drawings approved
by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

The Contractor shall replace and rework, free of charge, any defective materials or
workmanship respectively, discovered during construction and within the Defects Liability
Period.

1.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

General

This section describes the Contractor’s quality control requirements, duties, and responsibilities
during the execution of the work. The intent of this section is to require the Contractor to
establish a necessary level of control that will assure that the contract specification
requirements are and have been met.
The Contractor shall provide and maintain quality control staff of adequate size and technical
capabilities to ensure that the work is done in a satisfactory manner and in full compliance with
the terms and conditions of the contract and specifications.

The Contractor shall give OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE every opportunity to make

test and shall render assistance as is necessary to enable sampling and testing to be
carried out expeditiously. The making of such test and the time taken to interpret their results
shall not constitute grounds for a claim by Contractor for additional compensation or extension
of time.

The Contractor shall establish, provide, and maintain a Construction Quality Control (CQC) Plan
as specified herein, detailing the methods and procedures that will be taken to ensure that all
materials and completed construction elements conform to contract plans, technical
specifications, and other requirements, whether these elements be manufactured by the
Contractor, or procured from subcontractors or vendors. Although guidelines are established
and certain minimum requirements are specified herein and elsewhere in the contract technical
specifications, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that construction and
construction quality control are accomplished in accordance with the stated purpose and
specifications as described herein.

The Contractor shall be prepared to discuss and present, at the Preconstruction Conference,
their understanding of the quality control requirements. The Contractor shall not begin any
construction or production of materials to be incorporated into the completed work until the
Quality Control Program has been reviewed and approved by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE.

Quality control requirements contained in this section and elsewhere in the contract technical
specifications are in addition to and separate from any acceptance testing requirements.
Acceptance testing requirements are the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor shall
cooperate fully in facilitating the sampling and inspection necessary for and effective
acceptance testing requirements by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

The Contractor’s quality control group shall always maintain its independence and impartiality
from the Contractor’s fabrication and construction group.

1.8 Quality Manual

The Contractor shall submit for approval all his quality control procedures in the form of a
Quality Manual. This document shall be controlled and updated as required. The Manual shall
clearly define all quality control activities and allocate authority and responsibility to those in
charge so that the work is carried out in accordance with the contract specification and
applicable codes and standards.

The Manual shall include the Contractor's organization chart showing the relationship between
management, engineering, purchasing, construction, inspection, and quality control. The
Manual shall also include sample forms of test reports, inspection reports, data sheets and other
records necessary for maintaining a systematic documentation of all the quality control
activities.
1.8.1 Submittals

A. Prior to the start of any production, off-site fabrication, site preparation, excavation, or
capping, the Contractor shall submit the following documents to OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE for approval:

1. CQC (Contractor Quality Control) Plan

B. For each day of construction operations, the Contractor shall submit the following as part of
their Daily Construction Report:

1. Daily CQC Reports

2. Daily Inspection reports
3. Daily Test reports

1.8.2 Products
Products that are used to accomplish or be incorporated into the work of this section shall be as
selected by the Contractor, subject to approval of OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

1.8.3 Execution
Contractor Quality Control Program

The Contractor shall establish a Quality Control Program to perform inspection and testing of all
items of work required by the technical specifications, including those performed by
subcontractors. This Quality Control Program shall ensure conformance to applicable
specifications and plans with respect to materials, workmanship, construction, finish, and
functional performance. The Quality Control Program shall be effective for control of all
construction work performed under this Contract and shall specifically include surveillance and
tests required by the technical specifications, in addition to other requirements of this
section and any other activities deemed necessary by the Contractor to establish an
effective level of quality control.

Contractor Quality Control (CQC) Plan

a. The Contractor shall describe the Quality Control Program in a written document titled
“Contractor Quality Control Plan,” which shall be submitted to OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE not later than 14 days prior to the start of any production, off-site
fabrication, site preparation, excavation, or capping. The Contractor will not be allowed to
start any production, off-site fabrication, site preparation, excavation, or capping until the
CQC Plan is approved. The CQC Plan will be used to document inspections, monitoring,
surveys, and other actions to be taken by the Contractor to ensure that the work complies
with all Contract requirements.

b. The CQC Plan shall demonstrate the Contractor’s understanding of the total Quality Control
requirements of the Contract and generally how these will be used to control all processes
within material/construction tolerances and acceptance criteria.

c. The CQC Plan shall be organized to address, as a minimum, the following items:
 1. General requirements;
2. Quality control organization;
3. Inspection and testing requirements;
4. Inspection and test plan;
5. Documentation of quality control activities; and
6. Requirements for corrective action when quality control and/or acceptance
criteria are not met.

d. The Contractor is encouraged to add any additional elements to the CQC Plan deemed
necessary to adequately control all production and/or construction processes required by
this Contract.

e. Control of Non-conforming Items:

The CQC Plan shall include a non-conformance procedure that provides for the
identification, documentation, disposition, and control of non-conforming items, and
identifies the responsibilities for preparation, review, approval, and the proposed resolution.
In addition, the procedure shall include requirements for:

1. Documentation of re-inspection results

2. Tagging and segregation, whenever practical
3. Approval of repair or accept-as-is disposition by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE, prior to implementation
4. Review of completed non-conformance reports by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE.

Materials and items that do not conform to the applicable drawings, specifications, or
documents shall be identified as non-conforming and, whenever practical,
segregated to prevent their installation or inadvertent use. Non-conformances shall be
reviewed by the responsible personnel, and disposed of accordingly.

When the associated documentation for received material or items, such as material
inspection or test reports, Certified Material Test Reports, and Certificates of Compliance or
Conformance indicate that the material or items does not comply with the specification or
drawing requirements, the subject material or item shall be treated as non-conforming
and not used until the nonconformance is resolved.

f. Control of Special Processes:

The CQC Plan shall identify special processes and the means by which the
Contractor will ensure that they comply with the requirements of the applicable codes and
standards identified in the construction specifications. Personnel and procedures shall be
qualified in accordance with the requirements of the applicable code or standard identified
in the construction specification. When the construction specification requires procedures
and/or personnel qualifications in excess of those defined and required by the codes, the
additional requirements will be identified in the construction specification or additional
procedures or instructions by reference to the required industry code or standard, or by
specific description in the document.
 Procedures and/or instructions for the performance of special processes must be placed at
the work location prior to commencement of the work.

g. Control of Measuring and Test Equipment:

The CQC Plan shall establish a system for the calibration, maintenance, and control of
measuring and test equipment used by the Contractor during construction. Procedures
shall provide for the identification of each instrument or equipment item that requires
calibration or checking, and the establishment of a calibration system based on the elapsed
time or usage cycles.

Records of calibration shall be traceable to nationally recognized standards; otherwise, the

basis for calibration shall be established and documented. Calibration standards used
must meet the accuracy tolerance recommended by the manufacturer of the
equipment being calibrated.

h. The CQC Plan shall describe the responsibility, authority and interrelation of all personnel
who manage, perform, and verify work affecting quality. This shall include personnel who
need organizational freedom and authority to:

a. Initiate the actions necessary to prevent the occurrence of non- conformances.

b. Identify and record any product quality problems.
c. Initiate, recommend or provide solutions through designated channels,
d. Verify the implementation of solutions.
e. Control further processing, delivery or installation of non-conforming material or
items until the deficiency has been corrected.

1.8.4 Quality Control Organization

The Contractor's Quality Control Program shall be implemented by the establishment of a

quality control organization. An organizational chart shall be developed to show all quality
control personnel and how these personnel integrate with other management/production and
construction functions and personnel. The organizational chart shall be included in the CQC
Plan. Qualifications of all proposed personnel and independent testing labs shall be
documented and submitted in the CQC Plan.

The organizational chart shall identify all quality control staff by name and function, and shall
indicate the total staff required to implement all elements of the Quality Control Program,
including inspection and testing for each item of work. If necessary, different technicians can be
used for specific inspection and testing functions for different items of work. If an outside
organization or independent testing laboratory is used for implementation of all or part of the
Quality Control Program, the personnel assigned shall be subject to the qualification
requirements indicated below. The organizational chart shall indicate which personnel are
Contractor employees and which are provided by an outside organization.

a. The Contractor shall designate an individual within its organization who is responsible for
overall management of the Quality Control Program and has full authority to institute any
and all actions necessary for the successful implementation of the Quality Control Program
to ensure compliance with the Contract plans and technical specifications. This individual,
 termed the CQC Head, shall report directly to a responsible officer of the construction firm
and not to this project’s line management.

b. The CQC head’s qualifications shall be submitted to OWNER/OWNER’S

REPRESENTATIVE for review and approval. At the option of OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE, the candidate(s) for CQC Head shall be subject to interview by
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE prior to approval. The Contractor’s approved CQC
Head shall not be removed or replaced without prior written approval by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE.

c. The CQC Head shall have the authority to stop the work when and where deemed
necessary to ensure compliance with the Contract Documents.

d. Quality Control Personnel. The Contractor shall maintain a sufficient number of qualified
quality control personnel to adequately implement the Quality Control Program. The
Contractor shall provide sufficient qualified quality control personnel to monitor each
work activity at all times. Quality Control Personnel shall report directly to the CQC Head
and shall perform the following functions:

1. Inspection of all materials, construction, plant, and equipment for conformance to the
technical specifications, and as required by paragraph “Inspection and Testing
Requirements.”
2. Performance of all quality control tests as required by the technical specifications and
paragraph “Inspection and Test Plan.”

e. Where material is being produced in a plant for incorporation into the work, separate plant
and field technicians shall be provided at each plant and field placement location. The
scheduling and coordinating of all inspection and testing must match the type and pace of
work activity. The CQC Plan shall state where different personnel will be required for
different work elements.

The Contractor shall also submit a quality plan for each type of construction work which shall
include a list of activities with the corresponding required tests and monitoring or hold points by
the Contractor's quality control group. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE's authorized
representative shall also indicate their hold points on any activity, which they deem is necessary
upon review and approval of the quality plans. Hold points established by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE are mandatory and any construction activity shall not progress to the next
activity without the approval of OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE's authorized
representative.

1.8.5 Inspection and Testing Requirements

Quality control inspection functions shall be organized to provide inspections for all definable
features of work, as detailed below. All inspections shall be documented by the Contractor as
specified herein.

a. The CQC Plan shall establish a system for ensuring that all inspections are performed in
accordance with the Inspection and Test Plan defined in this section. The Contractor
shall use only inspection personnel who are independent of craft supervision and field
Engineering to perform quality verification inspection and testing.
b. The CQC Plan shall describe and specify control testing operations required to qualify,
demonstrate, or ensure the quality and characteristics of items, site conditions, or the
erection and construction of contract required items. All testing shall be performed in
accordance with the Inspection and Test Plan.

c. Modifications, repairs, and replacements required as a result of test failures will be treated
as non-conforming items and controlled in accordance with the controls for non-
conforming items.

d. Inspection and testing activities must be performed in accordance with procedures

that may be supplemented by specific or standard instructions, work operations, or
planning documents, including inspection plans delineating inspection hold points. The
inspection activities that shall be planned in advance include but not limited to:

1. Receiving inspection
2. Construction inspection and testing
3. Installation inspection and testing

e. Inspection and test activities shall have documentation reflecting the applicable inspections
or tests performed. Inspection and test procedures and instructions shall provide:

1. References to applicable documents, such as drawings, specifications, and procedures.

2. Identification of prerequisites and special-process control requirements, such as
personnel, procedure or equipment qualifications, suitable and controlled environmental
conditions, and calibrated instrumentation.
3. Identification of characteristics to be inspected.
4. Identification of individuals or groups responsible for performing the inspection.
5. Identification or frequency of inspection or sampling.
6. Provisions for establishing mandatory inspection hold points for witness by
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE or his/her authorized representative.
7. Requirements that inspection of modifications repairs, and replacements be performed in
accordance with either the original inspection procedure, instruction, plan, special
procedures or plans appropriate to the work activity.
8. Requirements that inspection and test records contain:
a. A description of the observation
b. Record of the date and results of the inspection or test, including any special
documentation and sign-off by the inspector
c. Inspector identification
d. Evidence as to acceptability of the results
e. Verification that inspection or test operations are complete and acceptable
f. Action taken to resolve any discrepancies noted
g. Adequate documentation to demonstrate that the completed inspections or
tests have met the objectives defined in the Inspection and Test Plan.

f. Inspections shall be performed daily to ensure continuing compliance with contract

requirements until completion of the particular feature of work. During field operations, quality
control test results and periodic inspections shall be utilized to ensure the quality of all
materials and labor. All equipment utilized in placing, finishing, and compacting shall be
inspected to ensure its proper operating condition and to ensure that all such operations
 are in conformance to the technical specifications and are within the plan dimensions, lines,
grades, and tolerances specified. The CQC Program shall document how these and other
quality control functions will be accomplished and utilized.

1.8.6 Plant Inspection

OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE or authorized representative may inspect, at its

source, any specified material or assembly to be used in the work. Manufacturing plants may be
inspected from time to time for the purpose of determining compliance with specified
manufacturing methods or materials to be used in the work and to obtain samples required for
acceptance of the material or assembly.

Should OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE conduct plant inspections, the following

conditions shall exist:

a. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE shall have the cooperation and assistance

of the Contractor and the producer contracted for materials.
b. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE shall have full entry at all reasonable times
to such parts of the plant that concern the manufacture or production of the materials
being furnished.
c. If required by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE, the Contractor shall arrange
for adequate office or working space that may be reasonably needed for conducting
plant inspections. Office or working space should be conveniently located with
respect to the plant.

It is understood and agreed that OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE shall have the right to
re-test any material that has been tested and approved at the source of supply after it has been
delivered to the site. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE shall have the right to reject only
material that when re-tested, does not meet the requirements of the contract, plans, or
specifications.

1.8.7 Inspection and Test Plan

a. As part of the overall Quality Control Program, the Contractor shall implement an Inspection
and Test Plan, as required by the individual technical specifications. The test plan shall
include the minimum tests and test frequencies required by each technical specification
item, as well as any additional quality control tests that the Contractor deems necessary to
adequately control production and/or construction processes.

b. The Contractor shall prepare an Inspection and Test Plan that identifies all inspection and
test activities required by the construction specification. The Inspection and Test Plan shall
be included in their CQC Plan, and shall include:

1. An itemized listing of inspection and test requirements

2. A reference of documents for each plan
3. Inspection and test methods employed in determining compliance
4. Documentation requirements necessary to show evidence of compliance
5. Identification of the inspection or test status for work in process by using work
sequence plans, inspection or test records, tags, markings, or other devices
 compatible with the item, system, or operation being inspected or tested. Work
sequence plans shall identify hold and witness points for inspections and tests, which
shall also be shown on the Project Schedule
6. Any other information or verification required to ensure compliance with contractual
requirements
7. Verification that material marking is visible and correct material has been used
8. Specification item number (e.g., P-401)
a) Item description
b) Test standard (e.g., ASTM)
c) Test frequency
d) Control requirements

c. The Inspection and Test Plan shall contain a statistically based procedure of random
sampling for acquiring test samples in accordance with ASTM D 3665. OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE shall be provided the opportunity to witness quality control sampling
and testing.

d. All quality control test results shall be documented by the Contractor as specified herein.

1.8.8 Documentation

A. The Contractor shall maintain current quality control records of all inspections and tests
performed. These records shall include factual evidence that the required inspections or
tests have been performed, including type and number of inspections or tests involved;
results of inspections or tests; nature of defects, deviations, causes for rejection, etc.;
proposed remedial action; and corrective actions taken.

B. Specific Contractor quality control records required for the contract shall include, but are not
necessarily limited to, the following records:

1. Certified test reports for off-site testing and inspections shall be submitted.

2. Quality Control Records are those documents that have been reviewed and accepted
by the Contractor as complete, correct, and legible. Quality Control Records shall
include the documents such as:
a) Drawings, specifications, procedures used for construction, procurement
documents, inspections, and test records
b) Submittals
c) Personnel and procedure qualification records
d) Material, chemical and physical property test results e) Certificates of
Compliance and shipment releases
f) Supplier surveillance records
g) Receiving inspection, storage, cleaning, and cleanliness control records
h) Non-conformance reports and corrective action.
Quality control records must cover both conforming and defective or deficient
features, and must include a statement that all supplies and materials
incorporated in the work are in full compliance with the terms of the contract.
Legible copies of these records shall be furnished to OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE daily as specified below. The records shall cover all work
placed subsequent to the previously furnished records and shall be verified and
 signed by the Contractor's Program Administrator.

3. Daily CQC Report. The Contractor shall prepare and maintain a Daily CQC Report of
operations. The Daily CQC Report shall be attached to the Contractor’s Daily Work
Activity Report. At a minimum, information in this Daily CQC Report shall include the
date, period covered by the report, equipment used description of activity, material
placed, and other relevant comments concerning conduct of the operation and
quality. The report shall include the results of all inspections, surveys, and
monitoring activities and shall be signed by the Contractor's Superintendent or CQC
Supervisor. The Daily CQC Report shall include the following elements:

A. Daily Inspection Reports. Each member of the Contractor’s quality control

personnel shall maintain a daily report of all inspections performed for both
Contractor and subcontractor operations on a form acceptable to
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. These daily inspection reports shall
provide factual evidence that continuous quality control inspections have been
performed and shall, as a minimum, include the following:

1. Technical specification item number and description

2. Compliance with approved submittals
3. Proper storage of materials and equipment
4. Proper operation of all equipment
5. Adherence to plans and technical specifications
6. Review of quality control tests
7. The daily inspection reports shall identify inspections conducted, results of
inspections, location and nature of defects found, causes for rejection, and
remedial or corrective actions taken or proposed. The daily inspection reports
shall be signed by the responsible quality control technician and the Program
Administrator and shall be attached to the Contractor’s Daily CQC Report.

B. Daily Test Reports. The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing a system
that will record all quality control test results. Daily test reports shall document the
following information:

1. Technical specification item number and description

2. Test designation
3. Location
4. Date of test
5. Control requirements
6. Test results
7. Causes for rejection
8. Recommended remedial actions
9. Retests

Daily test reports shall be signed by the responsible quality control personnel and
theCQC Head and shall be attached to the Contractor’s Daily Work Activity
Report. When required by the technical specifications, the Contractor shall
maintain statistical quality control charts.

C. Document Control
 The Contractor’s CQC Plan must require that Contractor-generated documents
pertaining to quality related items be controlled. The following types of documents
shall be on controlled distribution to ensure that changes to them are transmitted
and received when applicable:

1. Manuals
2. Instructions
3. Procedures
4. Specifications
5. Drawings
6. Inspection and test plans
7. Field change requests
8. Inspection Test and Manufacturing procedures

C. All Quality Control records shall be identified in the CQC Plan and maintained in the
Contractor’s job site files. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE shall be provided access
to these files when requested.

D. Upon the completion of the Contractor’s contractual activities, these files shall be turned over
to OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.
a. These files shall be both the Original hard copy and the E-files or soft copy.
b. Soft copies shall be the scanned copy of the hard copies and shall be in “PDF” format.
c. E-files or soft copies shall be saved in compact discs properly organized and labelled
for easy identification.

1.8.9 Corrective Action Requirements

A. The CQC Plan shall indicate the appropriate action to be taken when a process is deemed,
or believed, to be out of control (out of tolerance) and detail what action will be taken to
bring the process into control. The requirements for corrective action shall include both
general requirements for operation of the Quality Control Program as a whole, and for
individual items of work contained in the technical specifications.

B. The CQC Plan shall detail how the results of quality control inspections and tests will be
used for determining the need for corrective action and shall contain clear sets of rules to
gauge when a process is out of control and the type of correction to be taken to regain
process control.

C. When applicable or required by the technical specifications, the Contractor shall establish
and utilize statistical quality control charts for individual quality control tests. The
requirements for corrective action shall be linked to the control charts.

1.8.10 Monitoring by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE

A. All items of material and equipment shall be subject to oversight by OWNER/OWNER’S

REPRESENTATIVE at the point of production, manufacture, or shipment to determine if the
Contractor, producer, manufacturer, or shipper maintains an adequate quality control
system in conformance with the requirements detailed herein and the applicable technical
specifications and plans. In addition, all items of materials, equipment and work in place
shall be subject to surveillance by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE at the site for
 the same purpose.

Oversight by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE does not relieve the Contractor of

performing quality control inspections of either on-site or off-site Contractor’s or
subcontractor’s work.

B. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE may perform acceptance testing of all or portions

of the Work at his/her discretion.

1.8.11 Non-Compliance

A. OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE will notify the Contractor of any non-compliance

with any of the foregoing requirements. The Contractor shall, after receipt of such notice,
immediately take corrective action. Any notice, when delivered by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE or his/her authorized representative to the Contractor or his/her
authorized representative at the site of the work, shall be considered sufficient notice.

B. In cases where quality control activities do not comply with either the CQC Program or
the contract provisions, or where the Contractor fails to properly operate and maintain an
effective Quality Control Program, as determined by OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE, OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE may:

1. Order the Contractor to replace ineffective or unqualified quality control personnel or

subcontractors.

2. Carry out the functions and operations of the Contractor’s approved Quality Control
Program. Costs incurred by the Owner to operate the Quality Control Program or to
otherwise remedy the contractor’s non-compliance with quality related provisions of the
Contract shall be deducted from the total amount due the contractor. This deduction
shall be based on the actual cost to the Owner for operations of the Quality control
Program, as opposed to the amount that the contractor may have bid initially for Quality
Control Services.

3. Order the Contractor to stop operations until appropriate corrective actions are taken.

C. Any failure by OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE to notify the Contractor of any non-

compliance with any of the foregoing requirements shall not be deemed as a waiver of its
enforcement rights hereunder and that the Contractor is still bound by the terms and
conditions of said requirement.

1.8.12Measurement and Payment

No separate or extra payment shall be made to the Contractor for Quality Control. Payment for
Quality Control shall be included in all appropriate items on the Schedule of Prices for
which Quality Control is required.
2.0 SERVICE CONDITIONS
2.1. General
Design parameters shall be selected taking into account the tropical location conditions at the
site.

All plant and materials furnished under this Specification shall be installed under the following
service conditions. All Contractors’ guarantees shall be based on operation within these service
conditions:

- Altitude of Installation : Not exceeding 1000 meters

- Temperature Requirement
Ambient Temperature Range 00C to 400C
:
Operation Temperature Range : 00C to 550C
Transport and Storage : 0 C to 700C
0

Bidders should note that temperatures at night could drop rapidly at higher altitudes.

- Relative Humidity (RH)

For sheltered equipment materials : 75% to 95%

For unsheltered equipment materials : Up to 100%

including tropical rainfall

The annual average RH at the site value is 80.00 %.

- Maximum Design Wind velocity

Basic w/ 3 sec. gust : 200 kph

- Rainfall : Heavy approx. 2000 mm/year.

- Pollution Level : Heavy

The tropical location shall be taken into consideration when specifying equipment enclosures,
shipping and packing methods, electrical encapsulation, the on-site storage and the time of on-
site storage and other factors, which may be influenced by the environment.
3.0 SITE ACCESS, RIGHT OF WAY AND SURVEY
3.1. Site Conditions

Notwithstanding Bidder’s obligations to visit and acquaint themselves with all matters
pertaining to the execution of the Contract.

Maintenance of Access Road

The Contractor shall ensure that all access and access facilities utilized for construction of the
building are kept in a sound condition suitable for use by all OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE’s vehicles and other contractors at all times during the course of
construction under this Contract.

During the life of the Contract, the Contractor shall comply with all National and Local
regulations regarding barricades, detour arrangements and warning signs.

During the construction of the project, the Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance
of all storage areas, access roads and all areas and equipment used for work done by the
Contractor.

The Contractor shall, at all times, leave all unattended work sites tidy and free from stock
hazards or loose material that could blow around. Completed work site shall be cleaned up.

Immediately prior to the completion of the construction work, the Contractor shall restore the
surface and the drainage of all access utilized to a sound, stable condition and to the
satisfaction of OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE and shall hand it over in that condition.

3.2. Surveying and Setting Out

General

All surveys, check surveys and setting out works shall be performed by the Contractor
employing his suitably qualified, competent and experienced personnel.

Not less than 10 days prior to the commencement of the work, the Contractor shall submit to
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE, for approval, details of qualifications and experience
of personnel, a comprehensive program and the survey equipment proposed to be used for
surveying and setting out.

3.3. Damage

General

The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to avoid damage to land, roads, field
drains, fences, walls, hedges, gates, trees and the like and shall ensure that the work is
adequately supervised so that any damage is reduced to the minimum. Save as otherwise
provided, the Contractor shall be liable for all damages arising by or in consequence of the
works.

Contractor’s Responsibility

The Contractor’s liability for loss or damage shall extend to any such loss or damage resulting
from the employment of a Subcontractor. This does not relieve the Contractor of his liability for
all actions of his Subcontractor.

Fencing of Excavations

The Contractor shall ensure that when left-unattended open excavations are at all times
adequately fenced in order to prevent accident to the public and/or livestock.

4.0 EARTHWORKS RELATED TO BUILDINGS

4.1. General
This Section specifies the requirements for excavation and filling as necessary to facilitate the
construction of the building. It does not include earthworks associated with trenches for
pipelines or service ducts.

The Contractor shall be deemed to have examined the site and verified for himself the exact
nature and quality of the materials to be excavated. The Contractor shall carry out his own
survey of the existing ground levels and satisfy that the quantities of all excavated and imported
materials are correct.

4.2. Excavation

Scope
This Section specifies the requirements for the excavation for structures, culverts, headwalls,
catch basins, manholes, inlets, retaining walls and the like The work includes all necessary
clearing and grubbing and the disposal of all material resulting from such excavation.

The work also includes the provision, and subsequent removal, of all necessary bailing,
drainage, pumping, sheeting, strutting and crib construction.

Rates for excavation shall include for excavation in any material. Excavation in any material
shall include common excavation, side shoring, support systems, excavation in artificial
hard material and shall be inclusive of all encountered impediments, including roots,
boulders etc.
4.2.1 Excavation for Structures

1. Prior to Commencing any structural excavation work which is 1.5 m or greater in depth, the
Contractor shall design an excavation support system.

2. The Contractor shall submit to OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE representative(s)

the engineer calculations of lateral earth pressure for the full excavation depths, surcharge
 loads of any description, equipment loads, and forces at various stages of support during
excavation, the maximum design loads to be carried by various members of the support
system and strut pre-load forces.

3.2.2 Removal of Water

1. At locations where the excavation extends below the groundwater table, a dewatering system
is to be provided which will lower ambient groundwater levels. The resulting groundwater
level shall be at a depth which is sufficiently below the excavation level so as to allow the
safe and proper execution of the work. The resulting foundation level shall be astable, dry
sub-grade which is suitable for the execution of subsequent operations.

2. The Contractor is to design the dewatering methods and settling basins so that no critical
amounts of soil, sand or silt are removed during either the dewatering operations.

3. The dewatering system design should also include the details of measures required to
prevent damage due to settlement of roads, pavements, utilities, sewers, buildings and other
structures outside the excavation but within the area affected by the dewatering.

4.3. Filling

Scope

1. Excavation is only to be backfilled after the permanent works therein have been approved
and after the removal of any building debris or deleterious material from the excavations.

2. The backfill will be brought to a suitable level above grade to provide for anticipated
settlement and unless indicated otherwise, is to be sloped away from the structure.

4.3.1 Fill Below Ground Slabs

1. The installation of cable ducts for service entries and service pipework is to be completed
before placing of the fill to receive the ground slab.

2. The compacted fill or hardcore is to be shaped and trimmed to the required levels and
dimensions and blinded with sand.
5.0 MASONRY
5.1. General

This Section covers the products, erection and all associated accessories for construction of
concrete and clay masonry unit blockwork as well as requirements for glass block units, gypsum
units, and stonework.

5.1.1 Approval of Supply Source

1. All products supplied under this Section must be obtained from an approved source.

2. The Contractor will not be permitted to change his source of supply without the permission of
the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

5.1.2 Samples, Testing and Submittals

1. Samples of each type of masonry unit to be used shall be submitted to the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE for approval before use. All subsequent units are
to be up to the standard of the approved samples.

2. Initially, twelve (12) units will be selected by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE

from the first batch of units manufactured or delivered. The units shall be delivered by the
Contractor to an approved independent testing laboratory, or if the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE so directed, to the Government Materials Testing Laboratory.

3. A number of units to indicate colour range for exposed work to be submitted to the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE for approval prior to commencement of the
Works.

5.1.3 Product Handling

1. Masonry units delivered to the Site are to be carefully unloaded and handled so as to prevent
chipping and breakage. Tipping of units will not be allowed.

2. The units are to be stacked on a level area in an orderly manner on planks or other suitable
supports to ensure that they are free from contact with the ground. Stored units shall be kept
under waterproof covers.

3. Packaged materials shall be stored in their original containers.

5.1.4 Workmanship
1. Top of walls shall be covered with waterproof covering when the work is not in progress.

2. When starting or resuming work, loose mortar and foreign materials shall be cleaned from
the top surface of the work. Surfaces of clay type masonry shall be wetted before resuming
work.
3. Newly laid blockwork and brickwork shall be protected from the harmful effects of sunshine,
rain, drying wind, and surface water.

4. Blockwork shall be water cured for a minimum of three days.

5. Units that will be exposed to view in finished work shall be supplied in adequate quantities to
permit selection and mixing of brick from several deliveries in advance of laying. Units
shall be exposed to the atmosphere for minimum of two weeks before laying.

5.2. Mortar and Grout

5.2.1 Preparation Requirements

The required class of mortar, together with the type of mix, shall be as described in the Project
Documentation.

Mortar shall be mixed only as and when required in the relevant proportions indicated in Table
2.1, until its color and consistency are uniform. The constituent materials shall be accurately
gauged with allowance being made for bulking of sand.

Table 2.1

Mortar Mixes

Nominal Mix by Volume

Class Cement : Lime Putty Cement : Sand with Class Masonry

: Sand Plasticizer Cement : Sand

M1 1 : (0 to ¼) : 3 1 : (2½ to 3) M5 1 : (2 to 2½)
M2 1 : ½: (4 to 4½) 1 : (3 to 4) M6 1 : (2½ to 3½)
M3 1 : 1 : (5 to 6) 1 : (5 to 6) M7 1 : (4 to 5)
M4 1 : 2 : (8 to 9) 1 : (7 to 8) M8 1 : (5½ to 6½)

The inclusion of mortar plasticisers will not be permitted without approval of the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

All mortar shall be conveyed fresh to the works as required for use. Mortar which has begun to
set or which has been site-mixed for a period of more than one hour in the cases of Classes M1,
M2, M5 and M6, and two hours in the case of classes M3, M4 M7 and M8 shall not be used.

5.3 Masonry Laying

5.3.1 Workmanship
Work is to be performed by experienced workers under the direction of a qualified supervisor
who is fully aware of the Project requirements. Final work is to be equal to any sample panels
submitted to, and approved by, the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.
5.3.2 Blockwork
The average thickness of both vertical and horizontal mortar joints is to be 10 mm exclusive of
any key in the joint surfaces of the unit.

Table 5.1

Setting Out of Blockwork

Item of Construction Type of Dimensions Permissible

Deviation
(mm)
Space between walls At floor 20
At Soffit 30
Size and shape of Height up to 3,000 mm 40
wall Straightness in 5,000 mm 8
elements Verticality up to 2,000 mm Level of bed joints in 15
3,000 mm 15

Walls Position in plan of any point 15

or specified face in relation to nearest grid line on
the same level

Door, window and Position in elevation from design position 15

other
openings Level of sill or soffit for each 1,000mm of width 5
with maximum of 15

Verticality of any point for each 1,000 mm of height 5

with maximum of
15

5.3.3 Laying of Blockwork

1. Block walls are to be built from undamaged blocks in stretcher bond unless otherwise
specified.

2. All bed and vertical joints are to be spread with mortar to ensure complete and solid bedding
and grouting through the full thickness of the wall. All keys in jointed surfaces must be
completely filled.

3. Mortar extending into the cavities of hollow blocks which are to be reinforced and filled shall
be removed.
4. Each block is to be adjusted to its final position in the wall whilst the mortar is still plastic.
Any block which is moved after the mortar has stiffened shall be removed and relaid with
fresh mortar.

5. Half blocks and special blocks are to be used as required to ensure correct bonding.

6. All perpends, quoins and joints are to be kept true and square, other angles are to be
plumbed and bed joints levelled as the work proceeds.

7. The work is to be carried out course by course not leaving any part more than 800 mm lower
than another. Work, which is left at different levels, is to be racked (stepped) back to the
approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE(s).

8. In cavity wall construction both leaves are to be carried up together, not leaving any leaf
more than 400 mm below the other.

9. Partitions shall be 100 mm thick unless otherwise noted. Partitions having lavatories or
other plumbing fixtures secured to them back-to-back (or approximately so) are to be a
minimum of 150 mm thick. Solid concrete masonry units shall be built in where full units
cannot be used or where needed for the fixing of accessories. Bells or hubs of pipes must
be completely enclosed.

10. When new masonry partitions start on existing floors, the existing floor finish material is to
be cut down to the concrete surface. New masonry partitions are not to abut any existing
plastered surfaces, except suspended ceilings.

5.3.4 Reinforcement
1. Vertical bars shall be supported near each end, and at intermediate intervals not exceeding
80 bar diameters.

2. Horizontal reinforcement shall be set in a full bed of grout.

3. Reinforcement shall be spliced or attached to dowels by placing in contact and wiring

together. Vertical bar reinforcement is to be properly positioned and secured against
displacement. The cavities containing the reinforcement are to be completely and solidly
filled with the specified concrete. The whole surface of the reinforcement is to be in contact
with the mortar or concrete. The minimum clear distance between the vertical bars and the
block is to be 12 mm.

4. At the time of placement, steel reinforcement is to be free from loose flaky rust, mud, oil, or
other coatings that will destroy or reduce the bond.

5. The minimum clear distance between reinforcing and masonry units shall be 12mm.

6. The minimum clear distance between parallel bars shall be one bar diameter.

7. Vertical steel reinforcement shall be held in place by centering clips, caging devices, or other
 approved methods.

8. Splices shall be staggered in adjacent reinforcing bars. Reinforcing bars shall be lapped at
splices at a minimum of 40 bar diameters.

5.3.5 Intersecting Walls and Partitions

1. Walls and partitions are to be bonded or tied to one another at junctions, unless movement
joints are indicated.

2. If ties are used they should consist of 3 x 20 mm stainless or galvanized steel as directed by
the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE fully embedded in the horizontal mortar joints
at vertical spacing not exceeding 600 mm.

3. The ends of the ties are to project a minimum of 75 mm into each wall or partition.

5.3.6 Connection between Walls or Partitions and Columns

1. All connections between block walls or partitions and concrete or steel columns are to be
reinforced at maximum 400 mm centres by means of stainless steel or zinc coated
expanded metal as directed by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE or
approved proprietary ties shot fired to the column and built into and fully embedded in the
mortar joints of the block walls or partitions.

2. Stainless steel or expanded metal ties as directed by the OWNER/OWNER’S

REPRESENTATIVE are to be a width that will allow 20 mm clearances from each face of
the wall or partition and be embedded for a minimum distance of 200 mm in the mortar joint.

5.3.7 Protection of Finished Walling

All newly or partially built walls are to be protected against drying out too rapidly in the sun’s
heat by covering with hessian or other approved material which is to be kept wet for a minimum
of 3 days.
6.0 ROOFING
6.1. General

6.1.1 General Requirements

1. Before commencing installation of the roof, waterproofing and insulation system, all
construction works and installations above roof level are to be completed as far as
possible. Particular care is to be taken to ensure:

a. all rainwater, plumbing, air-conditioning and ventilation duct outlets have been fixed in
position and are protected against blockage or accidental damage
b. supports to ductwork, pipework, cable trays and the like have been installed
c. all kerbs to roof lights, access doors, plant and water tanks have been installed
d. all chases for skirtings, etc., have been prepared.

2. The surface of the roofing substructure is to be clean and dry, free from ridges or
indentations, laid to falls as required and not contaminated with oil or other deleterious
matter.

3. No waterproofing membrane is to be applied until the roofing substructure has been

inspected and approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

6.2 Metal and Plastic Roofing

6.2.1 Corrugated Metal Sheets

1. Profiled aluminium sheets shall comply with BS 4868 and be manufactured from aluminium
alloy to BS EN 485, material designation 3103-H8, with a minimum tensile strength of 175
N/mm unless otherwise specified, Profile S, with a minimum thickness of 0.9 mm shall
be installed.

2. Hop-Dip zinc coated corrugated steel sheets shall comply with BS 3083 and shall have a
sheet thickness of 0.9 mm and minimum 450 g/m zinc coating.

3. The sheeting is to be laid with the open joint of side laps away from the prevailing wind. The
Contractor is to obtain the approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE as to
which end of the structure the laying is to commence before beginning sheeting work.

4. The eaves course are to be laid first and subsequent sheets laid in tiers up to the roof from
eaves to ridge, aligning sheets on both slopes on double pitched roofs.

5. Corrugations or troughs are to be in line from eaves to ridge and eaves and verges are to
maintain proper alignment.

6. Sheets are to be cut to clean, true lines with no distortion. All burrs, drilling swarf or dust and
any other foreign matter to be removed before positioning sealing strips, filler pieces and
washers.
7. Fittings are to be fixed, where possible, by the same bolts that secure the sheeting.

8. Filler pieces shall be installed between the corrugations or troughs and flat surfaces or
supports at the end of sheet runs wherever necessary to ensure airtightness of the
structure.

9. A movement joint shall be provided in all lengths over 45 m. The joint is to be formed by
installing an approved proprietary movement joint cover in a suitably sized space between
the sheets.
7.0 THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS
7.1 General

7.2 Introduction
This Section covers the type, quality and application of exterior wall and roof insulation, damp-
proof courses, waterproof membranes; and related joints, caulking and insulation.

7.3 Materials

7.3.1 Submittals
1. The Contractor shall submit to OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE the manufacturer’s
literature and data for the following:

a. thermal insulation, each type used

b. adhesives, each type used
c. tape

2. The Contractor shall submit to OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE details of all

insulation materials to be installed. The details shall include, but not be limited to, the type,
dimensions and thermal insulating properties of the insulation. References to all applicable
standards shall be included with the submission.

7.4 Building Insulation

7.4.1 General
1. Various types of insulation may be specified for varying conditions or wall construction. The
BS classification system is to be used for insulation material.

2. The Contractor shall use only one type of insulation in any particular area where more than
one type is optional unless approved otherwise by the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE.

3. Adhesives shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the insulation.

4. Tape used to seal cuts, tears or unlapped joints of insulation shall have pressure sensitive
adhesive on one face.

7.4.2 Installation
1. Insulation shall be installed with the vapour barrier facing the heated side, unless specified
otherwise.

2. Rigid insulating units shall be installed with joints close and flush, in regular courses and with
cross-joints broken.
3. Batt or blanket insulation shall be installed with tight joints and filling framing void completely.
Seal cuts, tears, and unlapped joints with tape.

4. Insulation shall be fitted tight against adjoining construction and penetrations, unless
specified otherwise.

7.4.3 Masonry Fill Insulation

1. Fill insulation shall be poured into cavity voids of masonry units from the tops of walls, or
from a sill where windows or other openings occur.

2. The fill insulation shall be poured in lifts of not more than 6 metres.
8.0 CARPENTRY, JOINERY & IRONMONGERY
8.1 General

8.1.1 General Description

1. Except in Class 1 finish work, defects arising from manufacture and knots may be cut or
bored out and replaced with a plug or inserts of the same species, well glued in. The plug is
to be the full depth of the hole and the grain to be in the direction of the grain of the piece
into which it is inserted. The width of any plug or insert should not be more than 6 mm
greater than the maximum limit of the knot size.

2. In jointed panels each piece is to be of the same species and in Class 1 finish work all the
exposed surfaces of each piece are to have the same character of grain and are to be
matched.

8.1.2 Moisture Content

1. All timber is to be kept in stores, properly stacked, for a minimum period of three months to
ensure conditioning to a maximum moisture content from time of delivery and during site
storage to be no more than the following:

a. timber 50mm and less in thickness to have a moisture content of 19% or less
b. boards to have a moisture content of 19% or less
c. timber over 50mm thick to have a moisture content of 25% or less.

2. Particular care is to be taken to ensure that all carpentry and joinery timbers, plywood,
blockboard and other timber based composite board, whether in prefabricated or loose
form, are delivered and maintained at the required maximum moisture content stated.
Refer to BS 6566 Part 5 for moisture content in plywood.

3. When instructed by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE , the Contractor is to make

available a moisture meter for the testing of moisture content on site. The test is to be
carried out according to the instrument manufacturer’s instructions at a point not nearer than
600 mm from either end or at the centre if the length is less than 1200 mm.

8.1.3 Storage of Materials

1. The Contractor is to comply with the following requirements when dealing with structural
timbers (rough carpentry):

a. protect timber and other products from dampness both during and after the delivery to
the site.
b. pile timber in stacks in such a manner as to provide air circulation around the surfaces of
each piece.
c. stack plywood and other board products so as to prevent warping.
d. locate stacks on well drained areas, supported at least above ground and cover as
necessary for protection from driving rain and prolonged sun exposure, whilst providing
ventilation.
2. The Contractor is to comply with the following requirements when dealing with architectural
timber (finished carpentry and shopwork).
a. joinery is to be stacked on bearers on level, dry floors. Components are to be staggered
or separated with spacers as necessary to prevent damage by and to projecting
ironmongery, beads, etc.
b. components which cannot be immediately unloaded into conditions of storage
recommended by the manufacturer or approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE are not to be delivered to the site.
c. during transit and while stored on site, doors are to be stacked horizontally in piles,
each pile on not fewer than three cross bearers laid level and true.

8.1.4 Wood Treatment

1. In accordance with the Project Documentation, provide certification as specified that required
preservation treatment or fire retardant has been completed, or in the absence of specific
requirement that at minimum the manufacturers required standard application has been used.

2. Provide a sample of woodwork as indicated by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE

with required coatings or treatment application for testing where required.

3. The preservative treatment is to be applied by pressure impregnation or the double vacuum

process. Dipping, deluging, spraying, brushing or other methods which only provide shallow
protection are not permitted.

4. The treatment to be carried out under factory conditions at the source of supply of the timber
and the Contractor is to provide a Certificate of Impregnation when required by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

5. Treatment is to be carried out after all cutting and shaping has been completed. If
subsequent cutting of the timber is unavoidable all freshly exposed surfaces are to receive a
liberal application of the preservative recommended in the relevant treatment specification.

6. Each piece of treated material will bear identification of the testing agency and will show the
performance rating. Treatment and performance inspection is to be by an independent and
qualified testing agency that establishes performance ratings.

8.1.5 Insect Treatment

1. All hardwood and softwood for permanent incorporation in the Works is to be treated with
preservative to provide protection against damage from insect larvae, termites and fungal
decay to BS 6566, Part 7. Organic solvent type preservatives are to contain a water
repellent. Certificates are to be provided confirming all necessary treatments required have
been completed.
8.2. Structural Timber (Rough Carpentry)

8.2.1 Product Delivery and Handling

1. Protect lumber and other products from dampness both during and after delivery at site.

2. Pile lumber in stacks in such manner as to provide air circulation around surfaces of each
piece. Stack plywood and other board products so as to prevent warping.

3. Locate stacks on a well-drained area, supported at least six inches above grade and cover
as necessary for protection from driving rain and prolonged sun exposure whilst providing
ventilation.

8.2.2 Framing Materials

1. Unless otherwise specified, each piece of lumber is to bear the grade mark, stamp, or other
identifying marks indicating grades of material, and rules or standards under which
produced.

2. Size references, unless otherwise specified, are nominal sizes, and actual sizes to be within
manufacturing tolerances allowed by the standard under which the product is produced.

3. Framing timber is to have a minimum extreme fibre stress in bending of 7500 kPa unless
otherwise approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

4. Each sheet of plywood is to bear the mark of a recognized association or independent

inspection agency which will maintain continuing control over the quality of the plywood.
The mark is to identify the plywood by veneer grade, group number, span rating where
applicable, and glue type.

5. In plywood having more than 3 plies, the faces, and all plies with the grain running in the
same direction as the faces, to have a combined thickness of between 40% and 60% of the
total thickness of the plywood.

6. The direction of the grain of the veneer is to be at right angles in adjacent plies except in the
case of boards comprising an even number of plies, when the grain of the center is to follow
the same direction.

7. Timber for carpentry work is to be finished sawn to the sizes shown on the drawings. A
tolerance of +3.0 mm to -0.5 mm is permissible.

8. Joints are to be constructed so that they will transmit the loads and resist the stresses to
which they will be subjected. The surfaces should be in good contact over the whole area of
the joint before fastenings are applied. Unless otherwise specified all joints are to be
secured with a suitable type and sufficient number of nails.

9. Holes for bolts are to be drilled from both sides of the timber. No nails, screws or bolts are to
be placed in split ends. If splitting is likely holes for nails are to be predrilled at diameters
 not exceeding four-fifths of the nail.

8.3. Architectural Timber

8.3.1 Scope
This part includes specifications for fabrication and installation of exterior and interior finished
carpentry and millwork, and plastic laminate covered counters, cabinets, and other such items.

8.3.2 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling

1. Protect shopwork items from dampness both during and after delivery to site.

2. Store finished shopwork in weathertight well ventilated structures or in space in existing

buildings designated by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

3. Do not install finished shopwork in any room or space where concrete, masonry, or plaster
work is not completed and dry.

4. Members are to bear the grade mark, stamp, or other identifying marks indicating grades of
materials, and rules or standards under which produced.

8.3.3 Moisture Content

1. Moisture content of timber and shopwork at the time of delivery to the site should be as
follows:

a. interior finished timber, trim and shopwork 30 mm or less in thickness, moisture content
to be 12 % minimum on 85 % of the work and a maximum of 15 % on the
remainder.
b. exterior treated or untreated finished timber 100 mm or less in thickness, moisture
content to be 15 % minimum.

8.3.4 Preservative Treatment

1. All softwood for permanent incorporation in the Works to be treated with preservative to
provide protection against damage from insect larvae, termites and fungal decay. Organic
solvent type preservatives are to contain water repellant.

2. The preservative treatment is to be applied by pressure impregnation or the double vacuum

process. Dipping, deluging, spraying, brushing or other methods which only provide shallow
protection are not permitted.

3. The treatment is to be carried out under factory conditions at the source of supply of the
timber and the Contractor is to provide a Certificate of Impregnation when required by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.
8.4. Joinery

8.4.1 Scope

This part specifies workmanship and special detail construction for doors, windows, architraves,
beads, and timber skirting, and speciality wood flooring of block or parquet strips.

8.4.2 Workmanship
1. Timber used for joinery work is to be finished to the sizes indicated in the Project
Documentation.
2. Exposed and semi-concealed joinery is to be planed and sanded to remove all machinery
and other surface defects so that after application of the specified finish imperfections in
manufacture will not be apparent.
3. Exposed edges and corners are to be sanded off to form a “pencil rounded” arris.
4. Architraves, cover fillets, skirtings and the like are to be accurately shaped to fit the contour
of any irregular surface against which they are required to form a close connection.

8.4.3 Timber Door Types

1. Minimum door leaf thickness is to be:

a. internal door 40 mm
b. external door 45 mm

2. Solid core doors to be comprise of softwood timber battens laminated together with a
minimum 4mm plywood skin. The core laminations softwood is to be a maximum 50 mm
wide and are to be laid alternately to balance stresses.

3. Semi-solid core doors are to contain a minimum 50% timber and are to be constructed on
the stressed skin principle having a minimum 4 mm plywood skin.

4. Doors are to be hardwood lipped on both horizontal and vertical edges. Lippings to be solid
and measured at least 8 mm on the face of the door. Lippings to doors with a Class 1 finish
are to match the face skin.

5. If the construction of the door is such that the lock, hinges or bolts can only be fitted where
blocks are provided to receive them, the position and extent of the blocks are to be
indicated by a suitable markings on the edge of the door. Where a surface mounted closer
or a flush bolt is specified, blocks shall also be suitably positioned to receive them.

6. Where a flush or mortised door closer is specified a solid timber rail insert minimum
75 mm wide is to be provided for all door types. Closers are to not be fixed to the end grain
of solid core doors.

7. Openings for glazing or grilles in semi-solid core doors are to be formed with a sub-frame all-
round the opening minimum 36 mm wide.
8. The maximum deviation from a true plane on either face of a door when measured
by a straightedge is to be:

a. bow in length : 3 mm
b. horizontal bow : 2 mm
c. deviation from the true plane (twist) : 4 mm
d. the ends of the braces are to be splay notched to the ledges and the ends of the
ledges set back 15 mm from the edges of the door. The direction of the braces should
be upwards from the hanging stile.

8.4.4 Door and Window Frames, Sub-frames and Linings

1. Frames, sub-frames and linings are collectively referred to as “frames” in this Part.

2. Frames are to be manufactured with either mortise and tenon or tongued joints so as to be
square and flat.

3. Frames to be fixed plumb, level and securely to prevent deflection or movement.

4. Frames which are to be built-in are to be temporarily braced sufficient to prevent distortion.

5. Frames to previously prepared openings are to be fixed with screw fastenings at maximum
450 mm centres. One fastening is to be located 200 mm from the bottom of the frame and
one 200 mm from the top.

6. Packing between the frame and reveal to accurately position the frame in a previously
prepared opening is to be hardwood, located only where the fastenings tighten against
the reveal.

7. Screw fastenings are to extend into the structural reveal by at least 40 mm or the thickness
of the frame excluding any stop, whichever is the greater.

8. Door frames which occur in wet areas should not extend below the finished floor level.

8.5 Fasteners and Adhesives

8.5.1 Scope
This part deals with the specification of fasteners and adhesives.

8.5.2 Adhesive General Requirements

1. Furnish rough hardware, except nails, with standard plating, applied after punching, forming
and assembly of parts. Galvanized anchors and bolts (with nuts and washers), straps, and
hangers except bolts may be cadmium plated, or zinc-coated by electro-galvanizing
process. Aluminium-alloy nails, plated nails, or zinc-coated nails, for nailing woodwork
exposed to weather are to be used. Bolt heads and nuts bearing on wood should be fitted
with washers. For work exposed to the weather, washers of cast iron, or zinc or cadmium
coated steel are to be used. Special nails as required for use with ties, anchors, framing
 connectors, joint hangers and similar items are to be used in accordance with the item
manufacturer’s instructions or as directed by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

2. Joist Ties: Are to be mild steel flats, 5 mm by 32 mm size with ends bent 30 degrees from
horizontal, and extending at least 40 mm onto the framing. Each end to be punched for
three spikes.

3. Wall anchors for Joists and Rafters: Provide a mild steel strap, 5 mm by 32 mm with wall
ends bent 50 mm, or provide 9.5 mm by 127 mm pin through the strap and build into
masonry. Provide anchors parallel to framing long enough to extend at least 406 mm
onto framing and punch for three spikes. Provide anchors at right angles to framing; long
enough to extend onto three joists or rafters, punched for spiking at each bearing.

8.6 Ironmongery (Hardware)

8.6.1 Scope
This part deals with the specification of ironmongery items.

8.6.2 Products
1. The Contractor is to provide and fix ironmongery required by the Project Documentation
complete, including all necessary screws, bolts, plugs and other fittings. The use of nails for
fixing ironmongery will not be permitted. The Contractor to hand over all work in a finished
state and to the satisfaction of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE .

2. The Contractor will be required to submit for approval samples of all items of ironmongery
that he proposes to use.

3. The finish of the various items of ironmongery is to be as described in the Project

Specification or shown on the Drawings.

4. Ironmongery not obtainable from the same range and/or manufacturer as the general
ironmongery for the Works is to match the general ironmongery as closely as possible.

5. Ironmongery to metal windows and doors is generally to match the general framing and is to
be supplied and fixed with matching metal fixing screws and bolts and additional plates.

8.6.3 Fitting and Testing

1. All screws used for fixing ironmongery are to be of the correct type, material, finish, size and
shape to the approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

2. The hinges on which doors, windows, flyscreen doors, etc., are hung are to be carefully
housed or let into the door, window, flyscreen doors, etc., and to the frames.

3. All fittings are to be removed before commencing any painting operations and are to be
refixed in place after all painting works are completed and approved by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.
4. All ironmongery is to be carefully wrapped and protected until the completion of the work and
any items or parts which are damaged or defaced or found to be defective are to be
replaced at the Contractor’s expense before handing over.

5. All floor and door springs are to be fully charged with oil and their operation checked to the
satisfaction of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

6. Hinges are to be fitted in a standard position 250 mm from the top or bottom edge of the door
to the centre of the hinge. Where a third hinge is fitted it is to be located centrally between
the top and bottom hinges.

8.6.4 Standard Ironmongery for Internal Doors

1. Each door leaf is to be fitted with 1½ pairs of 100 x 75 mm satin anodized aluminium,
stainless steel or brass, double stainless steel washered butts unless otherwise noted in the
Particular Project documentation and drawings.

2. All locks are to be provided with 2 keys on a key ring neatly labelled.

3. ‘Master Key’ locking systems are as stated in the Project Documentation.

4. All knob sets are to include for the appropriate mortise latch or lock with a 70 mm backset
and with standard face-plates and roses unless otherwise noted.

9.0 TERMITE CONTROL

9.1 Material Requirements
Termite control chemicals or toxicants shall be able to immediately exterminate termites or
create barriers to discourage entry of subterranean termites into the building areas. The
toxicants may be classified into the following types according to use.
Type-1 Liquid Termite Concentrate
This type of toxicant shall be specified for drenching soil beneath foundations of the proposed
building. The concentrated shall be diluted with water in the proportion of
1 liter of concentrated material to 65 liters of water or as specified by manufacturer.

Type-2 Liquid Termicide Ready Mixed Solution

This type of toxicants which comes in ready mixed solution shall be used as wood preservative
by drenching wood surfaces to the point of run off.

9.2 Construction Requirements

Before any termite control work is started, thorough examination of the site shall be undertaken
by the contractor so that the appropriate method for soil poisoning can be applied. The
Contractor shall coordinate with other related trades, through the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE to avoid delay that may arise during the different phases of application of
the termite control chemicals.
Soil Poisoning Treatment
1. Cordoning. This method is adopted when there is no visible evidence of thermite
infestation. Trenches in concentric circles, squares or rectangles are dug 15 to 22
centimeters wide and at least one meter apart and applied with Type 1 working
solution of 8 liters per linear meter.
2. Drenching. When soil show termite infestation, this method shall be thoroughly
drenched with Type 1 working solution at the rate of 24 liters per square meter.

9.3. Guarantee
The Contractor shall give in Service Guarantee covering the treatment of termite infestation or
the repetition of the above stated termite control services without extra cost to the Owner if any
infestation of recurrence or infestation occurs during the guarantee period of one year.
10.0 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
10.1 Property Requirements
This Part includes Grades 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 of concrete to be used in the Works, and
the requirements for workability, permeability, and drying shrinkage.

Submittals 1
The Contractor shall submit details of mix designs to the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE for approval.

Grades of Concrete
Grades of concrete to be used in the construction shall in general be as shown in Table
6.1. Where different grades of concrete are required the design of the mix shall follow the
requirements of this specification.

Where adequate workability is difficult to obtain at the maximum water-cement ratio allowed, the
use of plasticisers or water reducing admixtures may be considered. Alternatively an
increase in cement content may be considered at the discretion of the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE where this will not adversely affect the durability of the concrete.

Cement contents in excess of 400 kg/m3 shall not be used unless special consideration has
been given to reduce thermal stress in the concrete, and approval has been obtained from the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

Design of Concrete Mixes

At the start of the construction period, the Contractor shall design a mix for each grade
of concrete listed in Table 6.1 that is required to be built into the Works.

For concrete using other than moderately sulphate resisting Portland cement (ASTM Type II) or
incorporating admixtures, the strengths shall not be less than those specified in Table 6.1, but
the mix designs shall be revised and agreed with the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

Trial Mixes

As soon as the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE has approved the concrete mix design
for each grade of concrete and during or following the carrying out of the preliminary tests, the
Contractor shall prepare a trial mixes of each grade in the presence of the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE at least 35 days before commencement of
concreting. Trial mixes shall be mixed for the same time and handled by means of the same
plant which the Contractor proposes to use in the Works. Each trial mix shall comprise not less
than 0.5 m3 of concrete.

Where ready mix concrete is being used, the above requirement may be waived at the
discretion of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE if the Contractor has documented
previous experience of a particular mix design with test results available.

A full scale test of the workability of each trial mix of each grade of concrete shall be made by
the Contractor in the presence of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. The trial mix of
each grade of concrete shall be batched, mixed and then transported a representative
distance in the manner that the Contractor proposes to batch, mix and transport the
concrete to be placed in the Works. After discarding the first batch so made, the concrete
from later batches shall be placed and compacted in trial moulds both for reinforced and mass
concrete with dimensions typical of the Works. The sides of the moulds shall be capable of
being stripped without undue disturbance of the concrete placed therein. The sides of the
moulds shall be stripped after the concrete has set and the workability judged on the
compaction obtained. If the workability test shows that the workability required is not
attained for any trial mix for any class of concrete, the trial mix shall be redesigned by
the Contractor and a further full scale workability test shall be undertaken for that trial mix of
concrete.

The Contractor shall declare any change in the source of the material and any changes in the
cement content consumption greater than 20.0kg/m³ from that used in the trial mixes.

Quality and Testing

The Contractor shall supply all necessary moulds for tests, shall cast all cubes, strip
and store them in water. He shall also arrange for the transport of cubes to the place of testing
and shall supply the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE with duplicate copies of all test
certificates.

Slump tests shall be carried out at the rate of one test per load of concrete delivered to the site,
or one test per 10 m3 whichever is the lesser. The maximum slump, measured at the point of
placing the concrete shall not be less than 75mm –15/+35 mm for general concrete work and
not less than 100 mm –20/+40 mm for pumped concrete. The use of either or both admixtures
or additives to meet these requirements will not be permitted unless approved by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. Any variations from these slumps necessitated by
the use of super plasticisers or other admixtures or additives shall be approved by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

Samples for works cylinder tests shall be taken at the average rate of one sample every 30 m3
of concrete, with a minimum of one sample taken of each mix every day the mix is used. A
sample consists of six cubes, three to be tested at 7 days, two at 28 days and one to
be tested at the discretion of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. Additional cylinder
may be prepared as directed by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

Test reports for strength shall contain the tests required above and the information listed
below:

(a) Name of the Contractor

(b) Identification of mixer or ready mix supplier and department
(c) Grade of concrete
(d) Type of cement
(e) Section of work represented by sample

10.2 Transportation and Placing of Concrete

Transportation
The Contractor shall ensure that the time between placing of different lifts or layers of
concrete is short enough to prevent the formation of cold joints. The Contractor shall ensure that
there is a backup plant that can be used in the event of a breakdown, and that adequate
provision has been made for the number of delivery trucks.

Concrete shall be handled from the place of mixing to its place in the Works within 60
min unless retarders have been incorporated in the mix that have satisfactorily demonstrated
that workability and other properties can be retained, and that approval is obtained in writing
from the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

Placing Concrete
The Contractor shall obtain the approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE to
his proposed arrangements before beginning concreting.

All placing and compacting of concrete shall be carried out under the direct supervision of a
competent member of the Contractor’s staff with a minimum of five years of experience
in concreting works, and in a manner to produce a watertight concrete of maximum density and
strength.

The Contractor shall provide safe secure access for all personnel on concreting operations.

For night concreting operations, the Contractor shall arrange adequate suitable lighting.
11.0 DRAINAGE WORKS
11.1 Internal Drainage Works

11.1.1 Scope

1. This Part specifies the requirements for internal drainage pipework, internal drainage
systems and sanitary appliances.
2. The Contractor is responsible for checking the dimensions of all internal drainage works to
be installed against the availability of space at their intended installation location.
3. Internal drainage systems shall comprise the minimum pipework necessary to carry away the
discharges from sanitary appliances in buildings quickly and quietly.
4. Drainage pipework installations shall be such that there is no leakage of contaminated water
or foul air into the building.
5. Drainage systems, including materials, joints, supports and fixings shall be durable under the
expected operating conditions
6. Pipework and fittings in drainage systems shall be installed so that defective parts can be
replaced without undue difficulty.

11.1.2 Site Work

1. Where several pipes pass through floors in close proximity, the Contractor may provide a
single framed opening in lieu of individual sleeves. Framed openings shall be to the
approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE and shall be provided with 100 mm
high curbs, on all sides.

11.1.3 Fixing
1. Water supply and discharge pipes should be installed before sanitary appliances are fixed.
Before fixing an appliance into position, the Contractor shall ensure that the discharge pipe
is clear of obstruction. Joints between appliances and traps and/or pipes should be of the
union or detachable type.

2. Cistern overflow pipes should be arranged to give a visible warning of discharge.

11.1.4 Inspection
1. Upon completion of the work, all appliances, materials and workmanship should be carefully
examined for defects and for faults in installation. Any defects or faults shall be corrected
before the appliances are handed over for use.

11.2 Internal Drainage Pipework

11.2.1 General
1. Pipes and fittings used shall be suitable for their purpose.
2. If pipes, pipe joints and pipe fittings are of dissimilar metals, measures shall be taken to
prevent electrolytic corrosion.
3. The Contractor shall comply with all the recommendations of manufacturers when jointing
pipes of different materials.
11.2.2 Sanitary ware Installation
1. Sanitary fittings shall, unless otherwise stated in the Project Documentation, be as described
in the following Clauses.
2. Where screws are used to fix sanitary appliances to concrete, blockwork or brickwork, they
shall be rust-proofed steel and plugged.

11.2.3 Flushing Cisterns for Toilets

1. Flush pipes shall be jointed to the bottom of the cisterns by means of watertight unions which
allow for easy removal and shall be jointed to WC pans by means of approved rubber cone
connectors. The cisterns shall be fixed to walls with screws.
2. High level cisterns shall be provided with chromium plated chains with rubber pull handles.
They shall be fixed a height of 1500 mm from finished floor level to the underside of the
cistern. Flush pipes shall be 30 mm diameter and shall be fixed with pipe clips which shall
be screwed to walls.

11.2.4 Bowl Urinals

1. Urinals bowls shall be white glazed fireclay with lipped basin and flushing rim. Urinal bowls
shall be screwed to the wall. Flushing cisterns, flushing pipes and spreaders shall be as
described for slab urinals. The bowl urinals shall be complete with chromium plated brass
outlet and trap.

11.2.5 Sinks
1. Each sink shall be provided with a 40 mm chromium plated brass waste outlet, outlet grating,
overflow and rubber plug with chromium plated chain and stay. A 40 mm diameter trap shall
be fixed to each sink having a 40 mm or 75 mm deep seal as necessary. Each sink shall
have one or two 12 mm diameter pillar or bib taps, as required. Where only one tap is
required, a tap hole stopper to match the sink shall be provided. Pillar taps shall have 150
mm raising pieces and bib taps shall have extension pieces of adequate length.
2. Sinks shall be supported and fixed on brackets or legs unless otherwise specified in the
Project Documentation. Two cast iron brackets shall be used for sinks supported and fixed
on brackets. The brackets shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1255 and shall be
screwed to the wall. Legs for supporting sinks shall be of cast iron or galvanised steel with a
painted finish. Sinks shall be fixed at a height of 550 mm from the outlet grating to finished
floor level.

11.2.6 Showers
1. Shower fittings shall comprise a 100 mm diameter adjustable chromium plated brass inclined
shower head with rose and 12 mm diameter supply pipe(s) with 12 mm diameter stop
valve(s) to control the water supply.
2. The shower head shall be fixed a height of 1800 mm above the finished floor level. All
exposed pipework and fittings serving the showers within the shower area shall be
chromium plated and fixed with chromium plated holderbats.
11.3 Commissioning of System

11.3.1 System Description

1. Inspections and tests should be made during the installation of the discharge system as the
work proceeds, to ensure that the pipework is properly secured and clear of obstructing
debris and superfluous matter and that all work which is to be concealed is free from defects
before it is finally enclosed.

2. Prefabricated units should be tested at the works or place of fabrication, and inspected on
delivery at the Site.

11.3.2 Submittals
1. The Contractor shall prepare a detailed testing and inspection program and submit it to the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE for approval. This program shall identify each item
to be tested, the type of test to be performed and the date and time of the test.

2. The Contractor shall prepare test and inspection record sheets for all tests and inspections
undertaken. The format of the test record sheets shall be to the approval of the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. On successful completion of a test/inspection, the
test record sheet shall be signed and stamped by all the Contractors and the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. The OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE
shall retain the original test record sheet.

11.3.3 Testing
1. The Contractor shall notify the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE at least two clear
working days prior to his intention to test a section of pipeline.
2. Items failing any test shall be corrected immediately and re-tested before further work
proceeds.
3. Unless otherwise stated in the Project Documentation, the Contractor is responsible for
providing materials and apparatus required for testing purposes and for their removal and
proper disposal on completion at testing.

11.3.4 Testing and Inspection of External Drainage Pipelines

1. Visual inspection shall be carried out before backfilling in order to detect faults in
construction or material not shown up under test but which could lead to premature
failure. A careful record shall be kept of such inspections.

2. On external pipelines, the following shall be visually inspected:

a. pipe bed
b. pipe line and level
c. joints
d. pipe protective coating
e. any pipeline appurtenance.

3. Trenches shall be inspected to ensure that the excavation is to the correct depth to guard
against mechanical damage due to traffic loading.
4. No part of the pipe trench shall be backfilled until the above are performed to the satisfaction
of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

11.3.5 Water Test

The test pressure for external drainage pipelines up to and including 750 mm nominal bore shall
be not less than 1.2m head of water above the pipe soffit or groundwater level, whichever is the
higher at the highest point, and not greater than 6m head at the lowest point of the section.
Steeply graded pipelines shall be tested in stages in cases where the maximum head, as stated
above, would be exceeded if the whole section where tested in one length.

The pipeline shall be filled with water and a minimum period of 2 hours shall be allowed for
absorption after which water shall be added from a measuring vessel at intervals of 5 minutes
and the quantity required to maintain the original water level noted. Unless otherwise specified,
the length of pipeline shall be accepted if the quantity of water added over a 30 minute period is
less than 0.5 litre per linear metre per metre of nominal bore. This relationship in equation
format, with water added measured in litres, can be written as follows:
Maximum volume of water added over a 30 minute period = 0.5 x L x D Where: L = pipe
diameter (m)
D = Length of test section (m)

11.3.6 Air Test

Non-pressure pipelines to be air tested shall have air pumped in by suitable means until a
pressure of 100 mm head of water is indicated in a U-tube connected to the system. The
pipeline shall be accepted if the air pressure remains above 75 mm head of water after a period
of 5 minutes without further pumping following a period for stabilization. Failure to pass the test
shall not preclude acceptance of the pipeline if a successful water test, ordered by the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE, can subsequently be carried out in accordance with
Clause 7.3.3.
12.0 BUILDING SERVICES – ELECTRICAL
12.1 General
The Contractor shall provide and install electrical services for air-conditioning, ventilation system
including the lighting and small power for the FCRS Maintenance Building which comprises the
following:

- Power Supply to lighting and small power distribution boards.

- Power Supply to Air-conditioning units.

- Permanent lighting installations and comprehensive system of emergency lighting systems

- Small power, socket outlets, connection units for office areas, maintenance and testing
areas, and domestic items.

Particular attention shall be given to the quality, control and reliability of the installations, which
shall be in keeping with the continuity of operation required of the plant with which it is
associated.

Where areas are classified as hazardous areas due regard must be given to the requirements,
limitations and classifications of equipment in accordance with IEC 60079. All equipment and
cabling within these areas shall be clearly identified.

Each light fitting and power outlet shall be suitable for the respective location and degree of
hazard where it is installed.

All equipment and wiring shall comply with Philippine Electrical Code and IEC 60364.

12.2 Lighting Systems

Lighting fixture installations shall be in accordance with the IEC 60364 and the Philippine
Electrical Code.

All outdoor security lighting shall be provided by the Contractor.

1) Illumination Levels

Average illumination levels shall be as follows:

Area Lux
Office rooms (dual switched low 500/200
glare)
equipment rooms/ workshop 300
Corridors, stairs, toilets, amenities, 150
etc.
Emergency egress ways 30
The lighting design shall give, under normal operating conditions and throughout the plant’s
operational life the codes recommended minimum levels of illumination in such a manner as to
ensure evenness and to avoid glare.

The service luminance is defined as the mean luminance throughout the maintenance cycle of
the installation. A maintenance factor shall be allowed for the design to cater for dirt and dust
accumulation on the luminaries and in the building; and light source depreciation. The value of
the lighting design lumen of the lamp used in the lighting design shall be a nominal value given
by the lamp manufacturer of the average output of the lamp throughout its life.

Service wiring within the power plant building shall generally be run concealed within walls and
ceilings.

2) Light Fixtures

Lighting fixtures, unless otherwise approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE

shall be as follows:

Area 220V Type

Workshop/fabrication are High bay, LED with E40 Base
lighting
Control room and offices. Fluorescent 4 or 5 foot. Colour render
– “Day-light” bi-pin connection with enclosed diffuser to limit
brightness and prevent discomfort from reflected light
- Pin light, LED with E27 base

3) Emergency Lighting

Two levels of emergency lighting shall be provided.

a. Emergency/evacuation lighting system shall be provided at the, equipment/control room,

offices, corridors, stairs, entrances, exits, and enclosures in order to provide visual
conditions necessary to alleviate panic and permit safe evacuation of the occupants in the
event of failure of the normal lighting.

The emergency/evacuation lighting system shall consist of individual light fittings with internal
battery whose charge is automatically maintained by the main power supply. Upon failure of
the main power supply, these lights are to come on, and each battery shall maintain output
for a minimum of 1hour. The emergency/evacuation lighting shall not be less than 30 Lux.

b. Internally illuminated “EXIT” signs shall be provided at all emergency exit doorways to
buildings in accordance with local codes.

The exit lighting system shall consist of individual light fittings with internal battery whose
charge is automatically maintained by the main power supply. Upon failure of the mains these
lights are to come on, and each battery shall maintain output for a minimum of 1hour.

Emergency lighting luminary shall be identified from normal lighting luminary in signs or paint.
12.3 Small Power
Power & lighting distribution boards and sub-distribution boards shall be provided for the lighting
and socket outlet systems.

The design of the system shall be in accordance with the requirements of Philippine
Electrical Code and as specified below.

The distribution boards and sub-distribution boards shall have interior painting of white and
exterior painting shall be subject to the approval of OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

There shall be a separate sub-distribution board provided for:

- Lighting

- Single Phase 220V socket outlets

- Air conditioning system

All the distribution boards and sub-distribution boards for lighting and the 220V socket outlets
shall be 3 phase 4 wire type and generally grouped together where suitable, within a free
standing totally enclosed cellular cubicle type switchboard, or as individual boards where
required.

Each sub-distribution boards shall be provided with at least three spare circuit breakers/earth
leakage circuit breakers.

Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) shall be provided for each circuit of 480V 3 phase and
220V single-phase socket outlet systems, small power system and lighting. ELCB shall have a
direct tripping sensitivity of 30 mA and a tripping time within 0.1 second.

Incoming circuit breakers to 3 phase 4 wire boards or single-phase boards shall be 3 pole type
and 2 pole type respectively.

Power Socket Outlets

Socket outlets shall comply with Philippines Standards and Codes of practice and shall be
installed to give an adequate coverage of all buildings and plant included in this Specification.

The socket outlets specified shall be provided at strategic, easily accessible and convenient
locations. The Contractor shall design the locations of socket outlets to be evenly spaced and to
best suit the plant layout and requirements.

The single phase and three phase socket outlets shall be mounted at 300 mm and 1 m above
finished floor or platform levels respectively, unless otherwise approved.

All rooms and corridors except toilets, changing rooms and washrooms shall have single phase
socket outlets rated not less than 10 amps at intervals not greater than 10 m along the walls for
cleaning and maintenance purposes. These shall be additional to outlets required for building
services, operational and general equipment requirements.
Fabrication areas shall also have three phase socket outlets rated not less than 20 amps at
intervals not exceeding 20 m along the walls. These shall be additional to outlets required for
building services, operational and general equipment requirements.

All items of outdoor plant shall have one single phase and one three-phase socket outlet
installed at a convenient junction box within 20 m of it.

The type of socket outlets to be provided in hazardous locations shall be flameproof and
weatherproof.

Other Provisions

The Contractor shall have power provision for motorized roll-up door and overhead crane.

12.4 Grounding Mat

Grounding mat shall be installed by the Contractor. Grounding mat design will be provided by
the Electrical Contractor.
13.0 PAINTING WORKS
13.1 Scope
This Section specifies the requirements for the following:

a) Preparation, painting or finishing of exterior and interior surfaces exposed to view

b) Wall covering requirements and installation of fabrics, vinyl, decorative papers and other
such decorative wall coverings
c) It does not include factory applied finishes and the painting of metal surfaces of mechanical
and electrical installations unless otherwise required by Project Documentation.

13.2 Submittals and Samples

13.2.1 Samples
1. Sample panels are to be prepared for each type and colour of coating material to be
used in the Works and shall be submitted to the OWNER/OWNER’S
REPRESENTATIVE for approval. As a minimum, the following sample panels shall be
submitted:

2. Paint Colours: 300 x 300 mm samples labelled to indicate finish, formula, colour name
and/or, number, sheen and gloss units of approved colours for:

a) each specified colour in each specified finish coat material.

b) each standard wood finish on specified wood species.

3. Other Materials: 500 x 500 mm (minimum) samples of each paper/fabric material minimum
size showing at least the pattern repeat where applicable.

13.2.2 List of Materials

Before ordering materials, the Contractor is to submit a list of those materials proposed for use
on the Project for the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE approval.

13.2.3 Delivery, Storage, Handling and Product Marking

1. Materials to be delivered in sealed containers shall be clearly labelled with the following
information:
a) manufacturer’s name, initials or recognized trade mark
b) title and specification number
c) whether the material is primer, undercoat or finishing coat
d) Whether the material is for internal or external use, where appropriate
e) colour reference from BS 4800
f) method of application
g) batch number and date of manufacture or re-test.

2. No paint is to be used more than 18 months after manufacture or re-test.

3. Coating materials other than spray paints, bituminous paints and textured masonry paints
 are to be in containers not exceeding 5 litres capacity.

13.3 Surface Preparation for Painting

13.3.1 Preparation
1. Before painting commences all surfaces in the work area are to be washed and scrubbed
clean of debris and every possible precaution taken to keep down dust. No paint is to be
applied to surfaces structurally or superficially damp and all surfaces must be ascertained to
be free from condensation, efflorescence, etc., before the application of each coat.

2. All items not required to be painted (e.g., ironmongery) are first to be fitted and then removed
before any painting preparation commences. The fittings shall be refixed in position when all
painting is completed.

3. Brushes, pails, kettles, etc., used in carrying out the work are to be clean and free from
foreign matter. They are to be thoroughly cleaned before being used for different types or
classes of material.

4. All materials to be used for surface preparations are to be used strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.

13.3.2 Preparatory Materials

1. Paint removers, abrasive papers and blocks, cleaning agents, etching solutions, stopping,
knotting, fillers and other commodities are to be of the types recommended by the
manufacturer of the coating to be applied.

2. Stopping and filler for woodwork shall be an approved proprietary lead free, oil- based type
recommended for internal or external work as appropriate. Stopping for woodwork to
receive a clear finish shall be tinted to match with the surrounding woodwork.

3. Filler for plaster and rendering to be an approved proprietary type.

13.4 Preparation of Plastered and Rendered Surfaces

13.4.1 Execution and Workmanship

1. The surface is first to be scraped to remove mortar splashes, etc., and then made good,
cutting out all defective work and repairing with plaster or render of the same type as
previously used.

2. The surface is then to be rubbed down with fine glass paper to remove loose particles and to
smooth irregularities before the application of the filler coat which is to be spread evenly with
a scraper over all surfaces and allowed to dry.

3. The first application of filler coat will be rubbed down and a second application of filler coat
made as before.

4. The surface is then to be sanded using progressively finer grades of paper until perfectly
 smooth and approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

5. All rendered surfaces are to receive one full coat of alkali resistant primer before the
application of oil based paints.

13.5 Preparation of Wood Surfaces

13.5.1 Execution and Workmanship

1. All large, loose or resinous knots are to be cut out and the holes plugged with sound wood.
Nails are to be punched well below surfaces.

2. All surfaces are to be rubbed down with fine glass paper in the direction of the grain to give a
smooth, even finish with arises rounded or eased.

3. After dusting off all oily woods such as teak and afrormosia they are to be washed with white
spirit.

4. Two thin coats of knotting should be applied to all knots and any other resinous parts of
softwood.

5. A full coat of primer is to be vigorously brushed in, particular care being taken to fill end
grain. Backs of members are to receive two coats of primer.

6. After priming all nails, screw holes and similar depressions are to be filled with stopping,
pressed well in and finished off flush with the surface. Screw heads are to be countersunk
sufficiently to hold the stopping.

7. After priming and stopping is completed, pore and grain irregularities are to be treated with a
coat of brush or knife applied filler, and the surface rubbed down smooth and even.

13.6 Preparation of Metal Surfaces

13.6.1 Execution and Workmanship

1. Iron and steel surfaces are to be wire brushed to remove rust, loose scale, welding slag and
spatter, and cleaned with white spirit to remove oil, grease and dirt.

2. Iron and steel surfaces are to receive two coats of primer.

3. On pre-primed surfaces care is to be taken to ensure that defective primer, rust and loose
scale are removed back to bare metal and patch primed.

4. Blast cleaned surfaces shall be primed within 1 hour of blasting. All other surfaces
shall be primed no later than 3 hours after preparation.
13.7 Paint Removers

13.7.1 Materials
1. The use of paint remover products are to be used only under conditions of acceptable air
ventilation/circulation for those performing the work and for the surrounding environs if
occupied or used by the public.

2. Paint remover products are to be of the type recommended by the manufacturer of the
coating to be applied.

3. Manufacturer’s recommended procedures and application of paint remover products are to

be followed.

13.8 Primers, Paints and Coatings

13.8.1 Application
1. Coatings are to be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction to clean, dry
surfaces, in dust free and dry atmospheric conditions and after any previous coats have
hardened.

2. All brands of primers, paints and coatings are to be approved and shall comply with the
relevant British Standards.

3. Paints of different brands are not to be mixed or used in the same coating system.

4. No dilution of painting materials is to be allowed except strictly as detailed by the

manufacturers and as approved by the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

5. No primed or undercoated woodwork and metalwork is to be left in an exposed or unsuitable

location for any undue period before completion of the painting process. No exterior or
exposed painting is to be carried out under adverse weather conditions, such as rain
extreme humidity, dust storms, etc.

13.8.2. Primers and Undercoating

1. Primers for plaster and rendering are to be alkali resistant. Primers for other surfaces shall
comply with Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

Suitable Primers for Background

SURFACE PRIMER
Non resinous wood Low lead oil based primer or Aluminium
wood primer or Solvent borne acrylic primer

Resinous woods Aluminium wood primer or long oil

alkyd based oxidative drying primer

Iron and steel Red lead primer Type “B” or zinc

phosphate pigmented urethane alkyd modified
primer

Galvanised steel Calcium plumbate primer Type “A” or

Zinc chromate primer
Two component polyamide cured epoxy or modified
vinyl based physically drying
primer.

Blast cleaned iron and steel or touching- Zinc-rich primer

up damaged zinc coatings

Aluminium and aluminium alloys Etch primer plus zinc chromate primer

Copper Two component polyamide adduct cured

epoxy or
Modified vinyl based physically drying primer

Plastics Two component polyamide adduct cured

epoxy primer or
Solvent borne acrylic based physically drying primer.

2. Undercoats on wood and metal surfaces are to be of the drying-oil/resin binder type
pigmented with titanium dioxide and/or coloured pigments providing a matt or low-sheen
finish suitable for subsequent application of a drying-oil type finish.

3. Water thinned priming paints and undercoats shall only be used with the approval of the
OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE. In order to obtain such approval, the Contractor
shall demonstrate that proposed water thinned priming paints and undercoats.

13.8.3 Workmanship

1. Priming coats are to be applied by brush unless other methods are approved taking care to
work the primer into the surface, joints, angles and end grain.

2. Any primed surfaces which have deteriorated on site or in transit are to be touched up to the
approval of the OWNER/OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE.

3. All surfaces of joinery which have not been primed in the workshop are to be primed
immediately on arrival at site and before fixing.

4. Undercoats are to be applied as an even film over all exposed surfaces avoiding an uneven
 thickness at edges and angles.

5. All priming and undercoats are to be rubbed down to a smooth surface with fine abrasive
paper and cleaned of all dust before the application of the next coat.

13.8.4 Paints and Finish Coatings

13.8.4.1 Materials
1. The number of coats shall be as specified by the paint manufacturer, or at minimum, as
specified on Table 3.2.
\

Table 3.2

Minimum Number of Coats for Drying-Oil/Resin Based Paint Systems on New Work

SURFACE LOCATION PAINT SYSTEM

Wood-oil paint Internal 1 coat primer

1 coat undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss or
1 coat primer
2 coats alkyd mid-sheen finish

External 1 coat primer

2 coats undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss finish
(lead free)
Wood-natural finish Internal 3 coats varnish or
polyurethane

External 4 coats exterior grade

varnish

Iron and steel including Internal 1 coat primer

1 coat undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss finish
(lead free)
Galvanised steel External 2 coats primer
2 coats undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss finish
(lead free)
Aluminium Internal and External 1 coat etch primer

1 coat primer
1 coat undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss finish
(lead free)
Cement rendering Internal 1 coat alkali resistant primer1
coat undercoat
1 coat alkyd gloss finish
(lead free)

13.8.4.2 Workmanship
1. Care shall be taken to ensure that finish coats applied over calcium plumbate primer are
compatible with the primer.

2. Finish coats will be applied as an even film over all exposed surfaces, avoiding brush
marks, sags, runs and other defects. Where two gloss finish coats are specified the second
coat shall be applied within 48 hours of the first.

3. The application of paint systems for iron and steel should result in a minimum total film
thickness of 125 microns internally or externally notwithstanding the number of coats
specified.