SCIENCE =)

1.6
measuring tools
 Measuring Tools

1. Tools or instruments are used to

measure quantities.

2. Quantities that will be measured are:

i. Length (panjang)
ii. Area (luas)
iii. Volume (isipadu)

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 1.6.1 Measuring Length
1. Length is the distance between 2
points.

2. The SI unit for length is metre, m.

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3. Short distance usually measured in
unit centimetre, cm and millimetre,
mm.

4. Long distance usually measured in

unit kilometre, km.

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5. The relationship between metre (m),
centimetre (cm), millimetre (mm)
and kilometre (km) are show in table
below.
1 cm = 10 mm
1m = 100 cm
1 km = 1000 cm

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 Measuring the length of
straight lines
1. The distance (length) of short
straight line is measured by using a
metre rule.

2. It gives accuracy of 0.1 cm

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 B
(correct)

A C
(wrong)
(wrong)

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3. The correct reading is obtained only
when the eyes are vertically above
the mark on the ruler.

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4. If the eyes position is at A or C, the
reading is not accurate.

5. You may do the error. The error is

called parallax error.

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Error = 0.1 cm
Error = 0.1 cm

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 measuring tape
5. The long distance of straight line can
be measured using measuring tape

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 Measuring the length of
curved line
• Use a piece of thread and a ruler.
• The thread is placed along the
curved line.
• The end of curved is marked on the
thread.

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• What is the length of this curved
line? …………………. cm

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• Other tools: Opisometer and a ruler.
• Opisometer is traced along the
curved line. Then, it is wheeled
backwards along a ruler to get the
measurement.

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 Measuring Volume(isipadu)
• Volume of an object is the space
occupied by it.
• SI unit of volume is m³. Other units
are cm³ and mm³. Volume of liquids
can be measured in metric units such
as litre (l) & mililitre (ml)
• 1 cm³ = 1 ml
• 1 l = 1000 ml = 1000 cm³
 

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 Measuring the volume of liquid
(menyukat isi padu cecair)

• The volume of liquid can be

measured by using either a
i. measuring cylinder,
ii. pipette
iii. burette.

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i. Measuring Cylinder

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• What is the volume
of the liquid?
• The volume is
___ml

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 Meniscus
Meniscus

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2)Pipette (ms 14)
a) Pipette
b) To measure a fixed
Pipette volume of a liquid.
pump
(untuk mengukur isi padu
tetap cecair)
c) A high temperature
Pipette
increases the
volume of a liquid.
(Suhu yang tinggi
meningkatkan isi padu
cecair)
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3) Burette

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3) Burette

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Experiment 1.7:
VOLUME OF LIQUIDS (ms 14)
• Aim : To measure out the volume of
liquid required using a burette.

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 Particulars Reading of Volume of water
burette (ml) delivered (ml)

a) Initial reading 0 -
of burette

b) Reading of
burette after 20 20
collecting water
into conical flask

c) Reading of
burette after 35.5 50 - 35.5 = 15.5
collecting water
into beaker

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 Discussion (ms 16)
1. What is the use of burette?
To measure the volume of a liquid
delivered from it
2. Where is the zero mark on the
burette?
At the top end of the burette.
3. What is the maximum volume of
water the burette can measure?
50 ml
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4. What volume does the smallest
division on the burette measure?
0.1 ml
5. Why do you run some water in the
burette before using it?
To ensure that the part of the burette
below the tap is filled with water.

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 Conclusion
• A burette is used to deliver a required
volume of liquid.

Application
a) A large bottle of minearal water:
1.5 litres
b) A tin of Pepsi-Cola: 320 ml

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 Further Investigation
(ms 17)
• The reading of a burette containing
water is 29 ml. it becomes 26.2 ml
after 20 beads have been dropped
into the burette. What is the average
volume of 1 bead? (1ml= 1 cm³)

• Bacaan untuk sebuah buret yang mengandungi

air ialah 29 ml. bacaan menjadi 26.2 ml selepas
20 manik dimasukkan ke dalam buret. Apakah
purata isi padu 1 manik?

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• 1.
Volume of 20 beads
= (Initial – final) volume
= (29-26.2) ml = 2.8 ml
• Average of volume of 1 bead
= 2.8 ml = 0.14 ml = 0.14 cm³
20

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2.
a) 8.7 ml
b) (50 – 8.7) ml = 41.3 ml
c) Make sure that the burette is upright
d) Because sodium hydroxide reacts
with the carbon dioxide of the air and
block the outlet tap.

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