Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Topic Experimental chemistry
Sub-Topic Experimental chemistry
Duration Period : 1& 2
Objectives i. To introduce the apparatus.
ii. To know the uses of the apparatus.

Page 1 of 8
Lesson Measurement: Mass, Volume, Time and Temperature
Notes/ Mass
Detailed • Mass of a substance is the amount of matter it contains.
explanation of • Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) and grams (g)(International System of Units,
S.I. Units)
the topics
Conversion of Mass
1000 mg = 1g
1000 g = 1 kg
1000 kg = 1 tone
There are two main devices to measure mass of a substance: Beam
balance
Electronic balance

Name Picture Description

Beam In a beam balance, a weight
Balance is moved along horizontal
scale until is balances the
mass of object on the scale

Electronic Electronic balance is easy to

balance use and can measure to
accuracy of 0.001 g very qui

Volume
• Volume of a substance is the amount of space it occupies.
• Unit for measuring volume is cubic centimeters (cm3), cubic decimeters (dm3), cubic
meters (m3) and liter.
Conversion of volumes 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3 1
dm3 = 1 liter
1000 dm3 = 1 m3
Following apparatus are used for measuring volumes

Name Picture Description

Page 2 of 8
Beaker Measures approximate
volume

Burette Is accurate to the nearest

0.1 cm3. The volume of
liquid required is run off
from the bottom through
tap.

Volumetric Measures fixed volumes

flask of 100 cm3, 250 cm3,
1 dm3

Measuring Is accurate to nearest

cylinder cm3. Read off the volume
with the eye level at the
bottom of the meniscus.

Page 3 of 8
Pipette Measures fixed volumes of
25 cm3, 50 cm3, 10 cm3
very accurately.

Gas Measures volume of gas

syringe and is made of glass.

Plastic Measures small volumes of

Syringe liquid.

Conversion of Time 60 s = 1 min

60 min = 1 h
24 h = 1 day

Page 4 of 8
Page 5 of 8
 Temperature
• Degree of hotness and coldness is called temperature.
• The temperature of a liquid or gas can be measured using a thermometer.
Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer/Alcohol-in- Glass Thermometer:
Common thermometers used in the laboratory.

Solvent + Solute = Solution

(a) solvent as a substance that dissolves a solute
(b) solute as a substance that is dissolved in a solvent
(c) solution as a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent
(d) saturated solution as a solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute
dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature
(e) residue as a substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar
process
(f) filtrate as a liquid or solution that has passed through a filter

Additional Work -Sheet

Resources/ Paper-1
Materials

1 What is the S.I. unit for measuring mass?

A gram
B pound
C kilogram
D tone

Page 6 of 8
2 Which of these pieces of apparatus can measure exactly 25 cm3 of a liquid? A
beaker
B burette
C measuring cylinder
D pipette
4 To prepare solutions of known concentration, which apparatuses of the following can be
used?

A Measuring cylinder

B Volumetric flask

C Pipette

D Burette

5 What is the volume of the liquid in this graduated cylinder?

A 23 ml

B 2.3 ml

C 3.7 ml

D 3.6 ml

6 Which statement about the electronic thermometers is correct?

A They are mercury in glass thermometer

B They contain alcohol in glass thermometer

C They are used to reduce the risk of mercury poisoning if broken

D They are greatly replaced by alcohol in glass thermometer

7 Which device is used to record temperature of a liquid over time?

A Data loggers
B Scanners
C Bar code readers
D Probes

Page 7 of 8
 8 How many cm3 are there in a liter?

A 1 cm3

B 10 cm3

C 1000 cm3

D 100 cm3

9 How many Kg are there in a tonne ?

A 1g

B 10 g

C 1000 kg

D 100 g

Paper-2

1 The following are name of five apparatus which can be used to measure volume.

Measuring cylinder pipette

Burette Beaker
a) Draw a diagram of each apparatus.
b) Which apparatus would be useful for
(i) Collecting 50 cm3 of gas?
(ii) Measuring out approximately 150 cm3 of acid?
(iii)Measuring accurately 75 cm3 of alkali?
(iv)Measuring exactly 25 cm3 of alkali?
(v) Adding accurately 40 cm3 of acid?

Application In the practical work.

Home Task/ Read the chapter, learn the figures and their uses.
Study

Page 8 of 8
Evaluation Teacher will show the apparatus in Lab and students will identify the name of the apparatus.
Criteria

Page 9 of 8
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge IGCSEl Chemistry
Topic Experimental chemistry
Sub-Topic Chromatography
Duration Period : 1& 2
Objectives i. To introduce the chromatography technique

Page 1 of 7
Lesson Notes/ Paper Chromatography
Detailed
explanation of
Paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances. These are
the topics
often coloured substances such as food colourings, inks, dyes or plant
pigments.

Chromatogram is the pattern formed on an adsorbent medium by the layers of

components separated by chromatography.

Procedure for the Paper Chromatography technique:

 This technique is used to separate substances that

have different solubilities in a given solvent (e.g. different coloured inks that
have been mixed to make black ink)
 A pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper and spots of the sample are
placed on it. Pencil is used for this as ink would run into the chromatogram
along with the samples
 The paper is then lowered into the solvent container, making sure that the
pencil line sits above the level of the solvent so the samples don´t wash into
the solvent container
 The solvent travels up the paper by capillary action, taking some of the
coloured substances with it
 Different substances have different solubilities so will travel at different rates,
causing the substances to spread apart. Those substances with higher
solubility will travel further than the others
 This will show the different components of the ink / dye

Page 2 of 7
Page 3 of 7
Analysis of the composition of ink using paper chromatography

Page 4 of 7
Page 5 of 7
 Rf (retardation factor) values can be used to identify unknown chemicals if they can be
compared to a range of reference substances. The Rf value for a particular substance is always
the same if the same solvent and stationary phase are used.

The Rf value of a spot is calculated using:

Rf = distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent

Rf values vary from 0 (the substance is not attracted to the mobile phase) to 1 (the substance is
not attracted to the stationary phase).

Interpret Simple Chromatograms

 If two or more substances are the same, they will produce identical
chromatograms
 If the substance is a mixture, it will separate on the paper to show all the
different components as separate spots
 An impure substance will show up with more than one spot, a pure substance should
only show up with one spot

Page 6 of 7
Additional Worksheet
Resources/ 1 A student uses paper chromatography to investigate the dyes in five different inks, V,
Materials W, X, Y and Z.
This is what she uses.
• a beaker
• a piece of chromatography paper with a pencil line drawn near the bottom of the paper
• a solvent
• inks V, W, X, Y and Z
(a) Describe how the student should set up and carry out her experiment. You may
draw a diagram to help with your answer.

(4)

(b) Explain why the line on the paper is drawn in pencil rather than in ink.

(2)

(c) The chromatogram shows the results for inks V, W, X, Y and Z.

Page 7 of 7
(i) Explain which ink contains a dye that is insoluble in the solvent.

(2)

(ii) Explain which two inks contain the dye that is likely to be the most soluble in the
solvent.

(2)

(iii) Explain which two inks may contain only one dye.

(2)

(d) One dye in ink Y moves 4.3cm when the solvent front moves 6.5cm. Calculate the
Rf value for this dye.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

(3)

Page 8 of 7
Page 9 of 7
 Rf value = ................................

Applicatio In the practical work.

Home Task/ Read the chapter, learn the procedures of chromatography.

Study

Evaluation By written work.

Criteria

Page 10 of 7
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Topic Experimental Chemistry
Sub-Topic Experimental Chemistry
Duration Period : 1, 2, 3
Objectives i. To introduce different types of separation techniques

Page 1 of 7
Lesson Notes/ Methods of Purification
Detailed
 The choice of the method of separation depends on the nature of the
explanation of
substances being separated
the topics
 All methods rely on there being a difference of some sort, usually in a
physical property such as boiling point between the substances being
separated

Mixtures of solids

 Differences in density, magnetic properties, sublimation and solubility can be used

 For a difference in solubility, a suitable solvent must be chosen to ensure the
desired substance only dissolves in it and not other substances or impurities,
e.g. to separate a mixture of sand and salt, water is a suitable solvent to dissolve the
salt, but not the sand

Mixtures of liquids

 Immiscible liquids can be separated using a separating funnel or by decanting

(pouring carefully)
 Examples include when an organic product is formed in aqueous conditions

Separating funnel being used to separate oil and water

Page 2 of 7
Page 3 of 7
 Filtration and Decantation are two separation techniques needed to separate insoluble
solid from a liquid.

• For Filtration, we need a filter paper. The solid that remains on filter paper after
separation is called residue. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is
called the filtrate.
• Decantation doesn’t require any filter paper. Hence 100% separation is always not
possible.

Page 4 of 7
Crystallization:

It is an separation method to recover a solute from its solution. The solution is evaporates to
the crystallization point

i.e. two points at which crystals of the solute will form on cooling, which can then
be filtered out and dried.

Procedure:
• A sugar solution is prepared by adding sugar to water and stirring it. Solution is
heated, the water evaporates and the solution becomes concentrated.

• The saturated solution is then allowed to cool, crystals will start to form.

• The saturated solution is cooled to form crystals that can be filtered off and dried.

Page 5 of 7
Page 6 of 7
Additional Worksheet:
Resources/ 1. Ammonia gas is lighter than air. How can ammonia gas be collected?
Materials

2. Which property of a liquid can be used to check its purity?

3. What do you mean by the term sublimation?

4. Which device is used to record temperature of a liquid over time?

5. Crystallization is the method used to obtain crystals of pure substance from impure
sample. Which is used as the most common solvent for crystallization?

6. What is the name of apparatus that is used to measure approximate volume?

7. The diagram shows the apparatus which can be used to separate a mixture of two
liquids.

a) What is the name of the separation technique?

b) If a compound Z has a boiling point of 75°C. Suggest why this method would not
be very effective in separating compound Z and ethanol.

Page 7 of 7
 8. The diagram below shows a separation technique

W X Y Z mixt
ure

a) What do you mean by the word chromatogram?

b) What are the uses of this separation technique in our life?

Application Practical work

Home Task/ Read the chapter, learn the procedures of chromatography.

Study
Evaluation By written work.
Criteria

Page 8 of 7
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge O Level Chemistry
Topic Atoms, elements and compounds
Sub-Topic Elements, compounds and mixtures
Duration Period : 1
Objectives i. To identify the atoms, elements and compounds

Lesson Notes/
Detailed Element:
explanation of • pure substance
the topics • consists of only one kind of atom,
• cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means,
and
• can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).

Examples: sodium atom, magnesium atom, nitrogen molecule, oxygen molecule etc

Compound:
• pure substance
• consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together,
• can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not
by
physical means),
• has properties that are different from its component elements, and
• always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.

Examples: water, carbon dioxide, ethanol, sodium chloride etc

Mixture:
• consists of two or more substances
• not chemically combined together
• no fixed ratio
• can be separated into its components by physical means using separation
techniques

Page 1 of 2
Page 2 of 2
 • often retains many of the properties of its components.

Examples: air, sea-water, crude oil etc

Additional
Resources/ Text book
Materials

Application Written exam

Home Task/ Read the chapter

Study

Evaluation By oral discussion

Criteria

AD045F

Page 3 of 2
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge O Level Chemistry
Topic Atoms, elements and compounds
Sub-Topic i. Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
ii. Isotope
Duration Period : 1, 2,3
Objectives i. To know about the particles of atom.
ii. To introduce the isotope.

Page 1 of 7
Lesson Notes/ Particles Present in an Atom
Detailed
All element are made of atoms.
explanation of
the topics
Atoms are made up of sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

Proton Number and Nucleon Number

The proton number of an element is the number of protons in its atom.

The nucleon number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in its atom.

The Structure and Arrangement of Particles in an Atom

The protons and neutrons are held, tightly packed together, the center of the atom which is
called the nucleus.

Page 2 of 7
The first shell can hold up to two electrons

The second shell can hold up to eight electrons.

The third shell can hold up to eighteen electrons (considered eight electrons).

 Electrons in the outer most shell of any atom is called valence electron.
 Electronic configuration of any atom is the number of electron present in each cell
for example electronic configuration of Sodium (Na) is 2,8,1.

Page 3 of 7
Page 4 of 7
Introduction to the Periodic Table.
 In Periodic table elements are arranged in order of their increasing proton number.
 Vertical columns are called groups.
 Horizontal rows are called periods.
 Group number indicates the no of valence electrons.
 Period number indicates the no of electron shells.
 On left side of periodic table are metals, which are elements of 1 – 3 valence
electrons.
 On right side of periodic table are non-metals, which are elements of 4 – 7 valence
electron
 On the extreme right-hand side are inert gases, which have 2 or 8 valence electrons.

Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons.

Isotopes of different elements have different masses.

Isotopes have same chemical properties but different physical properties.

Page 5 of 7
Additional Worksheet
Resources/ 1 a) The electronic configurations of five atoms are shown.
Materials

A B C D E

Page 6 of 7
Which electronic configuration represents each of the following descriptions? Each

electronic configuration may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) a sodium atom

(ii) an atom of a reactive non-metallic element

(iii) an atom with a proton (atomic) number of 12

(iv) an atom of a noble gas which is used to fill balloons

(v) an atom which forms a noble gas electronic configuration when it gains two
electrons

b) The electronic structure of a one atom is shown in the diagram below.

i) How many valence electron is there in the above atom?

ii) Deduce the group atom belongs to in the Periodic Table.

Page 7 of 7
Application Basic concept of Chemistry

Home Task/ Read the chapter, and solve the Worksheet

Study

Evaluation By written work.

Criteria

Page 8 of 7
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge O Level Chemistry
Topic The Periodic Table
Sub-Topic i. Arrangement of elements
ii. Group I properties
iii. Group VII properties
iv. Transition elements
v. Noble gases
Duration Period : 1, 2,3
Objectives i. To introduce the periodic table and the properties of the Group

Page 1 of 7
Lesson Notes/
Detailed
explanation of
the topics

Group I: Alkali Metals

Properties:

 Very reactive metals.

 Reactivity increases as we go down the group.
 Metals are silvery, soft, have low density, melting point and boiling
point.
 Good thermal and electrical conductors.
 React very violently with Oxygen or air, burning and catching fire with
characteristic flame colour and forming white oxide. For example:

Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide

Page 2 of 7
 That is why Group I metals are stored in oil to prevent reaction with air or oxygen.

Metal oxides are called basic oxides (basic oxides dissolve in water to form alkali).
React very vigorously with water forming metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Metal + Water = Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

4Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

Flame colour:
i. Lithium-Red
ii. Sodium-yellow
iii. Potassium- Lilac

Group VII: The Halogens

Properties:
 Very reactive non-metals.
 Reactivity decreases down the group.
 Poisonous and have a similar strong smell.
 Halogens form single negative charges (F-, Cl-, Br- and I-, called halides) when
reacted with metals.
 Diatomic molecules (two atoms combined together covalently) etc. Cl2, F2, I2, Br2.
 As we go down the group density increases.
 Melting point and boiling point increases as we go down the group.
 Reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from solutions of its salts
(reactivity of halogens decreases as we go down the Group). For example,
chlorine is more reactive than iodine.
chlorine + potassium iodide → potassium chloride + iodine Cl2(aq) +
2KI(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + I2(aq)

Such reactions are called displacement reactions

Page 3 of 7
Page 4 of 7
The noble gases

 Gases are inert (do not take part in chemical reaction).

 Their outermost shell is complete with eight electrons.
 Monoatomic gases (not-combined) for example He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn.
 Boiling point and melting point increases as we go down the group. Helium, at the
top of group 0,has the lowest boiling point of any element.
 Density increases going down the group.

Sub-Topic: Transition Metals :

Metals between group 2 and group 3 are called transition metals.
Properties:
 Not so reactive.
 Coloured compounds.
 Have variable valency (or oxidation state). For example Iron(II) and Iron(III).
 Strong and hard metals.

Page 5 of 7
  High melting points, boiling points and densities. Tungsten has melting point of
3410oC and is used as a filament in filament bulbs. Exception, mercury melts at just -
39°C, so it is a liquid at room temperature.
 Good conductors of heat and electricity.
 Have catalytic properties (used to speed up reactions).

Additional Worksheet
Materials 1 This question is about elements.
aluminium
carbon
iron
hydrogen
oxygen
silicon

Page 6 of 7
Page 7 of 7
 sodium
sulfur
Answer the following questions about these elements.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(i) Name the element that can be used as a fuel.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the element that forms an oxide with a similar structure to diamond.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the element that forms an amphoteric oxide.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Name the element that has oxidation states of +2 and +3.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Name the element extracted from bauxite.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(vi) Name the element that has atoms with the electronic structure 2,6.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

2 (a) Sulfur exists as a number of different isotopes. What is

meant by the term isotopes?

[2]

(b) A sulfide ion has the symbol shown.

(i) How many neutrons are contained in this sulfide ion?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) How is a sulfide ion, S2–, formed from a sulfur atom?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Which element forms an ion with a 2+ charge that has the same number of electrons as a S2–
ion?
…..................................................................................................................................... [1]

Page 8 of 7
Page 9 of 7
Application Basic concept of Chemistry

Home Task/ Read the chapter, and solve the WS

Study
Evaluation By written work.
Criteria

Page 10 of 7
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge O Level Chemistry
Topic Chemical reactions
Sub-Topic Rate of Reaction
Duration Period : 1& 2
Objectives i. To know the factors of the rate of reaction

Page 1 of 4
Lesson It can be defined in two ways:
Notes/ • amount of product formed per unit time.
Detailed • amount of reactant used up per unit time.
explanation of For a reaction to occur, the particles must collide with each other with sufficient
the topics energy and proper orientation.
Rate of reaction can be measured in several ways such as:
• Loss of mass
• Volume of gas produced
Factors affecting rate of reaction:
• Temperature
When temperature increases particles gain energy. No. of successful collision
increases. Rate of reaction increases.
• Pressure
When pressure increases, volume decreases. No. of successful collision increases.
Rate of reaction increases.
• Concentration
When concentration increases, no. of particles in a given volume increase. No of
successful collision increases. Rate of reaction increases.
• Particle size
When particle size decreases, surface area increases. Chances of successful
collision increases. Rate of reaction increases.
• Catalyst
Catalyst lowers the energy of activation by following an alternate reaction route.
Hence chances of successful collision increases. Rate of reaction increases.
Enzymes are biological catalysts.

Page 2 of 4
 Examples of catalyst used:
• Iron in making ammonia gas
• Vanadium (V) oxide in making sulphuric acid
• Amylase, an enzyme, for digesting starch in potatoes

Additional Worksheet
Resources/ 1. What do you mean by the word ‘rate of reaction’?
Materials 2. Write down the factors of the rate of reaction?
Application Written exam

Home Task/ Read the chapter and solve the WS

Study

Page 3 of 4
Page 4 of 4
Evaluation By written work.
Criteria

Page 5 of 4
 Session Plan

Teacher Farhana Mannan EID 2001200003

Term 1 Session 2022-23 Subject Chemistry
Class 8 Campus Dhanmondi School OIS
Subject Code 5070 Textbook(s) Cambridge O Level Chemistry
Topic Identification of ions and gases
Sub-Topic Describe tests to identify the gases
Duration Lab Class
Objectives i. To introduce gases.
ii. To know the properties of gases.

Lesson Notes/ Test for Gases

Detailed
explanation of
the topics

Page 1 of 2
Additional Lab work
Resources/
Materials
Application In the practical work.

Home Task/ Test for gases

Study

Evaluation Identify the name of the gases.

Criteria

AD045F

Page 2 of 2