07-Section 6 Measurement PDF (1)

Section 6: Measurement
INDEX
1. Introduction p.2
1.1 Learning outcomes p.3
2. Using the appropriate unit p.4
2.1 Metric units p.7
2.2 Adding and subtracting different units p.9
3. Distance and time p.14
4. Perimeter p.20
5. Area p.21
5.1 Using the table in finding areas p.22
6. Volume p.25
6.1 Using the table in finding volumes p.28
7. End of section comments p.31
8. Reference p.31
9. Feedback p.31
10. Tacking my progress p.32
MTDH1508 6: Measurement 1
Section 5: Measurement
1. Introduction
In 1961 the British monetary system of South Africa was decimalised. We
stopped using pounds, shillings and pence. Since then many more units have
changed from imperial to metric units.
We now buy petrol in litres and not gallons. We buy material in metres instead
of yards. The standard length of a ruler is 30 centimetres and not 12 inches.
Temperatures are now given in degrees Celsius rather than in degrees
Fahrenheit.
We do, however, still use imperial measures. The advantage of the metric
system over the imperial is the ease with which one unit can be converted to
another.
Check your weight on other planets by visiting the following website.
http://www.amblesideprimary.com/ambleweb/planetweight/planet.htm
1.1 Learning outcomes
At the end of this section you should be able to convert between units of
measurement and solve real life problems by making use of perimeter, area
and volume.
Start up activity 5.1: Can I work with units of

measurement?
Read the following paragraph and then answer the questions below:
http://blogs.theage.com.au/schembri/bee.jpg
The worker bee weighs 80 milligrams. Her honey crop will hold 70 milligrams
of nectar, and her pollen baskets will hold 20 milligrams of pollen. Workers
can fly 12 to 15 miles per hour and will average 8 to 12 trips from the hive
each day for a distance of 1½ miles foraging for nectar and pollen.
1. If a worker bee flies 15 miles per hour from the colony to a pollen and
nectar source ¾ miles away, how long does it take her to complete one
trip?
2. If a worker bee makes 10 round trips from the colony to the nectar source
3/4 miles away, how many miles does she travel all together?
3. If a worker bee makes 10 complete trips to get food 3/4 miles away by
flying 15 miles per hour, how much time has she spent flying?
4. If a worker bee can carry 90 milligrams of nectar and pollen each trip, how
much total weight has she carried after making 10 trips?
5. Based on your answer for problem 4, how many grams of weight does the
worker bee carry all together?
6. How does the total weight carried by the worker bee after making 10 trips
compare to her body weight?
7. Of the total weight carried (in milligrams), how much of the weight was from
carrying nectar and how much of the weight was from carrying pollen?
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/ahb/
Check your answers at the end of the section.
2. Using the appropriate unit
When measuring, it is important to choose the correct measure for the
purpose. For example, it would be no use trying to measure the length of a
train with a 30-centimetre ruler!
Unit Abbreviation
millimetre mm
centimetre cm
meter m
kilometre km
Use length units (kilometres, meters, centimetres, millimetres) to

measure:
how long how high how far away
how wide how tall
how deep distance
When you are doing calculations with mass you will soon get tired of writing
“milligram”, “centigram”, “gram” and “kilogram” in full, you can use
abbreviations, as follows:
(Mass can also be given in cubic units for example cm 3 .)
Unit Abbreviation
milligram mg
centigram cg
gram g
kilogram kg
Use weight units (kilograms, grams, milligrams) to measure:

the weight of something how heavy something is
When you are doing calculations with volume you will soon get tired of writing
“millilitre”, “centilitre”, “litre” and “kilolitre” in full, you can use abbreviations, as
follows:
Unit Abbreviation
millilitre mL
centilitre cL
litre L
kilolitre kL
Use capacity units (litres, millimetres) to measure liquids (thing that

can be poured) such as:
water shampoo gasoline
milk perfume oil
soft drinks cough syrup paint
Also use litres and millilitres to describe how much liquid something
can hold such as en eyedropper or measuring cup.
Assessment Activity 5.2
1. Choose the most sensible measure.

(a) Length of a small paper clip.
31mm 31cm 31m 31km
(b) Length of a tennis racket.
68mm 68cm 68m 68km
(c) Width of a room.
4mm 4cm 4m 4km
(d) Long-distance run.
10 000cm 10 000m 10 000km
(e) Weight of a man.
90mg 90g 90kg
2. Which metric unit would you use to measure the following?
(a) The heaviest weight lifted by a man.
(b) The farthest distance travelled by car on 1 litre of petrol.
(c) The largest petrol tank of a taxi.
(d) A bottle of wine.
Many people believe that reasonable or small changes in their actions have
no real impact. This is not the case! If we all make little contributions, the
impact over time can be HUGE! Just check it out!
Did you know that on the average each of us throws away about
4,4 pounds of trash every day? This does not mean that we each throw away
4,4 pounds each day, but if we even out what is thrown away across
everyone, it would turn out that each of us would contribute 4,4 pounds of
garbage.
1. On average, how much garbage does each person throw away in a week?
2. On average, how long does it take for each person to throw away 100
pounds of garbage?
3. On average, how much garbage will a person throw away this year?
4. At this rate, would a person your age have contributed a ton of garbage?
On average, how long does it take for each person to throw away a ton, or
2 000 pounds of garbage?
5. About how long would it take for a person to create 4 tons or 8 000 pounds
of garbage?
6. So far in your lifetime, about how much garbage have you contributed?
7. Landfills in the U.S. have charged between $10 and $100 per ton to dump
trash. If it costs $20 per ton of garbage and none of the trash is recycled,
estimate how much money will be spent on throwing away your trash this
year?
HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/TEACHERS/MATHLINE/CONCEPTS/EARTHDAY/ACTIVITY1.SHTM
2.1 Metric Units
Each prefix to a standard measure (e.g. metre, gram and litre) indicates the
relative size:
kilo means 1000  10 3

hecto means 100  10 2
deka means 10  10
deci 1 10 1
means 
10
centi 1 10 2
means 
100
milli 1 10 3
means 
1000
mL cL L kL
From/To mg cg g kg
mm cm m km
mL (millilitre)
mg (milligram) 1 = 10 0 0,1 = 10 1 0,001 = 10 3 0,000001 =
mm (millimetre) 10 6
cL (centilitre)
cg (centigram) 10 1 = 10 0 0,01 = 10 2 0,00001 = 10 5
cm (centimetre)
L (litre)
g (gram) 1000 = 10 3 100 = 10 2 1 = 10 0 0,001 = 10 3
m (metre)
kL (kilolitre)
kg (kilogram) 1 000 000 = 106 100 000 = 105 1 000 = 103 1 = 10 0
km (kilometre)
Use the table above to do the following examples:
Example 5.1
Convert kg to cg.
Solution
Look at the row where kg appears (last row), then look for the column where
cg appears and read it like this: 1 kg = 105 cg
Example 5.2
Convert 17mm to cm.
Solution
1
Read in table: 1mm = 0,1cm  1mm = cm
10
1
Multiply with numerical value: 17mm = 17  cm  1,7cm
10
Example 5.3
Convert 2,2km to cm.
Solution
Read in table: 1km = 100 000cm
Multiply with numerical value: 2,2km = 2,2  100 000cm = 220 000cm
Example 5.4
(a) Convert 3,76kg to g.
(b) Convert 7,3mL to cL.
(c) Convert 135cm to km.
Solution
(a) 1kg  1000 g
3,76kg  1000  3,76 g  3760 g
1
(b) 1mL  cL
10
1
7,3mL   7,3cL  0,73cL
10
(c) 1cm  10 5 km
135cm  10 5  135  0,00135km
To change from one unit into a smaller unit we multiply.

To change from one unit into a larger unit we divide.
Example 5.5
1 1
1. 1mm  10 6 km  6
km  km : a kilometre is larger than a millimetre.
10 1000000
To change from one unit into a larger unit we divide.
2. 1m  1000mm : a millimetre is smaller than a meter.
To change from one unit into a smaller unit we multiply.
1. Complete the following (if possible):

1.1. 17km = _____________cm
1.2. 500g = _____________kg
1.3. 0,0007km = _____________mm
1.4. 20mg = _____________g
1.5. 1012 cg = _____________mg
1.6. 0,009m = _____________kL
2. A floor tile measure 30cm by 30cm and weights 185g. How many
kilograms would a stack of 24 tiles weight?
3. If 350g of minced beef is used in a pie, how many kilograms of minced
beef would be needed for 25 pies?
4. A man is 1,8 meters tall. What is his height in centimeters?
5. The weight of a packet of crisps is 25g. How many milligrams is this?
6. The apartment building caretaker puts 750mL of chlorine into the
swimming pool every day. How many liters should he order to have a one-
month (30 day) supply on hand? If chlorine is sold in containers that hold
4L, how many containers should be ordered for one month? How much
chlorine will be left at the end of the month?
2.2 Adding and subtracting different units
Before solving a problem, make sure that the given quantities and the
unknown quantity has been converted to the same unit.
Read the question very carefully.
When you have solved a problem make sure not to forget the unit of the
unknown quantity if it has any.
Check whether your answer is realistic.
Example 5.6
A woman is running a 5km race. She has already run 2450m. How many
metres have she yet to run?
Solution
Convert units : 5km = 5000m
Make your calculation with only values in the same units:
5000m – 2450m = 2550m
State your answer, making sure that the answer is in the correct unit of
measurement.
The woman has 2250m yet to run.
Example 4.5
A1,5kg can of coffee is on sale for R34,78. What is the cost per gram, to the
nearest cent?
Solution
The weight of the coffee is given in kilogram but the answer must be cost per
gram. So we first have to convert kilogram to gram.
Convert units : 1kg = 1000g
So 1,5kg = 1,5 1000  1500 g
34,78
Find the cost per gram:  R0,02 / g
1500
measurement.
The coffee cost R0,02 per gram.
Example 4.6
Cheddar cheese is on sale at R34,50 per kilogram. Jake bought 350g of
cheese. How much did he pay, to the nearest cent?
Solution
The cost of the cheese is given in kilogram. So we first have to convert gram
to kilogram.
Convert units : 1g = 0,001kg
So 350g = 350  0,001  0,35kg
Find the cost of the cheese Jake bought: 0,35  34,50  R12,08
measurement.
Jake paid R12,08 for the 350g of cheese he bought.
1. A lorry load of 5000kg potatoes is to be shovelled into 400g bags. How

many bags can be filled from this load?
2. If 350g mince are used to make a pie, how many kilogram mince are needed
to make 25 pies?
3. Two pieces of wood of lengths 2,56m and 37cm are joined together. What
is the total length of wood
(a) in metres?
(b) in centimetres?
4. A man weighs himself. The scale shows 69,3kg. He then takes off his
boots, which weigh 900g. What weight will now show on the scale?
5. Anne is shopping for cola. Cola is sold in three different sizes:
Tin: volume 340ml, price R4,70
Bottle A: volume 500ml, price R7,50
Bottle B: volume 2L, price R13,65
Which size should Anne buy to give her the best value for her money?
6. In a chemistry lab, each of the 45 students needs 85mL of acid. How
many one-liter bottles of acid need to be ordered? How much acid will be
left over?
7. Below is a record of how much milk and meat a cook at a small hotel used
during three days.
Milk Meat
Monday 2L 2,35kg costing R12,30 per kilogram
Tuesday 750mL 650g costing R23,10 per kilogram
Wednesday 450mL 360g costing R32,00 per kilogram
(a) How many liters of milk were used during the three days?
(b) How much does the hotel owe the milkman if milk costs R2,10 per
liter?
(c) What was the total weight of meat cooked during the three days in kg?
(d) What was the total weight of meat cooked during the three days in g?
(e) How much does the hotel owe the butcher?
8. A bottle of weed-killer holds 1 litre of concentrate. To make up a solution, 5
capfuls are added to 2 litres of water. A capful is 20mL. How many litres of
solution can be made from the bottle?
9. A large piece of construction paper is 0,01mm thick. It is cut in half and one
piece is placed on the other to make a pile. These are cut in half and all
four pieces are placed in a pile. These four are cut in half and placed in a
pile, and the process is continued. After the pieces have been cut and piled
for the tenth time, what is the height of the pile in cm.
http://www.stfx.ca/special/mathproblems/grade8.html
The Louisiana Purchase

During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson,
the United States succeeded in purchasing
from France a large body of land known as
the Louisiana Territory. The purchase was
called the Louisiana Purchase.
On April 30, 1803, Robert Livingston,
Ambassador to France, and James Monroe,
special envoy, concluded a treaty in Paris in
which the United States purchased from France the whole of the Louisiana
territory for $15 000 000. The territory (see Figure), approximately 800 000
square miles, included the Mississippi River Valley and most of the present-
day Midwest, almost doubled the size of what was then the United States.
1. One acre is 43 560 square feet or 4 840 square yards. There are exactly
640 acres in a square mile.
1.1. How many acres were purchased?
1.2. What was the cost per acre?
2. Today, an acre of land can cost anywhere from $100 to $1 000 000.
Assuming $500 per acre as a very low price, how much would the
Louisiana Purchase have cost at this rate?
The chart in Figure 2 illustrates the value of money between 1800 and 1999. It
illustrates that $100 in 1999 had less value than in previous years. For
example, $100 in 1999 is the equivalent of $10 in 1920.
3. Use the chart in Figure 2 to determine the price of the Louisiana Purchase
in today's dollars.
Figure 2. Chart showing the value of a U. S. dollar from 1800 to 1999.
4. Go to this web site: http://www.westegg.com/inflation/ Use the inflation

calculator on this web page to determine the exact cost of the Louisiana
Purchase in today's dollars.
5. Use the amount found in problem 4 to find the percentage change in 1803
dollars compared to 1999 dollars.
It might surprise you that the U.S. was able to purchase this large territory for
so little money (even in current dollars). Events that might explain this bargain
include the fact that Emperor Napoleon of France had just lost an army and
the island of Santo Domingo in the Caribbean to Toussaint L'Overture, the
leader of a slave insurrection. As a result, Napoleon was no longer interested
in maintaining a French foothold in North America. The purchase was ratified
through congressional legislation in October of 1803.
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/mathline/concepts/president/activity1.shtm
Jefferson's Library
Thomas Jefferson offered to sell his library to the federal government in 1814.
The government's own library was lost in August when the British burned the
Capitol in Washington, D.C.
In January 1815, Congress purchased Jefferson's library of 6 487 volumes for

$23 940. It was shipped to Washington by wagon in May. Jefferson's library
became the foundation for the collections of the Library of Congress.
6. What was the purchase price per book for Jefferson's library?
7. Use the graph in Figure 2 above to determine the cost of Jefferson's
library in current dollars.
8. Use the inflation calculator to determine the exact cost of the purchase in
today's dollars. ( http://www.westegg.com/inflation )
9. Use the amount found in problem 8 to compute the percentage change
from 1815 to 1999 dollars.
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/mathline/concepts/president/activity1.shtm
3. Distance and time

We often need to know how far it is from one place to another and how long a
journey will take us. Timing over distances is even more precise for athletes,
who measure time in tenths of a second, and are always hoping to take a
fraction of a second off the record.
Remember the following formula:

distance
Speed 
time
Example 5.7
http://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/projects/mepres/book8/bk8_18.pdf
Example 5.8
Example 5.9
http://www.tartan-tours.com/cycle1.gif
Example 5.10
Example 5.11
http://www.homepropertyservices.net/Image_H/car%20cartoon%202
%20logo.jpg
Example 5.12
http://gibbs.ccsdistrict.org/uploads/gibbs/imag
es/SchoolBus-Cartoon7-main_Full_0.jpg
1. A train travels 23,28km in 20 minutes.

(a) How far does it travel in 1 hour?
(b) What is the average speed of the train?
(c) How far does it travel in two and a half hours at the same speed?
2. A train is travelling at 66 km/ h .
(a) How many kilometres does it travel in 30 minutes?
(b) How many kilometres does it travel in 15 minutes?
3. A car’s petrol consumption is 12 kilometres per litre. Calculate the cost of
a journey from Bloemfontein to Kimberly, a distance of 165km, if the cost
of 1 litre petrol is R8,20.
4. A bus leaves Bloemfontein at 19:20 and reaches Durban at 2:50, a
distance of approximately 540km.
(a) How many minutes does the bus take for the journey?
(b) How many seconds does the bus take to travel 1 kilometre?
(c) What is the average speed of the bus on the journey from Bloemfontein
to Durban?
5. In physics, they often prefer to work with meters per second rather than
kilometres per hour. Can you convert 120km/h into m/s ?
6. If Brandon walks 2,5km in 12 minutes, how far can he walk in half an hour
(in meters at the same rate)?
7. Points A and B on a map are 12km apart if you follow the path. A troop of
boy scouts leaves point A at 11:00 a.m. They are all carrying packs and
travel 3km/hr until they reach point C at 12:45. If they want to reach point
B by 2:00, how fast will they have to go?
8. Shawn started his car (automatic shift), drove 8km and spent 2 minutes at
a stop light. Rachel (driving a manual shift) started her car and drove 9km
with no stops. Who used more gas?
Table of Gas Usage
Automatic Manual
IDLING .16 L/min .16 L/min
STARTING 0.05 L 0.05 L
MOVING 1L/22 km 1L/20 km

1. John Glenn’s first ride into space was aboard a

Mercury-Atlas rocket, and the time of the trip was a total
of 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds. This included the
launching of Glenn into space, three orbits of earth, and the
reentry back to earth. Assume that the three orbits of the
earth lasted 4 hours and 24 minutes. How long did it take him
to make one orbit of the earth?
2. The continental United States covers approximately four time
zones, or very roughly 4/24 of the earth’s circumference. How
long would it take Glenn to pass over the United States?
3. Glenn’s average orbital velocity was 17 544 mph. Suppose rather than
being up in space, Glenn was traveling this fast on the surface of the earth.
At this speed, how long would it take him to travel from Portland, OR to
Miami, FL--a distance of 2 700 miles?
4. Estimate how many miles John Glenn traveled during his orbiting of the
earth.
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/mathline/concepts/space/activity2.shtm
4. Perimeter
A perimeter is a path that surrounds an area.
1. An airfield is 800m wide and 1700m long. Calculate how much wire would
be required to enclose the airfield.
2. If I want to enclose the garden in

front of my house, how much wire
would be required?
8m
14m
3. Find the perimeter of each of the following figures:
(a)
7m
3m
1,5m
5m
(b) 8m
9m
3m
2m 3m
4. Maurice and his father planted a garden. They want to put a fence around
the garden. What is the perimeter of the garden shown by the shaded
region?
0,3 m
0,3 m
5cm
5. Calculate the perimeter of the figure:

4cm 4cm
20cm
6. What is the perimeter of the figure below? (Assume all angles are right
angles) 10cm
8cm
x 6cm
15cm
y 12cm
30cm
5. Area
1
There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre, so 1 millimetre is th the length of
10
one centimetre.
1 cm
1 mm
Any length n cm = 10 n mm , where n is any positive real number.
If we now consider areas, a square with sides of length 1cm will have a total
area of 1cm 2 (by definition). This square will contain 10 10  100 squares of
area 1mm2 each.
1 cm
1 mm
1mm2 is 100 times smaller than 1cm 2 .
Square measure, or area, is found by multiplying the length of one side by the
length of the other side. Area is expressed in km2, m2, cm2 or mm2.
5.1 Using the table in finding areas

REVIEW ON WORKING WITH POWERS OF 10
Multiplication
When multiplying powers of 10, you have to add the powers.
Examples: 10 2  105  10 25  10 7 , 10 2  10 5  10 25  10 3
Division
When dividing powers of 10, you have to subtract the powers.
5
10 5 5 2 3 10 1
Examples: 2
 10  10 , 2
 10 5 2  10 3  3
10 10 10
Powers of powers
When you take a power of a power, you have to multiply the powers.
Examples: 10 2   10 2  3  10 6 , 10 5   10 5 2  10 10
3 2
Using the table and common sense, you can now convert centimetre square
to kilometre square etc.… If you convert units for area you can use the table
on p.7, but you have to take the square into account. For area use table and
multiply the powers by 2.
Example 5.13
Convert 5cm 2 to km2 .
Solution
Step 1: Read from the table:
1cm  10 5 km
Step 2: Change from units for length to units for area by taking the square of
both sides.
 
2
12 cm 2  10 5 km2
 (multiply the exponents)
1cm 2  10 10 km2
Step 3: Multiply with the numerical value
1cm 2  10 10 km2

5cm  5  10 10 km2
2
Example 5.14
Convert 1m 2 to cm 2 .
Solution
1 m = 100 cm (read from table)
1m 2 = 100 2 cm 2 (take square)
1m 2 = 10 000 cm2
Example 5.15
How many mm 2 will 5cm 2 be?
Solution
1cm  10mm
1cm 2  10 2 mm 2
5cm 2  5  100mm 2

5 km2 = _________________cm2
500 cm2 = __________________m2
0,25 mm2 = __________________m–2
2. Suppose a carpet cost R85,67 per m 2 . Calculate the price of the following
carpet. 7m
3m
3. Suppose I want to tile my kitchen floor, each tile is 20cm by 30cm , how
many tiles would I need if my kitchen floor is 5m by 3m.
5m
3m
4. Suppose I want to paint a wall, and I know that you can use 500ml paint
for 56 m 2 . If the wall is 13m by 25m, calculate the amount of litres paint
needed to paint the wall.
5. Yosemite Sam built a square fence using 48 posts which enclosed a
square field. He placed the posts 5 metres apart. What is the area of the
field bounded by the fence?
6. Four strips of panelling 40 cm long and 4cm wide are arranged to form a
square. What is the area of the inner square in cm2?
7. The Town of Antigonish has decided to put a paved path around

Columbus Field. The path will be built so that the area of the park remains
the same. If the path is to be 3m wide...
a) What will be the perimeter of the path and the park? The dimensions
of the park are 210m x 460m.
b) What will be the area of the paved portion of the park?
6. Volume
Volume is a measure of the amount of space which is taken up by a solid.
Solids are three-dimensional shapes, i.e. they have length, breadth and
height. Volume is measured in cubic units: cm 3 , m 3 , km3 ...
Let us look again at the problem on p.22. For a cube there will be
10 10 10  1000 small cubes of volume 1mm3 in a large cube of volume 1cm 3 .
So 1mm3 is 1000 times smaller than 1cm 3 . A volume expressed in mm3 will
have a numerical factor 1000 times larger than the same volume in cm 3 .
Calculate the volume and

surface area of the following figure,
each cube has sides 1 cm long:
Volume = length x width x height.

Volume = (4x3x1) + (2x3x2)
= 12 +12
= 24 unit³
Surface area = area of front and back + area of left and right side + area of
bottom and top
= (8x2)+ (9x2) + 12+12
= 58 unit²
1. Calculate the volume and surface area of the following figures:

a) b)
2. You have 12 cubes, each with sides 1cm long. How many different
cuboids can you make using all the cubes for each one?
Two are shown here, but these are essentially the same, and could be
described as 3 × 2 × 2 cuboids. There are 3 other different cuboids that
can be made from 12 cubes. Describe them.
3. How many different cuboids can you make using:
3.1. 16 cubes,
3.2. 10 cubes,
3.3. 7 cubes,
3.4. 5 cubes,
3.5. 9 cubes?
4. Without drawing them or using cubes, decide how many different cuboids
you could make using the following numbers of cubes:
4.1. 17,
4.2. 8,
4.3. 20,
4.4. 49,
4.5. 15.
5. Can you determine a general result which gives you the number of
different cuboids it is possible to make possible using any number of
cubes?
(Hint: write each number as a product of its prime factors and look at the
sum of the powers for each number.)
6. If you are given 27 cubes, each with sides 1cm long.
6.1. Describe the 3 cuboids you can make, using all 27 of the cubes,
6.2. Which of these cuboids has the smallest surface area?
For example, this cuboid is made from 27 cubes:
Surface area = 9 + 9 + 3 + 3 + 27 + 27
= 78𝑐𝑚2
Record your results in a table:
7. Describe cuboids that have the smallest surface area that can be made
from:
7.1. 8 cubes, each with sides 1cm long,
8. Describe how to calculate the smallest surface area for a cuboid made
from a certain number of cubes.
http://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/projects/mepres/book7/y7s22act.pdf
Using the table, and common sense, you can now convert litres to cubic
metres or cubic centimetres etc.… If you convert units for volume you can use
the table on p.7, but you have to take the cube into account. For volume use
table and multiply the powers by 3.
We can look at the above problem again by checking your table on p.7
1cm  10mm so that 1cm 3  (10) 3 mm3  1000mm3 .
Another commonly used unit for volume is litre. You may picture for yourself
that 1 litre is the same volume as a cube of 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm.
1L = 10 cm  10 cm  10 cm
= 1 000 cm3
6.1 Using the table in finding Volumes
Example 5.17 Example 5.18

Convert 1cm 3 to m 3 . Convert 0,004 m 3 to cm 3 .
Solution Solution
1cm  0,01m 1m  100cm  10 2 cm
1cm 3  0,01 m 3 1m 3  10 2  cm 3  10 6 cm 3
3 3
1cm 3  0,000001m 3 1m 3  10 6 cm 3
0,004m 3  0,004  10 6 cm 3
Example 5.19
Change L to m3.
Solution
From the table: 1cm 3  (10 2 ) 3 m3  10 6 m3
Then using 1 L = 1000 cm3
we have = 1000  106 m3 = 0,001 m3
Easy to remember :
1 L = 1000 cm3
1 mL = 1 cm3
Example 5.20
Change mL to cm3.
Solution
1 mL = 0,001 L
1 L = 1000 cm3
0,001 L = 0,001  1000 cm3 = 1 cm 3

1.1. 10 cm3 = ___________________L
1.2. 0,009 L = ___________________m2
1.3. 3,7L = ___________________ cm 3
1.4. 20 mL = ___________________cm3
1.5. 3,7L = ____________________ m 3
2. A cubic metre of water weighs 1000kg. What is the weight of a waterbed
mattress that is 2 metres by 3 metres by 20cm if the casing of the mattress
weighs 1kg?
On October 29, 1998, John Glenn blasted off as a payload

specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. This marked
Glenn’s second voyage into space: his first was on February 20,
1962, when Glenn, one of the seven astronauts in the Mercury
Program, piloted the United States’ first manned orbital mission
aboard the Friendship 7. In these activities, you'll examine the
development of the United States manned space program by
comparing information about the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and
Space Shuttle programs.
Information about various U.S. Manned Space Flights
Mercury Program: Friendship 7 Gemini Program: Gemini 12
Launch Date: February 20, 1962 Launch Date: August 23, 1966
Crew: 1 (John Glenn) Crew: 2 (James Lovell & Edwin
Duration: 4 hours, 55 minutes, and Aldrin)
23 seconds Duration: 3 Days, 22 hours, 34 min,
Capsule: Conical 6 ft., 10 in. long by 31 seconds
6 ft., 2 1/2 in. in diameter. Capsule: Conical 7 ft., 6in. long by
Launch Vehicle: Atlas: 10 ft. in diameter.
Stages: 1 Launch Vehicle: Titan II:
Height: 82,5 ft. Stages: 2
Diameter: 10 ft. Height: 90 ft.
Total Thrust: 430 000 lb. Diameter: 10 ft.
Total Thrust: 530 000 lb.
Apollo Program: Apollo 11 Shuttle Program: Discovery STS-95

(Columbia and Eagle) Launch Date: October 29, 1998 2:00
Launch Date: July 16, 1969 p.m. EST (Estimated).
Crew: 3 (Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Crew: 7 (Curtis L. Brown, Steven W.
Collins, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.) Lindsey, Scott E. Parazynski,
Duration: 8 days, 3 hours, 18 Stephen K. Robinson, Pedro Duque,
minutes Chiaki Mukai, John H. Glenn)
Capsule: Conical 10 ft., 7 in. long by Duration: 8 days, 22 hours, 4
12 ft., 10 in. in diameter. minutes. (Estimated)
Launch Vehicle: Saturn V: Orbiter: Crew compartment 2 625
Stages: 3 cubic feet.
Height: 363 ft. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle, external
Diameter: 33 ft. tank, and two solid rocket boosters:
Total Thrust: 8 990 000 lb. Stages: 1
Height: 184,2 ft.
Total Thrust: 6 993 800 lb.
Use the above information to answer the following questions.

1. The Apollo mission with the Saturn V rocket had the tallest launch vehicle
because it was used to send three men to the moon. How many times
taller than the other launch vehicles was Apollo?
2. For the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions, the capsule was the shape
of a cone. The volume of a cone is 1/3 x (pi) x radius2 x height.
2.1. Calculate the volume of the Mercury capsule. This space held the
astronaut, his chair, and all of his equipment and instruments.
Take: 12 inches = 1 foot
2.2. Calculate the volume of the capsule for the Gemini mission. Since
there were two people, how much space was there per person?
Take: 12 inches = 1 foot
2.3. On the Apollo missions, the astronauts also brought along an LEM
(Lunar Excursion Module) for landing on the moon. Consider just the
Apollo capsule: what was its volume? How much space was there
per person?
3. How much space per person will there be on the Space Shuttle mission?
4. How many times longer should John Glenn’s Space Shuttle mission be
than his original Mercury mission?
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/mathline/concepts/space/activity1.shtm
7. End of section comments

It is often necessary to find the area of flat surfaces – a field, a roof, floor
space, a wall.
8. Reference
- Graham Boatfield, Ian Hamilton, Calculations for Agriculture and
Horticulture, Farming press limited,1st edition, 1984.
- Nina H. Mitchell ,Mathematical Applications in Agriculture, Thomson
Delmar Learning, 2004.
9. Feedback
Answers on start up activity 5.1
1. 6 minutes
2. 15 miles
3. One hour
4. 900 milligrams
5. almost 1 gram
6. 11,25 times her body weight
7. 700 milligrams of nectar, 200 milligrams of pollen
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/ahb/
10. Tracking my progress
You have reached the end of this section. Check whether you have achieved
the learning outcomes for this section.
Learning outcomes  I feel  I still need

At the end of this section you should be confident more practice
able to competently do the following:
Convert between units of

measurement
Solve problems by changing to the
correct unit of measurement
Solve problems that involves scales on
a map
Solve problems that involves time and
distance
Calculate the perimeter for a given
figure or word problem
measurement that involves area
Calculate the area for a given figure or
word problem
measurement that involves volume

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Section 6: Measurement

Check your weight on other planets by visiting the following website.

Start up activity 5.1: Can I work with units of

Use length units (kilometres, meters, centimetres, millimetres) to

Use weight units (kilograms, grams, milligrams) to measure:

Use capacity units (litres, millimetres) to measure liquids (thing that

Assessment Activity 5.2

1. Choose the most sensible measure.

kilo means 1000  10 3

Use the table above to do the following examples:

To change from one unit into a smaller unit we multiply.

Assessment Activity 5.4

1. Complete the following (if possible):

2.2 Adding and subtracting different units

1. A lorry load of 5000kg potatoes is to be shovelled into 400g bags. How

The Louisiana Purchase

4. Go to this web site: http://www.westegg.com/inflation/ Use the inflation

In January 1815, Congress purchased Jefferson's library of 6 487 volumes for

3. Distance and time

Remember the following formula:

Assessment Activity 5.7

1. A train travels 23,28km in 20 minutes.

Table of Gas Usage

IDLING .16 L/min .16 L/min

STARTING 0.05 L 0.05 L

MOVING 1L/22 km 1L/20 km

1. John Glenn’s first ride into space was aboard a

Assessment Activity 5.9

2. If I want to enclose the garden in

5. Calculate the perimeter of the figure:

Any length n cm = 10 n mm , where n is any positive real number.

1mm2 is 100 times smaller than 1cm 2 .

5.1 Using the table in finding areas

1. Complete the following (if possible):

7. The Town of Antigonish has decided to put a paved path around

Calculate the volume and

Volume = length x width x height.

Assessment Activity 5.13

1. Calculate the volume and surface area of the following figures:

Record your results in a table:

6.1 Using the table in finding Volumes

Example 5.17 Example 5.18

Assessment Activity 5.14

1. Complete the following (if possible):

Assessment Activity 5.15

On October 29, 1998, John Glenn blasted off as a payload

Apollo Program: Apollo 11 Shuttle Program: Discovery STS-95

Use the above information to answer the following questions.

7. End of section comments

Learning outcomes  I feel  I still need

Convert between units of

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