Grade

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 1
MELC 1,2 & 3

Measurements
PART I.
MELC 1: Approximates the measures of quantities particularly length,
weight/mass, volume, time, angle, temperature, and rate.

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module entails the study of the standard units of measures, illustrate the
development of measurement, and convert a metric unit to another metric unit.
Have you ever wondered how our ancestors measure length and width? As evidence
would suggest that in the 3rd century BC Egypt, people used their body parts to determine
measurements of things. Some of the units are:
1. Span – distance from the tip of the little finger to the tip of the thumb of an
outstretched hand.
2. Palm – distance across the base of the four fingers that form the palm.
3. Digit – thickness or width of the index finger
4. Handspan – distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little fingers of one‟s
hand with fingers spread apart.
5. Forearm length – distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger.
6. Foot – length of a foot
7. Cubit - Distance from the tip of the middle finger off the outstretched hand offline to
the front of the elbow it is old. Pace - distance off one full step.

MELC 2: Converts measurements from one unit to another in both Metric and
English system.

A. Introduction and discussion

The primitive ways of measurement create a major gap as human beings differ
physically. Some may have longer handspan than another. With this, standard units of
measure were developed.
A unit of measure is labeled standard when it has been defined that the population
uses the same one. There are two standardized system of measure at present: The
Customary System and the Metric System.
The customary system, used to be called the “English system”, Until England
adopted the metric system. This system evolved from non-standard units of measure. Thus,
the bases for this system are not very rational.

Table 1. Common units in the customary system

Property Unit abbreviation Equivalent unit in other units

length inch in ½ ft
foot ft 12 in
yard yd 3 ft
mile mi 5280 ft
Weight ounce oz 1/16 lb
Pound lb 16 oz
Ton ton 2000 lb
Capacity Pint pt 2 cups
quart Qt 2 pt
gallon Gal 4 qt
square inch in2 1/44 ft2
square feet ft2 144 in2 or 1/9 yd2
square yard yd2 9 ft2
acre Acre 1/640 mi2 or 43560 ft2
square mile mi2 640 acres
volume cubic inch in3 1/1728 ft3
3 3 3
cubic foot ft 1728 in or 1/27 yd
yd3 3
cubic yard 2.7 ft
temperature Fahrenheit degrees ˚F
 As of the identity property of multiplication states, the product of any value and 1 is
the value itself. Consequently, dividing a value by the same value would be equal to 1.
for example: 1 foot / 12 inches = 1 3 feet / 1 yard = 1
These conversion factors may be used to convert from one unit to another. Remember that
canceling same units would guide you in your conversion factors:
For example:
1. Convert 3 yards to inches. Since 1 yard = 12 inches
Then 3 yd = _____ in

For a long time, the Philippines, and many countries as well, utilized the customary or
English system as the standard unit of measure. However, the ease of use of the metric
system soon convinced most of these countries to switch from English to metric. The
Philippines adopted the metric system in 1983.
Originally from France, the metric system is a decimal system just like the
numeration system. This means that sizes or weights increase or decrease in units of 10.
The subunits in the metric system use Greek and Latin prefixes. These are expressed in
powers of 10.

Table 1.2 Prefixes used in the metric system

Greek Latin
Prefixes Equivalence Prefixes Equivalence
Deca Ten (10) Deci One-tenth (1/10)
Hecto One Hundred (100) Centi One-hundredth (1/100)
Kilo One Thousand (1000) Milli One-thousandth (1/1000)
To illustrate, the “meter” is the basic unit for length in the metric system.

For example:
1. Convert 2 meters to centimeters. since 1 m = 100 cm

2 m = ____ cm

Table 1.3 Basic units of the metric system

property basic unit abbreviation
length meter m
weight and mass kilogram kg
capacity liter L
area square meter m2
Volume Cubic meter m3
temperature Degrees Celsius ˚C
time Second S

Here in our country, while the metric system is our official system of measure, some
sectors are still applying the English system. Therefore, it is beneficial to know the
equivalents of usually used English and metric units.

Table 1.4 converting units in the English system

English system metric system English metric system
system
1 inch 2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 gallon 4.546 liters (L)
1 yard 0.9144 meter (m) 1 acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)
1 mile 1.609 kilometers (km) 1 cubic foot 0.0283 cubic meter (m 3)
1 pound 0.4536 kilogram (kg)

For example:
1. Convert 5 inches to centimeters. Since 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
Then 5 inch = _____ cm
Table 1.5 Converting units in the metric system to English system
Metric system English system
1 meter (m) 3.281 feet (ft)
1 kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)
1 gram (g) 0.0356 ounce (oz)
1 kilogram (kg) 2.205 pounds (lbs)
1 liter (L) 1.759 pint (pt)
1 hectare (ha) 2.471 acres
For example
1. How many miles are there in 10 kilometers? since there are 0.6214 mile in every
kilometer.
Then 5 km = _____ mi 5 km x = 3.107 mi

MELC 3: Solves problems involving conversion of units of measurement.

A. Introduction and discussion

A Frenchman named Gabriel Mouton developed the metric system in 1670. However, it is
only in 1981 when it was codified by the International Standardization Organization (ISO).
There are two major advantages of the metric system. First, it is universal - it is used
by most countries worldwide. Second, the comparison of the units is easy as it follows our
decimal and monetary systems.
Reminders in writing in the metric and decimal systems:
1. When writing the symbols, there is a space and no „s‟ or full stop.
2. A comma is no longer used as a thousand separator, instead a space is used.
3. A zero should always be placed before the decimal point.

To illustrate
Correct Incorrect
5 kg 5 kg. , 5kgs, 5kg
12 900 12,900
0.25 .25

Length
The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter (m). A ruler or a meter stick
is frequently used to measure length.

Table 1.6 Metric units of length

Unit multiple or fraction Unit multiple or fraction

of 1 meter of 1 meter
1 kilometer (km) 1000 m 1 decimeter (dm) 0.1 m
1 hectometer (hm) 100 m 1 centimeter (cm) 0.01 m
1 decameter (dam) 10 m 1 millimeter (mm) 0.001 m

Example.
1. Convert 320 meters to centimeters
or

Weight
The basic unit of weight is gram (g). The popular instrument for measuring weight is
the weighing scale.
Table 1.7 metric units of weight

Unit Multiple or fraction of Unit Multiple or

1 gram fraction of 1
gram
1 metric ton (t) 1 000 000 g 1 decigram (dg) 0.1 g
1 kilogram (kg) 1 000 g 1 centigram (cg) 0.01 g
1 hectogram (hg) 100 g 1 milligram (mg) 0.001 g
1 dekagram (dag) 10 g
.
Cottons or medicines for example are weighed in mg. Sausage and hams are
weighed in grams. Huge and heavy items like trucks, shipping vessels, and large cargo of
grains or steel bars are measured in metric tons. The preference of unit is typically based in
the size of the item being weighed
Example. Match each item do its approximate weight
1. paper clip 1g 10 g 100 g
2. Apple 15 g 150 g 500 g
3. can of soda 45 g 450 g 750 g
the answers are: 1) 1 g 2) 150 g 3) 450 g

Area
Small surface such as a notebook or a portable whiteboard, the unit of area is the
square centimeters (cm 2). For large surface, such as the floor area of house or the area of a
large basketball court, the unit used is square meter (m 2).
Land areas are measured in terms of hectares or square kilometer. One hectare (10
000 m2) is the area of a square whose side is 100 m. A square kilometer, on the other hand
is the area of a square whose side is equal to 1 000 m. It is the unit used in measuring large
tracks of land and oceans. One decameter is one are (pronounced “air”).

Table 1.8 metric units of area

Unit Multiple or fraction of 1 metre square
1 square centimeter (cm 2) 0.0001 m2
1 square meter (m2) 1 m2
1 are (a) 100 m2
1 hectare (ha) 10 000 m2
1 square kilometer (km 2) 1 000 000 m2

Capacity and Volume

Volume refers to how much space a region takes up, while capacity refers to how
much a container will hold.
Capacity is used with liquid's and is often measured in terms of liter (L), milliliter (ml)
depending on the amount to be measured and cubic meter (m3).

Table 1.9 metric units of volume and capacity

Capacity Volume
1 milliliter (ml) 1 cubic centimeter (cm 3)
1 liter (L) 1 000 cubic centimeters (cm 3)
Example:
Gary bought a 1.5 L bottle of soda. if a regular sized glass can hold 210 ml, about
how many glasses can the bottle of soda fill?
Solution: first convert 1.5 liters to milliliter

 Then, divide 1 500 ml by 210 ml

1 500 ml ÷ 210 ml = 7.14  Thus, the 1.5 L bottle of soda can fill approximately 7 glasses.
Time
A clock measures the passage of time. Time is measured in hours, minutes,
seconds.

Table 1.10 Units used to measure time

Unit Equivalent Unit Equivalent
60 seconds (s) 1 minute (min) 365 days 1 year (yr)
60 minutes (min) 1 hour (h) 10 years 1 decade
24 hours (h) 1 day (da) 100 years 1 century
12 months (mo) 1 year (yr) 1 000 years 1 millennium

Example:
1. How many hours are there in a week?
Solution: there are seven days in a week and 24 hours in a day. Thus:

Measure of temperature
In measuring temperature, the degree Celsius is used. Chosen after the Swedish
astronomer, Andres Celsius, who conceived the scale in 1742. Originally called centigrade,
two reference temperatures are used:
 The freezing point of water (0˚C) | The boiling point of water (100
˚C)
A metric thermometer used in measuring temperature is divided in intervals between the
freezing and boiling points.
Degree Celsius can be converted into degrees Fahrenheit (named after the German
instrument maker, Gabriel Fahrenheit, The English equivalent of Celsius.
To convert ˚C to ˚F, use the formula ˚F = 9/5 ˚C + 32
Conversely ˚C = 5/9 (˚F – 32)
Examples
1. Convert 27 ˚C to degree Fahrenheit
Solution: ˚F = 9/5 ˚C + 32 = 9/5 (27) + 32 = 48.6 + 32 = 80.6 ˚F
2. Convert 95 ˚F to degree elsius
Solution: ˚C = 5/9 (˚F – 32) = 5/9 (95 – 32) = 5/9 (63) = 35 ˚C

Measure of an angle
Derived from the Latin word angulus, which means corner, an angle is defined as a
figure formed when two Rays share a common endpoint called the vertex. Angles are
measured either in degree or radian measures. A protractor is used to determine the
measure of an angle in degrees. In using the protractor, make sure that the cross bar in the
middle of the protractor is aligned with the vertex and one of the legs of the angle is aligned
with one side of the line passing through the cross bar. The measurement of the angle is
determined by its other leg.

C
B

X A

∠ AXB = 50˚ ∠ AXC = 120˚

 Measurements Involving Ratios
These are measurements that show the relationship between two quantities. This
relationship can be expressed in the form of a ratio.
Comparisons in terms of quantity, quality or prices make use of ratios. When
forming a ratio of quantities of the same kind, make sure to use the same unit of measure for
each quantity.

Examples:
1. The bag contains 3 kg of grapes and two kg of lanzones. The ratio written as 3:2 or
3/2
A ratio can be used to compare quantities off different kinds. Such a ratio is called
a rate.
Examples:
1. Roses are selling at the rate of ₱50 for 4 or ₱50 per 4. The word “per” indicates
division.
The rate can be written as the ratio 50:4 or 50 ÷ 4 or 50/4 or 12.5 /1
This means that the price of a rose is ₱12.50.
This means that the speed of the horse is 7.5 km per hour.

References:

1. Elementary Algebra Textbook for First Year NPSBE by Julieta Bernabe

Pitambra Books Pvt. Ltd. B – 95, Industrial Area Bijoli, Jhansi, (Uttar Pradesh) India
pages 2 – 23
2. Moving Ahead with Mathematics I SEMP. Mathematics Textbook for First Year
Highschool by Estrellita L. Misa and Bernandino Q. Li
FNB Educational Inc, # 2 Uranus St., corner Jupiter St., Congressional Subdivision,
Proj 6, Quezon City pages 1 – 20
3. Making Connections in Mathematics. A worktext for First Year High School RBEC by
Gladys Nievera, Alice Dioquino, Olivia Buzon and Teresita Abalajon
Vicarish Publication and Trading Inc., 1946-A F Torres corner Diamante Ext., Sta.
Ana, Manila Pages 2 – 30
4. E-Math Elementary Algebra, Worktext in Mathematics by Orlando Orance and Marllyn
Mendoza
Published and Distributed by Rex Bookstore
856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St. 1977 CM Recto Avenue, Manila Philippines
Pages 19 - 87
PART II. Activities
Activity I
Directions: Convert the following height, weight, temperature, or time to the indicated unit.
1. Dan: 5 ft = _______ in
2. May: 115 lb = _____ kg
3. Amy: 4 ft 6 in = _____ cm
4. Lyn: 28 kg = _____ g
5. Kathy: 35 ˚C = _____ ˚F
6. Belle: 12 years = _____ months
7. Karoul: 1 decade and 24 months = _____ years
8. Hero: 30 kg = _____ hg
9. John: 1.5 m = _____ dm
10. Diane: 96.8 ˚F = _____ ˚C

Activity II
Directions: Find the measure of the given angles C
1 .∠ AXB = _____ D
2. ∠ AXC = _____ B
3. ∠ BXC = _____
4. ∠ AXD = _____
5. ∠ BXD = ____
6. ∠ CXD = _____
E
7. ∠ AXE = _____
8. ∠ BXE = _____
9. ∠ CXE = _____
10. ∠ DXE = _____ X A

Activity III

Directions: Solve the problem.

There are 46 learners in 7-Sampaguita class consisting of 17 boys and 29 girls.

Express the ratio of the following :

1. girls to boys = __________

2. boys to class = __________
3. girls to class = __________
4. boys to girls = __________
 Activity I
1. 60 inches
Activity III 2. 52.164 kilogram
3. 137.16 centimeters
1. 29:17 4. 28 000 grams
2. 17:46 5. 95 ˚F
3. 29:46 6. 144 months
4. 17:29 7. 12 years
8. 300 hg
9. 15 dm
10. 36 ˚C
Activity II
1. 50˚
2. 80˚
3. 30˚
4. 120˚
5. 70˚
6. 40˚
7. 160˚
8. 110˚
9. 80˚
10. 40˚
Key Answer
PART III. Assessment
I. Choose the most sensible answer. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided for.
__________ 1. In which country did the metric system come from?

a. England b. United States c. France d. Germany

__________ 2. Which body part was the inch based?

a. Arm span b. hand span c. length of a foot d. length of a

thumb
__________ 3. It is called the universal system of measure.

a. English b. Metric c. US Customary d. ISO

__________ 4. Which of these measures is not written correctly?

a. 12 cm b. 12 kgs c. 12 ml. d. .12 mm

__________ 5. The temperature outside is 80˚, what unit is being used?

a. Celcius b. Fahrenheit c. Kelvin d. Mercury

__________ 6. A pen is 14 cm long. What is its length in mm?

a. 0.14 mm b. 140 mm c. 0.014 mm d. 1 400 mm

__________ 7. Convert the body temperature of 36.4˚C to ˚F?

a. 97.52 ˚F b. 65.52 ˚F c. 33.52 ˚F d. 52.22 ˚F

__________ 8. Her younger sister is now 60 months old, how old is she after a year?

a. 6 years old b. 7 years old c. 5 years old d. 4 years

old
__________ 9. A book‟s length is 10 inches, convert its measure in cm.

a. 2.54 cm b. 25.4 cm c. 254 cm d. 2540 cm

__________ 10. The width of your hand is about:

a. 5 mm b. 10 cm c. 15 dm d. 20 m
__________ 11. What is the weight of a piece of writing paper?

a. 1 g b. 3 dag c. 250 mg d. 20 kg
__________ 12. What instrument is used in measuring temperature?

a. thermometer b. barometer c. speedometer d. meterstick

__________ 13. How many minutes are there between 8 AM to 10:15 AM?

a. 120 b. 125 c. 135 d. 140

__________ 14. The prefix milli means 1/1000. A millimeter is equivalent to:

a. 1 m b. 1000 m c. 0.001 m d. 0.1 m

__________ 15. How many grams are there in 2 kilograms?

a. 20 g b. 200 g c. 2 000 g d. 20 000 g

__________ 16. A container holds 1.52 liters of liquid. How many milliliters is that?

a. 152 ml b. 1520 ml c. 15200 ml d. 152 000 ml

__________ 17. Which of the following is longer than 1 kilometer?

a. 1000 m b. 1-mile c. 1001 yards d. 5000 dm

__________ 18. How many cups are there in 1 quart?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
__________ 19. What is the unit for area?

a. m b. m2 c. m3 d. L
__________ 20. Which among the lists of measurement is the shortest?

a. 15 cm b. 10 dm c. ½ m d. 120 mm