Background: Cigarettes killed six million people each year.

Smoking could increase

occurrence of oxidative stress in human body so that it affected MDA levels
(Malondialdehyde) which was a biomarker of oxidative stress. The objective of this
research was to figure out MDA levels in tobacco and vape smokers viewed from the
intensity of smoking.
Method: The researchers set observational descriptive design with cross sectional
study approach using simple random sampling technique. A total of 80 research
subjects consisted of 40 tobacco smokers and 40 vape smokers with nicotine. Each
group was divided into two, namely group with smoking intensity ≤ 2 years and the
group with smoking intensity > 2 years. Plasma MDA levels were measured using
TBARS method in spectra-photometric.
Result and discussion: Vape smokers with smoking intensity ≤ 2 years obtained a
minimum value of 0.056 with a median value of 1.685 and a maximum value of
4.052. At smoking intensity > 2 years, the minimum value was 0.014 with a median
value of 0.573 and a maximum value of 1.222. For tobacco smokers with smoking
intensity ≤ 2 years, the minimum value was 0.270 with a median value of 0.834 and a
maximum value of 1.780. Tobacco cigarette smokers with intensity > 2 years obtained
a minimum value of 0.103 with a median value of 2.171 and a maximum value of
5.013. with an adjusted R square value of -0.012 which means that the longer the
smoking intensity/time, the MDA level would decrease. The results of the Spearman
correlation test analysis in table 5 obtained a value of p = 0.085 (p> 0.05), it can be
concluded that there was no significant correlation (p> 0.05). The history of tobacco
smoking and the acute effects of vape is a possible factor in this study. Increased
MDA levels still depend on the dose-dependent relationship, it means that MDA
levels will increase with increasing consumption of cigarettes both in number and
intensity.
Conclusion: There was an anomaly of MDA level on vape and tobacco smokers
viewed from the duration of smoking.

Keywords: malondialdehyde, tobacco, vape, smoking intensity.