CHAPTER I:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The concept of technology does not only relate to the technology that embodies in

the product but it is also associated with the knowledge or information of its use,

application and the process in developing the product (Lovell, 1998; Bozeman, 2000;

Wahab et al, 2012).

Technologies are the driving forces of transformation in societies. Today it

becomes an industrial and economic tool. The innovation of technologies produces

change in the production process, creation and development of new lines of business,

increased marketing of a product and in the set-up of new organizational modes of social

interaction along the societies around the world (Bolay & Kern, 2011). The emergence of

technologies and its development become crucial to the world. It becomes a tool for

change that affects the natural and modern environments where individuals live. It shapes

the contemporary culture of human beings that includes their perspectives about the

society and the world. The technology plays an important role in the exchanges of

information as well as social interaction. It constitutes distribution of assets, knowledge

and products that are driven by growth. Technology is a driving force that outlines the

present and determines the future.

As technologies are important tools for innovation in the modern world,

entrepreneurship also play a central role in the modern economy because it is the prime

makers of businesses. Entrepreneurs are crucial to economic equilibrium because they are

1
the ones who run the economy. Business ventures are responsible in all the activities

associated with economy outside the government. Economic equilibrium, including

prices, allocation of goods, and the structure of transactions, thus depends on the actions

of entrepreneurs (Spulber, 2008).

Developing countries suffer from high rates of unemployment, continuous rise in

poverty, growing disparities and difficult access to basic needs. As entrepreneurship is a

major contributor in development, government agencies in developing countries support

and promote entrepreneurship but majority of entrepreneurial ventures might not be

suitable for poor communities since the ventures are developed in a totally different

entrepreneurial environment in the developed countries (Paula Linna, 2011). According

to Paula Linna (2011) community level entrepreneurship might be appropriate in

changing community livelihoods in developing countries in at least two fold situations:

First, for investment requiring high capital especially relating to providing access to

essentials such as electricity and water delivery, by which it also need collaborative

efforts of maintenance. These needs stand as the main constraints to the community-

entrepreneurship especially in poor communities. Second, mobilizing local resources to

increase the voice of individual person and benefits the volume of mass, for example

getting access to market. A community-driven resource mobilization is an indirect way of

empowering the community at different levels whose masses particularly in weak

economies that have underwent a stunted development.

In developing countries, high rate of technology progress is recorded in the last

decades. Technological progress has largely contributed in reducing poverty in

developing countries which has dropped from 29% to 18% in 2004 (World Bank, 2008a).

2
Entrepreneurs need technology to fulfill their responsibilities especially in building a

technology-driven community business firm (Goutam and Sarkar, 2015). Technology and

entrepreneurship is connected to each other and thus are also important in the

development of all the countries. Technology as a tool, method and process is a

supporting element to entrepreneurship development. Technology is involved in every

process of entrepreneurship the idea generation, idea selection, resource assemblage,

production and services, marketing, customer satisfaction and other aspect related to

development of enterprise. Technologies always bring opportunities to business ventures

(Amad, 2014).

Entrepreneurship and the emergence of technology contribute to the society.

There are studies that describe the relation of technology to entrepreneurship and

innovation. This study filled the gaps of the past studies. This evaluates the response of

community entrepreneurs to technological integration and identifies its effect to the

community entrepreneurial process. The result of this study contribute to the knowledge

about the topic, such knowledge can help a developing community to increase its growth

and developed further to build better lives for the people in the community.

1.2 Statement of the problem

The general objective of the study is to determine the impact of technological

integration to community entrepreneurs. Specifically it answers the following questions:

1. What are the technologies used by the community entrepreneurs?

2. How do community entrepreneurs respond to technological integration?

3. How does technological integration influence the community entrepreneurial

process?

3
 a. opportunity identification

b. entrepreneurial initiative

c. development of a plan

d. mobilizing resources

1.3 Conceptual framework

The figure below defines the research variables and clarifies relationships among

the presented variables of this study.

Input Process Output

• Entrepreneurs • Case Study • Provides further
• Brgy. Talon • Purposive Sampling information about
Tres • Structured the effects of
• Technological Interview technological
Integration integration to
• Data Analysis
community
• Summary of the entrepreneurship.
responses of the • Gives another
community
reference and
entrepreneurs. study guides for
• Evaluation of the business
gathered management
information. students and
• Descriptive aspiring
analization of the entrepreneurs.
information
gathered.

1.4 Significance of the study

Technology is now used for the humans daily lives it has a large impact on the

perspectives, goals and knowledge of an individual. As the technology is now on hand

the development of entrepreneurial ventures are will be affected. This study gave

4
information about the impact of technological integration to community-

entrepreneurship. It gave further information and build stronger knowledge bases about

the relation between entrepreneurship and technological integration. This study can help

the community-entrepreneurs in developing their firms helping the community in giving

jobs to unemployed community members. To the aspiring entrepreneurs this can be a

guide on how to start and run a business venture using the aid of the new technologies.

To ABM students this can serve as a new reference for further studies.

1.5 Scope and delimitations of the study

This study determined the impact of technological integration to community

entrepreneurship. It is focused on determining the specific technology used by the

community entrepreneurs and their response to the emergence of technology. This study

evaluates the effects of technological integration to community entrepreneurial process.

Only 11 community entrepreneurs are interviewed for the study. The locale of the

study is Barangay Talon Tres, Las Piñas City. This study was conducted on February to

March 2017.

1.6 Definition of Terms

The following definitions are presented on how they are used in the study:

Business venture A small business with the intent of profiting

financially.

Community entrepreneur A community member who runs a small

business and assumes all the risks and

rewards of a given

5
 business venture, idea, or good or service

offered for sale.

Entrepreneurial process The entrepreneurial process is a process of

pursuing a new venture that involves more

than just problem solving in a typical

management position.

Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the process of

discovering new ways of combining

resources.

Technology The branch of knowledge that deals with

The creation and used of technical means

and their interrelation with life, society and

environment, drawing upon such subjects as

industrial arts, engineering, applied science

and pure science

Technological integration Technology integration is using software

supported by the business world for real-

world applications.

6
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs are people who conceive opportunities to offer new or improved

goods or services (or even new markets or ways of doing things), exhibit initiative to

pursue those opportunities, make plans and mobilize the resources necessary to convert

their concepts into reality. Entrepreneurship refers to conceiving an opportunity to offer

new or improved goods or services, showing the initiative to pursue that opportunity,

making plans and mobilizing resources necessary to convert the opportunity into reality.

Entrepreneurship is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources (Dyck

and Neubert, 2009).

Entrepreneurship is also referred as the ability and amenable to manage, develop,

and organize a business project along with any of its risks in order to gain profit. The

most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. In other

term, this is also an activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial

risks in the hope of profit (Naude, 2013). The discipline of entrepreneurship generally

studies the process of opportunity creation, recognition, and utilization. Hence, the

definition of entrepreneurship is that it is about the discovery and exploitation of

opportunities (Szirmai et al, n.d.).

Entrepreneurship is often discussed under different topics. The entrepreneurial

factor is understood to be a new factor in the production process that is different to the

old ideas of work and capital, which must be explained by compensation through revenue

7
for the entrepreneurs along with the scarcity of people with entrepreneurial capabilities.

Its consideration as an entrepreneurial function refers to the discovery and exploitation of

opportunities or to the creation of enterprise. Entrepreneurial behavior is seen as behavior

that manages to combine innovation, risk-taking and activeness (Miller, 1983; Cuervo et

al, n.d.). Literatures about entrepreneurial initiative underline the reasons for correctly

anticipating market flaws or the capacity to innovate in order to create new combination

of ideas. Entrepreneurial initiative covers the concepts of creation, risk-taking, innovation

inside or outside an existing organization. The entrepreneurial spirit emphasizes

exploration, search and innovation, as opposed to the exploitation of business

opportunities pertaining to managers (Cuervo et al, n.d.).

All of the well known organizations today have different entrepreneurial

beginning. Sometimes entrepreneurship can be found within existing organization a

phenomenon that is often referred to as Intrapreneurship. Intrapreneurship is the act of

behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization.

Intrapreneurship is known as the practice of a corporate management style that integrates

risk-taking and innovation approaches, as well as the reward and motivational techniques,

that are more traditionally thought of as being the province of entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is important because it helps to drive the economy, it allows people to

bring creativity into the marketplace, it creates companies with the potential to hire

millions of people and it brings new products and services to market. In addition, impact

entrepreneurship, in which business people pay attention to the social impact of their

products and investments, aims to improve society and the environment (Dyck and

Neubert, 2009).

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2.2 The entrepreneurial process

According to Dyck and Neubert (2009) entrepreneurship follows a process as

having the four steps of the entrepreneurial process. These are as opportunity

identification, entrepreneurial initiative, development of a plan, and mobilization of

resources. The entrepreneurial process had different views in the two approaches the

mainstream point of view and the Multistream point of view.

2.2.1 The entrepreneurial process in mainstream point of view

Mainstream Entrepreneurs offers products that meets a need that people are

willing to pay for. They have the high need for achievement and self-confidence. They

have strategic plans that highlight financial costs and benefits. They attract financial

resources and get started.

In mainstream entrepreneurial process entrepreneurial opportunities may emerge

from changes in the tasks, macro or international environments. Entrepreneurs are more

likely to have an orientation that looks at possibilities of how something can be done,

rather than thinking of reasons why it can’t be done. Mainstream entrepreneurs are

constantly looking for better and more financially rewarding ways to meet needs. They

are looking for places where they can outperform existing competitors, either by lowering

cost, or providing unique added value. They look for opportunities to invest resources

that will yield a higher financial return than they currently get. Entrepreneurs have

important contributions in our society. Most notably, entrepreneurship plays an important

role in keeping economy going in areas such as job creation and innovation.

Simply identifying opportunities does not automatically make someone an

entrepreneur they need to take actions they need to show their entrepreneurial initiative.

9
In mainstream point of view personality traits and life path circumstances has an effect

whether people show entrepreneurial initiative. The two personality traits that are most

associated to mainstream entrepreneurs are (1) high need for achievement and (2) high

level of self-confidence. First, people with a high need for achievement learn to set

achievable yet challenging goals, they look for feedback on performance as a way to

evaluate their achievement. Mainstream entrepreneurs are especially to set financial

goals. Second, entrepreneurs must have enough self-confidence to carry out necessary

task involved in running their business. Entrepreneurs must trust their own abilities to

fulfill the unmet needs that they have identified. Life path circumstances also affect the

likelihood that someone will start a new organization. People are more likely to act on

their entrepreneurial urgings if they are; in a midst of transition, being pushed away by

the status quo or pulled into an entrepreneurial venture. First, people are more likely to

start a new organization if they have gone through a planned or unexpected transition in

their lives such as life events. Second, people are more likely to start a new organization

if their current jobs are dissatisfying or if they have little hope of finding satisfying

employment. This group includes intrapreneurs who believe that their good ideas are

being trashed by their management. Third, people are more likely to become

entrepreneurs if they have positive pull influences, such as availability of financial

resources and active encouragement from mentors, friends and family members.

Creating plans are critical for mainstream entrepreneurs. A plan provides a clear

direction by laying out strategy necessary to reach objectives. This is the most important

part of entrepreneurship education. It will ensure entrepreneurs to think of different

aspects of the new venture before starting up. There are different processes to set up a

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plan. First, mainstream entrepreneurs creates concept for the new venture. It specifies the

unmet needs in the economic context of customers and other organizations and describe

how the new venture’s goods and services will meet that need. This section of plan

should provide relevant background information and describe how the new venture will

fit the products and service offered by existing organizations. Entrepreneurs should

evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the new venture relative to opportunities and

threats that you have identified. The concept should be based on solid information. This

section also include advertising plans, sales projection and an idea on what position or

share of the market you hope to secure. Entrepreneurs should also include the access to

resources that will help to complete and refine the design of products or services offered.

Second, Entrepreneurs manage its own management team. The plan should provide a

clear description of the management team’s experience and expertise to manage team.

Entrepreneurs should provide a clear division of work to each member of the

organization. They should highlight the strength and weaknesses of the members of the

organization. Third, entrepreneurs should specify all the resources required along with

expected financial costs. The final section describes how resources will be mobilized

over time and identifies contingency plans that will be put in place in case events do not

unfold as planned.

When the plan for the new venture is in place the entrepreneur is prepared to

acquire and mobilize the necessary resources. This phase involves the required financing,

establishing relationships with suppliers and other stakeholders, creating and

implementing the organizational structure and systems. For mainstream entrepreneurs

adequate financing is the key source that needs to be mobilized. Debt financing occurs

11
when an entrepreneur borrow money from family and friends, a bank, or other financial

institution that must be paid back at some future date. Equity financing occurs when

investors in a new venture receive shares and become part owners of the organization.

2.2.2 The entrepreneurial process in multistream point of view

Multistream Entrepreneurship focuses on providing multiple forms of well-being

for entrepreneur, other investors and stakeholders. Multistream entrepreneurship is

evident in a wide variety of organizations. The four step entrepreneurial process in

Multistream entrepreneurship is as same as mainstream entrepreneurship, but the focus of

that process is different because of their differing views on the importance of materialism

and individualism.

Multistream Entrepreneurs look at needs that can enhance the multiple forms of

well-being (e.g. Financial, social, ecological, and physical). Multistream entrepreneurs

offers products or services that meets or eliminates a need that people have.

Multistream Entrepreneurs are more likely to want to accomplish something that

may defy measurement but is significant and timeless. Multistream Entrepreneurs

recognize that they cannot make a venture happen on their own the support and

cooperation of other stakeholders is required. Similar life-path circumstances are also

evident when Multistream Entrepreneurs start-up an organization. For Multistream

Entrepreneurs the transition often results from recognizing and wanting to escape from

the materialist-individualist character of the status quo. When intrapreneurs ideas are

rejected it often leads them to be pushed out of the organization as their ideas are not

welcome. Finally people may experience positive pulls from family and friends or others

who are encouraging and offer support to build a new venture.

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 Multistream entrepreneurs critic the process of developing detailed plans for new

venture, they argue that planning may be irrelevant and constraining, limiting the

likelihood of ongoing experimentation as the organization grows. These critics point out

that the planning process focuses on Explicit knowledge these are information that can be

articulated or codified, such as that found in an organization’s operating procedures,

blueprints, mission statements and so on, while Tacit knowledge is difficult to codify or

articulate, and this very characteristic makes it a source of strategic advantage for

entrepreneurs. In Multistream approach the concept of the new venture, specifies the

unmet need in the overall context of customers and other organizations, and describe how

the new venture’s goods or services will meet that need. The management team

highlights the strengths and roles of team members and external stakeholders. In

operation plans it specify all the resources required, along with their expected financial,

social and environmental costs. Contingency plans are focus on financial, social and

ecological performance over time.

Multistream Entrepreneurs establish community support and get started. They are

more likely to recognize the importance of non-financial resources and especially the fact

that good relationships with stakeholders can reduce the need for financial resources.

Multistream entrepreneurs develop social networks to develop their credibility. They are

mindful how ton mobilized physical resources required for their new venture.

Multistream entrepreneurs are more sensitive to using resources responsibly, because

they are more likely to welcome input from key stakeholders, their venture should be

more sustainable over long term and enjoy wider support in the larger community.

13
2.3 The role of entrepreneurship to the economy

Given the current economic challenges facing many countries across the globe,

the concept of engendering greater entrepreneurial activity has become an important goal

for many national governments. The relevance of entrepreneurship to economic

development has been studied by many researchers (Conney, 2012). Entrepreneurs are

major contributors to economic growth, development, and prosperity. Entrepreneurs are

in charge for a large contribution to technological innovation in products and production

processes, driving economic alteration and global trade. Entrepreneurs creates new forms

of business organizations and employ new types of business methods. Entrepreneurs play

a central role in the modern economy because they are the major creators of firms.

Entrepreneurs are fundamental to economic stability because they set the economy in

action. Firms are responsible for practically all economic activity outside of government:

innovating, pricing, contracting, employing resources, labor, and capital goods, raising

financial capital, organizing production, and marketing goods and services (Spulber,

2008).

Governments across the world are increasingly recognizing the positive impact

that the creation of new businesses can have on employment levels, as well as the

competitive advantages that small firms can bring to the marketplace (Scase, 2000).

Moreover, while entrepreneurship provides benefits in terms of social and economic

growth, it also offers benefits in terms of individual fulfilment, with entrepreneurship

now breaking through the barriers of class, age, gender, sexual orientation, and race.

According to Naudé (2013), the role of entrepreneurship to the development of economy

leads to three novel realizations: First, it provides new perspectives to the grand ideas in

14
development economics. There at least three “grand” ideas; the first is that development

requires an organized transformation of what, how, and where production and

consumption takes place. The second idea is that development is a multi-dimensional

concept that requires more than just the eradication of income poverty and lastly, is the

idea that market failures are common and that the state has an important coordinating and

regulatory role to play in development. Second, the development outcomes are influenced

by the entrepreneurship positively as well as negatively; and third, entrepreneurship is in

turn significantly determined by the dynamics of development.

It is that entrepreneurship is a very relevant subject matter of study for

developments scholars, and development is a worthwhile subject of study for

entrepreneurship, management, and other studies. It is concluded that an improved

entrepreneurship could cause change not in a negative way but in a positive way if it is

just receiving proper attention from people who wanted a developing country.

2.4 The concept of technology

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, most

especially in industry. In the other definition it is machinery and equipment developed

from the application of scientific knowledge. The branch of knowledge dealing with

engineering or applied sciences. The explanation of this term was very important to have

a clear understanding about its nature and examining what the technology consists of

(Abdul et al, 2011). The past researches have viewed and discussed this term from

different perspective and this has influenced the research design and results, negotiations

around a transfer and government policies in general (Reddy and Zhoa, 1990). Among

15
these given definitions, technology has been given a lot more definitions by previous

literatures. According to Kumar et. al (1999) technology includes two important basic

components; First, the component that consist of items such as products, tooling,

equipment, blueprints, techniques, and processes which is physical component; and

second, the informational component which comprises of know-how in management,

marketing, production, quality control, reliability, skilled labor and functional field.

Technology is always connected with gaining certain result, resolving certain

problems, accomplishing certain tasks using particular skills, employing knowledge and

exploiting assets (Lan and Young, 1996). The concept of technology in developing the

product is associated with the knowledge or information of it use, application and the

process not only relate to the technology that embodies in the product (Lovell, 1998;

Bozeman, 2000). From previous studies, technology has really a great impact on business

world. Technology is regarded as the firm’s ‘intangible assets’ or ‘firm-specific’ which

forms the basis of a firm’s competitiveness and will generally release under special

condition (Dunning, 1981). Technology can entail information that isn’t easily

reproducible and transferable (Tihanyi and Roath, 2002). According to Nonaka (1994),

technology is seen as “tacit knowledge (Polanyi, 1967) or firm-specific, secrets or

knowledge known by one organization”. The intangible assets of the firm is never easily

transferred from one firm to another which is valuable technological knowledge because

the technological learning process is needed to understood and internalized the

transferred technology (Lin, 2003). Burgelman et al. (1996) refer technology as the

theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to create

products and services as well as their production and delivery systems.

16
 Technology is also represented in people, materials, cognitive and physical

processes, facilities, machines and tools (Lin, 2003). The recent meaning given by

Mascus (2003) has widened the concept of technology where technology is defined as

‘the information necessary to achieve a certain production outcome from a particular

means of combining or processing selected inputs which include production processes,

intra-firm organizational structures, management techniques, and means of finance,

marketing methods or any of its combination’. Beside from understanding the concept of

technology, it is also important to learn about the explanations of the various kinds of

technologies that integrate in the product, production processes and human capital of the

firm. The early system of describing the way of technology was developed by Mansfield

(1975) who used “embodied” and “disembodied” technology classification. The

classification was later further extended by Madeuf (1984) to include capital embodied,

human embodied and disembodied technology. Hall and Johnson (1970) suggest the use

of “product-embodied”, “process-embodied” and “person-embodied” technology

classification rather than the classification based on “general”, “system-specific”, and

“company specific” technology. General technology includes technical information

which is common to companies in the same activity while System specific technology

corresponds to knowledge and know-how develops for solving particular industrial

problems. Then, company specific technology covers the corporate skills and capabilities

from general activity and experience of each individual firm.

Another important thing that is connected to technology is the technology

transfer. It is the transfer of new technology from the originator to a secondary user,

especially from developed to less developed countries in an attempt to boost their

17
economies. Just like technology, technology transfer had been discussed and explained in

many different ways based on the disciplines and purposes of the studies (Bozeman,

2000). Gibson and Smilor (1991) view technology transfer is often a chaotic, disorderly

process involving groups and individuals who may hold different views about the value

and potential use of the technology. Baranson (1970) defines technology transfer as

transmission of know-how (knowledge) which enable the recipient enterprise to

manufacture a particular product or provide a specific service. As compared to the sale of

machinery and equipment, to enable the receiving enterprise to produce the product with

the desired level of quality standards and cost efficiency the transfer of technology

requires a prolong relationship between two enterprises over a period of time (Reddy and

Zhoa, 1990).

The process that involves does not only concern about the transmission of

knowledge but it is also relate to a learning process where technological knowledge is

continually accumulated into human resources that are engaged in production activities.

A successful technology transfer will eventually lead to a deeper and wider accumulation

of knowledge (Shiowattana, 1991). The technology transfer concept is not only concern

about the transfer of technological knowledge or information but also the technology

recipient’s capability to learn and absorb technology into the production function

(Maskus, 2003). Das (1987) argues that technology transfer can be of two types: 1)

production of new product (product or embodied technology transfer); and 2) more

efficient production of existing products (process or disembodied technology transfer).

Based from all the concepts and ideas above that was gathered from different literatures,

we can conclude that technology has broad, infinite meaning as long as one person has

18
their own perspective about it and it’s also dynamic. These two terms, technology and

technology transfer, had encountered several explanation, construction or illustration

from different people based on their different views and perspective. Though it had a lot

of definitions we don’t need to choose from those because we can use all of it in the right

time as well as in the right situation. In overall, technology is important not just because

it improves and develop the speed of transmission of knowledge but because it also

increase the learning process of everyone.

2.5 The emergence of technology in global scale

Technology is a driving factor in the process of globalization. Improvements in

the early 1990’s in computer hardware, software, and telecommunications greatly

increased people’s ability to access information and economic potential. While

advancements in Internet-based tools over the past five to ten years, such as social

networking websites, twitter, and other websites and applications are changing the way

people use and share information for personal, political, and commercial purposes. These

developments have facilitated efficiency gains in all sectors of the economy. T

Technology drives the innovative use of resources to promote new products and

ideas across nations and cultures, regardless of geographic location. Creating efficient

and effective channels to exchange information and knowledge, technology has been the

tool for global integration. Products based upon, or enhanced by, technology are used in

nearly every aspect of contemporary life and industrial societies. The spread of

technology and its applications has been extraordinarily rapid. Twenty years ago, large

and bulky mobile telephones were carried only by a small number of users. In some

developing countries, mobile phones are used by more people than the fixed line

19
telephone network. But perhaps most dramatically, just fifteen years ago, only scientists

were using (or had even heard about) the Internet the World Wide Web was not up and

running, and the browsers that help users navigate the Web had not even been invented

yet.

Today, of course, the Internet and the Web have transformed commerce, creating

entirely new ways for retailers and their customers to make transactions, for businesses to

manage the flow of production inputs and market products, and for job seekers and job

recruiters to find one another. Globalization accelerates the change of technology. Every

day it seems that a new technological innovation is being created. The pace of change

occurs so rapidly many people are always playing catch up, trying to purchase or update

their new devices. Technology is now the forefront of the modern world creating new

jobs, innovations, and networking sites to allow individuals to connect globally.

20
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design

This study is a qualitative research that utilized a case study method to have an in

depth evaluation on the impact of technological integration to community

entrepreneurship in Las Piñas City.

The responses of the community-entrepreneurs are considered as variables in

determining the effects of technology to the entrepreneurial process, specifically the

response of the community entrepreneurs in the emergence of modern technologies.

3.2 Locale of the study

This study was conducted in Barangay Talon Tres in Las Piñas City.

3.3 Sampling technique

This study used purposive sampling, where in the respondents are selected with

inclusions and exclusions.

3.4 Samples or respondents of the study

This study has eleven (11) respondents or community entrepreneurs that was

selected purposively.

21
3.5 Data gathering instrument

This study conducted a structured interview to interact with the respondents and

obtain the specific data needed in the research.

The answers or the responses of the community entrepreneurs on the interview

depend on their own perspectives, point of view or subjective ideas.

3.6 Data gathering procedure

Formal letters are given to the respondents before the day of the scheduled

interview. The interview sessions are conducted for one hour for each respondent.

3.7 Data analysis

The information collected are summarized, evaluated and descriptively analyzed.

22
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The gathered data from the community-entrepreneurs are utilized for the

production of the reports regarding the impact of technological integration to community

entrepreneurship. This chapter concentrates with the main focus of the studies: (a) the

technologies used by the community entrepreneurs, (b) the response of the community-

entrepreneurs to technological integration and (c) the impact of technological integration

to the community entrepreneurial process.

4.1 The technologies utilized by the community entrepreneurs

Technology is one of the central and most significant elements related to effective

operations management in a business firm (Molinero, 2012). From the analysis of data

gathered from the interviews it can be seen that community-entrepreneurs utilized

technology to operate their respective firms. It is an important aide that helps the firm in

various ways. From the results of data analysis technologies used by community

entrepreneurs are classified by its usage namely: (a) communication, (b) customer

convenience, (c) cleaning equipment, (d) surveillance systems, (e) aides for production,

(f) inventory control and (g) marketing.

Communication

 Mobile phones/Smart phones

 Computer systems

 Internet access/Wireless fidelity connection

 Landline phones

23
 The technologies above serve as the aide of community-entrepreneurs in

communication. These technologies have become business necessities for owners and

employees. These devices help the entrepreneurs to respond to their customer

accordingly. Smart phones integrated the business firms together with the access to the

internet, email and business applications in a hand held device, it makes communication

easier. E-mail, text messaging and social networking are other advances in

communication that keep community-entrepreneurs connected to their targeted customers

and improve inside communication within their business firms. The computer systems

can be in desktop or in laptop model which serves as aide for sending e-mails and loaded

with office soft wares is the most useful for most of the community-entrepreneurs.

Today, with the arrival of information technology, information is shared at an amazing

speed. This saves time, offering the ability to make decisions faster.

E1: “The technologies used in my business firm? First of all is my laptop, it is very

important to have a laptop in my business some say it is alright to have just a mobile

phone but it is easier to e-mail and post product with a laptop. I also have my mobile

phone to communicate with my customers.”

E2: “The important technologies for us would be the mobile phones we are small

scale business we do not held a major operation here but it is important to stay in

touched with our clients.”

E7: “In communication we use laptops, desktops and mobile phones.”

E9: “While delivering trucks and cellular services help in delivering goods and

reaching out our consumer base.”

24
Customer convenience

 Air conditioning systems

 Television

 Internet access/Wireless fidelity connection

Technology brings businesses closer to customers by bringing them convenience in

purchasing a product or a service. Some small businesses that utilized services as their

product used air conditioning systems to relax their customers or clients. In case of large

numbers of customers, small business owners set a television system to entertain the

customers while they are waiting. Technology keeps employees in effective customer

convenience.

E10: “While waiting we make sure that our customers will be relaxed by giving them

conditioned temperature and entertainment by out television sets and internet

access.”

E11: “We in this firm we give extra service for our customers such as massage,

internet access and television.

Cleaning equipment

 Sterilization tools

Technologies are also used by the community-entrepreneurs to ensure the cleanliness

of the tools, equipments and the workplace that is important for customer service. This

will give impression to the customers to keep purchasing the products and services

offered by the firm.

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 E2: “In our profession sterilization instruments are very important, sterilization

technique is very important because if our tools are not sterilized well we can easily

spread infections to our clients.”

E9: “This water station uses a fine filtration, carbon-reverse osmosis and ozone

sterilization.”

Surveillance System

 Close Circuit Television System

A Closed Circuit Television System is a security system formed from one or more

CCTV cameras which send or broadcast their own signals to one or more locations.

These video pictures from the camera can be viewed in real time or recorded. This means

that an entrepreneur will get a choice to look at all of these live and even at a later time.

Surveillance systems are quite expensive but it will provide a real time security for the

firm. With CCTV systems community-entrepreneurs can track the activities in their firm

even they are in different locations. They can monitor their employees and their

customers.

E1: “In my business we can have technologies such as surveillance systems to

monitor the activities even I am not around.”

E8: “Our products are purchased for installations and we have technologies. We used

internets and CCTV.”

Aides for production

 Printers

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  Printing Equipments

 Computer Soft wares

Small businesses need to manage the productivity out of their actions and technology

tools help staffs get everyday jobs done more quickly. This may range from printing out

materials to providing customer service through email or online. Serve customers with

the use of printers, printing equipments and computer soft wares. The crucial is to keep

entrepreneurs focused when using technology and to use it accordingly with the goal of

saving time. Community-entrepreneurs need to provide the right hardware and updated

software to keep all activities working at highest proficiency.

E3: “We used technologies for our products.”

E7: “Technologies are used for printing our t-shirt designs. It is used to create our

products, it is use for layouts and editing. For that activities we need computer soft

wares such as photoshop and correl paintshop.”

E9: “The technologies are important in building our business because it is a

fundamental part in producing clean and safe drinking water.”

Inventory control

 Point of sales machine/Point of purchase machine

The point of sales or point of purchase machines are devices designates the time and

place where a retail transaction was finished. Community-entrepreneurs explore an

inventory control system. These systems keep track of every item in the inventory,

ensuring the firm will not run out of stock, nor order too much. When new inventory

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arrives, the system is updated to reflect the additions and when it is sold, it is deducted

from the totals.

E1: “In our stores we used POS machines Point of Sales in traditional stores it is the

cash registers, or the bar code scanners. All the stuffs in the inventory is in the POS. It

is easier to manage especially it have shelves.”

Marketing

 Websites

 Computer systems

 Print advertisements

 Social networking sites

Computers are often linked to form a network. Technology has freed small businesses

from the restrictions of prints advertisements when it comes to reaching new and existing

customers. Internet marketing ranges from a simple informational website, to advertising

on search engines, to online product sales. It is an effective and low cost method to reach

a large group of people with a bulletin or business updates. Mobile marketing is a

relatively new boundary that reaches people through text messaging, advertising on

mobile applications and offering branded applications that draw customers into what is

happening with the business in a better way.

E1: “We make use of online marketing to easily create hype to the customers.”

E3: “We are using facebook in marketing.”

E4: “Sure we are earning more in our online market.”

E8: “We use advertising websites to market our products.”

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 E9: “For marketing word of the mouth is prevalent way to attract customers, but this

is aided by distribution of flyers.

4.2 Response of community entrepreneurs to technological integration

Technology and entrepreneurship is a vehicle that facilitates prosperity in

individuals, firms, regions, and nations. The study of technology entrepreneurship

therefore, serves an important function beyond satisfying intellectual curiosity (Bailetti,

2012). Based on the data gathered from the interviews community-entrepreneurs respond

to technological integration.

With technologies community-entrepreneurs creates opportunities to market their

product to larger market and increase their sales volume. Technology has impacted the

field of marketing significantly, along with practically every other discipline in business.

In marketing, the impacts of technology are varied. Community-entrepreneurs are tasked

with managing more marketing options, and consumers are more integrated with

marketing information. From the organizational perspective, technology has impacted the

ability to collect and organize marketing data and using the channels the organization can

use to reach consumers. The entrepreneurs innovates the process of developing different

types and arrangements of advertising assets to help them obtain their market purposes.

Community-entrepreneurs have more data, more marketing arrangements, and more

online places to communicate with consumers.

Introducing more technology into a business firm means more efficiency, greater

productivity, and decrease in manual woks. Using technology saves time and energy, the

firm can focus more fixedly on providing customers with quality of experience or getting

more productive work done to finish projects, save money, and eventually increase sales.

29
 E1: “Technology will help you to know different customers from different market

areas and places. Through social networking sites people will know you and your

products. So they will approach you.”

E7: “We can infer that there is increase in sales, with the use of online sites we

are connected with large number of customers. We advertise using Facebook, e-

mail, g-mail, and we have online selling sites such as OLX.

Based on the gathered data the entrepreneurs sell products based on the latest

trends in their industry. Trend analysis helps the entrepreneurs to understand how the

business firm has achieved and forecast where current business operations and practices

will it take. Entrepreneurs analyze trends with the aides of technologies. If it is done well

it gives ideas about how it might change things to move the business in the right

direction. Trends are extremely reliable source of changes. These give early warnings

about what is correct and what is wrong within the business. It helps in creating a reliable

system for discovering sources of changes.

E1: “Regarding to the strategies we need to keep ourselves in the latest trends, we

need to be updated to know the needs and demands of our customers. To search

about those latest trends we make used of different websites, we use google,

yahoo, Facebook.”

E8: “Though technologies we used to identify the needs and demands of our

targeted customers. We make used of feasibility studies to know the capacity of

our company to pursue the demands and the trends of the customers”

30
 The community-entrepreneurs use technologies in the management of inventories.

They used inventory control system which is called point of sales or point of purchase

instruments. It is a system that includes all aspects of managing firm’s inventories.

Computerized systems have emerged as a key component of business techniques

intended to increase productivity and maintain competitiveness. Moreover, the recent

development of powerful computer programs capable of addressing a wide variety of

record keeping needs contributes to the community-entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs utilized

those machines to organize their inventories easily.

E1: “Being the owner of the company POS can easily track inventories in just one

push of the button you can see all the stocks that you need to re-order and the

stocks that is out in the market.”

Managing finances is one of the key functions in a business firm, greatly

influencing its success or failure. Technological integration helps in financial

management. Technologies are used by the entrepreneurs to decide on structure and

allocation of the funds, to make investment decisions and to analyze, predict, plan and

manage all business activities while maintaining financial stability of the company.

Community entrepreneurs make used of bank accounts and online transactions to manage

their finances easily.

E7: “Yes, technologies help us in financing. We have bank accounts and because

of technology it is easier for us to monitor our money.”

E8: “Technology helps us to boost up our financing because it is now fast to

deposit and withdraw money.”

31
 Because of the expanding advantages of having advance equipments to the firm,

the community-entrepreneurs used technologies as an aide for security. They utilized

CCTV systems to monitor their firms even without them.

E8: “Security is a basic necessity for business firms today it is used to monitor the

activities in the firm without the owner.”

The higher productivity in the business firms allow the community-entrepreneurs

to create more products. In order to sell all the products entrepreneurs used to give

promos and discounts to the customer that markets the firm into a larger market.

E4: “When we get many products because of our production we use to give

promos to our desired customers to introduce our firm to them.”

4.3 The effect of technological integration to community-entrepreneurial process

Base on the data analysis the emergence of new and modern technologies affects

the perspective of individuals about business. The community-entrepreneurial process is

affected through these changes in technologies. The community-entrepreneurial process

based on Dyck and Neubert (2009) is divided into four parts: (a) opportunity

identification, (b) entrepreneurial initiative, (c) development of a plan and (d)

mobilization of resources.

Opportunity identification

The community-entrepreneurs through the use of technologies identify

entrepreneurial opportunities easily. They used the technologies to study the demands,

32
trends and market behavior of the customers that are willing to purchase their respective

products. Websites such as google and Facebook keep the entrepreneurs in touch with the

community’s demands. As the speed of technological integration increases there will be

an ever increasing number of opportunities that open up. The internet has been the most

notable technologies that helps firms in their businesses.

Other community-entrepreneurs conduct a feasibility study to further increase

their knowledge bases about the market. Over time populations and people change. The

way the people view life changes, where they take their meaning from, and how they feel

about things also is modified over time and smart entrepreneurs pay attention to this in

order to capitalize and avoid being forgotten. The market place is the number one area to

look for opportunities. A good entrepreneur should be constantly studying the market.

Products and strategy innovation was utilized by community-entrepreneurs to keep up

with the growing demands of the customers.

E1: “Sometimes supplier offers discounts when you buy whole sale, so why are

you purchasing the product if that product is slow moving. Because of

technologies as a manager I can identify which product sells fast and which sells

slow. After identifying that let us proceed to our decision.”

E9: “Product and strategy innovation is vital to keep up with the demands of the

growing needs of our customers.” Searching newest trends and instructional

videos on youtube and google helps us in understanding which products/areas in

the business needs to be fine or upgraded.”

Entrepreneurial initiative

33
 Technology has made it possible for small, entrepreneur-led businesses to turn

ideas into reality. The ability to turn ideas into new products and services that people

need is the source of prosperity for the community. Entrepreneurial initiatives are driven

by new technologies and the creative applications. Through technologies entrepreneurs

are not afraid to create innovative products and solutions require an educated population

and an environment where collaborative work can take place. In addition to being good

for business, education increases workforce creativity and quality of life.

E1: “You will pursue the opportunity you identify, you can demand the suppliers

bigger discounts.”

Development of a plan

In developing a plan community-entrepreneurs has an ease in transactions and

communication with other members of the firm and other stake holders. Planning

methods can help community-entrepreneurs to clarify the purpose and direction of the

business it allows the entrepreneurs to understand what needs to be done for forward

movement. Clarifying can be helped by showing business presentations using an office

software. Through good planning it can outline the future and predict the future growth of

the market.

E8: “This is a corporation and me and the co-owners of this firm are meeting

yearly. We yearly plan to know the target sales, the monitoring of supplies and the target

customer. We make used of an office software.

Mobilization of resources

Online business productivity software solutions enable the community to more

easily track progress during every phase of goal completion and offer immediate

34
reinforcement or coaching to keep performance and deadlines on track. This process

leads to greater business productivity because the firm is staffed with people who are

continually learning new skills and being challenged to do their very best. Technologies

also used to manage the inventories and resources of the company it is an important part

that every company need to have.

E8: “We mobilize resources though monitoring the inventories of the products.”

35
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study is a qualitative research that utilized a case study method to have an in

depth evaluation on the impact of technological integration to community

entrepreneurship in Las Piñas City. The responses of the community-entrepreneurs are

considered as variables in determining the effects of technology to the entrepreneurial

process, specifically the response of the community entrepreneurs in the emergence of

modern technologies. This study was conducted in Barangay Talon Tres in Las Piñas

City from March to February 2017. Thirty community-entrepreneurs are purposively

selected and interviewed.

This study utilized the data gathered from the community-entrepreneurs to

determine the technologies used by them and their response to the emergence of

technologies. This study also evaluates the effects of technological integration to the

community-entrepreneurial process. The technologies used by community entrepreneurs

are classified by its usage namely: (a) communication, (b) customer convenience, (c)

cleaning equipment, (d) surveillance systems, (e) aides for production, (f) inventory

control and (g) marketing.

With technologies community-entrepreneurs creates opportunities to market their

product to larger market and increase their sales volume. Entrepreneurs sell products

based on the latest trends in their industry. Trend analysis helps the entrepreneurs to

understand how the business firm has performed and predict where current business

operations and practices will it take. Entrepreneurs analyze trends with the aides of

36
technologies. The community-entrepreneurs use technologies in the management of

inventories. They used inventory control system which is called point of sales or point of

purchase instruments. Because of the expanding advantages of having advance

equipments to the firm, the community-entrepreneurs used technologies as an aide for

security.

The community-entrepreneurs through the use of technologies identify

entrepreneurial opportunities easily. They used the technologies to study the demands,

trends and market behavior of the customers that are willing to purchase their respective

products. Through technologies entrepreneurs are not afraid to create innovative products

and solutions require an educated population and an environment where collaborative

work can take place. In addition to being good for business, education increases

workforce creativity and quality of life. Planning methods can help community-

entrepreneurs to clarify the purpose and direction of the business it allows the

entrepreneurs to understand what needs to be done for forward movement. Online

business productivity software solutions enable the community to more easily track

progress during every phase of goal completion and offer immediate reinforcement or

coaching to keep performance and deadlines on track.

Conclusions

Community business firms use different form of technology for their business

which has a basic and critical effect on the nature, design, structure and work of the firm.

In a small business firm departments and division are developed around the equipments

used whether it is for communication, customer convenience, cleaning equipment,

surveillance systems, and aides for production, inventory control and marketing. The

37
scope of technology that an organization can adopt or employ is vast, ranging from

something seeming simple, such as buying a personal computer with a word processor, to

investing in the latest state-of-the-art computer-aided manufacturing machinery.

Community-entrepreneurs are tasked with managing more marketing options than

ever before, and consumers are more integrated with marketing information than they

have been in the past. With the use of technology firms can expand the market of their

products. From the organizational perspective, technology has impacted the ability to

collect and organize marketing data, the channels the organization can use to reach

consumers. Entrepreneurs analyze trends with the aides of technologies. If it is done well

it gives ideas about how it might change things to move the business in the right

direction. Trends are extremely reliable source of changes. Computerized systems have

emerged as a key component of business techniques intended to increase productivity and

maintain competitiveness.

Through technologies entrepreneurs are not afraid to create innovative products

and solutions require an educated population and an environment where collaborative

work can take place. In addition to being good for business, education increases

workforce creativity and quality of life. Planning methods can help community-

entrepreneurs to clarify the purpose and direction of the business it allows the

entrepreneurs to understand what needs to be done for forward movement. Online

business productivity software solutions enable the community to more easily track

progress during every phase of goal completion and offer immediate reinforcement or

coaching to keep performance and deadlines on track.

38
Recommendations

Based on the information gathered from the respondents this study reccomends

the following:

1. This study recommend to have further researches about the impact of

technology integration to community-entrepreneurship. The study suggest to have

a larger scale of respondents in different baranggays and cities and utilized

different research design. This is to strenghten the knowldge about the topic.

2. This study suggest to study further about the entrepreneurial process. For more

reliability of knowledge bases used a different reference that can expand the

knowledge about the data.

3. Unemployed community members should utilized the emergence of modern

technologies to build their own firms. It is important to have a job.

4. Community-entrepreneurs should improve their technologies and business

concepts in order to expand the firm.

5. We suggest that baranggay officials will conduct a seminar for students about

the importance of entrepreneurship and technology.

39
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