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JOURNAL READING

ACUTE DIAGONAL-INDUCED ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL


INFARCTION AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM-GUIDANCE
IN THE ERA OF PRIMARY CORONARY INTERVENTION:
NEW INSIGHTS INTO AN OLD TOOL

Presented by: Sakta Suryaguna

Supervisor: dr. I G N Putra Gunadhi, Sp.JP (K)

ACUTE CARDIAC CARE DIVISION - DEPARTMENT OF CARDIOLOGY AND VASCULAR MEDICINE


FACULTY OF MEDICINE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
2019
OUTLINE
Latar Belakang

Metode

Hasil

Diskusi

Simpulan
LATAR BELAKANG

Dari spektrum pasien STEMI tidak jarang culprit lesi berada di cabang diagonal

Penanganan pd lesi diagonal sama  tatalaksana reperfusi

EKG masih merupakan modalitas utama dalam diagnosis & perkiraan lesi culprit

Kendala : Kondisi CAD multivesel (30-60%)  resiko intervensi bukan pd lesi culprit

Studi ini : analisis restrospektif EKG pasien STEMI dgn culprit di cabang diagonal

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
ANATOMI CABANG DIAGONAL

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
OUTLINE
Latar Belakang

Metode

Hasil

Diskusi

Simpulan
METODE : PASIEN

42 pasien, Januari 2010 – April 2016


di Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Israel

Pasien STEMI + Lesi culprit cabang diagonal


(AHA segmen 9)

Primary PCI dilakukan dalam 90 menit

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : PASIEN

Analisis EKG dibandingkan dgn grup kontrol

#1 : 44 pasien STEMI, culprit prox-LAD


(AHA segmen 6)

#2 : 37 pasien STEMI, culprit mid-LAD


(AHA segmen 7)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : EKG

Pasien hemodinamik tdk stabil, Q Patologis pre-admission, LVH,


CLBBB/CRBBB, Pacing, ST-T change pre-admission  eksklusi

EKG 12-lead direkam saat kontak pertama, <9 jam


dari onset

Analisis oleh 2 kardiolog, menggunakan kriteria EKG


standar, segmen ST : J point, 1, 2, 3 mm dari J Point

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : ANGIOGRAFI

2 interventionis : integrasi EKG, klinis & angiografi


 identifikasi lesi culprit, TIMI flow & SNuH score

SNuH score : Estimasi area miokard at risk


pada culprit cabang diagonal

Lesi signifikan secara hemodinamik


bila stenosis >65%

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : ANGIOGRAFI

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : ANGIOGRAFI

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
METODE : EKOKARDIOGRAFI

Semua pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan


ekokardiografi full study

Analisis oleh 2 ahli dgn blinding thdp EKG

Pengukuran grade RWMA  lokasi & luas infark,


komplikasi mekanik

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
ANALISIS DATA

• Rerata, SD
Statistik Deskriptif • Median, Persentil, Rentang

Distribusi data : • Tes parametrik


Kolmogorov–Smirnov • Tes Non-parametrik

Uji beda : Diagonal, • Kruskal–Wallis


mid-LAD, prox-LAD • ANOVA

Beda parameter • Pearson chi square


kategori lain • Fisher exact test

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
OUTLINE
Latar Belakang

Metode

Hasil

Diskusi

Simpulan
HASIL PENELITIAN

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN

Lesi diagonal lebih banyak di osteal & proksimal

TIMI flow 0 sering dijumpai pada culprit mid-LAD

SNuH score 3 lebih banyak pada culprit diagonal

Culprit mid-LAD / prox-LAD  diam DI < 2,5 mm

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKG

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKG

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKG

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKG

Segmen ST upsloping + T relatif tinggi  de Winter

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : ST ELEVASI

ST elevasi lead I : Segmen 9 (60%), segmen 6 (29%), segmen 7 (21,6%)

ST elevasi J+1 mm : Segmen 9 (64%), segmen 6 (29%), segmen 7 (19%)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : ST ELEVASI

ST elevasi aVL : Segmen 9 (66,7%), segmen 6 (47%), segmen 7 (16%)

ST elevasi J+1 : Segmen 9 (85,7%), segmen 6 (58%), segmen 7 (49%)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : ST ELEVASI

P < 0,05

Precordial : Insiden STE J+1 pd culprit diagonal tertinggi di V2 (86%)

V1, V3-6 : Prevalensi STE culprit segmen 9 (29-45%), 6 dan 7 (36-96%)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKG

Evaluasi STE di 4 titik  lokasi paling diskriminatif pada J+1 mm

Penggunaan 4th Universal Definition MI lebih sensitif  30% miss

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : ST DEPRESI

P < 0,01

Seg 9 : STD J+1 lead III, aVF, V3, V4  76.2%, 71.4%, 19% dan 26.2%

Seg 6 : STD J+1 lead III, aVF, V3, V4  51%, 49%, 2% dan 9%

Seg 7 : STD J+1 lead III, aVF, V3, V4  27%, 24%, 3% dan 3%,

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : T INVERSI

P < 0,05

Insiden T inversi lead III : segmen 9 (51%), 6 (26%), 7 (25%)

Insiden T inversi lead I : segmen 9 (16%), 6 (2%), 7 (19%)

Insiden aksis normal : segmen 9 (91%), 6 (79%), 7 (83.3%)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : EKOKARDIOGRAFI

Segmen paling sering terlibat : apical-lateral (66%), apical-anterior (60%),


apical-inferolateral (50%), apical antero-septal (44%), mid-lateral (44%)

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : SNUH SCORE & TIMI FLOW

P < 0,05

SNuH score 3: STE lead I (85,7%), aVL (85,7%) vs score 2: STE lead I (81%), aVL (72,6%)

TIMI flow ≤ 2 : STE lead I (75%), aVL (75%) vs flow 3: STE lead I (95,5%), aVL (86,4%)

Lesi mid-diagonal : STE 100% vs Lesi osteal/prox-diagonal : 70-80%


Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
HASIL PENELITIAN : PREVALENSI MULTIVESSEL

Prevalensi Multi-vessel Prevalensi Single-vessel Non-Culprit PCI pada MVD

50% 80% 90%


49%
45% 73% 80% 83%
70%
40% 67%
70%
60%
35%
51% 60%
33% 50%
30%
50%
25% 27% 40%
40%
20% 30%
30%
15%
20%
10% 20%
17% 17%
5% 10% 10%

0% 0% 0%
Diagonal Prox-LAD Mid-LAD Diagonal Prox-LAD Mid-LAD Diagonal Prox-LAD Mid-LAD

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
OUTLINE
Latar Belakang

Metode

Hasil

Diskusi

Simpulan
DISKUSI

Studi pertama yg mengevaluasi EKG & Echo pasien STEMI culprit diagonal di era pPCI

Derajat & Timing STE  diagnosis & penentu lesi culprit + estimasi miokard at risk

High degree AV Block pd STEMI Anterior (1%)  oklusi prox-LAD sebelum diagonal

MVD, TIMI flow, variasi cabang diagonal  mempengaruhi kelirunya judgement klinis

Lesi culprit cabang diagonal yg terabaikan  menyebabkan unexplained LV aneurysm

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
Penggunaan J-Point untuk evaluasi segmen ST

 Penentuan J point kadang cukup sulit


 Beberapa rekomendasi menggunakan
interval 40 – 80 ms setelah J point

 Cara ini dipandang mampu mengatasi


kondisi ambigunya J point dalam
evaluasi segmen ST

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
Kriteria EKG iskemia : 4th universal definition MI

 Studi ini : evaluasi ST pd 4 titik


 Evaluasi pada J point + 1 mm
untuk evaluasi deviasi ST
paling sensitif & prediktif

 STE tanpa memandang derajat


tetap prediktif STEMI, selama
sesuai dgn presentasi klinis

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
Perbandingan studi sebelumnya

Sclarovsky et al
• Pertama mendeskripsikan pola EKG pd oklusi diagonal : ST Elevasi aVL & V2
• Studi saat ini, STEMI culprit diagonal : ST Elevasi aVL & I, ST Depresi III, V3 & V4

Iwasaki et al
• Prediksi oklusi diagonal dgn EKG  Left ventriculography pre-discharge : late
presentation, tanpa MVD, total oklusi diagonal, penentuan RWMA lambat
• Dipandang lebih sesuai untuk pasien rencana CA, bukan primary PCI
Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
DISKUSI

STEMI anterior + STE aVL  oklusi prox-LAD sebelum cabang diagonal

TIMI flow 3 dan SNuH score 3 lebih banyak ditemukan pada lesi diagonal

Lead II, III, aVF digunakan untuk melihat tanda reciprocal dari ST elevasi lateral

STD inferior  oklusi prox-LAD : STE inf  oklusi mid-LAD atau wrap-around LAD

STE aVL dgn sensitifitas rendah  wrap-around LAD, slow flow atau SNuH rendah

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
DISKUSI

Insiden PCI pd non-culprit bila MVD lebih tinggi pd STEMi culprit diagonal (83,3%)

Kebanyakan melakukan intervensi pd lesi borderline

Tidak familiar dgn pola EKG culprit diagonal  keliru melakukan PCI multivessel

PCI pd lesi non-signifikan LAD akibat tdk evaluasi diagonal  resiko komplikasi

Abu Fanne, Rami, et al. "Acute diagonal-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction and electrocardiogram-guidance in the era of primary coronary intervention: New insights into an old tool.“
European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care (2019): 2048872619828291.
OUTLINE
Latar Belakang

Metode

Hasil

Diskusi

Simpulan
SIMPULAN

 Lokasi terbaik evaluasi ST Elevasi : 1 mm dari J Point


 Kriteria ST Elevasi 4th Universal Definition Myocardial Infarction
beresiko melewatkan lesi culprit diagonal sekitar 30%
 EKG tipikal pd STEMI dgn culprit diagonal :
ST Elevasi I, aVL, V2 & ST Depresi II, III, aVF
 ST Elevasi V1, V3-6 cenderung dgn culprit prox-LAD
 RWMA pd STEMI culprit diagonal  segmen anterolateral
TERIMAKASIH

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