VI. THIET KE CAC HE THONG 1. Hé thong nhién ligu Die diém: Céc HTDL khiée nhau 6 sit dung céc loai nhign ligu khéc nhau: xing, dau hoa, ddu diesel nhe (gas oil), diu diesel hoe DO (diesel oil), déu FO hose mantt hoge diu ning (bunker fuel oil), diu mazut ndi hoi, nhién ligu tuabin khi, gas, LPG, nhién ligu hon hgp (mixed fuels), da nhién ligu. Yéu cau chung: HTDO nhién ligu phi phi hop wii dic tinh cia cdc d6ng co, ndi hoi va thiét bi duge ding cho tau ay; ‘Théa man cdc quy dinh vé ky thugt an toan va phong ngtra 6 nhiém bién; Dat higu qua kinh té, vcc. Nguyén Ii hoat dong: Bom do ddng co dign lai hat diu tir dudng éng chung ndi hai két dy trit qua phin loc day len két dau dt true nhat, Dau tir két déu dét tryc nhat qua van dong nhanh cap dau dot cho may chinh, diesel lai may dign dé may hoat dong. Dau thita tir bom cao Ap dan ve két wu can duge dan dén két dau bin va dau true nhgt. Két dau trye nhat 6 van xa diu can, duge bom tay bom ra ngoai. Céc thiét bi trong hé théng nhién ligu: 5 Keét dau dét dur trir - Ket dau dét true nhat - Bom van chuyén du dét - Két dau ban - Cac loai van, phin loc. duémg éng d. Tinh todn hé thing: - Két dau dét du trir: V,= de ky(Z,N£.T+Z,.Noy Sel y)Va Trong dé Ne~céng sudt dinh mie may chinh (kW) Ne = 418kW ge — sudt tiéu hao nhién ligu may chinh (kg/kW.h) ge = 0.207 kwkWah Ze~s6 lugng may chinh Nep — cng suat dinh mize may phy (kW) Ne = 75kW Sep — sudt tiéu hao nhién ligu may phy (kg/kW.h) &p = 0.24 kg/kWh Zp — 86 rong may phy B= 1 K; ~hé sé séng gid k= 15 18ko —hé sé dung tich két ko = 1S ks —hé s6 dy writ kb = 1.08 ‘T— thd gian hanh trinh tau (hy T = 24h To — Thoi gian may phat hoat dong khi tau dau bén (h) To = 4h ‘Tp —tdng théi gian phat dong may (h) T = 28h ‘ya— khdi Luong riéng cia nhién ligu ddu nhe (kg/m) ye = 850 kg/m? Dung tich két dau dy tri: Va = 429 Vay bé tri trén tau 2 két dau, mdi két V = 2.1 m> - Dung tich két dau d6t true nhat: Ving = (Ze-Ne-So+Zp-Nep Sep) Va Kat Trong 46: Ne —céng suat dinh mite may chinh (kW) Ne = 418kW ge —suat tiéu hao nhién ligu may chinh (ke/kW.h) eB = 0.207 ky/kW.h Z.—s6 lugng may chinh z= 1 ‘Nep — cOng suat djnh mire may chinh (kW) Ne = 75kW Sep ~ sudt tiéu hao nhién ligu may phy (kg/kW.h) Be = 0.24 kg/kW.h Zp ~ sé lugng may phuhoo= 1 ‘ya— khdi luong riéng cia nhién ligu dau nhe (kg/m) ye = 850 kg/m? ky ~ h@ s6 dung tich két ko = 105 t— chu ky bom dau vao két (h) t = 4h Dung tich két dau tryc nhét: Ving = 0.52 m3 Bo tri trén tau két dau tre mht 1 m? Bom vat chuyén dau & Céng thie tinh hu hrgng bom: Trong 46: Vang ~ dung tich két trye nhgt ti —thdi gian bom day dau vao két tre nhat (h) t= 0.2-04h Chon & == 02h Lum lugng bom: Q =26 mh ‘Vay trén tau bd tri 2 bom van chuyén dau dét Q = 2.6 mv/h - Tinh chon ding kinh vi chiéu dav éng: Dudng kinh dng dau dét theo cng thite: _ BA a _ a= fit ea PRTSx3600 70-025™ =25 mmKét dau ban: Lugng dau tiéu thy trong 1 ngay dém: 24x(CON, _ 24x (418x 0.207 + 750.24) aso = 2.95m* Trong dé: Ne — céng suat dinh mirc may chinh (kW) Ne = 418 kW e — suat tiéu hao nhién ligu may chinh(kg/kW.h) & = 0.207 kg/kW.h Nep ~ cng suat dinh mire may chinh (kW) Ne = 75 kW ep ~ suat tiéu hao nhién ligu may chinh(kg/kW.h) Bp = 0.24 kg/kWh ‘yo khéi lugng riéng ciia nhién ligu dau nhe(kg/m*) ye = 850. kg/m? ‘Dung tich két diu ban: 0,005 x 2.95 x28 3 yO = 0.01 7 Ves 24 24 ks ~ He s6 déi voi dau diesel ks = 0.005 Dung tich két chia dau rd ri trong budng may: v= fo x20x7, x10-§ =0.00065m? Téng dung tich két dau ban: Vag = Voy +V,, = 0.017 +-0.00065 = 0.018m° a2. Hé thing dau nhon a, Nhigm vy, chite nang: Pam bao béi tron gidm ma sat hay duy tri ma sat wét déi wi tét ca cde chi tiét chuyén d6ng tuong déi voi nhau. - Lam mat, gidm nhigt 49 do ma sat ctla tt ca cde chi tiét khi chuyén déng tuong d6i voi nhau. = Rita sach tit ca ede tap ban trén cde bé mat ma sat khi chuyén dng, giam tdi tl mite dO mai mon. - Bao kin b& mat cin béi tron, bio quan cdc bE mét nay khdi tac dGng ca mdi trong. - H@ thng béi tron ¢6 chite ning cung edp day di dau bdi tron véi théng sé theo ké yéu cdu dén tat ca cde vj tri can béi tron da duge Iya chon b. Nguyén If hoat dng: Khi may chinh chua hoat dng, may bom cung eéip hit diu béi tron tir két dau nhem ‘ron cée thiét bi truyén dng cua may chinh va may phy. Khi may chinh dy tri, day Ién boi da khéi déng, thi bom dau béi tron tuan hoan trén may sé hogt déng. Trong trudng hop bom tuin hoan bi hong ho’ic khdng dam bao 4p Iye cia hé théng, ta sir dyng bom cung cap lam nhiém vy tudn hoan dau nhén trong may chinh. Diu nim tir két diu boi tron dy trit sé duge bé sung cho may chinh théng qua bom cung cp may chinh va bé sung cho cde may phat bing cach chay dp lye tryc tiép. Két dau nhon c6 cae thiét bi bao mire diu la cdc éng thiy duge ché tao theo ban vé dinh hinh thong dung va déu c6 éng théng hoi c6 lusi phong hoa. Dau ra ri & két dau nhon tuan hoan may chinh va cae may khée sé duge dua vao thiet bi phan ly. Dau sgch tir may phan ly nho bom day diu vio ket dau béi tron dy tré, ?han dau bin khéng ding duge sé chuyén vao két dau ban. c. Tinh todn hé thing: - Két div béi tron dy tra: Vi =(ZNeSm + ZpNopSmp KL VG +¥ nc Vn Trong do: VoresVyp: Lugng dau nhon trong may chinh va trong may phyZ,,Z,,: 86 wong may chinh, may phy N,..Nzp: Cong sudt may chinh, may phy ep Sn» Sp? Suat tiéu hao dau béi tron may chinh, may phy Yq: khOi wong riéng cia nhién ligu. Dau nhe K : He s6 dung tich két T ; Thoi gian hanh trinh tau Tinh toan ta duge: V,, =(1x 418 0.005 + 175% 0.005)x1.05x 24x 850"! +91+10=101 (lit) Do do bé tri mt két diu dy trit c6 LxBxH 18 1.2x0.6x0.3(m) ‘Thé tich két 0.216 m> Tinh chon bom: Duge xéc dinh dya theo Iuu hong dau qua dong co, tite 1a Irgng dau béi troa Juan chuyén qua déng co trong mét don vi théi gian. Luong dau nay duoc xdc dinh théng qua Ivgng nhiét ma dau luan chuyén ra khéi cdc bé mat chi tiét durge béi tron va truyén cho nude Iam mat, Lung nhiét ndy khoang 1,5-4% téng long nhiét do nhién ligu chay sinh ra, Luong nhiét dé dugc xc dinh theo céng thtte: O=b,.04=8eNe Qu Trong dé: Ne: Tang céng suat c6 ich cua dong co (kW) Qu: Nhiét tri thép ctia nhién liu (KJ/Kg) ge: suit tiéu hao nhién ligu cla déng co (Kg/kW.h) Nhiét lugng do nhién ligu chay gay ra trong déng co chinh: Qi = 0.2078418*41135 = 3559247 kI/h = 850112 kcal/h Nhiét hrgng do nbign ligu chay gay ra trong déng co lai may phat dién: Q = 75*0.24*41135 = 740430 Kish = 176849 keal/h Tong Iwgng nhiét do nhién ligu chay gay raz Q=Qi + Q2= 1026961 keal/h 2BSut luna lusgng du nhén trong hé théng duge xée dinh theo eng thire G=k,, Trong 46 Ka = 15 ~3 :Hé sé dy trit, chon 2 At =15° — ; BO giam nhiét 46 diu trong bau lam mat Q : Luong nhiét dau nhén luan chuyén ra khdi dgng co Diesel Q =0.015*Q = 15404 keal/h Ca =S keal/KgeC : Ty nhigt-dau nhon Y 0.92 Kg/l Trong hong riéng dau nhon a 15404 eer 2 G= 2x poss 7 6 Vh= 0.446 m/h 3. Hé théng Lim mat a. Gidi thiéu va yéu ciu chung > Bom lam mét: $6 hrgng va Iu long cla bom lam mét cho méy chinh: = Trong hé théng nuéc lam mat gidn tiép may chinh cae bom lam mat phai cé dit Iuu Iugng dé cung cp én dinh nude 1am mat & céng suat lién tuc Ién nhat cua may chinh, cdc bom nay c6 thé duge truyén dong ddc lap hoge duge may chinh din dong, khéng can cé bom dir phdng, song phai dim bao sir Lim mat méy chinh bing nude ngoai tau khi hong bom nude ngot lam mat; - Déivéi tau khich cép VR-SI, VR-SB cé mét chan vit, néu khéng thé Lam mit may chinh bing nude ngoai tau khi hdng bom nude ngot lim mat thi phai e6 mét bom dy phong duge truyén ding co gidi dc lip: - Cac bom nude lam mat may chinh cia tau hoat déng tuyén ven bién va tau thiy cao téc phai c6 dit Juu Iwgng dé cung cp dn dinh nude lam mat & céng sudt lién tue Ién nhat cda may chinh. Céc bom nay cé thé duoc truyén dng déc kip hodc duge may chinh dan d6ng va cé bom dir phong lap song song, dam bao sy lam mat may chinh bing nuéc ngoai tau khi bom nude ngot Lam mat may chinh bi hong; + Khi tau néi é trén e6 hai may chinh tré Ten va méi may 6 bom Lam mat riéng, dim bao cho tau hoat dong 6 téc d6 ti thiéu ngay ca khi mgt bom khéng hoat dgng thi khong can c6 bom [am mat dy phong.> Vide sir dung cae bom khiic - Dé lam bom nude ngot lam mat dy tit c6 thé ding bom nude din va nhimg bom dimg chung khac, néu chi dimg bom nuée sach; - Neoai cic bom néu trén ed thé sit dung bom hit khd lam bom nude ngoai tau lam mat dy phng.QCVN 72: 2013/BGTVT 457 > Lam mat trye tiép D6i v6i tau hoat dong tuyén ven bién, néu ding nude bién dé lam mat truc tiép may chinh hoe dng co diesel lai may phat dign hay may phy, thi phai trang bi b6 loc dat gitta van hit va bom lam mét nude bién, C6 thé lam vé sinh durgc b6 loc mi khong phai ngimg cap nude lam mat. Khoang lam mat may phai duge lip kem chéng 4n mon. > Vige hiit nude ngoai man Phai co thiét bi dé din nude hdp théng s6ng tré Ién, ngoai man lam mat vio tir cde van hut nuée dit trong hai > Hé théng lam mat cho déng co diesel Khi ding nude ngoai man dé lam mat true tiép may chinh, thi phai trang bi b6 loc dat giita van hit née ngoai man va bom nuée ngoai man lam mat, N6 c6 thé 1am vé sinh duge ma khong phai ngimg cp nude da loc b. Tinh toan hé théng Lim mat: ~ Sin Jugng bom nude ngo! Nude ngot sau khi ra khoi dong co nha nhiét cho nude bién tai bau sinh hin va quay tro lai déng ca. Nhigt Iugmg ma nude ngot léy di chi yéu Li nhigt lugng do bin than dong cc toara Nude ngot sau khi nha nhiét cho nuée bién, dirge dura qua nhan nhiét cia dau nhon rdi méi di vao nhan nhigt cia dGng co. Nhigt lrong ma nude ngot iy di bao gdm long nhi¢t do diu nhon vi dong co nha ra. Sin long nude ngot duge tinh theo eéng thie chung sau: mn Ox Cy(tin tin) Cu (thetic) Trong d6: Qu - Lirgng phiét ma nude ngot nhga duge tir dau nhérm (kI/h) Qe = Lugng nhigt ma nude ngot nbn durge tir dng ec (kI/h) Ca - TY nhigt ca nude ngot (kI/kg.d9) ta! - Nhigt dO mrde ngot ra khoi bau sinh han dau nhon (°C) tay" - Nhiét d6 nude ngot vio bau sinh han diu nhon (°C) 25tu’ - Nhiét dO nude ngot ra khdi dong co ('C) tun” - Nhiét dO nurde ngot vio déng co (°C) Nhigt lrong ma nude ngot nhan duge tir dng co hay chinh la nhigt lugng do déng co tba ra cn ctr vao loai déng co cy thé ma xée dink, c6 thé cho trong ly lich cia dong co hoae 6 thé duge tinh theo céng thite sau: Que = N.* BX AX Oy cia dong co (CV) = 568 PS ge - Sudt tiéu hao nhién Ligu (kg/CV.h) = 0.207 Qu - Nhiét tri thép cita nhign Ligu (kI/kg) = 41135 a - Hé 36 nhigt lugng do nude Lim mat ly di, thuing: a=(15+35)%. Chon a=20% Q,, = 568.207 «0.2% 41135 = 967298 kJ/h Nhiét lrgng do dau nhém nha ra duge tinh: 30*568= 17040 (Ki/h) Qin = Ga Véi qm 18 mhigt long don vj do du nhin nha ra, phy thude vio ching Logi etla d6ng co va vong quay cia dong co: + Dong co téc dé thap: qm = 30 (Keal/CV.h) + Dong co téc 46 cao: gm = 60 (Keal/CV.h) Chon qn = 30 Keal/CV.h Vay: Sin lung nude ngot Qs C(t ___17040 967298 1.36x (70-65) G,= ————_— = 49922 1.36x(75~-60) Gq = 49.922 mi/h, San lugng bom: Qo = Ga + 0.2*Ga = 59.9 mi/h. Chon bom Q= 60. m?/h 26~ Diesel lai may phat dign: Céng suat diesel lai may phat Ne = 109.5 PS Vong quay nn = 1500 vip Nhigt luong nude nhan tir déngco Que = 109.5*0.242*0,2*41135= 218007 kI/h Sin lung nuée ngot: G, = —2« 218007 __ 19687 kg/h = 10.687 m¥/h 1.36x(75-60) San rong bom may phat: Gy = Gy + 0.2*G,~ 12.824 m/h Vay san long nude ngot cén lim mét Diesel lai may phit dign la; Gs = 12.824 m/h - Két gidn n may chinh: COng suat may chinh: Ne = 568 PS Hé sé tinh toan Vp = 0.2 Dung tich két V = Ne * Vp * 103 = 568*0.2*10-3=0.1136 m? = 113.6 lit Vay dung tich két gian né V = 113.6 lit + Chon dung tich két gidin né Diesel lai may phat dign: Céng suat méy chinh: Ne = 109.5 PS Hé sé tinh toan Vp = 0.2 Dung tich két V = Ne * Vp * 10°3= 109.540.2410 0.0219 m3 = 21.9 lit Vay dung tich két gian né V=21.9 lit - Tinh bau sinh han diu nhén,bdu sinh han nude ngot: Tinh sinh han nuée nggt ‘Cée c6ng thite sit dung lay theo sach “Thiét ké hé thing déng Ive tau thuy + Dién tich truyén nhiét: F (m?) Kat Trong do: Q - nhiét hong trao d6i qua b6 Lim mat, kI/b, Q = 967297.8 At- higu nhigt 46 trung binh cia bé Lam mét, do. At= 0.5[(Paa + tpn) - (Cab + U%00)) Van = nhigt dG nude ngot @ cita vao, tn = 60°C to ~ nhigt d6 nude ngot & cita ra, "yn = 75°C ab = nhiét dé nude bién Getta vio, to» = 20°C a‘ab - nhigt d6 nude bién & ciza ra, Uy = 35°C At = 0.3[(75 + 60) - (20 + 35)] = 40°C K - hé sé truyén nhiét. (kJ/mz.d6.h) ‘Trong 46: a ~hé sé toa nhiét tir chat long dén dng (Keal/m?.b."C). a2 - hé sé toa nhiét tir éng déi voi chat Jong ngoai (Keal/m?.h.°C). 5 - chiéu dai ctia éng (m). 2.-hé s6 din nhiét ca vat ligu lam éng (Keal/m?.h.°C). Bé lam mat sau mot thoi gian lam viée thudng xuit hign céu cn Ghai mat sing va trong dng, lam hé sé truyén nhigt gim xudng va gidm luong nhigt trao déi, cho nén Khi tinh todn hé sé truyén mhiét thudng dua thém mot hé sé diéu chinh B vao trong cng thite: K=BK Thong thudng B = 0.7+0.8. Chon ‘Theo sé ligukinh nghigm chon bd lam mét dang bau tron - éng (duéng kinh éng 10+15 mm), chon K = 1200 {kcal/m2.h.‘C]. Khi xét dén anh hudng ctia edu edn: B.K = 0.8.1200 = 960 [kcal/m?.hC] = 4018.368 [kJ/m?.h.°C] Di n tich trao di nhiét ca bau sinh hin nude ngot phye ww cho méy chinh: Fre 6.018 m? tich trao di nbiét cia bau sinh hin nude ngot phuc ve cho may dién: F ya = 1.356 m? - Tinh dwng éng Khi xy dung dirdng dng trong hé théng lam mit can phai chi ¥ ti cde yéu td sau: = Su gin né ctia nude trong hé thing duéng éng = Su béc hoi ciia nude phai it nhat = Trénh hap thy oxi 28- Anh hudng ciia sy rd ri trong hé théng - Bim bao duge dp suat lam viée trong hé théng + Xa duge bot khi ra ngoai Yéu cau ciia dong chay ciia nude trong hé théng lam mat 1a tir 0.5+2 m/s. Chon V=2 m/s COng thife tinh dwong kinh éng trong hé thing: 4=24= Trong do: - Q Luu hrgng bom, m*/s + V: Van téc ding chay, m/s + Duong dng nude ngot di lam mat déng co chinh: os JS => f 0 __ osm av “V314%2«3600 ‘Theo quy pham chon dng c6 kich thude danh nghia d=105 (mm) 4, + Dutng dng mde ngot di lam mat may dén: Theo quy pham chon éng c6 kich thuée danh nghia d=50 (mm) - Tinh sin lwgng bom née bién cho bau lam mat nude ngot Ta tinh twong ty nur trén Tinh san Iugng bom nude bién cho bau lim mat nude ngot eta my chinh 984337.8 San lung nude man: Gam = Gilt, -m,) 136x(52- 40) x107 = 60.315 Trong 46: Qon = Qa: + Qn = 984337.8 kI/h, Ca = 1.36 52°C; ta’ tac! 40°C Vay sin hrong bom nude bién la: Q=Gam + 0.2*Gun= 72.378m"/h 2sTinh san Irgng bom nwrée bin cho biu Lim mat nude nggt cia Diesel Iai may phat dign _ 2, _218007.273 193133 C,(-0,) 1:36x(52-40) 58, San lugng nude man: Grn, Trong 46: Qon = Que + Qu = 218007.273 ki/h CG, = 136 ta = 52°C 5 ta’ = 40°C sin lugng bom nude bién la: Q=Gom + 0.2"Gan= 32.06 m'sh - Tinh dong dng: Yeu cdu cia dong chay ctia nude trong hé théng lam mat [a tir 0.5+2 m/s. Chon V=2 m/s Céng thite tinh dudng kinh dng trong hé théng: e (m) my d= Trong dé: = Q: Luu hong bom, m*/s - V: Van téc dong chay, m/s + Dudng dng mide ngot di lam mat d6ng co chinh: Theo quy pham chon dng cé kich thuée danh nghia d=115 (mm) + Duong éng nude ngot di lam mat may dén: JO” 4 | 32.06 __ _0.075m 2 Ww 3142x3600 Theo quy pham chon éng cé kich thuéc danh nghia d=75 (mm) 30