Practical Methodology For The Analysis of Soil Report

Sub Soil Investigation
REPORT
of
• PROPOSED
RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT
• AT PLOT: 3161
• CAD. ZONE F01
KUBWA DISTRICT
• FCT-ABUJA
• CLIENT:
• AIHSA IBRAHIM SERTI
GEOTECHNIC OFFICE:
EXT. A35, EFAB MALL COMPLEX,
AREA 11, GARKI,
FCT-ABUJA
JULY, 2018
Sub-Soil
Investigation REPORT
of
PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT
AT PLOT 3161, CADASTRAL ZONE F01
KUBWA DISTRICT
FCT-ABUJA
CLIENT:
AISHA IBRAHIM SERTI
GEOTECHNIC OFFICE:
EXT. A35, EFAB MALL COMPLEX,
AREA 11, GARKI,
FCT-ABUJA
JULY, 2018
CONTENTS
Page
1. Cover Page --------------------------------------- i-ii
2. Introduction -------------------------------------- 1-13
3. Summary 0f The Test Results ----------------------- 14
4. Bearing Capacity/Recommendation------------------- 15-17
5. Moisture Content ---------------------------------- 18
6. Architectural Site Plan ------------------------------- 19
7. DCP Calibration Table ------------------------------ 20-23
8. DCP Analysis Graphs ------------------------------ 24-28
9. SIEVE Analysis Table/ Graphs ------------------------ 29-34
10. Shear Box Table/Graphs ----------------------- 35-38
11. Liquid Limit Table/Graphs --------------------- 39-41
12. Pictures ------------------------------------ 42-48

SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATION ON PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT @ PLOT 3161, CAD. ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
INTRODUCTION
In order to guard against shear failures and unacceptable settlement due to
loading, it is desirable to determine the sub-soil geotechnical properties of
a site for use in the safe and economic design of appropriate foundation
for the intended structure. The slight or absolute horizontal to vertical
variation in the engineering properties of soil brought about sub-soil
investigation prior to engineering project.
This soil investigation and exploration were conducted on the site for the
PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AT PLOT 3161, CADASTRAL ZONE F01,
KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT- ABUJA.
It was aimed at determining soil parameters necessary for the foundation

design and construction.
Based on this proposal, DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LIMITED was

commissioned on 27th.JULY, 2018 by AISHA IBRAHIM SERTI to carryout
Geo-technical investigation of the proposed site to enhance necessary
information and data for the selection of suitable foundation type and
construction.
The soil samples were examined visually for a general classification of

which there are many detailed soil classification currently employed. These
classification are designed particularly use in soil mechanics works and are
therefore, limited in their application.
SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of this work involves conducting Five [5] number of dynamic
cone penetration test and Three [3] trial pits, to deduce the necessary
engineering
DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 1

Parameters and Geo-technical information deemed necessary for

determining the suitability of the ground conditions and nature of the
foundation.
And soil sample for laboratory analysis is also to give appropriate

information as type and nature of the soil strata.
FIELD WORK
Dynamic cone penetration [DCP] equipment was used to perform the

penetration test.
To achieve our primary objective for the sub-soil investigation, a dynamic

cone penetrometer was driven into the ground and resistance of
penetration, record was made, blows against penetration.
The instruments consist of 14kg mass dropped from the height 600mm
with the driving cone of 90o, 5cm², the resistance of penetration (N), or
number of blows was used to measure the state of parking and angle of
shearing resistance (O0) and approximate allowable bearing capacity in
KN/m².
The in-situ strength test involves counting the number of blows using a
weight of 14kg that drive a rod with cone into the ground. The equipment
was manually operated.
The procedure is repeated until the required depth or point of refusal is

reached then test will be terminated.
SUB – SOIL CONDITION/TOPOGRAPHY
The said site topographically, is gentle slope terrain. Top soil yet to be
excavated and NO part of SITE have existing building in it as at the time of
our soil investigation. Ground water was not encounter in the course of

digging of trial pits. Seasonal variation in ground water levels may occur
within the possible development of perched water table just at the aquifer
wet season. The soil on the site is of Reddish Lateritic soil layer and
Reddish-Brown lateritic.
PHYSICO-GEOGRAPHY OF THE SITE
The site is located at Plot 3161, Cadastral Zone F01, Kubwa District in the
Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and north central of Nigeria on the
Longitude 9°10ʺE.It has two major seasons, Dry and Rainy season with
annual rainfall between1890-2500mm.The rainfall reaches its peak in
mid-August and September while the temperature ranges between 20° and
less during the harmattarn to 38° in the dry season and strong wind
pattern from north-east during the harmattarn and onset of raining
season.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
The samples collected on the site were transported to our soil mechanic
Laboratory for analysis in which the relevant test toward achieving the
primary aim of conducting the soil investigation was done on selected
samples recovered from the trial pits/DCP Test to establish the
characteristics of the various strata and derived parameters required for
foundation design. The test includes; Density Test, Classification Test
(Grain Size Analysis), Water Content Determination, Atterberge Limit Test
and Undrained Shear Box Test, to deduce the cohesiveness of the soil.
Consolidation test was conducted on the undisturbed sample to determine
the settlement analysis. All test procedures were in accordance with B.S
1377 part 9, 1975.
ATTERBERG LIMITS
Atterbarg limits were determined (ASTM D4318) our representative soil

sample of cohesive soil. The atterberg limits refer to arbitrarily define
boundaries between the liquid and plastic states, and between the plastic

brittle states of grained soils expressed as water content, in percentage.

The liquid limit is the water content at which a part of soil placed in a
standard cup, cut by standard grooving tool, will flow together at the base
of the groove when the cup is subjected to 25- standard shocks. The one-
point liquid limit test was carried out and distilled water was added during
soil mixing to achieve a desired consistency.
The results indicated the soil is moderate stiff clay soil.
UNIT WEIGHT AND WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION
As a routine laboratory test, unit weight of soils was determined based on

the mass of soil in a standard volume steel cylinder with cutting edge. The
unit weight refers to the unit weight of the soil at the sampled water
content. The dry unit weight was determined from the mass and the water
content of the specimen.
Water content (ASTMD2216) was determined by oven-drying a moist/ wet

soil at a constant temperature of 1050C C for 18-24hrs. The difference in
mass of water in the specimen and the mass of remaining material was
used as the mass of solid particles. The ratio between the mass of water
and the mass of solid particles is the water content of the soil material.
Sample of the result and data sheet are shown in table 3.
SHEAR STRENGTH (SHEAR BOX)
Undrained compression shear strength test were conducted in accordance

with ASTM D2166. The tests were performed by compressing cylindrical
samples to failure. Their undrained cohesion ranges from
23KN/m² to 25KN/m² with angle of internal friction ranges from 13° to 16°
respectively. Sample of test result and data sheets are shown in table 2

TEST ANALYSIS
BULK DENSITY
Diameter of core cutter = 8.5cm
Height of sample =11.5
g = 10m/sec².
Bulk Density = weight of the sample
Volume of sample
For Instance;
TP1,
B.D = 1715
1021 =1.68g/cc
Unit Weight = 1680 x 10
1000 = 16.8KN/m².
TP2,
B.D = 1736
1021 =1.70 g/cc
Unit weight = 1700x10
1000 =17.0KN/m².

TP3,
B.D = 1817
1021 =1.78 g/cc
Unit weight = 1780x10
1000 =17.8KN/m².
The allowable bearing pressure imposed by a foundation is a function of

characteristics of the shear strength of the soil as well as the depth and
dimension of the foundation. The bearing capacity is calculated from the
laboratory shear box tests conducted on undisturbed samples between
1.5-2.0m.Therefore, from the apparent cohesion and angle of internal
friction. the bearing capacity is calculated from the Terzaghi’s bearing
capacity equation using a safety factor of 3.0 and the results are shown on
table below;
TP1 VALUES
Qu=1.3CNc+¥ (Nq) +0.4¥BNy
Where, Qu = Ultimate Shear Strength
C= Cohesion = 30KN/m², Ø = 10º
Y= Bulk Density = 16.8KN/m³
D= Depth of footing = 1.0m
B= Width of footing = 1.0m
Nc, Nq & Ny = Bearing Capacity Factor=9.5, 2.8 and 0.7 respectively.
A safe factor of 3 was used in computing the safe bearing capacity pressures.
Qu=1.3x30x9.5+ (16.8x9.5) + (0.4x16.8x1x0.7)
= 422.2/3 = 140.7KN/m².

TP2 VALUES
Qu=1.3x25x10.37+ (17.0x3.59) + (0.4x17.0x2.29)
= 413.6/3 = 137.9KN/m².
TP3 VALUES
Qu=1.3x32x7.0+ (17.8x1.8) + (0.4x17.8x1x0.28)
= 325.2/3 = 108.4KN/m².
NOTE: A factor of safety = 4.5 was adopted because DCP calibration is
Based on this factor so that the two results can be compared.

DCP RESULT ANALYSIS
Soil stress analysis for elastic theory indicate that the increase in vertical
stress bellow the centre of a strip foundation of width B is approximately
20% of the foundation pressure at depth 3B and1.5B for square footing. In
practice, this depth is known as depth of influence and essential to
determine the soil condition within the depth for any foundation, therefore,
DCP was used to probing the soil to this depth.
When depth of penetration is less than 10m, a factor called rod ratio is
normally applied to take care of the rod skin friction.
For 10tonsDCP factor of 0.7 is adopted .Therefore, the blow achieved on

per 10cm penetration is multiplied by a factor of 0.7.
Zc, penetration resistant = 50
(N X 0.7)
Where N=Number of blows per 10cm penetration
Hence, the manufacturer calibration chart can be used to deduce the

allowable bearing capacity. (See the attached chart)
Note that, the chart for upper 1m is different from the chart subsequent
depth.

TABLE 1
DCPT
The same is calculated for all other values
DEPTH(m) ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY (KN/m²)

LOCATION DCP 1 DCP 2 DCP 3 DCP 4 DCP 5
0.5 67 - 96 88 57
1.0 107 67 126 136 110
1.5 144 107 154 148 152
2.0 160 146 184 172 165
2.5 212 203 217 190 172
3.0 385 220 240 200 180
3.5 403 385 255 224 200
4.0 423 418 352 352 352
4.5 444 - 396 396 396
5.0 - - 409 427 409
5.5 - - 427 - 420
6.0 - - - - -

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
Sieve analysis was carried out on some selected samples. The result
confirmed the very stiff silty Lateritic nature of the soil between
63.5% - 76.0% size fractions pass sieve no. 200.
BULK UNIT WEIGTH
The bulk unit weight of the collected samples ranges from

16.8-17.8KN/m².
ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST
Moisture Content of the Sample (between 2.1 – 3.0m), ranges between

23.3 – 26.4%, Plastic Limit is between 43– 48 %. Liquid Limit range between
60 – 72% with the average PH 1.15 and plastic index ranges between
20% - 24% as deduced firm the Atterberg Limit Data.
SHEAR STRENGTH
Shear Box Test Cohesion ranges between (c) 25 to 32KN/m² with angle of
internal friction rages between 7º to 14º.
The average cohesion and angle of internal friction used for computation
of ultimate bearing capacity is C 29 AND 10º respectively.

PERMEABILITY TEST
Using falling head apparatus
K= (La/TA) Log ho/hi
Where A= Area of stand pipe = (2.5cm)
A =Area of sample =78.57m
T = Time = 6hours (60×60×60) sec = 21600sec.
L = Length of sample =0.16m
Ho =Initial head
Hi=Final head
From the analysis therefore,
K = (0.5×2.5 ∕ 21600×78.57)ln(100÷4)
K =2.48×10×6⁻ⁱ ⁰ m/s.
PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
CONSOLDATION SETTLEMENT (LATERITE SILTY CLAY)
The results of laboratory (Odometer) test are used to estimate

consolidation settlement on the soil clay.
Between the depth of 0.0-2.5 based on the increase in the effective vertical
pressure induced by the loads from structure. Conventional settlement
relationship containing of volume compressibility (Mv) was used in the
analysis.

A settlement analysis is an analysis that predict;
The settlement is a structure which is founded above a buried clay layer is

likely to undergo the rate at which the settlement shall take place.
TP1.
Mv=0.53 for head increment from 100-200KN/M²
Qa=200KN/m²
H= 1.8M (silty soil)
Lc=0.09
∆r=4qLr
SC (mm) =Mv∆rH
= 4×200×0.08×0.52×1.8
= 66mm.
CV= K/Mv × W
=2.48 × 10×6-1 × 3600 × 23 × 365/0.63 × 9.8 × 1000
= 0.014m/year.
TP2.
Mv=0.51
Qa=200KN/m²
H= 1.8m
Lc=0.07

∆r=4qLr
Cv= K/Mv x w
=3×10×6⁰ × 3600 × 22 × 365/0.63 × 9.8 × 1000
= 0.017m/year.
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENTANALYSIS
The limit for maximum settlement at which damage could be expected as

related to angular distraction is given by;
Difference in settlement between two point divided by the distance

between the two point, i.e;
∆Sc/ L must be less than 0.002 to avoid structural failure.
Generally, it is recommended that to avoid structural damage of the

building.
The angular distortion should be less than 1/500 which corresponds to

0.00049mm and 0.00052mm differential settlement between two footing
in clay and sand respectively.
TABLE 2: SUMMARIES OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

SAMPLE UNIT % PASSING SIEVE SIZES ATTERBERG SHEAR BEARING CAPACITY SOIL
2
WEIGHT NMC LIMIT STRENGTH (KN/m ) CLASSIFICATION
3
KN/m GS PARAMETERS & DESCRIPTION
2
(%) 5.0MM 2.0MM 0.425MM 0.075MM LL (%) P1 (%) C KN/m Q QULT QALT
(GEG)
DCP 01 - -
0.5M 211 67
1.0M 321 107
TP 01 - -
1.5M 16.8 2.6 23.3 - 93.4 91.6 68.4 43 21 30 10 432 144 SILTY –SOIL
2.0M 480 160 A-7-5
2.5M 636 212
3.0M 1155 385
3.5M 1206 403
4.0M 1266 423
4.5M 1332 444
DCP 02 - -
0.5M - -
1.0M 211 67
1.5M 321 107
2.0M 438 146
2.5M 609 203
3.0M 660 220
3.5M 1155 385
4.0M 1254 418
4.5M 1320 440
DCP 03 - -
0,5M 288 96
1.0M 378 126
1.5M 462 154
2.0M 600 184
2.5M 552 217
3.0M 720 240 -
3.5M 765 255
4.0M 1056 352
4.5M 1188 396
5.0M 1227 409
5.5M 1181 427
DCP 04 - -
0.5M 254 88
TP 01 - - -
1.0M 17.0 2.6 23.9 91.7 85.5 71.4 80.0 60 20 25 14 408 136 LATERITIC-SILTY
1.5M 444 148 CLAY. A -7-6
2.0M 516 172
2.5M 570 190
3.0M 600 200
3.5M 672 224
4.0M 1056 352
4.5M 1188 396
5.0M 1181 427
DCP 05 - -
0.5M 171 57 -
TP 01 - - LATERITIC-SILTY
1.0M 17.8 2.6 26.4 - 98.1 91.8 76.0 72 24 32 7 330 110 SOIL A -7-6
1.5M 456 152
2.0M 495 165
2.5M 516 172
3.0M 540 180
3.5M 600 200
4.0M 1052 352
4.5M 1188 396
5.0M 1227 409
5.5M 1260 420

CONCLUSION AND FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATION

This soil report contains the subsoil investigation of the proposed
development at PLOT 3161 CADASTRAL ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT,
FCT ABUJA.
Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test was the main in-situ test performed
on the site and was carried out at the land surface.
Trial pits were dug to collect both disturbed and undisturbed samples,
sieve analysis, shear and specific gravity and atterberg limit test and the
Oedometer/settlement were carried out on the sample (Test results are
attached herewith).
The result of Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) revealed that the subsoil in
the site area is very good at deep depth.
The grain size distribution pattern of the soil shows that the soil is
homogeneous from place to place. Generally, the subsoil consists of Silty
clay and Stiff clay of A-7-5 and A-7-6 soil classification respectively.
The result of laboratory test and analysis show that, generally, the natural
moisture content (NMC) increase with depth there is difference in % of
NMC, ranges from 23.3-26.4% while the plastic index is very high with
values range from 40-48%, linear shrinkage is 0.8cm-1.4cm and for
particle size distribution analysis test, the ranges of passing 0.07mm sieve
size is 64%-76%.
The specific gravity of material is between 2.60 and the field allowable
bearing capacity is 153.2KN/m² at 2.0-2.5m depth while laboratory is
129.0KN/m².
In the undrained shear box test, the cohesion C range between

25-32 KN/m² and angles ranges 7º to 10º.

The safe bearing capacity to work out the dimension of the footing at
tolerable and uniform settlement using C=29, Ø =10º. And average density
of 1.80g/cm³ with safety factor of 3.0 in Terzaghi equation
Qu=1.3CNc+¥ (Nq) +0.4¥BNy.
The most probable allowable bearing capacity achieve on the site Dynamic
Cone Penetration DCP and the laboratory analysis were computed as

follows;
61.6kN/m² @ 0.5M
109.2kN/m² @ 1.0 M
141.0kN/m² @ 1.5M
165.4kN/m² @ 2.0M
198.8KN/m² @ 2.5M
245.0kN/m² @ 3.0M
293.4kN/m² @ 3.5M
379.4kN/m² @ 4.0M
The type and depth of foundation was guided by the soil properties, type
of structure to be supported and its influence on the soil, angle of
cohesion geologically, evaluation, water table and the net allowable
bearing capacity.
In view of the above data, and since the working load was not known, we
suggest that, RAFT FOUNDATION/UNDERGROUND BEAM is recommended
at the depth 1.5m-2.0m from the ground surface and 1.5x1.5m
foundation footing in view of the wider width peculiar to raft foundation is
considered adequate as footing for such structure (Five slabs) on this

particular site. 140 KN/m² should be adopted as allowable bearing capacity

of the soil at this depth.
Critical column must be considered during columns loading. Column base

thickness/sizing is of greater importance while considering the bearing
capacity value for foundation design of TWO suspended building
respectively.
NOTE:
1. It is quite necessary to provides sub-drain to avoid hydrostatic pressure build

up under the foundation and Retaining Wall where necessary e.g fence
foundation at the lower part of the proposed site to DBC Level.
2. The slab may be treated with damp proof membrane of water cement
concrete with mix ratio of 1:2; 4.
3. All earth work foundation design/ construction and subsequent super
structural works should be done strictly in conformity with recognized laid
down engineering standards and specifications e.g. BS 8004 (1986) “ Code of
practice for foundation”, and BS 8110 (1985) “ Structural use of concrete”
4. These recommendations are based on the soil data only and are subjected
to the decision of the structural engineer based on the design criteria but
the above soil parameter must be strictly adhering to.
Compiled by
Kola
08056969171

TABLE 3
MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION
OPERATOR: ABDULAHI DATE: JULY, 2018 SAMPLE NO: TP 01 TO TP 03
TEST TP 01 TP 02 TP 03
Container No.(g) 3 36 33 30 3 36
Wt of wet +tare(g) 97 91 119 112 96 103
Wt of dry +tare(g) 86 82 104 99 85 90
Wt of tare (g) 42 40 43 43 42 42
Wt of water (g) 11 9 15 13 11 13
Wt of dry soil (g) 44 42 61 56 43 48
Moisture content% 25.0 21.4 24.6 23.2 25.6 27.1
Average % 23.3% 23.9% 26.4%

SITE PLAN
DCP 1
TP 1
DCP 2
TP 2
DCP 3
DCP 4
TP 3
DCP 5
KEY
TP ------------------
DCP ------------------ 19
HEIGHT OF SAMPLE 24 MM CONSOLIDATION TEST SHEET

COMPRESSION AREA 32.8 CM² ∆Y : ∆X :
WATER CONTENT BEFORE
CONSOLIDATION 13.3 % BOPING NO : SAMPLE : 01
TP1
WATER CONTENT AFTER
CONSOLIDATION 11.2 % LEVEL: DEPTH : 0.0-1.0M
UNIT WEIGHT BEFORE
CONSOLIDATION 11.9 KN/m³ Mv (100KN/m²-200KN/m²)=0.48M²/mm
COMPRESIBILITY INDEX C:C = 0.0572
PROJECT: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AT PLOT 3161,
TEST BY: BIODUN CAD. ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT- ABUJA.
CHECKED BY: ENGR. JULIUS DATE: JULY, 2018.
2
V E RTICA L P RE S S URE KN/ M
0 .5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000
2 .5
2 .0
VOID RATIO
1 .5
0 .5

HEIGHT OF SAMPLE 24 MM CONSOLIDATION TEST SHEET

COMPRESSION AREA 31.4 CM² ∆Y : ∆X :
WATER CONTENT BEFORE
CONSOLIDATION 12.5 % BOPING NO : SAMPLE : 02
TP2
WATER CONTENT AFTER
CONSOLIDATION 12.1 % LEVEL: DEPTH : 0.0-1.0M
UNIT WEIGHT BEFORE
CONSOLIDATION 12.3 KN/m³ Mv(100KN/m²-200KN/m²)=0.51m²/mm
COMPRESIBILITY INDEX C:C = 0.0574
PROJECT: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AT PLOT 3161,
TEST BY: BIODUN CAD. ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT- ABUJA.
CHECKED BY: ENGR. JULIUS DATE: JULY, 2018.
2
V E RT ICA L P RE S S URE K N/M
0.5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000
2.5
2.0
VOID RATIO
1.5
0.5

TABLE 4 A
DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION
(10KG)
ROD Diameter= 22mm
Cone Angle = 60*
Zc = Magnitude of Penetration
Qc = Penetration Resistance
Qu = Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Qa = Allowable Bearing Capacity
FOS = 2.7 (FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SHEAR FAILURE)
Z= 50/ (N x 0.7) N=CORRECTED BLOWS
CALIBERATION PARAMETER
Zc = 0 Qa = 400KN/m2
DCP CALIBRATION TABLE
UPPER 1M
BLOWS Zc (cm) Qc(KN/m2) Qu(KN/m2) Qa(KN/m2)
50/N 0.5 378 1945 720
1.0 352 1810 670
1.5 337 1730 640
2.0 284 1460 540
2.5 263 1350 500
3.0 236 1215 450
3.5 184 945 350
4.5 131 675 250
5.0 116 594 220
5.5 105 540 200
6.0 95 486 180
6.5 84 432 160
7.0 79 405 150
7.5 74 379 140
8.0 68 351 130
8.5 63 324 120
9.0 58 297 110
9.5 53 270 100
10.0 47 243 90
11.0 42 216 80
12.5 37 189 70
14.0 32 162 60
15.0 29 149 55
25.0 - - 0

TABLE 4B
(10KG)
ROD Diameter= 22mm
Cone Angle = 60*
Zc = Magnitude of Penetration
Qc = Penetration Resistance
Qu = Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Qa = Allowable Bearing Capacity
FOS = 2.7 (FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SHEAR FAILURE)
Z= 50/ (N x 0.7) N=CORRECTED BLOWS
CALIBERATION PARAMETER
Zc = 0 Qa = 400KN/m2
DCP CALIBRATION TABLE
SUBSEQUENT DEPTH
BLOWS Zc (cm) Qn(KN/m2) Qu(KN/m2) Qa(KN/m2)
0.5 341 1765 650
1.0 313 1607 595
1.5 300 1539 570
2.0 252 1296 480
2.5 234 1202 445
3.0 210 1080 400
3.5 200 1026 380
4.0 126 648 240
4.5 105 540 200
5.0 92 473 175
5.5 84 432 160
6.0 76 392 145
6.5 68 351 130
7.0 63 324 120
7.5 58 297 110
8.0 55 284 105
8.5 50 257 95
9.0 47 243 90
9.5 42 216 80
10.0 37 189 70
10.5
11.0 34 176 65
12.5 30 150 55
14.0 26 135 50
15.0 24 120 45
25.0 - - 0

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT 10 KG
AT PLOT 3161, CADASTRAL ZONE F01 Extrapolated values of the cone Penetration from the table
KUBWA DISTRICT , FCT-ABUJA. Zc = 50/(0.7 × N)
Where N = No of blows per 10cm
DCP 1
Depth (m) Zc Qa (KN/m2) The table below shows the extrapolated values of the allowable bearing capacity
of the said site as enumerated below.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.00 10.2 67 0.50
9.00 7.93 107 1.00
12.00 6.49 144 1.50
13.00 5.5 160 2.00
17.00 4.20 212 2.50
21.00 3.40 385 3.00
24.00 2.97 403 3.50
DEPTH (M)
26.00 2.74 423
4.00
28.00 2.55 444

4.50
- -
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 300
Qa (KN/m2)
DCP 2
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
4.00 7.8 0.50

-
7.00 10.2 67 1.00
9.00 7.93 107 1.50
12.00 5.95 146 2.00
16.00 4.46 203 2.50
19.00 3.75 220 3.00

PROJECT: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEV… LOCATION: PLOT 3161, CAD. ZONE.F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT- ABUJA
DEPTH (M)
21.00 3.40 385 3.50
25.00 2.85 418

4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 300
Qa (KN/m2)
DCP 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8.00 8.92 96 0.50
10.00 6.41 126 1.00
14.00 5.4 154 1.50
15.00 4.76 184 2.00
17.00 4.2 217 2.50
18.00 3.96 240 3.00
18.00 2.55 255 3.50
DEPTH (M)
19.00 2.98 352
4.00
23.00 3.1 396

4.50
25.00 2.9 409

5.00
31.00 2.3 427

5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 300
Qa (KN/m2)
DCP 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.00 10.2 88 0.50
11.00 6.49 136 1.00
12.00 5.95 148 1.50
14.00 5.10 172 2.00
16.00 4.46 190 2.50
16.00 4.5 200 3.00
17.00 4.2 224 3.50
DEPTH (M)
20 3.6 352
4.00
23.00 3.1 396

4.50
31.00 2.3 427

5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 300
Qa (KN/m2)
DCP 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.00 11.9 0.50

57
10.00 7.14 110 1.00
13.00 4.8 1.50

152
14.00 5.46 165 2.00
14.00 5.1 2.50

172
15.00 4.8 3.00

180
16.00 4.5 3.50

200
DEPTH (M)
19.00 2.98 352
4.00
23.00 3.1 396

4.50
25.00 2.9 409

5.00
26.00 2.74 420

5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 300
Qa (KN/m2)
SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATION ON PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT @ PLOT 1813, CAD. ZONE B13, GADUWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF SOIL (WET/DRY SIEVING)
CONTACT
PROPOSD RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT______________ OPERATOR _____EDIT._____
LOCATION
PLOT 3161,CAD. ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT,ABUJA. DATE ___JULY____
SAMPLE No _ _______01__________ DESCRIPTION ________________
TOTAL WEIGHT OF SAMPLE ________________486.6______ gr ___________________________
B. S. SIEVE WEIGHT PERCENT TOTAL REMARKS MAX

SIZE RETAINED RETAINED PASSING SIEVE
(gr.) (%) (%) LOAD
3 IN. 75 mm
21/2 IN. 63.5 mm
2 IN. 50 mm 4500
11/2 IN. 37.5 mm 5300
1 IN. 25 mm 2500
3
/4 IN. 20 mm 2000
1
/2 IN. 12.5 mm 1500
3
/8 IN. 10 mm 1000
1
/4 IN. 6.3 mm 750
3
/8 IN. 5 mm 500
PASSING 3/16 IN.
RIFFLLED SAMPLE PASSING 3/16“
18 IN 3.35 mm - - 100.0 300
No 7 2.36 mm 2 0.4 99.6 200
No 14 1.18 mm 8 1.6 98.4 100
No 25 600 um 25 5.1 94.4 75
No 36 425 um 41 8.4 91.6 75
No 52 300 um 61 12.5 87.5 50
No 72 212 um 88 18.1 81.9 50
No 100 150 um 149 30.6 69.4 40
No 200 75 um 154 31.6 68.4 25
PASSING 200 68.4
TOTAL

CONTACT
LOCATION
SAMPLE No _________02__________ DESCRIPTION _______________

(gr.) (%) (%) LOAD
3 IN. 75 mm
21/2 IN. 63.5 mm
2 IN. 50 mm 4500
11/2 IN. 37.5 mm 5300
1 IN. 25 mm 2500
3
/4 IN. 20 mm - - 100.0 2000
1
/2 IN. 12.5 mm 18 3.7 93.3 1500
3
/8 IN. 10 mm 24 5.0 95.0 1000
1
/4 IN. 6.3 mm 35 7.2 92.8 750
3
/8 IN. 5 mm 40 8.3 91.7 500
PASSING 3/16 IN.
18 IN 3.35 mm - - - 300
No 7 2.36 mm 60 12.4 87.6 200
No 14 1.18 mm 70 14.5 85.5 100
No 25 600 um 84 17.3 82.7 75
No 36 425 um 97 20.0 80.0 75
No 52 300 um 113 23.3 76.7 50
No 72 212 um 132 27.3 72.7 50
No 100 150 um 147 30.4 69.6 40
No 200 75 um 177 36.5 63.5 25
PASSING 200 63.5
TOTAL

CONTACT
LOCATION
SAMPLE No _________03__________ DESCRIPTION _______________

(gr.) (%) (%) LOAD
3 IN. 75 mm
21/2 IN. 63.5 mm
2 IN. 50 mm 4500
11/2 IN. 37.5 mm 5300
1 IN. 25 mm 2500
3
/4 IN. 20 mm 2000
1
/2 IN. 12.5 mm 1500
3
/8 IN. 10 mm 1000
1
/4 IN. 6.3 mm 750
3
/8 IN. 5 mm 500
PASSING 3/16 IN.
18 IN 3.35 mm - - 100.0 300
No 7 2.36 mm 3 0.6 99.7 200
No 14 1.18 mm 9 1.9 98.1 100
No 25 600 um 23 4.8 95.2 75
No 36 425 um 39 8.2 91.8 75
No 52 300 um 57 12.0 88.0 50
No 72 212 um 79 16.6 83.4 50
No 100 150 um 94 19.8 80.2 40
No 200 75 um 112 24.0 76.0
PASSING 200 75 um 76.0 25
TOTAL

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (SIEVE ANALYSIS CURVE)
B: SUB SOL INVESTIGATION
Date: JULY, 2018
ROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Sample No.: TP 1
B No. : PLOT NO. 3161,CADASTRAL ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
RCENTAGE LATERITE (PASSING SIEVE 200) : 68.4% Depth: 1.5m
LOG SETTING VELOCITY

IN CM PER SECONDS B.S SIEVENUMBERS APERTURE SIZE IN INCHES
¼
3/8
½
¾
1
5
1/8
3/16
3
52
1
2
2½
-3
7
-4
-2
25
36
72
14
300
1¼
18
-1
200
10
150
100
1½
90 90 90
80 80 80
70 70 70
60 60 60
50 50 50
40 40 40
30 30 30
20 20 20
10 10 10
0
6 0.002 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 2.0 6.0
20 60 300
Particle Size (mm)
FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

CLAY BOULDERS
FRACTION SILT FRACTION SAND FRACTION GRAVEL FRACTION
JOB: SUB SOL INVESTIGATION
Date: JULY, 2018
PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Sample No.: TP 2
OB No. : PLOT NO. 3161,CADASTRAL ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
Depth: 2.0m
PERCENTAGE LATERITE (PASSING SIEVE 200) : 63.5%
LOG SETTING VELOCITY B.S SIEVENUMBERS APERTURE SIZE IN INCHES

5
3
2½
¼
3/8
¾
3/16
IN CM PER SECONDS
1/8
1¼
52
7
14
25
1½
36
18
10
72
1
300
200
150
-2
100
-1
-3
-4
0 1
0
90 90 9
0
80 80 8
0
70 70 7
0
60 60 6
0
50 50 5
0
40 40 4
0
30 30 3
0
20 20 2
0
10 10 1
0
0
0
0.2 0.6 2.0 6.0 20 60 300
.0006 0.002 0.02 0.06
Particle Size (mm)

BOULDERS
CLAY
OB: SUB SOL INVESTIGATION
Date: JULY, 2018
ROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Sample No.: TP 3
B No. : PLOT NO. 3161,CADASTRAL ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
ERCENTAGE LATERITE (PASSING SIEVE 200) : 76% Depth: 2.0m
LOG SETTING VELOCITY

IN CM PER SECONDS B.S SIEVENUMBERS APERTURE SIZE IN INCHES
¼
3/8
1
½
¾
1
52
5
1/8
3/16
3
2
2½
-3
-4
-2
7
25
36
72
300
14
-1
18
1¼
200
150
10
100
1½
100
90 90 90
80 80 80
70 70 70
60 60 60
50 50 50
40 40 40
30 30 30
20 20 20
10 10 10
0
06 0.002 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 2.0 6.0
20 60 300
Particle Size (mm)

CLAY BOULDERS
TABLE 5
SHEAR BOX TEST

PROJECT: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT. SOURCE: SUB-SOIL JOB: LENGTH OF SAMPLE:
LOCATION: PLOT 3161, CAD. ZONE F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA DESCRIPTION: TP1, TP2 & TP3. DIAMETER: 60mm
OPERATOR: SEYI RING FACTOR : 0.025KN DEPTHS: 2.0m.
SAMPLE WT.OF AREA OF VOLUME BULK SWELL MOISTURE LATERAL NORMAL NORMAL DIAL LOAD SHEAR
NO. SAMPLE SAMPLE OF DENSITY (%) CONTENT STRAIN WEIGHT STRESS GUAGE (KN) STRESS
(KG) (MM2) SAMPLE (KG/m3) (%) (%) (KG) (KN/m2) (KN/m2)
(CM3)
TP 1 A 0.1667 0.0028 0.1924 1684 - 23.9 10% 18.4 50 4.7 0.1170 38
B 0.1667 0.0028 0.1924 1684 - 23.9 10% 36.8 100 5.2 0.1294 42
C 0.1667 0.0028 0.1924 1684 - 23.9 10% 73.6 200 6.9 0.1725 56
D 0.1667 0.0028 0.1924 1684 - 23.9 10% 147.2 400 10.6 0.2649 86
TP 2 A 0.1684 0.0028 0.0990 1701 23.9 10% 18.4 50 4.7 0.1263 38

B 0.1684 0.0028 0.0990 1701 23.9 10% 36.8 100 5.7 0.1694 46
C 0.1684 0.0028 0.0990 1701 23.9 10% 73.6 200 8.0 0.2495 65
D 0.1684 0.0028 0.0990 1701 23.9 10% 147.2 400 12.8 0.4497 104
TP 3 A 0.1758 0.0028 0.1776 1870 - 26.4 10% 18.4 50 4.8 0.1201 39

B 0.1758 0.0028 0.1776 1870 - 26.4 10% 36.8 100 4.9 0.1230 40
C 0.1758 0.0028 0.1776 1870 - 26.4 10% 73.6 200 11.4 0.2856 51
D 0.1758 0.0028 0.1776 1870 - 26.4 10% 147.2 400 16.1 0.4032 72

UNDRAINED SHEAR BOX TEST
PROJECT NAME: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEV, PLOT 3161, CAD. ZON F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT-ABUJA
BORE-HOLE No. TP 1 SAMPLE No. 01 DEPTH OF SAMPLE : 0.0 TO 1.5m
NORMAL STRESS 50 100 200 400
38 42 56 86
SHEAR STRESS
CHECK : 1= C + 6tan∅
38 47 65 101
SOIL TYPE SILTY- CLAY SOIL A-7-5
COHESION = 30 Ø = 10 DEGREES
200
SHEAR STRESS KN/m2
150
100
50
50 200 400
100
NORMAL STRESS KN/m2

BORE-HOLE No. TP 02 SAMPLE No. 02 DEPTH OF SAMPLE : 0.0 TO 2.0m
38 46 65 104
SHEAR STRESS
38 50 75 125
SOIL TYPE SILTY- CLAY SOIL A-7-6
200
SHEAR STRESS KN/m2
150
100
50
50 200 400
100
NORMAL STRESS KN/m2

BORE-HOLE No. TP 03 SAMPLE No. 03 DEPTH OF SAMPL : 0.0 TO 2.0m
SHEAR STRESS
39 40 51 72
38 44 56 81
SOIL TYPE LATERITIC STIFF CLAY A-7-6
200
SHEAR STRESS KN/m2
150
100
50
50 200 400
100
NORMAL STRESS KN/m2

ATTERBERG LIMITS TEST DATA
SAMPLE No.: 01 DEPTH : 0 -1.5m JOB No.: OPERATOR: ABBEY DATE: JULY, 2018
Moisture Content = Wt. of Moisture x 100 –m%

Wt. of dry soil
PLASTIC LIMIT
TYPE OF TEST LIQUID LIMIT TEST (L.L) TEST (P.L)
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No. of blows 12 20 16
Container No. 04 09 13 02 06
Wt. of Wet soil + container (gm) 70.5 66.4 63.6 48.3 48.0
Wt. of dry soil + container (gm) 57.1 55.8 55.4 46.7 46.2
Wt. of container (gm) 39.0 40.0 42.0 43.0 42.0
Wt. of moisture (gm) 13.4 10.6 8.2 1.6 1.8
Wt. of dry soil (gm) 18.1 15.8 13.4 3.7 4.2
Moisture content (m) - % 74.0 67.1 61.1 43.2 42.9
50
80
FLOW CURVE
40
60
MO IS TU RE CO N TE NT
30
40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
NUMBER OF BLOWS
SUMMARY
SOIL REF: DESCRIPTION

LIQUID LIMIT: 64%
PLASTIC LIMIT: 43%
PLASTIC INDEX: 21% CASAGRANDE
FLOW INDEX: CLASSIFICATION

SAMPLE No.: 02 DEPTH : 0 -2.0m JOB No.: OPERATOR : ABBEY DATE: JULY, 2018

Wt. of dry soil
PLASTIC LIMIT
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Container No. 7 5 8 01 03
Wt. of moisture (gm) 14.2 10.6 8.0 1.4 1.4
Wt. of dry soil (gm) 20.9 17.4 14.0 3.5 3.5
50
80
FLOW CURVE
40
60
30
40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
NUMBER OF BLOWS
SUMMARY

LIQUID LIMIT: 60%
PLASTIC LIMIT: 40%

PROJECT: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEV. LOCATION: PLOT 3161, CAD. ZONE.F01, KUBWA DISTRICT, FCT- ABUJA
SAMPLE No.: 03 DEPTH : 0 -2.0m JOB No.: OPERATOR : ABBEY DATE: JULY, 2018

Wt. of dry soil
PLASTIC LIMIT
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Container No. 17 21 23 11 10
Wt. of moisture (gm) 16.2 12.4 10.0 1.8 1.9
Wt. of dry soil (gm) 21.0 16.9 14.3 3.8 3.9
50
80
FLOW CURVE
40
60
30
40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
NUMBER OF BLOWS
SUMMARY

LIQUID LIMIT: 72%
PLASTIC LIMIT: 48%

GENERAL SITE VIEW 42
CONNECTED ROAD
ACCESS ROAD TO THE PROPOSED SITE 43

ADJOINING PLOT TO THE PROPOSED SITE
OPPOSITE PLOT TO THE PROPOSED SITE 44

DCP IN PROGRESS
REMOVAL OF ROD 45
DCPT BORED - HOLES 46

Practical Methodology For The Analysis of Soil Report

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Practical Methodology For The Analysis of Soil Report

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Sub Soil Investigation

1. Cover Page --------------------------------------- i-ii

2. Introduction -------------------------------------- 1-13

3. Summary 0f The Test Results ----------------------- 14

4. Bearing Capacity/Recommendation------------------- 15-17

5. Moisture Content ---------------------------------- 18

6. Architectural Site Plan ------------------------------- 19

7. DCP Calibration Table ------------------------------ 20-23

8. DCP Analysis Graphs ------------------------------ 24-28

9. SIEVE Analysis Table/ Graphs ------------------------ 29-34

10. Shear Box Table/Graphs ----------------------- 35-38

11. Liquid Limit Table/Graphs --------------------- 39-41

12. Pictures ------------------------------------ 42-48

It was aimed at determining soil parameters necessary for the foundation

Based on this proposal, DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LIMITED was

The soil samples were examined visually for a general classification of

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 1

Parameters and Geo-technical information deemed necessary for

And soil sample for laboratory analysis is also to give appropriate

Dynamic cone penetration [DCP] equipment was used to perform the

To achieve our primary objective for the sub-soil investigation, a dynamic

The procedure is repeated until the required depth or point of refusal is

SUB – SOIL CONDITION/TOPOGRAPHY

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 2

PHYSICO-GEOGRAPHY OF THE SITE

Atterbarg limits were determined (ASTM D4318) our representative soil

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 3

brittle states of grained soils expressed as water content, in percentage.

The results indicated the soil is moderate stiff clay soil.

UNIT WEIGHT AND WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION

As a routine laboratory test, unit weight of soils was determined based on

Water content (ASTMD2216) was determined by oven-drying a moist/ wet

SHEAR STRENGTH (SHEAR BOX)

Undrained compression shear strength test were conducted in accordance

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 4

Diameter of core cutter = 8.5cm

Height of sample =11.5

Bulk Density = weight of the sample

Unit Weight = 1680 x 10

1021 =1.70 g/cc

Unit weight = 1700x10

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 5

1021 =1.78 g/cc

Unit weight = 1780x10

The allowable bearing pressure imposed by a foundation is a function of

Qu=1.3CNc+¥ (Nq) +0.4¥BNy

Where, Qu = Ultimate Shear Strength

C= Cohesion = 30KN/m², Ø = 10º

Y= Bulk Density = 16.8KN/m³

D= Depth of footing = 1.0m

B= Width of footing = 1.0m

Nc, Nq & Ny = Bearing Capacity Factor=9.5, 2.8 and 0.7 respectively.

Qu=1.3x30x9.5+ (16.8x9.5) + (0.4x16.8x1x0.7)

DE JULADOD GEO-SOVE LTD 6

Qu=1.3CNc+¥ (Nq) +0.4¥BNy

Where, Qu = Ultimate Shear Strength

C= Cohesion = 25KN/m², Ø = 14º

Y= Bulk Density = 17.0KN/m³

D= Depth of footing = 1.0m

B= Width of footing = 1.0m

Nc, Nq & Ny = Bearing Capacity Factor=10.37, 3.59 and 2.29 respectively.

Qu=1.3x25x10.37+ (17.0x3.59) + (0.4x17.0x2.29)

Qu=1.3CNc+¥ (Nq) +0.4¥BNy