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CHN Module 1
CHN Module 1
What is health?
1. Health-illness continuum model
Health is a dynamic state at any point between optimal wellness and death; a balance
between internal and external environments
Holistic as it reflects physical, emotional, intellectual, developmental, social and spiritual
dimensions
2. High-level wellness model
model recognizes health as an ongoing process toward a person’s highest potential of
functioning
3. Agent-host-environment (Epidemiologic) model
The agent, host and environment interact in ways that create risk factors, and understanding
these is important for the promotion and maintenance of health
4. Health belief model
People take preventive actions if the three conditions exist:
Seriousness of the disease
Susceptibility to the disease
Cost effectiveness of the preventive action
5. Evolutionary-based model
Illness and death sometimes serve an evolutionary purpose
6. Health promotion model
refers to the policies, activities and codes of practice aimed that positively enhancing well-
being
7. WHO definition
Not merely the absence of disease
The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
A social phenomenon
An outcome of the interplay of biological, physical, ecological, political, economic, and socio-
cultural factors
What is community health?
- part of paramedical and medical intervention/approach which is concerned on the health of the
whole population
- aims:
1. promotion of health
2. prevention of diseases
3. management of factors affecting health
Individual APPLIED STUDY Community
Anatomy Structure Demography
Physiology Function Sociology
Pathology Malfunction Epidemiology
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Screening Methods:
mass screening
case-finding
contact-tracing
multi-phasic screening
surveillance
Characteristics of an ideal screening test:
High sensitivity
High specificity
TERTIARY LEVEL OF DISEASE PREVENTION
- Comes into play when a defect or disability is fixed. Rehabilitation goal is more than halting the
disease process itself’ it is restoring the individual to an optimum level of functioning within the
constraints of disability.
Methods of Tertiary Prevention:
o Diagnosis
o Treatment
o Management
o Rehabilitation
3 Levels of Prevention
PRIMARY LEVEL SECONDARY LEVEL TERTIARY LEVEL
Health Promotion and Prevention of Complications Prevention of Disability, etc.
Illness Prevention thru Early Dx and Tx
Provided at – ► When hospitalization is ► When highly-specialized
► Health care/RHU deemed necessary and medical care is necessary
► Brgy. Health Stations referral is made to ► referrals are made to
►Main Health Center emergency (now district), hospitals and medical
►Community Hospital and provincial or regional or center such as PGH, PHC,
Health Center private hospitals POC, National Center for
►Private and Semi-private Mental Health, and other
agencies gov’t private hospitals at
the municipal level
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
Continuous and sustained process of raising the level of awareness, organizing and mobilizing
Levels of Awareness:
Political socialization
Political mobilization
Interest aggregation
Interest articulation
Culture of silence/passivity
Basic concepts and principles:
1. objective analysis of objective conditions
2. basic trust on the people
3. from, for, by and with the people
4. people want and can change
5. self-willed changes are more meaningful and permanent than imposed changes
Context of CO: Current situation
Goal of CO: Community development
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PHC was declared in the ALMA ATA CONFERENCE in 1978, as a strategy to community health
development. It is a strategy aimed to provide essential health care that is:
Community-based
Accessible
Part and parcel of the total socio-economic development effort of the nation
Acceptable
Sustainable at an affordable cost.
Framework:
People’s Empowerment and Partnership is the Key Strategy to achieve the goal, “Health For all Filipinos by
the year 2000 And Health in the Hands of the People by the year 2020”
WHAT DOES ESSENTIAL HEALTH CARE IN PHC MEANS?
It stands for: Education of prevailing Health Problems
Locally-endemic Disease Prevention and Control
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10 MEDICINAL PLANTS:
Lagundi Sambong
Ulasaming-Bato Ampalaya
Bawang Niyog-niyogan
Bayabas Tsaang gubat
Yerba-buena Akapulko
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