Political science

1. A quote from Leviathan, Chapter XX on absolute sovereignty.

In chapter XX of the book, the leviathan, Hobbes leviathan quote about sovereignty states that “It

is, therefore, belong then to the sovereign to prescribe the rules of discerning Good and evil and

thus in Him is the Legislative power. According to the quote, sovereign power is only acquired

through force, primarily when people together through their voices authorizes all the authorities of

the man In power and whom all their liberty lies to. Such type of sovereignty occurs when people

choose the kind of power to govern them for one another instead of him whom they institute.

2. A quote from discourses, Book I, chapter IV on the demands of a free people and the

cause of liberty.

The quote in this books comes from the book, the prince discourses. The quote made by

Machiavelli says, “Who are the better guardians of Liberty, the nobility or the people”. Machiavelli

explains the course of liberty in three central regions. These regions are Sparta, Venice and Rome.

Machiavelli project is aimed at uniting Italy, which contained states which were a republic. In

conclusion, he decides that people are the reliable protectors of the liberty they enjoy.
 3. A quote from the second Treatise, chapter illon the distinction between the state of

nature and the state of war.

The quote is from the book, The Two treaties of Government. In the quote, John Locke, says

that war is a state of “enmity and destruction”. He further says that it comes as a result of one

person's pre-meditated attempts upon his or her fellow's life. John Locke also talks about the state

of nature. He says that in society, the war ends when the “actual force is over". This is because

both warring parties can opt to approach the common authorities to resolve their differences

through arbitration. On the other hand, nature continues and ends only if the aggressive part of

the war opts to offer peace as well as reparations for the destruction as a result of the war. John

Locke says that a state of war emerges the common authority fails to behave in a justice manner

as well as the arbitrating power has also violated the laws of nature and justice.

4. A quote from the prince, chapter XII on good laws and good armies.

The quote comes from the book; the prince by Niccole Machiavelli. Machiavelli says that

the prince in this aspect must establish a “sound foundations, or he will “come to grief". The

author, Machiavelli, discusses how a nation can prepare itself for war or any attack. A state

is built on the foundation of good laws as well as good armies. The author further shows the

relationship between the two by stating that it is impossible to have good laws without good

armies. Likewise, it is impossible to have good troops without good laws. However, he

concentrates more on strong armies and ignores the good laws since they are inevitably

following good armies.

 5. A quote from Leviathan, Chapter XXI on liberty.

The quote comes from the book Leviathan, authored by Thomas Hobbes. His words say that

“A sick or lame man's Liberty to go is impotence, and not power or liberty." It is an easy thing for

men to be deceived by the precious name of liberty. In these quotes, Thomas Hobbes explains

what is required by the disabled men in society to bear arms and fight a common enemy. Those

who refuse to participate in this war may face penalization. Some, are killed since the sovereignty

ability to offer protection to his subjects is linked to commonwealth safety as well. He further

suggests that men do have factors that push them things that are beneficial to them. However, in

the long run, the upholding of the commonwealth is considered more than the safety of an

individual.

Section B :( short Essay each reflective writing)

 B: 1. the prince- could the book offer acceptable guidance to modern-day leaders?

What about our liberal democratic sensitive?

The book, the prince, authored modern leaders can use Nicolo Machiavelli for guidance in

various ways. The current day leaders need to look at the lesson from this book both on two angles;

the negative and positive aspect of the leadership themes displayed in the book. The book contains

positive and negative aspects of which current leaders can draw the guidance required nowadays.

For instance, in the book, the main character, Machiavelli, displays a cutthroat cunning

behaviour in technology firms. Such type of practices in the technology field possesses the barrier

to market entry. What modern-day leaders can learn is that they need to strive for effective

resources utilization to overcome market entry challenge and also gain a competitive advantage

over others. Another aspect shown in the book is where it separates power from ethics. The book

tries to show that good character is not enough for effective leadership. It can be seen that such

kind of leaders is only aimed at being effective while ignoring moral goodness as well as

effectiveness. It should be known that morality and ethical behaviour in any business work hand

in hand. Besides, the book may not be significant to the modern-day leaders since the authors

concentrated more on politicians that struggled with “dirty hand issues”. Contrary to our

expectation, where we expect it to be of great help to the general leadership aspect of society.

2. Locke's right to revolution and opposition to absolute Government. How would

Hobbes respond to Locke?

 John Locke’s right to revolution and opposition to absolute Government is strengthened by

his claim that human nature allowed people to be selfish. All people in society are independent,

and each one of us has the right to protect his life, health, freedom and rights as well as possessions.

His r right to revolution stands in this claim that, any form of Government that does not protect

the rights of the people to whom they have been chosen by deserves to be removed in power by

the same people and be replaced with a more legitimate one.

However, Thomas Hobbes does not agree with John Locke’s claim but suggests that the

best and the only form of Government that should govern people in society is an absolute

monarchy. The monarchical government type is one which John Locke is against but stands on the

power to choose the kind of Government which can protect individuals rights regardless of where

the representatives come from as long they are capable of leading a nation. Thomas Hobbes

pessimistic view defends the monarchical Government since the king has supreme power over his

subjects. Furthermore, according to Hobbes, people should not have a right to rebel against

authority.
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