LIST

LISTOF
OFFIGURES
FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO: NO:

1.1 Typical image of an air bearing 3

1.2 Typical image of an air foil bearing 4
1.3 Al-Cu phase diagram 7
1.4 Flow chart of powder metallurgy 8
1.5 Components produced by powder metallurgy 9
1.6 Mechanism of high energy ball milling 10
1.7 [a]Planetary milling 11
[b]Mechanism inside the milling equipment
1.8 Schematic diagram for powder metallurgy 14
1.9 Steps in age-hardening 17
3.1 [a] As-cast microstructure of Fe-Ni-Ti system
[b] The enthalpy temperature diagram for the Ni- 26
Ti system
3.2 Schematic diagram of Vickers hardness tester 32
3.3 [a]Vickers hardness tester
[b]Schematic diagram for calculating Vickers 33
hardness
4.1 Pin/ball- on – disc Tribometer 38
4.2 Nd: YAG pulsed laser deposition equipment 39
4.3.1 Schematic diagram of X-ray diffraction 40
4.3.2 Schematic diagram of X-ray beam incident on a 40
crystallographic material
4.3.3 X-ray diffractometer 41
4.3.4 Photograph of the sample holder 41
4.4 Schematic representation of FE-SEM 44
4.5 Schematic representation of energy dispersive X- 45
ray spectroscopy
4.6
4.7 Scanning electron microscopy 46
4.8 Optical microscope 48
5.1.1 XRD patterns of ternary and binary alloy powders 50
5..1.2 XRD patterns for Al-Cu with and without WS2 53
5.2.1 Splitting of peaks for the alloys of ternary and 57
binary systems
5.2.2 Size distribution of the ternary and binary alloys 60
5.3.1 1066- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 62
5.3.2 1067- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 62
5.3.3 1068- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 62
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
NO: NO:
5.3.4 1069- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 63
5.3.5 1070- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 63
5.3.6 1071- EDS of ternary (Fe-Ni-Ti) system 64
5.3.7 EDS of coarse grain Al-Cu 64
5.3.8 EDS of fine grain Al-Cu 65
5.3.9 EDS of coarse grain Al-Cu-5%WS2 65
5.3.10 EDS of coarse grain Al-Cu-10%WS2 65
5.3.11 EDS of fine grain Al-Cu-5%WS2 66
5.3.12 EDS of fine grain Al-Cu-10%WS2 66
5.3.13 EDS of Al-5%WS2 67
5.3.14 EDS of Al-10%WS2 67
5.3.15 EDS of Al-20%WS2 68
5.4.1 SEM images of Al-WS2 69
5.4.2 SEM images of Al-Cu-WS2 70
5.5.1 The co-efficient of friction of Al-Cu with and 72
without WS2
5.5.2 The co-efficient of friction of Al-WS2 72
5.6.1 Optical analysis of aged samples of
[a] coarse grain Al-Cu-10%WS2 74
[b]Fine grain Al-Cu-10%WS2
[c]Fine grain Al-Cu
5.6.2 Microstructure of
[a]Al-20%WS2 75
[b]Al-10%WS2
[c] Al-5%WS2
5.6.3 Microstructure of
[a]Fine grain Al-Cu 76
[b]Fine grain Al-Cu-5%WS2
[c]Fine grain Al-Cu-10%WS2