ûgvqyb AvRv` †Kvb A‡_© KZUv cÖ_vwe‡ivax?

†gvnv¤§` AvRg

Aa¨vcK ûgvqyb AvRv` _vW© Bqv‡i Avgv‡`i Zzjbvg~jK I HwZnvwmK fvlvweÁvb cov‡Zb| 1996 mv‡ji w`‡K| c‡ii
¯§„wZi mv‡_ ¸wj‡q bv †d‡j cwi®‥vi g‡b Ki‡Z cviwQ, Avgiv Zuv‡K ZviKv-wkÿK wnmv‡eB †`LZvg| DcjwäUv Zuvi
cov‡bv †_‡K nqwb| cov‡bvi e¨vcv‡i Avm‡j Zuvi we‡kl AvMÖn wQj bv| QvÎQvÎx‡`i e¨vcv‡iI bq| wb‡f©Rvj wbivmw³ gy‡L
Gu‡K wZwb K¬ v‡m Avm‡Zb| wb‡Ri eB Ly‡j cov‡Zb| MvjMí Ki‡Zb bv| wb‡Ri †Xvj wcUv‡Zb bv| Z‡e wZwb †h wewkó
Avi †mB wewkóZv GB K¬v‡m cvidi‡g‡Ýi Ici wbf©ikxj bq, †m †evaUv Zuvi mg¯Í D”Pvi‡Y GKvKvi n‡q †j‡M _vKZ|
wm‡jevm †kl Kivi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi AvMÖn wQj| gv‡SB gv‡SB g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡Zb, Ae©vPxb †KvgjgwZ‡`i cwo‡q wZwb
ev‡Rfv‡e mgq-LiPv Ki‡Qb| K_vUv wZwb KvD‡K LyuwP‡q PvwM‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ ej‡Zb bv| Avgv‡`i e¨vcv‡i Zuvi wbg©g -
wbivmw³ †kl ch©šÍ eRvq wQj|

wKš‘ Avgiv Zuv‡K cQ›` KiZvg| Avgiv gv‡b m¤¢eZ K¬v‡mi AwaKvsk †Q‡j‡g‡q bq| ZL‡bv wkÿv_©xgn‡j Zuvi RbwcÖqZv
Zz‡½ I‡Vwb| ï‡bwQ Av‡Mi eQi¸‡jv‡Z Ae¯’v Av‡iv A‡bK Lvivc wQj| weKí †Kv‡m© Zu vi K¬v‡m Lye Kg msL¨K QvÎQvÎx
bvg †jLvZ| K¬ v‡m †KD †KD bvix-cÖ‡kœ ev ag©-cÖ‡kœ Zu v‡K P¨v‡jÄ Qzu‡o w`‡q‡Q Ñ Ggb Mí evsjv wefv‡Mi Kwi‡Wv‡i cÖvqB
†kvbv †hZ| Avgv‡`i c‡ii eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi RbwcÖqZv †e‡owQj| wb‡Pi K¬v‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i AšÍZ GKvs‡ki Avjvc ï‡b
g‡b n‡q‡Q, Zuv‡K A‡b‡KB we‡kl BwWIjwRi g~wZ©gvb cÖKvk wnmv‡e Av‡e‡Mi mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡`i Ae¯’v wQj `y‡qi
gvSvgvwS| ZLb Zu vi bvix eQi Pv‡i‡Ki †``vi RbwcÖqZv †fvM K‡i ev‡Rqvß n‡q †M‡Q| cÖePb¸”Q Avi wKQz †P․Km
mvÿvrKv‡ii L¨vwZ †Zv wQjB| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A¨vKv‡WwgK KvR¸‡jvi Lei †ewk PvDi bv n‡jI, Zuvi msev`g~j¨ ZLbB h‡_ó
Pov| d‡j Avgiv hviv evRv‡ii nvIqv LvwbKUv n‡jI Mv‡q gvwL‡qwQ ev †Kv‡bv-GKw`b evRv‡i DVe e‡j g‡b g‡b †f‡ewQ,
AvRv`‡K cQ›` Kivi e¨vcv‡i Zviv wbðqB GKUv evowZ Pvc Abyfe KiZvg| Zuvi K¬vmiæ‡gi QvÎ n‡Z cviv †h †Kv‡bv
mvaviY NUbv bq, G †eva Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki wQj| e‡j ivLv fv‡jv, Avwg Zuvi K¬ vmI cQ›` K‡iwQjvg| D”Pvi‡Yi †h
evovevwo-iK‡gi ¯^vZš¿¨ Avi cÖZ¨q Zuvi L¨vwZi g~‡j, K¬v‡mI Zv †Ui cvIqv †hZ| Zuvi ev‡K¨ ZxÿèZv wQj| ejvi K_vUv
Avi fw½Uv cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©B Rvwb‡q w`Z, Bwb Avi †KD bb, ûgvqyb AvRv`|

Avgiv Avm‡j Zuv‡K wfbœ ai‡bi gvbyl wnmv‡eB †`LZvg| wZwb Avi `kR‡bi g‡Zv bb; Zuvi fvebvi aib Avi ejevi fw½
Avjv`v n‡eB Ñ GiKg GKUv aviYv wb‡qB Avgiv Zuvi K_v ïbZvg| aviYvUv Zuvi †jLv c‡o wKsev Zuvi m¤ú‡K© evRv‡i
†hme cÖwmw× Lye Pvjy, Zv †_‡K Av‡MB •Zwi wQj| wZwb K¬vm wbw”Q‡jb| cwð‡gi Rvbvjv w`‡q †`Lv hvw”Qj, gjPZ¡‡i we¯Íi
euvk R‡ov Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZLb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cwienY ms¯’vi D‡`¨v‡M evwl©K KbmvU© nZ| ZviB Av‡qvRb PjwQj| wZwb
†mw`‡K ZvKv‡jb| ej‡jb, wek¦w e`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© nIqvi K_v †Kv‡bv bvwg cwЇZi| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i GLv‡b Zv nq bv|
GLv‡b wfwmiv euv‡ki Kvievi K‡ib| G wfwm‡K ejv hvq euv k-wfwm| †gvUvgywU G K_v¸‡jv Zuvi wewkó cÖjw¤^Z D”PviYfw½‡Z
wZwb ej‡jb| Avgiv cÖvYf‡i nvmjvg| fvejvg, Zuvi GiKgB ejvi K_v| wZwb KvD‡K cvËv †`‡eb bv| Kv‡iv gyL †P‡q
K_v ej‡eb bv| wbg©g mZ¨ Abvqv‡mB D”PviY Ki‡eb| wZwb ZLb †Pqvig¨vb| QvÎQvÎx‡`i bexbeiY Abyôvb nw”Qj
wUGmwm AwW‡Uvwiqv‡g| mfvcwZi e³…Zvq wZwb †ek wKQz †K․ZzK ej‡jb| †K․Zz‡K Avw`im gvLv‡bv wQj| c‡i wb‡Ri
KweZv co‡jb `yB Uv| †cÖ‡gi KweZv| covi Av‡M ej‡jb: MZ K`k‡K evsjv fvlvq †h KqUv AvaywbK †cÖ‡gi KweZv †jLv
n‡q‡Q, Zvi meKwUi †jLK ûgvqyb AvRv`| Zuvi cov KweZv `y‡Uv‡ZI Ôï‡bwQ †m bvwK AvavwgwbUI Pl‡Z cv‡i bvÕ ai‡bi
DmKvwb wQj| Avgiv wegj Avb›` †cjvg| Avb‡›`i Drm †Kej eqmRwbZ wQj bv| njfiv QvÎQvÎx‡`i mvg‡b G ai‡bi
†K․ZzK-KweZv cwi‡ekb †h hvi-Zvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq, AvRv‡`i c‡ÿ m¤¢e Ges wZwb Zv K‡i‡Qb Ñ GB Abyfe Avgv‡`i
AwaKZi Avbw›`Z K‡iwQj| IB eQiB m¤¢e Z, cqjv •ekv‡Li Abyôvb nw”Qj Kjvfe‡bi mvg‡bi eUZjvq| AvRv` g‡Â
DV‡jb| ej‡jb, evOvwj bvP‡Z Rv‡b bv, A‡b¨i bvP `¨v‡L; Avb›` D`hvcb Ki‡Z Rv‡b bv, A‡b¨i Avb›` †`‡LB Zvi myL
BZ¨vw`| e³…Zv †kl K‡i wb‡P bvg‡jb| mvg‡bi mvwii gvSvgvwS Zu vi †Pqv‡i em‡jb Ges wmMv‡iU awi‡q Av‡qwm fw½‡Z
†auvqv Qvo‡jb| Zuvi Wv‡b-euv‡q wmwbqi Aa¨vcKiv wQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i GKRb D‡V mfv †_‡K †ewi‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z ej‡jb,
†eqv`e| †ewk AvIqvR K‡i e‡jbwb| wKš‘ Avgiv Abygvb Kijvg, Avgiv †hgb ï‡bwQ, AvRv`I †Zgwb ï‡b‡Qb| Z‡e
AvRv` cvËv w`‡jb bv| cy‡iv e¨vcviUv Ñ AvRv‡`i e³…Zvmn Ñ Avgiv K‡qKRb †ek Dc‡fvM Kijvg| IB Aa¨vc‡Ki
cÖwZwµqv Avi AvRv‡`i wµqv `y‡UvB Avgv‡`i Av‡Q ¯^vfvweK g‡b n‡qwQj| Avgiv AvRv`‡K cÖ_vwe‡ivax wnmv‡eB MÖnY
K‡iwQjvg| ï‡bwQ, wmwbqi Avi mgeqmx‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi wLwUwgwU †j‡MB _vKZ| Zuv‡`i A‡bK‡KB ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, AvRv‡`i
G ai‡bi K_v Avi AvPiY cÖPviYvi †K‡›`ª _vKvi †K․kj Qvov wKQz bq| Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q wKš‘ cy‡iv e¨vcviUv wQj Zuvi
e¨w³‡Z¡i Ask; e¨w³‡Z¡i G w`KUv Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri Rb¨ weij Avi `iKvwi, †m Kvi‡YB m¤§vbRbK|

AvRv` cÖm‡½ ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivaxÕ K_vUv cÖPwjZ nIqvi GKUv Drm wQj Zuvi eB‡qi d¬¨vc| d¬¨v‡ci M`¨fw½ wbf©yjfv‡e mvÿ¨ †`q,
K_v¸‡jv Zuvi wb‡RiB †jLv| c‡i wbe©vwPZ cÖeÜ [AvMvgx, 1999] eB‡qi f~wgKvq wZwb eûevi ejv K_v¸‡jv Av‡iKevi
e‡jb: ÔAvwg cÖ_vMZ _vwK wb †Kv‡bv GjvKvq; evOvwj cÖ_vq myL I ¯^w¯Í cvq, Avwg cvB wb| Avgvi me ai‡bi †jLvq, Ges
cÖe‡Ü, Zvi cwiPq i‡q‡Q| ... Avgvi †jLv wb‡q bvbv weZK© ev‡a, wbwl×I nq; G¸‡jv myLKi bq cÖ_vi Kv‡Q|Õ G e¨vcv‡i
mvaviYfv‡e Ab¨‡`i m¤§wZ wQj; Am¤§wZiI Afve wQj bv| wKš‘ †KD †Kv_vI ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK `„w ófw½‡Z ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivaxÕ
K_vUvi myjyKmÜvb K‡iwb| K_vUv wK mvaviY A‡_© e¨eüZ nw”Qj, bvwK AvRv‡`i †ÿ‡Î Gi †Kv‡bv we‡kl msÁv •Zwi
n‡q‡Q, Zv †KD weP‡o †`‡Lwb| †`Lvi `iKvi wQj| ÔcÖ_vÕ K_vUv‡K †h A‡_©B †`Lv †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi †hvM AZxZ Avi
eZ©gv‡bi mv‡_| †mw`K †_‡K ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivwaZvÕ K_vUvi †hvM n‡e eZ©gvb Avi fwel¨‡Zi mv‡_| †h †Kv‡bv ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivwaZvÕ
Avm‡j fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢ve¨ ÔcÖ_vÕ gvÎ| mgvRcÖMwZi avivµ‡gi mv‡_ Gi †hvM| d‡j e¨vcviUv‡K, hw` mwZ¨B G bvgvq‡bi
†Kv‡bviKg Zvrch© †_‡K _v‡K, e¨w³ ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i g‡a¨ mxwgZ K‡i ivLvi my‡hvM bvB| e„nËi mgvR ev AšÍZ †kÖwY -
we‡k‡li ch©v‡jvPbvi Ask wnmv‡eB Zv cvV¨|

wKš‘ G ai‡bi cv‡Vi †Kv‡bv Bkviv GLb ch©šÍ Lye GKUv †`Lv hvqwb| Avm‡j AvRv‡`i eB¸‡jvi cÖv_wgK ai‡bi wiwfqy¨B
nqwb| Zu vi RxeÏkvq wiwfqy¨ bv nIqvi GKUv †QvÆ KviY wQj| †KD cviZc‡ÿ Zuvi weivMfvRb n‡Z PvB‡Zb bv| KviY,
Zuvi wRnŸv Avi Kj‡g h‡_ó avi wQj, Avi aviUv wQj wbg©g| wKš‘ wZwb †Zv cÖfvekvjx †jLK wQ‡jb| Zuvi †jLv hZB ¯^Zš¿
¯^‡ii †nvK bv †Kb, wZwb †Zv ¯^q¤¢y bb| ZuviI BwZnvm Av‡Q, wPšÍvi MwZcÖev‡ni g‡a¨ Zuvi we‡kl n‡q IVvi wPý Av‡Q|
G¸‡jvi ZË¡Z vjvk mvgvwRK M‡elYviB Ask| e¨w³fRbv Avi e¨w³wb›`vi evB‡ii G GK Riæwi KvR| G KvRUv †h n‡q
I‡Vwb Zvi KviY XvKvi mvs¯‥…wZK Mwiwe| GLvbKvi cvVc×wZ fvwi cÿwecÿwbf©i | Kx ej‡Qb Zvi Zzjbvq †K ej‡Qb Zv
kbv³ Kivi cÖeYZvB G ms¯‥…wZi g~j •ewkó¨| d‡j cÿ †LuvRv Ges evRv‡i †Ru‡K emv MvjMí I wg‡_ mIqvi nIqv
mvaviYfv‡e GLvbKvi g~j cvV-cÖeYZv| eZ©gvb wbe‡Üi cÖavb jÿ¨ MvjM‡íi AšÍZ GKavc Mfx‡i wM‡q AvRv‡`i
iPbvewji mvs¯‥…wZK Aa¨qb| Zuvi iPbvewji g~j¨vqb G iPbvi jÿ¨ bq, hw`I g~j¨vqbag©x wKQz gšÍe¨I Av‡Q| mgvR-
ms¯‥…wZ cv‡Vi Ask wnmv‡e ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivwaZvÕi RvZKzj †evSvi Rb¨ GLv‡b Zu vi iPbvewji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKvs‡ki mvnvh¨ †bqv
n‡q‡Q|

2
mvwnZ¨, we‡klZ KweZv, Ges fvlv Ñ G `ywU AvRv‡`i gbbkxj M‡`¨i cÖavb GjvKv| wkíKjvi wegvbweKxKiY I Ab¨vb¨
cÖeÜ [BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 1988] eB‡qi f~wgKvq cvB G ai‡bi eY©bv: Ô ... Avgvi `ywU cÖavb cÖeYZv: KweZvi cÖwZ
Avgvi AbyivM, I fvlvi cÖwZ Avgvi weÁvbgb¯‥ AvMÖn|Õ Zuvi wbe© vwPZ cÖeܸ‡jvI ÔcÖavbZ fvlv I mvwnZ¨welqKÕ| A_©vr G
`yB GjvKvi ch©v‡jvPbv ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡e|
mvwnZ¨gva¨g¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ûgvqyb AvRv` cÖavbZ KweZv wb‡qB wj‡L‡Qb| KweZvi Z‡Ë¡ Zuvi AvMÖn wQj Ges we‡køl Y I
BwZnvm-cÖYq‡bI| bvUK ev †QvUMí Zuvi we‡køl‡Yi welq nqwb| Dcb¨vm wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb Kg; ÔGKz‡ki †PZbv I wZb
`k‡Ki Dcb¨vmÕ ev Ôbvix‡`i bvixiv: bvix‡`i Dcb¨v‡m bvixfveg~wZ©Õ cÖf…wZ cÖe‡Ü covi myL Avi Zxÿè gšÍe¨ cvIqv hvq
†ek| hw`I Dcb¨vm-e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwimi wZwb †bbwb KL‡bv| wkíKjvi Zzjbvq Ab¨Zi AbymÜvbB Gme iPbvq
cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| †jLv¸‡jv‡Z GKai‡bi `ªæZZv Av‡Q, †hbev †jLvi Kv‡j we¯Ívi-we‡køl‡Yi e`‡j `ª æZ †kl Kivi
AvKv•ÿvUvB cÖej wQj| KweZvi †ÿ‡Î GiKg †`Lv hvq bv| KweZv-welqK A‡bK iPbv‡ZB wZwb we¯Íviag©x| Z_¨-DcvË
msMÖ‡n K¬vwšÍnxb Avi msM„nxZ Dcv`vb we‡kølY Kiv ev ¸wQ‡q Dc¯’vcb Kivi †ÿ‡Î Cl©Yxq iK‡gi •ah© kxj| Zuvi GKgvÎ
c~Y©v½ mgv‡jvPbvag©x MÖš’ kvgmyi ivngvb: wbtm½ †kicv [AvMvgx, 2004 (1983)] Gi fv‡jv D`vniY|

G eB‡Z GKRb cwikÖgx M‡elK Avi Av‡eMx-gbbkxj Kve¨cvV‡Ki mw¤§jb N‡U‡Q| eBwUi Kve¨we‡kølYc×wZ m¤¢eZ Lye
cÖksmbxq bq| KviY, GLv‡b KweZvi kixi Avi gb‡K Avjv`v K‡i cÖvq AvjMv Dcv`vb wnmv‡e cov n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK
KweZv, we‡klZ wZwi‡ki KweZv, we‡klfv‡e myax›`ª bv_ `Ë †_‡K KweZvi kixi AwaK g~j¨ cvIqvi ZvwË¡K DmKvwb †`Lv
hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki Kve¨mgv‡jvPbvq Gi dj n‡q‡Q †kvPbxq| •mq` Avjx Avnmvb Avi nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi AmvaviY
mvd‡j¨i c‡i, cÖavbZ GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`‡k Kve¨-Av‡jvPbvi gvbm¤§Z aviv M‡o I‡Vwb| hvB †nvK, GB
mxgve×Zv m‡Ë¡I AvRv‡`i MÖš’wU g~j¨evb| GwU GZ wek` Avi cwikÖgmv‡cÿ, e¨w³-cvV‡Ki mv‡_ mgv‡jvP‡Ki †hvM GLv‡b
GZB AšÍi½, Avi wm×všÍ¸‡jv GZ cwi”Qbœ e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ M‡`¨ Dc¯’vwcZ †h, G‡K D‡cÿv Kiv m¤¢e bq| eBwU‡Z AvRv`
kvgmyi ivngvb‡K Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb wZwi‡ki, Zu vi fvlvq, †`e`~ZM‡Yi wek¦¯Í mvM‡i` wnmv‡e; GKBmv‡_ ivngv‡bi
ev¯ÍewjßZv‡KI mm¤§v‡b AuvwU‡q wb‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri cvVc×wZi g‡a¨| G `y‡UvB Avm‡j ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i Kve¨we‡kø l‡Yi cÖavb
†ÿÎ|

AvRv` g~jZ Avayw bKZvev`x mvwnZ¨Z‡Ë¡i GKvs‡ki LwiÏvi| G e¨vcv‡i Zuvi mZZv Ges PwiÎevbZv cÖkœvZxZ| ïiæ †_‡K
†kl ch©šÍ cÖvq weeZ©bnxbfv‡e wZwb G avivi PP©v K‡i‡Qb| kvgmyi ivngvb‡K wb‡q †jLv eBwU wZwb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb eyׇ`e
emy‡K| DrmM©c‡Î eyׇ`e emy‡K AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb Ôevsjv fvlvq Avayw bKZvi wkÿKÕ wnmv‡e| eyׇ`e emy m¤¢eZ evsjvfvlx
A‡j PwP©Z me ai‡bi mvwnwZ¨K AvaywbKZvi wkÿK bb| Z‡e AvRv` †h Avayw bKZvi PP©v K‡i‡Qb, Zvi wkÿK †Zv e‡UB|
Lye Mfxi A‡_©| mgvR-ivRbxwZ‡K ev` w`‡q e¨w³we‡k¦i RwUj-Mfxi e¨vcKZv Avwe®‥viB eyׇ`e emyi Kv‡Q Kve¨ Ges
Kve¨we‡køl‡Yi g~j e¨vcvi| b›`bZvwË¡K evULviv †mLv‡b wek¦Rbxb| †h †`k-Kv‡j PwP©Z n‡”Q KweZv, Zvi f~wgKv G‡Kev‡iB
†M․Y| †m †M․Y f~wgKvI Avevi ivR‣bwZK-mvgvwRK BwZnv‡mi bq, †Lv` mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡mi| G ai‡bi b›`bZ‡Ë¡i cÖwZ
AvRv‡`i Pig cÿcvZ †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q ÔwkíKjvi wegvbweKxKiYÕ, Ôga¨v‡ýi Ajm MvqK: †ivgvw›UK ewniw¯’Z iex›`ªbv_Õ
cÖf…wZ cÖe‡Ü| cÖv_wgKfv‡e Gme cÖe‡Ü †NvwlZ we‡kl g‡Zi ZxeªZv‡K eyׇ`e emyi Zzjbvg~jK cÖk¯Í b›`b‡ev‡ai mv‡_
wgjnxb g‡b n‡e| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` emyi e`‡jqvi-Abyev‡`i f~wgKv-cÖeÜ wKsev m½ wbtm½Zv iex›`ªbv_ eB‡qi ÔcÖK…wZÕ
cÖf…wZ cÖeÜ ch©v‡jvPbv Kwi, Zvn‡j `yB ‡qi Mfxi mvhyR¨ m¤ú‡K© mskq _vK‡e bv|

ûgvqyb AvRv` Aek¨ †`kKvjwjß Kve¨aviv m¤ú‡K©I we¯Íi wj‡L‡Qb| ÔKweZv I ivRbxwZÕ, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki KweZvi cÖMwZkxj
I cÖMwZwe‡ivax avivÕ, Ôfvlv-Av‡›`vjb-c~e© (1947-1952) KweZvi •kwíK I mvgvwRK PvwiΨÕ, Ôfvlv-Av‡›`vjb-c~e©
(1947-1952) evOjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ wea„Z mgv‡Ri iƒc: evOvwji ¯^cœ I ¯^cœf½Õ BZ¨vw` cÖeÜ Ges mgag©x eB fvlv-
Av‡›`vjb: mvwnwZ¨K cUf~wg [1992]-†Z AvRv` wjß Kve¨avivi e¨vL¨v-we‡køl Y K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jvi AwaKvskB e¨wqZ n‡q‡Q
mswkøó Kve¨aviv‡K bvKP Kivi Kv‡R; Z‡e cÖksmvm~PK evK¨ ev Aby‡”Q`I Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv m¤ú‡K© GKUv
cÖwZwôZ gZ GB †h, G KweZv hZUv AšÍP©vix Zvi‡P‡q A‡bK †ewk ewnP©vix; Avi G Rb‡Mvôxi Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvggyLi
ev¯ÍeZv G Kve¨‣ewk‡ó¨i Drm| †`Lv hv‡”Q, AvRv` B”Qvq-Awb”Qvq G ev¯ÍeZvq mvov w`‡q‡Qb| ÔKweZv wK I †K‡bvÕ cÖe‡Ü
wZwb KweZvi Rb¨ ixwZg‡Zv A‡bK¸‡jv KvR mve¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb| hw`I G cÖe‡Ü Ges Ab¨ A‡bK RvqMvq Zu vi A¯^w¯Í cwi®‥vi:
ev¯Í‡ei †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z wM‡q ÔRxeb I cÖwZfv I KweZv meB Kg‡ewk ÿwZMÖ¯Í| hw` my¯’ Rxeb cvIqv †h‡Zv, Zvn‡j
Avgv‡`i KweZv Ab¨ †¯ªv‡Z eB‡Zv; Zv nq‡Zv n‡q DV‡Zv ¯Íe ev Mvb ev †jv‡KvËi †køv KÕ| G RvZxq AvnvRvwii e¨vcKZv
cÖgvY K‡i ZË¡xqfv‡e KweZvi ev mvwn‡Z¨i GB `yB f~wgKv‡K wZwb mgwš^Z Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ Zuvi G RvZxq iPbvi Ñ
mvwnZ¨‡Kw›`ªK I Ab¨wea Ñ cÖvPzh© cÖgvY K‡i, wb‡Ri A‡MvP‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨PP©vi g~javivwU Zuvi gvbmcÖeYZviB
Ask wQj| kvgmyi ivngv‡bi g‡a¨ G `yB ‡qi `y `©všÍ mgš^q †`‡L‡Qb e‡jB GZUv HKvwšÍKZvq wZwb ivngv‡bi KweZv co‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb|

Lye ms‡ÿ‡c Dc‡i ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i mvwnZ¨welqK iPbv¸‡jvi b›`bZvwË¡K †SuvK we‡køwlZ n j| G¸‡jvi RvZKz‡ji
Av‡iKcÖ¯Í nw`‡k, we‡klZ cÖ_v-cÖ_vwe‡ivwaZvi mv‡c‡ÿ, GKUz c‡i Avme| Zvi Av‡M Zuvi fvlv-welqK iPbvq bRi †`qv
hvK|

Aa¨vcK AvRv‡`i fvlv-welqK iPbvewji cwigvY A‡bK| wew”Qbœ cÖeÜ ev` w`‡q ïay eB¸‡jvi ZvwjKv Giƒc:
Pronominalization in Bengali [1983], evOjv fvlvi kÎæwgÎ [1983], evK¨ZË¡ [1984], K‡Zv b`x m‡ivei ev evOjv
fvlvi Rxebx [1989]| †k‡lv³ eBwU wK‡kvicvV¨ n‡jI AvRv`‡K †evSvi Rb¨ g~j¨evb| Zzjbvg~jK I HwZnvwmK
fvlvweÁvb [1988] Ges A_©weÁvb [1999] bv‡gi `ywU eB wZwb wj‡L‡Qb g~jZ QvÎcvV¨ eB wnmv‡e| GQvov m¤úv`bv
K‡i‡Qb evOjv fvlv bv‡gi `yB L‡Ði [1984, 1985] Riæwi eB| G wecyjvKvi eB‡Z evsjv fvlvq iwPZ g~j¨evb fvlvwelqK
cÖeܸ‡jv m¼jb Kiv QvovI AvRv` evsjv fvlvPP©vi BwZnvm wj‡L‡Qb AšÍZ k-Lv‡bK c„ôvq|

AvRv` GKRb cÖwkwÿZ fvlvweÁvbx| wcGBP wW M‡elYvi Ask wnmv‡e wZwb Pg¯‥xq e¨vKi‡Yi KvVv‡gvq KvR K‡i‡Qb|
Zuvi Bs‡iwR eBwU Ges evK¨ZË¡ G M‡elYvi dj| Ab¨vb¨ iPbvq wZwb g~jZ cÖ_vMZ e¨vKi‡Yi evB‡i G‡m eY©bvg~jK ev
iƒcvšÍig~jK m„wókxj avivq evsjvfvlv-e¨vL¨vi c‡ÿ cÖvÁ cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q‡Qb| wZwb evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gvi
Avwac‡Z¨i weiæ‡× we¯Íi wj‡L‡Qb| e¯‘Z evsjv‡`‡k ÔcÖ_vMZ e¨vKiYÕ K_vUv GZUv cÖPwjZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi †jLv‡jwL †_‡KB|
bZzb e¨vKiY †jLvi GKUv cÖ¯ÍveI wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb; hw`I G avivq wb‡R AMÖmi nbwb| Zuvi wb‡Ri M‡elYvq Aek¨ wZwb
Pg¯‥xq e¨vKi‡Yi GKUv aviv‡K KvVv‡gv wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡i evsjv fvlvi Askwe‡kl we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| Pg¯‥xq e¨vKi‡Y
†Kv‡bv `Lj bv _vKvq Zuvi eB `ywU m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqbag©x ch©v‡jvPbv Avgvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq; G †jLvi Rb¨ Zv RiæwiI
bq| wKš‘ cv‡Vi AwfÁZv †_‡K wbwðZfv‡e ej‡Z cvwi, h‡_ó AvqZ‡bi eB `ywU my k„•Lj Avi myLcvV¨|

ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i fvlvweÁvbPP©vi me‡P‡q eo •ewkó¨ GB k„ •Ljv Avi ¯^”QZv| g‡bvig M‡`¨ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Z_¨-DcvˇK
c×wZgvwdK mvwR‡q‡Qb Ges M`¨ Avi M`¨evwnZ fv‡ei ¯^”QZv wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb| †m GZUvB †h, Zuvi fvlvwelqK wecyj
iPbvq A¯^”Q cwifvlv Avi msÁv_© e¨eüZ nqwb ej‡jB P‡j| wZwb wb‡R †hme cwifvlv evwb‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jv †Zv ¯úó
e‡UB, GgbwK cÖPwjZ †hme cwifvlv e¨envi K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨I nq ¯^”QZv Avg`vwb K‡i‡Qb A_ev †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb
A‡cÿvK…Z mijwU| my k„•Lj fvlv-Av‡jvPbv Avi fvlv-we‡kølK M‡`¨i ¯^”QZvi †ÿ‡Î AvRv` A¨vKv‡WwgK A½‡b Abb¨| G
e¨vcv‡i Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Pj‡Z cv‡i †Kej iex›`ªbv‡_i, huv‡K wZwb h_v_©B evsjv fvlvi wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a©i cÖavb
eY©bvg~jK fvlvweÁvbx wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| wel‡qi Ici ¯^”Q `LjRwbZ cÖZ¨q Avi Kvq‡K¬knxb fw½ evsjv fvlvPP©vq
AvRv‡`i me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb| Z‡e g‡b ivLv `iKvi, evsjv fvlvwe‡køl‡Y wZwb mybxwZKzgvi, knx`yjøvn& ev Ave`y j
nvB‡qi g‡Zv eo Ae`vb iv‡Lbwb| wZwb g~jZ cwiPqg~jK DcKvix fvl¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Ri g~j¨evb e¨vL¨v-
we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi wb‡Ri cÖ¯Íve-†gvZv‡eK evsjv fvlvi eY©b vg~jK e¨vKi‡Yi †Kv‡bv cÖKí hw` KL‡bv M„nxZ nq, Zvn‡j
evK¨¯Í‡i Zuvi M‡elYv g~j¨evb MY¨ nIqvi K_v|

3
mvwnZ¨-mgv‡jvPbvq AvRv` †hme msÁv I cÖYvwjc×wZ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, wKsev †hme wm×v‡šÍ †cu․ ‡Q‡Qb, †m¸‡jv KZUv
cÖ_vwe‡ivax? mvwnZ¨cv‡Vi bZzb †Kv‡bv cÖ¯Íve wK wZwb †ck K‡i‡Qb? Ggb †Kv‡bv `„wófw½i nw`k wK Zuvi iPbvq †g‡j, hvi
¯ú‡k© e`‡j hv‡e evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖPwjZ BwZnvm ev BwZnv‡mi GKvsk? Zuvi we‡køl‡Y ev Z‡Ë¡i Qvqvq wK †Kv‡bv †M․Y
mvwnwZ¨K gyL¨ n‡q D‡V‡Qb, ev †Kv‡bv gyL¨ Kwe †M․Y? LvwbKUv we¯§qKi †kvbv‡e nqZ, wKš‘ G me¸‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËiB
Avm‡j †bwZevPK|

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ga¨hyM m¤ú‡K© mv¤úªw ZK `kK¸‡jv‡Z †hme bZzb wm×všÍ D‡V G‡m‡Q, AvRv‡`i †jLvq Zvi †Kv‡bv Bkviv
cvIqv hvq bv| Avm‡j cÖvK-AvaywbK mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Zu vi wb‡f©Rvj we‡ØlB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb eiveiB †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb
GB Mí †h, Dwbk kZ‡Ki †Mvovq evsjv M‡`¨i m~ÎcvZ Avi bZzb mvwnZ¨ixwZi Avg`vwbi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
AvaywbKZvi m~ÎcvZ n‡q‡Q| Dwbk kZ‡Ki e½xq BwZnv‡mi GB mij‣iwLK eqv‡bi †Kv‡bv Ask m¤ú‡K© wZwb †Kv‡bv cÖkœ
KL‡bv DÌvcb K‡ibwb| g‡b ivLv `iKvi, G ai‡bi wfZ-Kuvcv‡bv cÖkœ A‡b‡KB Zz‡j‡Qb Ges mvwn‡Z¨i cVbcvV‡b bZzb
Av‡jv †d‡j‡Qb| wZwb gaym~`b wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZvi wekvjKvq m¼jb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zu vi Kv‡R GB `yB
gnvi_x-m¤úwK©Z wm×i‡mi †ni‡di N‡Uwb| ÔAvaywbK KweZvÕ wQj Zuvi cÿcv‡Zi cÖavb GjvKv| GjvKvwU evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i
A½‡b Zzgyj cÖwZôv †c‡qwQj Zuvi R‡b¥iI A‡bK Av‡M| evsjv‡`‡k GB cÖwZôv wb‡q cÖkœ D‡V‡Q mv¤úªwZK `kK¸‡jv‡Z|
AvRv‡`i cÖRb¥ G e¨vcv‡i ïay wØavnxbB wQj bv, ÔAvaywbKZvÕi aviYvq wekÖ xfv‡e Avm³I wQj| d‡j AvaywbKZv wb‡q Zuvi
wjßZv g~j¨evb Avi Kvh©Ki n‡ZI cv‡i, wKš‘ wKQz‡ZB cÖfvekvjx cÖ_vi e¨wZµg bq|

evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ cÖm‡½ AvRv‡`i †jLv‡jwLi mvims‡ÿc Ki‡j GKB wPÎ cvIqv hv‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv Pwjø‡ki
`k‡K wQj gyL¨Z ÔBmjvwgÕ Ii‡d cvwK¯Ívbev`x; evqv‡bœi fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfv‡e IB aviv e`‡j hvq, GKvZ¥ nq AvaywbK
evsjv KweZvi g~javivi mv‡_; evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv hZUv e¨w³ag©x Zvi‡P‡q A‡bK †ewk mvgwóK Ñ AwZ-cÖPwjZ cÖwZwôZ GB
QKwU AvRv` wek¦¯Ífv‡e AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e nu¨v, cvwK¯Ívbev`x Kve¨aviv‡K wbcyYfv‡e bvKvj Kivi Rb¨ wZwb evowZ
evnev †c‡Z cv‡ib| G e¨vcv‡i Zuvi mvg‡_©¨i cÖksmv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡ÎI Zuv‡K cÖ_vwe‡ivax ejv hv‡e bv| KviY,
KweZvi IB ce© m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡k GKB aviYv †cvlYKvixi msL¨v Ges cÖfve we‡ivax‡`i Zzjbvq A¯^vfvweK iK‡gi †ewk|
Zvn‡j mvwn‡Z¨i GjvKvq †Kvb †m cÖkœ hvi †Luv RvLyuwR‡Z ev cÖwZôvq ûgvqyb AvRv` wbtm½ jovB K‡iwQ‡jb?

fvlvPP©vi GjvKvqI G cÖ‡kœi DËi cvIqv Lye mnR bq| evsjv fvlvi D™¢e, weeZ©b, weKvk I mvwe©K BwZnv‡mi †ÿ‡Î wZwb
cÖvq wbtk‡Z© myb xwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| GB mg_©bUv fv‡jv wK Lvivc †m cÖkœ GLv‡b AevšÍi| K_vUv nj,
g‡Zi G avivB evsjv fvlv-we‡ePbvi g~javiv| IwWweG‡ji mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© wQj mskqnxb Abyiv‡Mi| D`vniY wnmv‡e
ejwQ, Aci fvlv eB‡Z †`‡ek ivq GB gnvMÖ‡š’i †h ai‡bi wµwU‡Kj cvV w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi Zzj¨ †Kv‡bv cvV ûgvqy b AvRv` G
eB ev fvlv‡Kw›`ªK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eB m¤ú‡K© KL‡bv †`bwb| GgbwK fvlv-cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiY [1939]-†K Ôms¯‥…Z-AbymvixÕ
ev ÔcÖ_vMZÕ e‡j wPwýZ Ki‡jI G-m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv we‡køl‡Yi w`‡K wZwb hvbwb| ÔcÖ_vMZ evOjv e¨vKiY I gyn¤§`
knx`yjøv n&Õ bv‡gi cÖe‡Ü wZwb knx`y jøvn&i e¨vKiYwU‡K ixwZg‡Zv Zz‡jvay‡bv K‡i‡Qb| IB e¨vKiY wbtm‡›`‡n Kz -wjwLZ; wKš‘
Gi Ab¨iKg Zvrch© Av‡Q| †hme Kvi‡Y cÖK…Z evsjv e¨vKiY Av‡Rv †jLv nq bvB e‡j wejvc †kvbv hvq, †h wejv‡ci
AvRv`I GKRb `xN©‡gqvw` Askx`vi, knx`y jøvn&i e¨vKiYwU Zvi KviY bq| wKš‘ my bxwZKzgv‡ii eB Ñ mywjwLZ Ges wek`
e‡jB Ñ Gi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| G eBwU IwWweG‡ji g‡Zv bq; eis gvÎvwZwi³ iK‡gi ms¯‥…Zvbymvix e¨vKiY|
iex›`ªbv‡_i iPbvq Ab¨iKg e¨vKi‡Yi Bw½Z Av‡Q| knx`yjøvn&i e¨vKiY †mB Bw½‡Zi Aÿg AbymiY wnmv‡e AvswkK cÖksmv
†c‡Z cviZ| AvRv` Zu vi Rb¨ †m cÖksmv avh© K‡ib bvB|

K_vUv †Zvjvi Ab¨ KviY Av‡Q| evsjv fvlvi me‡P‡q ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivaxÕ fvlvZvwË¡ K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| wZwb Zuvi Kv‡ji
cÖfvekvjx fvlv`k©‡bi weiæ‡× Avg„Zz¨ jovB K‡iwQ‡jb| AvÿwiK A‡_©B jovB| AvRv‡`i †jLv‡jwL‡Z †m jovB‡qi
m¤§vbRbK ¯^xK…wZ Av‡Q| wKš‘ AvRv` Kvh©Z iex›`ªb v‡_i evsjv fvlvPP©v‡K D‡cÿv K‡i‡Qb| IB cÖ_vwe‡ivaxi gZ-gwR© Ñ
Kvh©Z Ñ D‡cÿv K‡i wZwb cÖPwjZ-cÖfvekvjx g‡ZB wbôvevb wQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ Av‡iv wZbwU D`vniY †`e|

cÖ_‡gB Avmv hvK Zuvi wb‡Ri M‡elYv m¤ú‡K© | cwð‡g wWwMÖg~jK M‡elYvi Rb¨ wZwb ¯^fveZB IB mg‡qi me‡P‡q Pvjy
AvB‡Ug †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb ev wb‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb| Avgiv Rvwb, Pgw¯‥ wb‡Ri gZ eviK‡qK e`‡j‡Qb, Ges Zuvi
AbymvixivI wewPÎ g‡Z wef³ n‡q Av‡Mi RvqMvq †KD Avi _v‡Kbwb| AvRv` wKš‘ c‡ii `kK¸‡jv‡Z wbôvevb Abym vixi
g‡Zv cyivbv g~javivwUi PP©v K‡i †M‡Qb| Avwki `kK †_‡K fvlvweÁv‡bi g~javiv †hme wewPÎ-RwUj c‡e©i ga¨ w`‡q †M‡Q,
AvRv‡`i mgKvjxb †jLv‡jwL‡Z Zvi †Kv‡bv wbkvbv cvIqv hvq bv| GLv‡b evLwZb ev fjwkb‡fi g‡Zv cÖ_vwe‡ivax‡`i K_v
ejv n‡”Q bv| GgbwK A‡bK c‡i †jLv A_©weÁvb eB‡ZI AvRv` †_‡g‡Qb h‡_ó Av‡M|

evsjv fvlv Avi M‡`¨i BwZnv‡mi †ÿ‡Î AvRv` eiveiB me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ gZ¸‡jv cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| fvlv I e¨vKi‡Yi
ms¯‥…ZvqbRwbZ `yM©wZ m¤ú‡K© evievi wjL‡jI wb‡Ri wm×všÍ¸‡jv‡Z †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wfbœgZ DÌvcb K‡ibwb| K‡Zv b`x
m‡ivei ev evOjv fvlvi Rxebx [1987] eB‡Z wZwb ïay IB gZ¸‡jvi cybiærcv`bB K‡ibwb, Av‡e‡M gw_ZI n‡q‡Qb, †h
Av‡eM gZ¸‡jvi mv‡_ e¨w³MZ hy³Zv Qvov m¤¢e bq| Avm‡j fvlvweÁv‡bi Ávb †_‡K wZwb Rvb‡Zb Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjv
M`¨-e¨vKiY-Awfav‡bi PP©v Lye ¯^vfvweK MwZ‡Z G‡Mvqwb| wKš‘ wek¦v‡mi w`K †_‡K IB A¯^vfvweK Kvq`vq cÖwZwôZ
cÖfvekvjx avivB Zu vi mg_©b †c‡q †M‡Q| ÔevOjv M`¨PP©v I we`¨vmvMiÕ cÖeÜwU Gi fv‡jv D`vniY| cÖeÜwU cwi”Qbœ Ges
myLcvV¨| Gi c×wZMZ w`KUvI D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wKš‘ IB kZ‡Ki fvlvPP©vi mv‡_ wb‡Ri cwiPq †_‡K Rvwb [evsjv fvlvi
Dcwb‡ekvqb I iex›`ªbv_, †gvnv¤§` AvRg, Av`k©, 2014], Kx RwUj cwiw¯’wZi m¤¢ve¨ mijZg e¨vL¨v AvRv` K‡i‡Qb|
AZ¨šÍ cÖwZwôZ-cÖPwjZ gZwU‡KB wZwb Av‡iKevi cÖwZôv w`‡q‡Qb|

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbfvlv wb‡q ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i wm×v‡šÍI Avgiv GKB wKwm‡gi Uvbvc‡ob †`Le| wZwb gvbfvlv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb,
evsjv gvbfvlv cÖwZôvi BwZnvmI Rv‡bb| Rv‡bb, evsjv‡`‡ki gvbfvlv-m¤úwK©Z aviYv Ges ZrciZv gvbfvlvZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© bq| wKš‘ wZwb cÖPwjZ‡KB †g‡b †bb| Ôgvb evOjv D”PviY I D”PviY AwfavbÕ cÖe‡Ü RvZxq MYgva¨g
Bbw÷wUD‡Ui e¨envwiK evsjv D”PviY Awfavb [1988] MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb g„`y AvcwËmn KjKvËvB
D”PviY‡K XvKvi gvb D”PviY e‡j †g‡b †bb| Gi KviY wnmv‡e wZwb fvlvweÁvbm¤§Z bq Ggb GK hyw³ D™¢veb K‡ib:
Ôgvb evOjv D”PviY n‡”Q wkwÿZ, myiæwPm¤úbœ, ms¯‥…wZcivqY ey‡R© vqv †kÖ Yxi D”PviY| evOjv‡`‡k G-†kÖYxwUi we‡kl weKvk
N‡U wb|Õ cy‡iv e¨vcviUv m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqbg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvq hvw”Q bv| ïay e‡j ivwL, G gZB XvKvi cÖ_vbyM gZ|

ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i fvlv-welqK iPbvw` cÖvq wbt‡k‡l c‡o wm×všÍ wb‡ZB nq: AvRv` fvlvPP©vq cÖ_vwe‡ivax †Zv wQ‡jbB bv,
eis wQ‡jb me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ-cÖ_vMZ g‡Zi mg_©K-c„ô‡cvlK|

4
cÖkœ nj, Zvn‡j Zuv‡K ÔcÖ_vwe‡ivaxÕ g‡b nq †Kb? Zvi‡P‡q Riæwi K_v: GB cÖ_vwe‡ivwaZvi ¯^iƒc Kx? PviwU ch©v‡q G ¯^iƒc
we‡køl‡Yi †Póv Kie|
cÖ_gZ, ûgvqyb AvRv` D”Pvi‡Y Pigcwš’ wQ‡jb| AwZk‡qvw³ Zuvi D”Pvi‡Yi cÖavb •ewkó¨| cÿcvZ ev we‡iva Ñ †Kv‡bv
†ÿ‡ÎB mvaviYZ wZwb mycvi‡jwUf wWwMÖi wb‡P bvg‡Zb bv| wZwb cÖev‡`i g‡Zv evK¨ ev evK¨vsk •Zwi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|
Abvqv‡mB Ggb ÔU¨vMÕ ev Ô†j‡ejÕ jvMv‡Z cvi‡Zb, e¨w³ ev welq‡K Ggb we‡kl‡Y we‡klvwqZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb †h,
K_vUv‡Z A‡bK †ewk Avjv`v g‡b nZ| R‣bK bRiæj-M‡elK m¤ú‡K© Zuvi ÔbRiæj-gvRv‡ii Lv‡`gÕ we‡klYwU †ek evRvi
†c‡qwQj| •ewkó¨wU Zu vi KweZ¡ kw³i wbf©yj mvÿ¨| cÖePb¸”Q [1992] Zuvi Gme •ewk‡ó¨i wbf©i‡hvM¨ `wjj| Zuvi G ¸Y
wbtm‡›`‡n AvKl©Yxq Ges Cl©Yxq| wKš‘ G¸‡jv cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡ÎB gšÍe¨ gvÎ, eo‡Rvi gZ; †gv‡UB Ggb †Kv‡bv
we‡kølYRvZ wm×všÍ bq hv cÖPj‡K kbv³ K‡i AcÖPj‡K cÖwZôv †`q| GKUv D`vniY †`qv hvK|

Avwk-beŸB‡qi `k‡K XvKvq RbwcÖq avivi Dcb¨v‡mi igigv evRvi †M‡Q| ÔwmwiqvmÕ mvwn‡Z¨i Drcv`K-†fv³v‡`i g‡a¨ G
wb‡q A¯^w¯Íi mxgv wQj bv| G mvwnZ¨ cv‡Vi ev eR©‡bi †Kv‡bv ZwiKv †KD evZjv‡Z cv‡iwb; wKš‘ Am‡šÍvlUv cyivgvÎvq
wQj| GgZve¯’vq AvRv` GwM‡q G‡jb| wZwb RbwcÖq avivi Dcb¨vm‡K AwfwnZ Ki‡jb ÔAcb¨vmÕ bv‡g| Avi G¸‡jvi
RbwcÖqZvi Drm‡K wPwýZ Ki‡jb Gfv‡e: Ôga¨weË evOvwji g‡b i‡q‡Q GK `~iv‡ivM¨ `v`, hv Pzj‡Kv‡j cvIqv hvq we‡kl
Avb›`| IB `v`wUi bvg ÔmyL `ytLÕ|Õ Avwg GLv‡b ÔwkíKjvi wegvbweKxKiYÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K D×…Z Kijvg| GKB K_v wZwb
eûevi eûfv‡e e‡j‡Qb| K_v `ywU RbwcÖqI n‡qwQj Lye| AvRv` GLv‡b `ywU Ô†j‡ewjsÕ K‡i‡Qb| `ywUB RyZmB, mn‡R
D”PviY‡hvM¨ Ges A_©en| G D”PviY Ñ Avi †KD GiKg e‡j bvB ev e‡j bv †h‡nZz Ñ Zuv‡K Ab¨‡`i †P‡q Avjv`v Kij|
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5
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