95THT-2

Sr. No. 9

EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER

Function: Marine Engineering at Management Level
THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSMISSION

M.E.O. Class II
(Time allowed - 3hours)
India (2003) Afternoon Paper Total Marks 100

NB : (1) Answer SIX Questions only.

(2) All Questions carry equal marks
(3) Neatness in handwriting and clarity in expression carries weightage
(4) Illustration of an Answer with clear sketches / diagrams carries weightage.

1. Dry saturated steam enters a convergent-divergent nozzle at 9 bar, and the pressures at the throat and
exit are 5 bar and 0.14 bar respectively. The specific enthalpy drop of the steam from entrance to
throat is 107 kJ/kg, and from entrance to exit it is 633 kJ/kg. Assuming 8 % of the enthalpy drop is
lost to friction in the divergent part of the nozzle, calculate the areas in mm 2 of the nozzle at the
throat and exit to pass 23 kg of steam per minute

2. A sample of steam at 20 bar was drawn from the steam drum of a boiler and passed through a
throttling calorimeter, the temperature of the steam in the calorimeter was 150°C and the pressure
1.25 bar. Calculate (i) the dryness fraction of the steam. If the boiler steam is superheated at
constant pressure to 350°C, calculate (ii) the heat energy supplied per kg of steam in the
superheaters, and (iii) the percentage increase in volume due to drying and superheating

3. A mass of 1600 kg is lifted by winch through a height of 25 m in 30 seconds. Calculate (I) the
workdone and if the efficiency of the winch is 60%, find (ii) the input power in kW and (iii) the
energy consumed in kWh.

4. A cylinder contains 168 litres of gas at a pressure 1 kgf/cm 2 and temperature 47C. If this gas is
compressed to 1/12th of its volume and the pressure is then 21 kgf/cm 2, find (a) the mass of the gas,
(b) the temperature at the end of compression, (c) the index of compression, (d) the change in
internal energy, and (e) the heat rejected during compression. Take Cp = 0.26 and Cv = 0.2.

5. Describe the method of determining the calorific value of a solid fuel by means of a Bomb
calorimeter. How correction for cooling is obtained in the above method?

6. A four-stroke engine working on Otto cycle has a swept volume 0.1 m 3. The compression ratio is 7
and conditions at the beginning of compression stroke are 1 bar and 90C. The heat addition at
constant volume is 100 kJ/cycle. Sketch the cycle on p-v and T-s diagrams, and calculate its ideal
efficiency mean effective pressure and peak pressure. Assuming working fluid as air.

7. A petrol engine having a compression ratio of 7 has a brake thermal efficiency. The calorific value
of the fuel used is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate the fuel consumption in kg per hour, if the engine delivers
10 kW.
8. Briefly explain following process.
(a) Constant volume (isometric ) process
(b) Constant pressure (isopiestic ) process
(c) Constant temperature (isothermal ) process
(d) Ploytropic expansion (PVⁿ=C)process
(e) Adiabatic expansion (PVˇ=C)process

9. Explain with the aid of a P-V diagram the effect of multistage compression on volumetric efficiency
in a reciprocating air compressor.

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