WHAT IS FAMILY

PLANNING?
Family Planning (FP) is having the desired number of
children and when you want to have them by using safe
and effective modern methods. Proper birth spacing is
having children 3 to 5 years apart, which is best for the
health of the mother, her child, and the family. (DOH)
BENEFITS OF USING FAMILY PLANNING
MOTHER
Enables her to regain her health after delivery.

Gives enough time and opportunity to love and provide attention

to her husband and children.

Gives more time for her family and own personal advancement.

When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment

and recovery.

CHILDREN
Healthy mothers produce healthy children.

Will get all the attention, security, love, and care they deserve.

FATHER
Lightens the burden and responsibility in supporting his

family.

Enables him to give his children their basic needs (food,

shelter, education, and better future).

Gives him time for his family and own personal advancement.

When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for

treatment and recovery.

 NATURAL FAMILY
PLANNING (NFP)
is an educational process of
determining the fertile and infertile periods of a woman:

1. By observing and recording the signs and

symptoms of the menstrual cycle
2. So that lovemaking can be timed
3. In order to achieve or avoid pregnancy
4. NFP is also known as the Fertility
Awareness Based methods since it utilizes
principles involved in human fertility
awareness
 LOW
LOW
CALENDAR FAILURE
FAILURE
METHOD RATE
RATE

To use the rhythm method, you track your menstrual

history to predict when you'll ovulate. This helps you
determine when you're most likely to conceive. 1-9
Record the length of 6 to 12 of your menstrual cycles. IDEAL FAILURE
RATE
Determine the length of your shortest menstrual cycle.
Determine the length of your longest menstrual cycle.
Plan sex carefully during fertile days.
Update your calculations every month.
FAILURE RATE

NO COST REQUIRES
MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES
Does not require
prescription
If you do decide you want to
have a baby later, you can
start trying right away
Don’t have to stop taking
any medication or have
anything removed.
DISADVANTAGES
Hard to be sure of the days you
are most fertile
Women have to think about
these issues every time they
want to Have sex
No protection against STI
Can take several months of
monitoring for you to have a
clear pattern of when you are
fertile
 HIGH
HIGH
ABSTINENCE FAILURE
FAILURE
RATE
RATE

PERIODIC
Is refraining from sexual relations, is the most effefctive
way to rpevent STI.

ABSTINENCE
The method to avoid pregnancy by
avoiding sex on thedays a woman may Add a little bit of body text

conceive.

FAILURE RATE IDEALFAILURE

RATE
ACCEPTABLE
TO ALL REQUIRES
RELIGIOUS
MOTIVATION
age

GROUP
 ADVANTAGES
100% prevents sexually
transmitted infections and
pregnancy
No medical or hormonal side
effects
Postpone emotional and
physical risks
Less likely to become
infertile
DISADVANTAGES
May be difficult to
abstain
May not be prepared
with back-up method if
or when you choose
to become sexually
active
 LACTATION
AMENORRHEA
METHOD
A natural suppression of both ovulationand menses
during when a woman is breastfeeding. andis a safe
birth control method

1 % to 5% failure rate if infant is: FAILURE RATE

Under 6 months of age AFTER 6 MONTHS
Totally breasfed at least every 4 hours during the day and every 6 hours at night
Receives no supplementary feedings
menses has not returned
EFFECTIVE
WHILE INFANT TEMPORARY
TOTALLY
BREASFED MEASURE
 ADVANTAGES
Universally available to all postpartum
breastfeeding women
Does not require a physical
examination
Protection from unplanned pregnancy
begins immediately postpartum
The use of LAM contributes to
improved maternal and child health
and nutrition
Allows a woman time to consider
which long-term method is best for
her
DISADVANTAGES
Effective only for a maximum of six
months
If a mother and child are separated for
extended periods of time because of
work outside the home, LAM
effectiveness may decrease
Full or nearly full breastfeeding may be
difficult to maintain for up to six
months due to a variety of social
circumstances
Like all other NFP methods, LAM does
not protect a client from STDs and
HIV/AIDS
 CYCLEBEADS

Is based on the woman’s menstrual cycle. It identifies cycle days

8-19 as the woman’s fertile period. It works for women with
menstrual cycles of 26-32 days.
SDM takes use of CycleBeads™. These are colored beads used

AVAILABLE
to help the woman keep track of her fertile and infertile
days.
AS AN APP

NEED TO
MARK ON A
CALENDART
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Does not cause any physical
Offers no protection against
side effects
STI
Effective and reversible
Requires that the woman
Nothing must be taken daily or
remember to move the
at the time of sexual
CycleBeads every day
intercourse
Is not very effective for
Allows both the woman and
woman with menstrual
her
cycles shorter than 26 days
partner to be responsible for
or longer than 32 days
child spacing
BASAL BODY
TEMPERATURE 3

IDEAL FAILURE
RATE
Before the day of ovulation, a woman's basal body
temperature falls about 0.5°F.  At the time of ovulation,
BBT rises a full Fahrenheit degree (0.2°C) becuase of
the rise of progesterone.
Woman takes temperature orally or with a tympanc FAILURE
thermometer, eacch morning immediately gter waking up. RATE
As soon a woman notices a slight dip n temperature followed
by an increase, ovlation started.
Refrain for having coitus for the next 3 days.

COST OF REQUIRES
THERMOMETER MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES
This method does not involve
taking pills.
No foreign object is put into
your body.
There are no side effects.
You and your partner rely on
each other for mutual
support and commitment to
make this method work.
DISADVANTAGES
Reliability can be influenced by many
variables (stress, fatigue, illness,
alcohol, warmth or coolness of
sleeping) environment
This method is not a good choice if:
your periods don’t come at a
regular time
your temperature pattern is
different each month;
you just stopped taking birth
control pills;
you just started having periods;
you are close to menopause;
you can’t keep a calendar chart; or
 COITUS
INTERRUPTUS 3
IDALFAILURE
RATE
One of the oldest known mehods of contraception.
Withdrawal or coitus interruptus is not a method of
family planning. It is a practice, and a bad
practice at that. Withdrawal is not effective at all and
makes intercourse unsatisfactory for the couple.
22
Couple proceeds with coitus until the moment of ejaculation
The man withdraws and spermatozoa are emitted outside FAILURE RATE
the vagina

A MALE SPERM MAY BE

CONTROLLED PRESENT IN PRE-
METHOD EJACULATORY FLUID
 ADVANTAGES
Pulling out is safe and has no
medical or hormonal side effects.
Does not require a medical
prescription.
Withdrawal doesn't cost
anything.
If you have great self-control,
experience, and there is trust
between partners, pulling out can
be used more reliably.
DISADVANTAGES
Not a good contraceptive for men who
ejaculate prematurely.
Requires experience and a high level of
self-control.
Not a reliable method for men who do
not understand their body's sexual
response.
You must be able to realize and predict
the moment when you are reaching the
point in your sexual excitement when
ejaculation can no longer be stopped or
postponed.
 TWO - DAY
METHOD 3 FAILURE RATE
IDALFAILURE
RATE
Is a simple and effective fertility awareness based method (FABM)
of family planning that relies on the presence of cervical secretions
(fluid) as a sign that a woman may be fertile.
During the menstrual cycle, a number of changes occur in a woman's
body. By observing these changes, couples can plan when to
have intercourse and when to avoid intercourse, depending on
whether they are trying to achieve or avoid pregnancy.

Woman should assess for vaginal secretion daily

If secretion is felt for 2 days in a row, coitus should be avoided
that day and the following as this suggests fertility.
If the answer is YES to either question then she considers herself fertile that
day, and the couple should avoid intercourse. If the answer is NO to both
questions, she is not likely to become pregnant from intercourse that day.

REQUIRES
NO COST MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Is an option for women seeking an
effective low cost, hormone free, No protection against STDs. 
and natural method of family Does not help a couple identify
planning. It is simple to teach and their fertile window, but only
learn, requiring just one short days of “possible fertility.”
office visit.
It requires abstinence during
The method can be used by women
the fertile days if trying to
with irregular cycles and can be
avoid pregnancy.
started at any point during her
cycle.
 OVULATION 3

METHOD IDALFAILURE
RATE
FAILURE
Method to predict ovulation is by the use of an over-the- RATE
counter ovulation detection kit. These kits detect the midcycle
surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that can be detected in
urine 12 to 24 hours before ovulation. Such kits are 98% to
100% accurate in predicting ovulation.

All you have to do is pee on a stick or strip (or pee in a cup

and dip the stick or strip into the cup) and wait a few
minutes for the indicator to appear. If the test line shows up
darker than the control line, you’re about to ovulate. 

EXPENSIVE REQUIRES
MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES
Convenient. Since you only need to use
OPKs in the middle of your cycle, it's a
little less work than other methods of
tracking ovulation.
Widely available. You can get them
over the counter at drugstores,
pharmacies, and even major
supermarkets and convenience stores,
without a prescription
Easy to use. Ovulation kits are similar
to home pregnancy tests— you simply
urinate on them.
DISADVANTAGES
Doesn't work when certain fertility
drugs are present in the system.
Doesn't function reliably when
injectable fertility drugs are present in
the system.
Doesn't work consistently on women
over 40. 
Some women in their 40s, especially
those approaching menopause, have
increased levels of LH in their
systems at all times, rendering the
tests invalid.
 CERVICAL
MUCUS METHOD
It is used to determine the fertile and infertile
periods of a woman using the changing properties of cervical
mucus. The method is based on the
observation that there are days wherein the mucus is watery,
elastic, and clear; days when it is sticky;
and other times when there is little or no mucus production.

Changes in color, consistency and amount of her cervical

mucus tell a woman when she is about to ovulate.
During the woman’s fertile period, she feels wet and
sees slippery, stretchy, watery, and clear mucus (FERTILE)
These observations will help her identify the days during
each menstrual cycle when pregnancy can or cannot occur.

NO COST REQUIRES
MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES
Is an option for women seeking an
effective low cost, hormone free, and
natural method of family planning. It
is simple to teach and learn, requiring
just one short office visit.
The method can be used by women
with irregular cycles and can be
started at any point during her cycle.
Detection of infectionsIt provides
opportunities for deeper sexual
communication between husband and
wife
DISADVANTAGES
Requires daily observation and
recording of the cervical mucus.
Can be tedious during the early
stages of knowing and
establishing the woman’s
menstrual cycle.
Discharges due to infections can
be confused with the natural
mucus secretions.
 0.4

SYMPTOTHERMAL IDALFAILURE
RATE

This method is a combination of the cervical mucs and

BBT methods. More effective than either BBT or the
cervical mucus method FAILURE
RATE
The woman takes her temperature daily, watching for the
rise that marks ovulation
Analyzes cervical mucus every day and observes for other
signs of ovulation such as mittelschmerz (mid cycle
abdominal pain)
Couple abstains from intercourse until 3 days after the peak f
mucus change,.

NO COST REQUIRES
MOTIVATION
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Disadvantage to those
who do not like to chart
Use of 2 indicators which observations of 2
makes it more effective. indicators i.e.
temperature and mucus
changes
HORMONAL METHODS
hormones that when taken orally, transdermally,
intravaginally, or intramuscularrly, cause such
fluctuations in a normal menstural cycle that
ovlation or sperm transport does not occur
 ORAL
CONTRACEPTIVES
Commonly known as the pill. Composed of varying
amounts of natural estrogen with a small amount of
pregesterone .

Combination pills have 2 hormones: estrogen and progestin. These are

the most common type of birth control pill. As long as you take 1 pill 9
every day, you’ll be protected from pregnancy.

FAILURE
Progestin-only pills have 1 kind of hormone (progestin) — these pills
RATE
don’t have any estrogen. You must take progestin-only pills within the

same 3 hours every day to be protected from pregnancy.

SIDE EFFECT OF
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Long-term method of birth
control (protects against
Requires a prescription
pregnancy for 3 years after
insertion–it can be removed by a Increases risk of
health care provider when you cardiovascular problems
want to or you can wait for 3 Must be taken at the same
years when it’s time for a change time every day
of implant) No protection against STIs
Very effective against pregnancy
May cause light or no menstrual
periods
 INTRAUTERINE 0.1%
0.1%
DEVICE IDEAL
IDEAL
FAILURE
FAILURE
A small plastic device that is inserted into the uterus
RATE
RATE
through the vagina. Can be either hormonal or
nonhormonal.

May be used y women who have never had children as

well as those who have.
Device must be fitted by a healthcare provider.
Usually inserted before a woman has had a coitus after a
menstrual flow, to assure the woman is not pregnant at the
tme of insertion.

NO MEMORY CRAMPING,
MOTIVATION BLEEDING,
NEEDED EXPULSION
 ADVANTAGES
It protects against pregnancy for
5 or 10 years, depending on the
type.
It does not interrupt sex.It's safe
to use an IUD if you're
breastfeeding.
It's not affected by other
medicines.
There's no evidence that an IUD
will affect your weight or
increase the risk of cervical
cancer.
DISADVANTAGES
Your periods may become heavier,
longer or more painful.
It does not protect against STIs, so
you may need to use condoms as
well.
If you get an infection when you
have an IUD fitted, it could lead to a
pelvic infection if not treated.
Most women who stop using an IUD
do so because of vaginal bleeding
and pain, although these side
effects are uncommon.
 VAGINAL RING

Flexible silicone vaginal ring that when placed in the

9

vagina continually releases a combination of estrogen

and progesterone.

Is inserted vaginally by the woman and left in place for 3 9

weeks and then removed for 1 week with menstrual bleeding.
Rings do not need to be removed for intercourse FAILURE
If taken out for more than 4 hours for any purpose, should be RATE
replaced with a new ring and use a form of barrier

NEED
protection for the next 7 days,.

EASY TO REMINDER
INSERT
TO INSERT
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

It is convenient to use because

it only requires the user to Provides no protection
change it once a month
against sexually
Use of the ring is associated
with a lower risk of transmitted infections
intermenstrual or irregular (STIs)
bleeding Must be prescribed by a
It works well even if the woman
healthcare provider
Dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia
are improved
 INTRADERMAL
IMPLANT

Progestin-filed miniature rod no bigger than a

matchstick. Can be embedded just under the skin on
the inside of the upper arm for 3 years.

Rod is inserted as an in-office procedure with the se of a

local anesthetic during menses.
FAILURE
It can be placed immediately after an elective termination of RATE
pregnant or 6 weeks after birth of baby.

COSTLY DEPENDABLE
FOR 5 YEARS
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Reversible – you can
You might have irregular
choose to have it taken
periods or periods that last
out at any time. After longer.
that, you will be able to You might have a sore or
get pregnant again bruised arm after the implant
99% effective – it works is put in or taken out. There is
very well a small risk of infection
You don’t need to think Sometimes it’s not easy for
about contraception the nurse or doctor to find
every day the implant