Contents

Contributors xvii
Foreword to the 7th Edition xxxi
John Bartlett
Foreword to the 6th Edition xxxiii
The Late Robert C. Moellering, Jr.
Obituary: Dr. Alvis Kucers xxxv
Hail the Greats xxxvii
Preface xli
M. Lindsay Grayson
Abbreviations xliii

VOLUME 1

Section I INTRODUCTION

1 Principles of Antimicrobial Use 3

M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, James S. McCarthy, William Hope,
John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, and David L. Paterson
2 Use of Critically Important Antimicrobials in Food Production 9
Peter Collignon

Section 2 ANTIBIOTICS

Part 2:1 PENICILLINS AND RELATED DRUGS

3 Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) 23
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, and M. Lindsay Grayson
4 Phenoxypenicillins 92
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, and Jason A. Roberts
5 Ampicillin and Amoxicillin 100
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, and Jason A. Roberts, M. Lindsay Grayson, and Sara E. Cosgrove
6 Methicillin 136
Kathryn Dzintars
7 Isoxazolyl Penicillins: Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, and Flucloxacillin 143
Janessa M. Smith
8 Nafcillin 162
Edina Avdic
9 Carbenicillin, Carindacillin, Carfecillin, and Ticarcillin 173
Kathryn Dzintars
10 Mezlocillin, Azlocillin, Apalcillin, and Piperacillin 187
Adrian Tramontana and Karin Thursky
11 Mecillinam (Amdinocillin) and Pivmecillinam 207
Edina Avdic

v
vi Contents

12 Temocillin 218
Tiffeny T. Smith and Sara E. Cosgrove
13 Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors 225
Pascalis Vergidis and Matthew E. Falagas
14 Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid 254
David Gordon
15 Ampicillin–Sulbactam 280
Petros I. Rafailidis and Matthew E. Falagas
16 Ticarcillin–Clavulanic Acid 299
Kirsty Buising
17 Piperacillin–Tazobactam 319
Jasmine Teng and Karin Thursky

Part 2:2 CEPHALOSPORINS AND RELATED DRUGS

18 Cephalothin and Cefazolin 347
Kerina J. Denny, Jeffrey Lipman, and Jason A. Roberts
19 Cephalexin 361
Nastaran Rafiei
20 Cephadroxil, Cephaloridine, Cephacetrile, Cephapirin, Cephradine, and Other Rarely Used
First-Generation Cephalosporins 370
David L. Paterson
21 Cefaclor, Cefprozil, and Loracarbef 376
David L. Paterson and Yohei Doi
22 Cefuroxime 383
Maria Diletta Pezzani
23 Cefotiam, Cefuzonam, Cefamandole, Cefonicid, and Ceforanide 396
Hisashi Baba and David L. Paterson
24 Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, and Other Cephamycins 403
Kathryn Daveson
25 Cefoperazone and Cefoperazone–Sulbactam 415
Syamhanin Adnan
26 Cefotaxime 426
Baek-Nam Kim and David L. Paterson
27 Ceftriaxone 464
Baek-Nam Kim, Anna Maria Peri, and David L. Paterson
28 Ceftizoxime, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefpodoxime, Ceftibuten, Cefsulodin, and Cefpiramide 530
Mesut Yilmaz and David L. Paterson
29 Cefixime 539
David Guay
30 Ceftazidime and Ceftazidime–Avibactam 548
Hugh Wright and Andrea Endimiani
31 Cefepime, Cefpirome, and Cefepime–Tazobactam 578
Andrea Endimiani and Parham Sendi
32 Ceftaroline and Ceftaroline–Avibactam 603
Elda Righi
33 Ceftobiprole 619
Andrew Henderson, Baek-Nam Kim, and David L. Paterson
34 Ceftolozane–Tazobactam 636
John F. McNamara
35 Aztreonam and Aztreonam–Avibactam 644
Hisashi Baba
36 Cefiderocol (S-649266) 658
David L. Paterson

Part 2:3 CARBAPENEMS

37 Imipenem–Cilastatin and Imipenem–Relebactam 663
Yoshiro Hayashi and David L. Paterson
 Contents vii

38 Meropenem and Meropenem–Vaborbactam 697

Anton Y. Peleg and Patrick N. A. Harris
39 Doripenem 723
Benjamin A. Rogers
40 Ertapenem 743
Pilar Retamar and Luis-Eduardo López-Cortés
41 Faropenem 765
Yoshiro Hayashi and Hisashi Baba
42 Biapenem, Ritipenem, Panipenem, and Sulopenem 772
Kunikazu Yamane

Part 2:4 GLYCOPEPTIDES AND LIPOPEPTIDES

43 Vancomycin 785
Inge C. Gyssens and Natasha E. Holmes
44 Teicoplanin 836
Anouk E. Muller and Inge C. Gyssens
45 Daptomycin 866
Anouk E. Muller and Inge C. Gyssens
46 Oritavancin 908
Wonhee So and David P. Nicolau
47 Dalbavancin 917
Marguerite L. Monogue and David P. Nicolau
48 Telavancin 930
Islam M. Ghazi, Joseph L. Kuti, and David. P. Nicolau
49 Ramoplanin 940
Ed J. Kuijper
50 Surotomycin 944
Johan W. Mouton

Part 2:5 AMINOGLYCOSIDES

51 Kanamycin 949
Karen Urbancic and M. Lindsay Grayson
52 Gentamicin 964
Jesús Sojo-Dorado and Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
53 Tobramycin 992
Juan Gálvez-Acebal and Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
54 Amikacin 1009
Whitney J. Nesbitt and David Aronoff
55 Sisomicin and Netilmicin 1028
Johan W. Mouton
56 Isepamicin 1039
Johan W. Mouton
57 Neomycin 1046
Johan W. Mouton
58 Plazomicin 1053
Karen Bush

Part 2:6 MACROLIDES AND KETOLIDES

59 Erythromycin 1065
Françoise Van Bambeke
60 Roxithromycin 1087
Françoise Van Bambeke
61 Clarithromycin 1097
Jakko van Ingen
62 Azithromycin 1122
Claire L. Gordon
viii Contents

63 Josamycin and Rosaramicin 1150

Françoise Van Bambeke
64 Telithromycin 1156
Eric Wenzler and Keith A. Rodvold
65 Cethromycin 1172
Johan W. Mouton
66 Solithromycin 1179
Andrew Henderson

Part 2:7 TETRACYCLINES AND RELATED DRUGS

67 Tetracycline 1195
Damon P. Eisen
68 Doxycycline 1204
Damon P. Eisen
69 Minocycline 1230
M. Lindsay Grayson
70 Tigecycline 1249
Marrigje H. Nabuurs-Franssen, Bram P. A. Lestrade, and Johan W. Mouton
71 Omadacycline 1267
Johan W. Mouton and Marrigje H. Nabuurs-Franssen
72 Eravacycline 1273
Keith A. Rodvold

Part 2:8 OTHER ANTIBIOTICS

73 Linezolid 1293
Sarah J. Sparham and Benjamin P. Howden
74 Cadazolid 1348
Francis Magro and Helen W. Boucher
75 Radezolid 1354
Francis Magro and Helen W. Boucher
76 Tedizolid 1356
Monique R. Bidell, George L. Drusano, and Thomas P. Lodise
77 Quinupristin–Dalfopristin 1374
Denis Frasca, Olivier Mimoz, and Wiliam Couet
78 Pristinamycin 1386
Denis Frasca, Olivier Mimoz, and Wiliam Couet
79 Fosfomycin 1392
Niels Frimodt-Møller
80 Fusidate Sodium 1407
Niels Frimodt-Møller
81 Polymyxins 1420
Roger L. Nation and Jian Li
82 Novobiocin 1540
Johan W. Mouton
83 Bacitracin and Gramicidin 1454
Jean-Luc Murk and Jan Kluytmans
84 Mupirocin 1460
Nelianne J. Verkaik and Margreet C. Vos
85 Clindamycin and Lincomycin 1468
Larry Danziger and Gail S. Itokazu
86 Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol 1515
Graeme MacLaren and Frank Shann
87 Spectinomycin 1542
Johan W. Mouton
88 Fidaxomicin 1547
Ed J. Kuijper and Martijn P. Bauer
 Contents ix

89 Lefamulin 1556
Christabelle Min Chen and Timothy W. Felton
90 Retapamulin 1561
Christabelle Min Chen and Timothy W. Felton

Index I-1

VOLUME 2
Part 2:9 ANTIFOLATE AGENTS AND OTHER SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIALS
91 Sulfonamides 1571
Natasha E. Holmes and M. Lindsay Grayson
92 Trimethoprim and Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) 1625
Jason A. Trubiano and M. Lindsay Grayson
93 Pyrimethamine 1725
Bianca Graves, David Looke, and M. Lindsay Grayson
94 Dapsone 1746
David Looke
95 Trimetrexate 1769
Sabine De Silva and M. Lindsay Grayson
96 Iclaprim 1775
Andrew Stewardson and M. Lindsay Grayson
97 Nitrofurans: Nitrofurazone, Furazidine, and Nitrofurantoin 1784
Angela Huttner and Andrew Stewardson
98 Methenamine Mandelate and Methenamine Hippurate 1799
Matthew A. Murphy and M. Lindsay Grayson

Part 2:10 NITROIMIDAZOLES

99 Metronidazole 1807
Kyra Yu Lin Chua
100 Tinidazole 1850
Fiona Doukas, Eunice Liu, and Thomas Gottlieb

Part 2:11 QUINOLONES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES

2:11A NEW AND COMMONLY USED FLUOROQUINOLONES
101 Ciprofloxacin 1867
Jason Kwong and M. Lindsay Grayson
102 Norfloxacin 1986
Rhonda L. Stuart
103 Ofloxacin 2004
Wendy J. Munckhof
104 Levofloxacin 2055
David C. Hooper
105 Moxifloxacin 2085
Rhonda L. Stuart
106 Gemifloxacin 2110
George M. Eliopoulos
107 Sitafloxacin 2122
Rhonda L. Stuart and Ashwin Swaminathan
108 Delafloxacin 2132
Rekha Pai Mangalore, Jason Kwong, and M. Lindsay Grayson
109 Finafloxacin 2139
David C. Hooper
110 Prulifloxacin/Ulifloxacin 2147
G. Khai Lin Huang and M. Lindsay Grayson
x Contents

111 Avarofloxacin, Nemonoxacin, and Zabofloxacin 2157

Tony Allworth and M. Lindsay Grayson

2:11B OLDER, RARELY USED QUINOLONES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES

112 Enoxacin 2171
Patrick G. P. Charles
113 Fleroxacin 2180
Wendy J. Munckhof
114 Garenoxacin 2195
James Owen Robinson and Keryn Christiansen
115 Gatifloxacin 2213
James Owen Robinson and Keryn Christiansen
116 Lomefloxacin 2245
Patrick G. P. Charles
117 Nalidixic Acid and Other Quinolones 2254
Joe McCormack
118 Pefloxacin 2277
Patrick G. P. Charles
119 Rufloxacin 2290
Patrick G. P. Charles
120 Sparfloxacin 2294
Patrick G. P. Charles
121 Tosufloxacin 2304
Patrick G. P. Charles
122 Discontinued Fluoroquinolones 2309
Ashwin Swaminathan

Part 2:12 ANTI-TUBERCULOUS DRUGS

123 Isoniazid 2321
Grant Jenkin and David Sheffield
124 Ethambutol 2346
Tony M. Korman
125 Pyrazinamide 2361
Grant Jenkin
126 Rifampicin (Rifampin) 2369
Alan C. Street and Tony M. Korman
127 Rifabutin 2434
Tony M. Korman
128 Rifaximin 2450
Samar Ojaimi and Tony M. Korman
129 Rifapentine 2463
Grant Jenkin
130 Streptomycin 2471
Paul D. R. Johnson
131 para-Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS) 2488
Yusuke Minato and Anthony D. Baughn
132 Ethionamide and Prothionamide 2493
Paul D. R. Johnson
133 Thiacetazone 2503
Paul D. R. Johnson
134 Capreomycin 2510
Paul D. R. Johnson
135 Cycloserine and Terizidone 2520
Paul D. R. Johnson
136 Viomycin 2531
Sara E. Cosgrove
 Contents xi

137 Clofazimine 2533

Khai Lin Kong and Grant Jenkin
138 Bedaquiline 2542
Jeffrey A. Tornheim and Kelly E. Dooley
139 Delamanid and Pretomanid 2550
Eric L. Nuermberger and Emily Kendall
140 Sutezolid 2559
Nicole Salazar-Austin and Eric Nuermberger

Section 3 ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

Part 3:1 POLYENES

141 Amphotericin B Deoxycholate 2569
Neil R. H. Stone and Tihana Bicanic
142 Liposomal Amphotericin B 2612
Nenad Macesic, Neil R. H. Stone, and John R. Wingard
143 Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (ABLC) 2628
Andreas H. Groll
144 Nystatin 2646
Nenad Macesic and John R. Wingard
145 Natamycin 2653
Nenad Macesic and John R. Wingard

Part 3:2 ECHINOCANDINS

146 Caspofungin 2659
Russell E. Lewis, Nicholas D. Beyda, and Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
147 Micafungin 2681
Nicholas D. Beyda, Russell E. Lewis, and Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
148 Anidulafungin 2693
Jodi M. Lestner and William Hope

Part 3:3 ALLYLAMINES AND BENZYLAMINE DERIVATIVES

149 Terbinafine 2709
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham
150 Butenafine 2720
Russell E. Lewis, Nicholas D. Beyda, and Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
151 Naftifine 2725
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham

Part 3:4 SYSTEMIC AZOLES

152 Ketoconazole 2731
Dionysios Neofytos
153 Fluconazole 2756
Sharon C. A. Chen and Tania C. Sorrell
154 Itraconazole 2786
Jeniel E. Nett and David R. Andes
155 Miconazole 2812
Dionysios Neofytos
156 Voriconazole 2823
Michael Neely and Dionysios Neofytos
157 Posaconazole 2843
Fedja Farowski and Oliver A. Cornely
158 Isavuconazole 2858
Michelle R. Ananda-Rajah, Christina C. Chang, and Monica A. Slavin
159 Albaconazole 2870
Christina C. Chang and Monica A. Slavin
xii Contents

160 Ravuconazole 2876

Virginia Ramos-Martín, Li Min Ling, and Monica A. Slavin

Part 3:5 TOPICAL AZOLES

161 Topical Azoles 2885
Joanne L. Sharp and Michael A. Pfaller

Part 3:6 TOPICAL AGENTS—THIOCARBOMATES, HYDROXYPYRIDONES, AND MORPHOLINE

162 Tolnaftate 2901
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham
163 Amorolfine 2904
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham
164 Ciclopirox 2909
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham
165 Rilopirox 2914
Mahmoud Ghannoum and Nancy Isham

Part 3:7 OTHER ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

166 Flucytosine (5-Fluorocytosine; 5-FC) 2919
Lance Turtle and William Hope
167 Griseofulvin 2927
Lance Turtle and William Hope
168 Haloprogin 2933
Virginia Ramos-Martín and William Hope

Index I-1

VOLUME 3

Section 4 ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS

Part 4:1 ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS

169 Artemisinins 2941
Kamala Thriemer, Julie A. Simpson, James S. McCarthy, and Ric N. Price
170 Artesunate 2964
Robert J. Commons, Julie A. Simpson, James S. McCarthy, and Ric N. Price
171 Artemether–Lumefantrine 2974
Robert J. Commons, Julia A. Simpson, and Ric N. Price
172 Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine 2989
Harin Karunajeewa
173 Pyronaridine–Artesunate 3006
Harin Karunajeewa
174 Artemisinin–Naphthoquine 3019
Laurens Manning and Timothy M. E. Davis
175 Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine 3030
Bridget E. Barber
176 Amodiaquine 3049
Damon P. Eisen
177 Quinine and Quinidine 3058
Krispin M. Hajkowicz and Allen C. Cheng
178 Mefloquine 3075
Krispin M. Hajkowicz
179 Halofantrine 3091
Ric N. Price, Julie A. Simpson, and James S. McCarthy
180 Primaquine 3097
Michael D. Edstein and G. Dennis Shanks
 Contents xiii

181 Tafenoquine 3110

G. Dennis Shanks
182 Atovaquone 3117
Andrew M. Redmond
183 Proguanil and Chlorproguanil 3127
Timothy M. E. Davis
184 Atovaquone–Proguanil 3136
John F. McNamara

Part 4:2 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST INTESTINAL AND EXTRA-INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

185 Paromomycin 3149
Rusheng Chew and James S. McCarthy
186 Nitazoxanide 3162
David Reynoso and A. Clinton White, Jr.
187 Spiramycin 3175
Miles H. Beaman
188 Fumagillin 3183
James Pollard
189 Furazolidone (Furazolidine) 3187
Jaslyn Doshi and Paul M. Griffin
190 Diloxanide Furoate 3195
Jared E. Eisemann and Paul M. Griffin
191 Iodoquinol and Quinacrine 3200
James Pollard and James S. McCarthy

Part 4:3 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

192 Benznidazole 3205
Ralph K. Junckerstorff and Ronan J. Murray
193 Nifurtimox 3211
Ronan J. Murray

Part 4:4 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

194 Suramin 3225
Jonathan Darby
195 Melarsoprol 3237
Jonathan Darby
196 Eflornithine 3253
Jonathan Darby

Part 4:5 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST LEISHMANIA AND OTHER PATHOGENS

197 Pentamidine 3271
Marion L. Woods
198 Antimonial Agents 3280
Edward Raby
199 Miltefosine 3292
Andrew Stewardson and Douglas Johnson

Part 4:6 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST HELMINTHS

200 Albendazole 3313
John Horton
201 Mebendazole 3330
John Horton
202 Thiabendazole and Flubendazole 3338
John Horton
203 Triclabendazole 3347
John Horton
xiv Contents

204 Ivermectin and Moxidectin 3351

Kate Mounsey
205 Diethylcarbamazine 3370
Sarah Coghill, Steve McGloughlin, and James S. McCarthy
206 Pyrantel and Oxantel Pamoate 3381
Steven Kopp and Jennifer Keiser
207 Praziquantel 3385
Paul B. Bartley
208 Oxamniquine and Metrifonate 3397
Paul B. Bartley
209 Niclosamide 3405
Paul M. Griffin and James S. McCarthy

Part 4:7 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST ECTOPARASITES

210 Permethrin 3413
Richard Speare, Deon V. Canyon, Jorg Heukelbach, and Essam S. Shaalan
211 Lindane and Malathion 3423
Jorg Heukelbach, Richard Speare, Essam S. Shaalan, and Deon V. Canyon
212 Crotamiton 3440
Bart J. Currie

Section 5 ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

Part 5:1 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST HERPESVIRUSES

213 Aciclovir and Valaciclovir 3449
Renee-Claude Mercier and Gregory Mertz
214 Famciclovir and Penciclovir 3493
Zeena Nawas, Elmira Ramos, Jarad Peranteau, Larry Tong, and Stephen K. Tyring
215 Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir 3502
Camille E. Beauduy and Mark A. Jacobson
216 Cidofovir and Brincidofovir 3531
Graciela Andrei and Robert Snoeck
217 Brivudin 3572
Erik De Clercq
218 Discontinued Herpesvirus Agent: Vidarabine 3582
Suzanne M. Crowe and John Mills
219 Foscarnet 3586
John Mills and Suzanne M. Crowe
220 Letermovir 3619
Samuel L. Aitken, Rob Saunders, Roy F. Chemaly, and Gerhard Ehninger
221 Trifluridine (Trifluorothymidine) 3627
John Mills
222 Idoxuridine 3634
John Mills
223 Maribavir 3640
Sunwen Chou
224 Fomivirsen 3647
Lisa Grillone and Ronni Lieberman

Part 5:2 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

5:2A NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
225 Zidovudine 3657
Catherine L. Cherry and Suzanne M. Crowe
226 Didanosine 3698
Jean-Michel Molina
 Contents xv

227 Zalcitabine 3723

Suzanne M. Crowe and John Mills
228 Lamivudine 3729
Jennifer Audsley, Michelle Giles, and Sharon R. Lewin
229 Stavudine 3755
Willem Daniel Francois Venter and Ian Sanne
230 Abacavir 3773
Paul U. Cameron and Jason A. Trubiano
231 Emtricitabine 3801
Janine Trevillyan and Edwina Wright
232 Tenofovir 3823
Angie N. Pinto and David A. Cooper
233 Amdoxovir 3847
Suzanne M. Crowe and John Mills
234 Apricitabine 3850
Suzanne M. Crowe and John Mills

5:2B NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS

235 Nevirapine 3855
Jennifer Hoy
236 Efavirenz 3907
Alan C. Street and Irani Thevarajan
237 Delavirdine 3959
John Mills and Suzanne M. Crowe
238 Etravirine 3970
Joost Vermeulen and Marc van der Valk
239 Rilpivirine 3989
John Mills

5:2C INHIBITORS OF HIV PROTEASE

240 Saquinavir 4019
Matthew D. M. Rawlins and Martyn A. French
241 Indinavir 4061
Mark A. Boyd and Suzanne M. Crowe
242 Nelfinavir 4075
Suzanne M. Crowe, Lars Ostergaard, and John Mills
243 Lopinavir 4087
Harry W. Lampiris and Catherine A. Koss
244 Fosamprenavir 4104
Suzanne M. Crowe, Christine Katlama, and Robert Murphy
245 Darunavir 4125
Allen C. Cheng, Ramona Muttucumaru, and Suzanne M. Crowe
246 Atazanavir 4142
Sarah L. Pett and Sean Emery
247 Tipranavir 4158
Stefano Rusconi
248 Ritonavir and Cobicistat 4180
Alison Duncan

5:2D INTEGRASE INHIBITORS

249 Raltegravir 4215
Martin Markowitz and Teresa Hope Evering
250 Elvitegravir 4242
Mary W. Montgomery and Paul E. Sax
251 Dolutegravir 4259
Keith A. Pappa, Mark A. Wainberg, and Andrew R. Zolopa
xvi Contents

5:2E OTHER ANTI-HIV AGENTS

252 Enfuvirtide 4297
Juan Ambrosioni and Jose M. Gatell
253 Maraviroc 4307
Michael Roche, Sharon R. Lewin, and Paul R. Gorry

Part 5:3 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST HEPATITIS VIRUSES

254 Entecavir 4323
Allen C. Cheng and Joe Sasadeusz
255 Adefovir Dipivoxil 4335
Wai-Kay Seto, Ching-Lung Lai, and Man-Fung Yuen
256 Telbivudine 4345
Jinlin Hou and Rong Fan
257 Discontinued Hepatitis Agents: Torcitabine and Valtorcitabine 4356
John Mills and Suzanne M. Crowe
258 Discontinued Hepatitis Agent: Clevudine 4359
Ruth Chin, Joseph Torresi, and John Mills
259 Ribavirin 4367
Emily Woolnough, Amanda Wade, and Joe Sasadeusz
260 Interferon Alpha 4409
Jason Grebely, Gregory Dore, and William Sievert
261 Protease, Polymerase and Assembly Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection 4432
Marianne Martinello, Jason Grebely, and Gregory Dore
262 Sofosbuvir Combined with Ledipasvir, Daclatasvir, or Other Drugs 4477
Marc Bourlière, Philippe Halfon, Valérie Oules, and Christelle Ansaldi
263 Ombitasvir Combined with Paritaprevir, Dasabuvir, or Other Drugs 4499
Anna Patel and Ira M. Jacobson
264 Grazoprevir Combined with Elbasvir or Other Drugs 4510
William Sievert and Edward Gane

PART 5:4 AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUSES

265 Amantadine and Rimantadine 4523
John Mills and Suzanne M. Crowe
266 Zanamivir, Laninamivir, and Polyvalent Zanamivir Conjugates 4550
Fred Y. Aoki
267 Oseltamivir 4580
Fred Y. Aoki
268 Peramivir 4610
Fred Y. Aoki

PART 5:5 INVESTIGATIONAL ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

269 Investigational Antiviral Drugs 4629
John Mills, Suzanne M. Crowe, and Marianne Martinello

Index I-1