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Specification For Hot Insulation
Specification For Hot Insulation
Specification for Hot Insulation 1 of 55
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0SCOPE .. ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2.0GENERAL . ............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.0MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................................ 3
4.0APPLICATION ......................................................................................................................................... 4
5.0REUSABLE PAD TYPE INSULATION COVERS............................................................................................. 10
6.0STORAGE TANKS .................................................................................................................................. 12
7.0INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL .................................................................................................... 13
Specification for Hot Insulation 2 of 55
2.4 Insulation shall not be applied to any piping,
1.0 SCOPE vessels, or other process equipment before any
required protective coating has been applied and
such items have been inspected, tested, and
1.1 This specification covers specific materials,
approved for the intended services unless prior
fabrication, installation, and inspection
COMPANY approval is obtained.
requirements for insulation of hot process piping,
vessels, tanks, and equipment operating between
2.5 The MANUFACTURER'S recommendation
the temperatures of 70 F (21 C) and 1200 F
shall be followed in handling, storage, and
(649 C).
application of insulation system components.
Strict adherence to the MANUFACTURER'S
1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to
suggested operating limitations is required.
that required for conservation of heat,
maintenance of operating temperature, and/or
2.6 The insulation shall be protected from
personnel protection.
moisture, weather, and damage before, during,
and after application.
1.3 Exceptions or variations shown in the
project specifications shall take precedence over
2.7 All surfaces to be insulated shall be dry. All
the requirements stated herein. Alternatives
insulation shall be kept dry prior to application of
stated in this specification may be exercised
the weather barrier. If insulation becomes wet, it
subject to prior written COMPANY approval.
shall be discarded and replaced.
2.8 No field welding of insulation clips or
2.0 GENERAL supports, etc., is to be done except with specific
written authorization of the COMPANY
2.1 Vessels, equipment, and piping shall be representative. Welding materials and procedures
insulated in accordance with the project shall be reviewed, and welders shall be tested and
specifications and this document. The term approved prior to receiving written authorization.
"vessel" includes towers, drums, reactors, heat
exchangers, and similar items. The term 2.9 Nameplates and code stamps shall be left
"equipment" includes such items as engines, uncovered and readable.
turbines, and pumps.
2.2 The Insulation Material Specification and 3.0 MATERIALS
thickness requirements are indicated on the
drawings and piping isometrics. Equipment
3.1 Materials (specified or referenced by
insulation material and thickness requirements are
MANUFACTURER) and designation are intended to
indicated on the equipment schedule.
define the type and quality of material only and are
not intended to exclude equal or better items
2.3 This specification requires compliance with
offered by other MANUFACTURERS. Products of
all applicable federal, state, and local laws and
reputable MANUFACTURERS and of comparable
regulations.
type, quality, and other physical characteristics
may be proposed for use, subject to COMPANY
approval.
Specification for Hot Insulation 3 of 55
3.2 Insulation materials shall be compatible 4.1.2 Chlorinated solvents shall not be used for
with the surfaces on which they are applied. cleaning stainless steel.
Galvanized materials such as tie wire and chicken
wire mesh shall not be used on stainless steel 4.1.3 All insulation sections shall be trimmed and
piping and vessels. All such materials for use on tightly butted to eliminate voids.
stainless steel piping and vessels shall be stainless
steel. 4.1.4 When standard flat blocks trimmed to fit in
the field are used, all joints shall be pointed up
3.3 "Galvalume" jacketing shall not be used on with insulating cement before applying the
stainless steel piping and vessels. weather barrier. This does not preclude the use of
scored and beveled blocks wherever possible.
3.4 Only non‐asbestos materials shall be used.
4.2 Piping and Vessels
3.5 Flashing compounds, joint sealers,
caulkings, and mastics shall require COMPANY 4.2.1 Pipe diameter will be that of published
approval prior to any material commitment or start nominal pipe sizes. Tolerances shall be in
of work. accordance with the applicable ASTM specification
3.6 All materials shall be new. Materials such 4.2.2 When insulation is called for on piping, any
as insulation blocks, pipe coverings, cements, and additional items relating to the lines, such as vents,
weathering compounds shall be furnished at the drains, and bypasses that form a part of the piping
jobsite in factory sealed containers. system, shall be considered part of the insulation
3.7 Specific material requirements are found in work, even though they are not identified by an
the Insulation Material Specifications (COMPANY individual line number.
Engineering Specification IH‐1.0.1) and is to be
considered a part of this Specification. 4.2.3 Piping and cylindrical vessels with outside
diameters of 30 inches (760mm) and less shall
3.8 Insulation materials shall have a flame normally have "sectional preformed pipe"
spread and smoke density rating of 25/50 or less insulation.
per ASTM E 84.
a. Insulation may be installed in single or
multiple layers. No individual layer shall be
4.0 APPLICATION more than 3 inches (76mm) thick.
b. The outer layer of sectional pipe insulation
shall be secured with wire or bands on 9
4.1 General
inch (229mm) centers. Inner layers shall be
secured on 18 inch (457mm) centers.
4.1.1 Unpainted metal surfaces shall have grease,
Insulation on piping and vessels 12 inches
rust, dirt, and other foreign materials removed by
(305mm) in diameter and smaller shall be
solvent cleaning and wire brush or by other means
secured with wire. Insulation on piping and
acceptable to the COMPANY prior to insulating.
vessels larger than 12 inches (305mm) in
Stainless steel items shall be wire brushed with
diameter shall be secured with bands.
stainless steel brushes only. Painted metal
c. Wire ends shall be bent and pressed into
surfaces shall have grease, dirt, and other foreign
the insulation.
materials removed by solvent cleaning or by other
d. In all cases, at least four (4) wires or bands
means acceptable to the COMPANY prior to
per 3 foot (910mm) section of insulation
insulating.
shall be installed on the outer layer.
Specification for Hot Insulation 4 of 55
e. In multiple layer installations, all joints in 4.2.6 Expansion springs shall be installed on all
adjacent layers shall be staggered a bands that secure the outer layer of insulation on
minimum of 2 inches (51mm). cylindrical surfaces as required by Table 1 of this
f. Each layer shall be secured with wire or specification. Expansion springs shall be evenly
bands before the succeeding layer is spaced around the circumference. 4 inch (102mm)
applied. long springs shall be stretched 1/2 inch (13mm)
upon installation.
4.2.4 Insulation shall be omitted 9 inches
(229mm) either side of pipe supports on NPS 2 and a. Expansion springs shall also be installed on
smaller pipe if the pipe rests directly on the all bands that secure the inner layers of
support. The insulation shall be continuous where insulation in accordance with Table 1 of this
the pipe is heat traced or where the pipe is specification where brittle or fracturable
supported on pipe shoes. insulation materials, such as calcium silicate
or cellular glass, are used.
4.2.5 Piping and cylindrical vessels with outside
diameters over 30 inches (760mm) shall be 4.2.7 Attachments on vessels projecting beyond
insulated with preformed curved segments, the insulation, such as stiffening rings, shall be
mitered logs cut from flat blocks, or blankets. considered an integral part of the vessel and shall
be insulated and finished in the same manner as
a. Block and curved segment insulation shall the vessel. Thickness of insulation on such
be applied with length of block/segment attachments and projections shall be the same as
parallel to greatest length of surface to be the adjoining insulation.
insulated. All successive end joints shall be
staggered and the blocks scored or sized to 4.3 Heat Tracing
eliminate gaps between surfaces and
blocks. Block and curved segment 4.3.1 Where heat tracing is indicated, pipe
insulation can be applied in multiple layer insulation must normally be at least one pipe size
construction, where required, with all joints larger than the pipe or must have an extended leg
in the adjacent layers staggered a minimum on the tracer side. No grooving or deforming of
of 2 inches (51mm). the insulation to accommodate the tracing will be
b. No individual layer shall be more than 3 allowed.
inches (76mm) thick.
c. The outer layer of insulation shall be a. For traced lines larger than 2 inch (51mm),
secured with bands on 12 inch (305mm) stabilize the insulation with 1 inch (25mm)
centers. Inner layers shall be secured with by 9 inch (229mm) long spacers on 18 inch
bands on 18 inch (454m) maximum centers. (457mm) centers between the insulation ID
d. The edges of metal mesh covered blanket and the pipe OD. Spacer material shall be
insulation shall be laced with wire to the the same as the pipe insulation. Center
adjacent blanket on both sides. spacer at supported butt joints. Spacer
e. Blanket insulation shall be cut to wrap shall be thick enough to provide firm
around the vessel in one piece wherever support.
practical. b. Secure insulation on electric traced piping
f. Multi‐layer insulation is required where the systems with 1 inch (25mm) wide filament
operating temperature exceeds 600 F tape. Wrap the tape 1 1/2 times around.
(316 C). Do not use wire.
Specification for Hot Insulation 5 of 55
4.3.2 No insulation material shall be applied 4.4.3 Vessel insulation supports will be provided
between the pipe and tracer except for spacers to by the vessel FABRICATOR in accordance with
prevent local overheating of the pipe where Figures 4, 5, and 6 of this specification for vertical
specified. vessels and Figure 7 of this specification for
horizontal vessels.
4.3.3 On vertical piping provide draft stops of
heat transfer cement on approximately 4 feet 4.4.4 On vessels that are skirt‐supported, the
(1.2m) centers. insulation support ring for the bottom head shall
be welded to the inside of the skirt if it is not
a. For temperatures to 375 F (191 C) use provided by the vessel shop. The support ring shall
nonhardening HTM. For temperatures not contact nozzles or any other protruding metal.
375 F (191 C) and above use water soluble
HTM. 4.4.5 Welding pins may be used to support
b. Do not use insulating and/or finishing insulation on spherical vessels or on irregular
cement. compound curved surfaces, subject to COMPANY
c. Tie a piece of scrim glass cloth around pipe approval. In such applications, speed clips shall be
and tracer to support the HTM. The HTM used to hold insulation on studs that are bent over
shall be 1 inch (25mm) wide. above the clip. Split pins shall be spread, bent
over, and embedded 1/2 inch (13mm) into the
4.4 Insulation Supports insulation. Depressions shall be filled with
insulating cement. See paragraph 2.8 of this
4.4.1 Location and details of insulation supports, specification.
if provided, will be shown on vessel and equipment
drawings or piping isometrics. Where insulation a. Spacing and layout details for welding studs
supports have not been provided, the insulation shall require COMPANY approval.
shall be supported by the insulation CONTRACTOR
in accordance with good practice and with the 4.5 Insulation Expansion Joints
approval of the COMPANY representative.
4.5.1 Vertical and horizontal vessels and piping
a. Good practice shall include supporting pipe operating at or above temperatures of 500 F
outside the insulation, outdoors and areas (260 C) shall have insulation expansion joints
where the insulation can get wet. provided at each support or stiffening ring, 21 foot
1 inch (6.43m) maximum spacing.
4.4.2 On vertical piping runs, the insulation
CONTRACTOR shall furnish and install all clamped a. The expansion space between the
insulation supports. underside of the ring and the insulation
shall be packed with loose mineral fiber
a. If vertical lines are steam or electric traced, insulation. The loose mineral fiber shall be
these supports shall provide adequate packed to of its unrestrained volume.
clearance for the tracer. b. The loose mineral fiber insulation shall be
b. Insulation supports shall be in accordance retained by the jacketing or a suitable
with dimensions specified in Figure 2 of this flashing to prevent rainwater entering into
specification and shall be installed at 21 the expansion joint.
foot 1 inch (6.43m) intervals, maximum. c. Locate expansion joints at the top of
vertical runs on pipe.
Specification for Hot Insulation 6 of 55
4.5.2 At least one expansion joint shall be 4.7.1 Flanges and flanged valves in insulated lines
provided for each vessel or piping run in excess of 8 shall be insulated where specified by the drawings
feet (2.44m) in length and operating at or project specifications. Reusable pad type
temperatures at or above 500 F (260 C). insulation covers shall be used where they are
Insulation expansion joints are not required for required to be insulated. See Section 5 of this
vessels or piping runs less than 8 feet (2.44m) in specification for reusable pad type cover
length. specifications.
4.5.3 Insulation expansion joints are not required 4.7.2 Screwed valves shall be insulated with
on vertical vessels insulated with block insulation insulating cement and finished with mastic or
where the insulation supports are designed and covered with continuous pipe insulation where
spaced as shown in Figure 6 of this specification, feasible. See Figure 3 of this specification.
since the insulation blocks are slightly compressed
in this insulation system. Insulation expansion 4.7.3 Flanges on exchangers and vessel manways
joints are required on vertical vessels insulated shall be insulated with reusable pad type insulation
with blanket insulation as shown in Figure 5 of this covers. The permanent insulation on exchangers
specification. shall be terminated at a suitable distance from the
flanges to allow the removal of flange bolts without
4.6 Insulation Terminations damage to the insulation. Recommended distance
is the length of the flange bolts plus 1 inch (25mm).
4.6.1 The open end of all insulation shall be
neatly finished and weatherproofed by either using 4.7.4 Where specified, a stainless steel drip ring
preformed metal caps or reinforced mastic system. shall be installed around flanged connections with
an NPS 1/2 drip tube extending through a grommet
a. Preformed caps shall be used wherever in the bottom of the insulation cover.
practical and shall be of the same material
as the jacketing. All seams and joints shall 4.7.5 Flanged joints shall not be insulated until
be caulked. Where other than metal the piping system has reached operating conditions
jacketing is applied, use the reinforced and any leaks have been eliminated.
mastic.
b. When it is not practical to use preformed 4.8 Fittings
caps, the open end of the insulation shall be
beveled and sealed with glass cloth 4.8.1 Fittings shall be insulated with premolded
reinforced mastic, applied as described in fittings insulation. Mitered pipe insulation may be
paragraph 4.12.6 of this specification. used where premolded commercial fittings are not
available.
4.6.2 Insulation adjoining flanges shall be
terminated at a suitable distance from the flange a. Where premolded fittings insulation is not
to allow easy removal of nuts and stud bolts practical on NPS 1 1/2 or smaller sizes, high
without damage to the insulation. Recommended temperature temp‐mat fiberglass insulation
distance is the length of flange bolts plus 1 inch shall be used.
(25mm). See Figure 3 of this specification. b. Mitered pipe insulation may be used only
with prior COMPANY approval.
4.7 Flanges and Valves c. Fibrous adhesive shall be used for installing
calcium silicate and perlite silicate
fabricated elbows and fittings. The mitered
edges shall be contoured to provide
clearance for the fitting cover.
Specification for Hot Insulation 7 of 55
d. The thickness of the insulation on fittings 4.12.1 The insulation shall be inspected and
shall be equal to the thickness of adjoining approved by the COMPANY representative prior to
pipe insulation. application of the weather barrier.
4.9 Vessel Heads 4.12.2 All insulated outdoor piping, vessels,
exchangers, and other equipment except as
4.9.1 Insulation of fixed vessel heads shall be excluded in paragraph 4.12.6 of this specification
installed per Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this shall be weatherproofed with metal jacketing as
specification. follows:
4.9.2 Vessel heads shall be insulated to the same a. The jacketing material requirements are
thickness as the shells. Blanket or block insulation, found on the Insulation Material
neatly beveled to ensure a close fit, shall be used. Specification attached to this specification.
b. Smooth jacketing over insulation for
a. Engineered vessel head segments shall be cylindrical surfaces 30 inches (760mm)
considered to insure tight insulation joints diameter and smaller shall be secured with
and ease of installation. The FABRICATOR 1/2 inch by 0.015 (13mm by 0.38mm)
will require a vessel detail drawing. stainless steel bands and seals placed at 12
4.9.3 Insulation for removable heads on inch (305mm) centers, maximum, over each
exchangers, strainers, etc., shall be removable and circumferential overlap and at least at the
reusable pad type covers. center of each course of jacketing.
c. Screws are not permitted to secure
4.10 Vessel Skirts jacketing on electrically traced lines.
d. Smooth jacketing for cylindrical surfaces
4.10.1 Insulation on both the inside and the indoors or 10 feet (3m) OD or less shall be
outside of skirts shall be equal to the shell secured with minimum 3/4 inch by 0.015
insulation thickness where the skirt is required to inch (19mm by 0.38mm) stainless steel
be insulated. bands and seals placed on 12 inch (305mm)
centers and over each circumferential
4.11 Insulating and Finishing Cement overlap.
e. Pipe jacketing shall be applied with 2 inch
4.11.1 Finishing and insulating cements shall only (51mm) circumferential or longitudinal laps
be applied to facilitate the application of a weather as applicable. Vessel and tank jacketing
barrier. shall be applied with minimum 3 inch
(76mm) circumferential and longitudinal
4.11.2 All cements shall be completely dry prior to laps. Corrugated sheeting shall lap 1 1/2
coating and/or covering with a weather barrier. corrugations on the vertical seam.
4.11.3 The insulating and finishing cement shall be
mixed and applied according to the
MANUFACTURER'S recommendations.
4.11.4 Insulating and finishing cement shall be
applied to the same thickness as the adjoining
insulation.
4.12 Weather Barriers
Specification for Hot Insulation 8 of 55
f. Smooth jacketing and corrugated sheeting l. A square frame made from 20 gauge by 1
outdoors for cylindrical surfaces greater inch wide (0.89 by 25mm) stainless steel flat
than 10 feet (3m) OD shall be secured with bar, welded together at the corners, shall
1 1/4 inch by 0.020 inch (32mm by 0.51mm) be used for anchoring bands at manways
stainless steel bands and seals placed on 18 and other large vessel openings. The frame
inch (460mm) centers and over each shall be placed over the nozzle and the ends
circumferential lap. On corrugated sheeting of the jacket bands attached to the vertical
the bands and seals are placed on 3 feet sides of the frame.
(.9m) and over each circumferential lap.
The vertical seams shall be secured with 4.12.3 Expansion springs shall be installed on all
stainless steel No. 6 self‐drilling, self‐ bands that secure the jacketing on cylindrical
tapping screw 1/2 inch (13mm) long on 6 surfaces as required by Table 1 of this specification.
inch (152mm) centers on the ridge of the Expansion springs shall be evenly spaced around
corrugation. the circumference. 4 inch (102mm) long springs
g. On all vertical vessels and piping, "S" clips shall be stretched 1/2 inch (13mm) upon
shall be used on every circumferential lap installation. Super Mity‐Springs shall be
to support the jacket. "S" clips shall be compressed ¼ inch (6.4mm) upon installation.
spaced no more than 18 inches (460mm)
apart around the circumference with a 4.12.4 All overlaps in metal jacketing which are not
minimum of 2 clips per sheet of jacketing. installed in a watershed fashion, such as
The upper leg of the "S" clip shall retain the longitudinal seams in vertical piping and
band and be screwed to the upper course circumferential seams in horizontal piping, shall be
of jacketing. The screw shall not bind sealed with a continuous bead of caulking
adjacent courses of jacketing together. See compound under the laps.
Figures 5 and 6 of this specification.
h. "U" clips shall be installed on all bands on 4.12.5 All openings in the jacket for nozzles,
vertical vessels larger than 12 feet (3.7m) brackets, nameplates, etc., shall be cut as close as
diameter that are not retained by "S" clips. possible to achieve a tight fit and sealed with a
The band shall rest in the pocket of the "U" minimum 3/8 inch (8mm) bead of caulking
clip and both ends of the clip shall be compound. Any gap greater than 1/4 inch (6mm) is
secured to the jacketing by one of the not acceptable. Do not feather edge the bead of
screws at each longitudinal jacket seam. caulking. Caulking shall be applied on a clean, dry
The clips shall be spaced 4 foot (1.2m) on surface. Caulk all openings on the same day the
center except at expansion springs where jacket is installed.
they shall be 12 inches (305mm) on each
side of the spring. 4.12.6 Irregularly shaped surfaces on which metal
i. On horizontal equipment and piping, the jacketing cannot be made to fit properly shall be
longitudinal finish lap shall be positioned to weather‐proofed with an acrylic water base mastic
shed rainwater and minimize dust system in the following manner:
collecting. The overlaps shall be positioned
30 degree below horizontal. a. The surface of the insulation shall receive a
j. Preformed 2‐piece fitting covers for fittings tack coat of mastic a minimum 0.015 inches
shall be used wherever possible to the (0.38mm) dry film thickness (DFT).
largest commercially available size. On b. Reinforcing cloth shall be neatly stretched
larger sizes use the metal gore system. over the surface with edges overlapping at
k. Sheet metal screws shall not bind adjacent least 2 inches (51mm) and embedded in the
courses of jacketing together at the tack coat.
circumferential lap.
Specification for Hot Insulation 9 of 55
c. A second finish coat of mastic shall be 13 of this specification, and the following
applied over the reinforcing cloth at a requirements:
minimum 0.04 inches (1mm) DFT or at the
MANUFACTURER'S recommended rate. a. Inspection ports installed in insulation
d. All mastic coats shall extend at least 3 where the outside diameter of the
inches (76mm) under any adjoining metal insulation is less than 12 inches (305mm)
jacket. shall be 1 1/2 inches (38mm) in diameter.
e. Do not dilute or water down the mastic. b. Inspection ports installed in insulation
The mastic system shall be completed on where the outside diameter of the
the same day. insulation is 12 inches (305mm) or more
shall be 2 1/2 inches (64mm) in diameter.
4.13 Ultrasonic Inspection Ports c. An 'O' ring gasket supplied with the plug
shall be applied under the grommet lip
4.13.1 Ultrasonic inspection ports shall be installed before it is inserted into the insulation and
by the CONTRACTOR at points designated by the when installed shall provide a watertight
COMPANY. Ultrasonic inspection ports are seal between the grommet and the
generally required as follows: jacketing.
d. The insulation plug used in the inspection
a. Piping ‐ As shown in Figure 12 of this port shall be high temperature, high density
specification. Temp‐Mat type fiberglass blanket.
b. Vessels:
1. Two inspection ports shall be 5.0 REUSABLE PAD TYPE INSULATION COVERS
installed on each vessel head.
5.1 General
2. An inspection port shall be installed
on vertical vessel shells at each
5.1.1 Reusable pad type insulation covers shall be
platform.
used in the following applications where insulation
3. Two inspection ports shall be
is required, unless otherwise specified:
installed on horizontal vessel shells
for each 10 feet (3m) of length,
a. Flanged valves in insulated lines.
except that a minimum of 2 ports
b. Flanges in insulated lines.
shall be provided at each end (one
c. Piping through the first valve from heat
on top and one on bottom).
exchangers, pumps, and turbines, provided
the valve is not more than 15 feet (4.6m)
4.13.2 Inspection ports shall not be installed
from the piece of equipment.
through support wire or banding.
d. Vessel nozzle flanges and nozzle necks up to
the permanent insulation.
4.13.3 The type of inspection port to be used is
e. Vessel manways and inspection openings.
specified on the drawings or in the project
f. Removable heat exchanger channels,
specifications.
channel covers, and shell covers.
g. Pumps, turbines, and compressors.
4.13.4 Where "Speedcheck" plugs are specified,
they shall be installed in all inspection holes cut in
the insulation.
4.13.5 Where "V.I.P." inspection ports are
specified, they shall be installed in accordance with
the MANUFACTURER'S recommendations, Figure
Specification for Hot Insulation 10 of 55
5.1.2 Nominal insulation thickness shall be based 5.2.3 The inner lining for operating temperatures
on the operating temperature of the item to be up to 600 F (316 C) shall be the same as the outer
insulated with an outside cover temperature not to fabric. The inner lining for operating temperatures
exceed 140 F (60 C) which shall be as follows: over 600 F (316 C) shall be high temperature glass
cloth (18 oz./yd. sq.) impregnated with vermiculite,
Temperature Thickness Textiles Coated Inc., Pyro‐Jac 1800 or COMPANY
F C Inches mm approved equal.
Up to 400 Up to 204 1 25
400‐500 204‐260 2 51 5.2.4 Lacing anchors shall be 12 gauge (2.66mm)
500‐600 260‐316 2 1/2 64 thick, 1 1/2 by 3/16 inch (38 by 5mm) lead, Type
600‐800 316‐427 3 1/2 90 304 stainless steel.
800‐900 427‐482 4 102
5.2.5 For high mechanical abuse areas, a 60
5.1.3 Covers may be either field or shop density knitted wire mesh with 0.011 inch
fabricated. (0.28mm) diameter type 304 stainless steel wire
shall be required to cover over the other cover
5.1.4 Shop‐fabricated covers shall be boxed and finishes.
shipped with the identification tag information (see
paragraph 5.4 of this specification) legibly printed 5.2.6 The covers shall be machine sewn with high
on each box. temperature thread, Teflon coated for
temperature exposure up to 650 F (343 C). Above
5.1.5 The cover FABRICATOR shall provide an 650 F (343 F) use stainless steel wire thread,
installation drawing for large covers which consist nylon coated.
of multiple pieces. Each cover piece shall be
labeled with a piece number on the installation 5.2.7 Tie wire shall be 18 gauge (1.2mm) stainless
drawing, and the piece number shall be included steel wire.
on the cover identification tag. Installation
drawings are not required with flange and valve 5.2.8 Velcro strapping may be used to secure the
covers unless specifically requested for covers, however it shall be stainless steel.
replacement purposes.
5.3 Design
5.2 Materials
5.3.1 Covers shall be designed and fabricated in
5.2.1 Insulation shall be a flexible fibrous glass as few pieces as practical. Weight for any one
insulation manufactured in mat form and piece shall not exceed 50 pounds (23 kg).
containing no binders. Material to be
Insulbatte/Tempmat by JPS Glass Fabrics Div., or 5.3.2 The seams of all covers shall be machine
COMPANY approved equal. sewn 8 to 10 stitches per inch (25mm). Each seam
shall be double stitched. The seams shall be
5.2.2 The outer fabric shall be a PTFE‐coated hemmed with no exposed edges. All cover ends
fiberglass cloth, approximately 16 oz./yd. sq. shall be gusseted for full insulation thickness.
Material to be Textiles Coated, Inc. EJ1650 or Pillow construction is not acceptable.
COMPANY approved equal.
5.3.3 All covers exposed to high mechanical
abuse shall be completely encapsulated in a
covering of type 304 stainless steel, 60 density,
0.011 inch (0.28mm) diameter knitted wire mesh.
Specification for Hot Insulation 11 of 55
5.3.4 Flange and valve covers to be installed in 5.4.1 A stainless steel tag shall be permanently
the horizontal position shall have a seam on the attached to each separate cover or cover segment.
bottom side of the cover. If it is not practical to The following information shall be shown in the
locate a seam on the bottom of the cover, a drain following format. If the cover is one of several
grommet shall be provided. Drain grommets shall segments of a large cover, the piece number shall
also be provided where drip tubes are required by be included on the identification tag (see
paragraph 4.7.4 of this specification, located such paragraph 5.1.5 of this specification). All
that the drip tube extends through the grommet. information shall be stamped in raised letters.
5.3.4.1 Strapping fabricated from the outside cover Valves
material and tied with stainless 'D' rings or Velcro is 6"‐ Class 300 Valve Size and Rating
an acceptable method. 6"‐ HR‐1‐H‐A2‐1 Line Number
RE‐028‐8403‐PN‐6‐B Drawing Number
5.3.5 All reusable blankets shall be installed with
lacing anchors and soft stainless steel wire. Lacing Flanges
anchors shall be secured to the blanket with self‐ 6" ‐ 300‐lb Flange Size
locking type 304 stainless steel speed clips, which 6‐HR‐1‐H‐A2‐1 Line Number
are 1 inch (25mm) longer than the thickness of the RE‐028‐8403‐PN‐6‐B Drawing Number
pad. Other types of fasteners may be acceptable
with prior COMPANY approval. Equipment
X‐126 Equipment Number
5.3.6 The cover insulation shall overlap Channel Head Description
permanent insulation by the 2 inches (51mm) or 40.5/35.25 Flange Size/Channel Size
the thickness of the insulation. If this is not
possible then flaps 2 inches (51mm) wide Nozzles
constructed of double layer outside cloth material X‐126 Equipment Number
shall be part of the cover. Channel Nozzle Descriptions
6"‐ 300 lb RFWN Nozzle Size
5.3.7 Adequate stitching (tucks) with heavy glass
thread or other approved means shall be installed
through large covers to prevent migration of the 6.0 STORAGE TANKS
insulation inside the cover. A minimum of one
stitch per square foot shall be used.
6.1 Prefabricated insulation panel systems are
preferred for insulating storage tanks and shall be
5.3.8 When installed, the cover shall fit snugly on
used unless prior COMPANY approval is obtained
the item to be insulated. Cover edges and seams
for another insulation system. The materials and
shall fit together tightly such that no gaps are
installation procedures used shall be subject to
present. Provide drawstrings at the circumferential
COMPANY approval.
ends.
6.1.1 Acceptable material suppliers are:
5.4 Identification
Thermacon Industries Inc.
345 New Albany Road
Morrestown, New Jersey 08057
800‐222‐0773
Specification for Hot Insulation 12 of 55
Iso Panels, Inc. 7.0 INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
P.O. Box 54173
Pearl, Mississippi 39208 7.1 COMPANY representatives shall have access
601‐939‐7640 to all work while being performed.
6.2 As an alternate, storage tanks may be 7.2 All materials and equipment furnished for
insulated in the following manner: this project shall be subject to inspection by
COMPANY.
6.2.1 Block or blanket insulation for tanks shall be
supported by welded clips at 4 foot (1.22m) vertical 7.3 Material thickness shall have a zero minus
intervals about the circumference of the tank. A tolerance.
formed angle fastened to the clips shall completely
encircle the tank. The insulation shall be banded 7.4 Insulation will be judged defective and
on 12 inch (305mm) centers. Refer to Figure 11 of rejected for any of the following reasons:
this specification for details.
a. If there are any cracks or voids extending
6.2.2 Roofs on insulated storage tanks requiring through the insulation.
fiberglass or mineral wool block insulation shall b. If there are any cracks which would cause
have built‐up insulation as described below and as insulation to break upon sawing or gently
shown on Figure 11 of this specification. The flexing.
system shown on Figure 11 shall be used where c. If there are broken or damaged pieces.
welding is permitted on tank roofs. Insulation shall d. If the jacketing/finish is not watertight.
be designed to withstand foot traffic where e. If there is any other noncompliance with the
specified. A high compressive strength insulation, specifications.
such as calcium silicate, foam glass, or 13‐pound
per cubic foot (200 kg per cubic meter) mineral
fiber shall be used in this case.
a Insulation on deck shall be properly applied
to MANUFACTURER'S specification and be
dry and clean .
b. Lay 0.040 inch thick aluminum sheet with 3
mil polyethylene moisture barrier over the
insulation and screw to the "Z" bars on 9
inch (229mm) centers.
c. Coat the aluminum sheet with hot asphalt.
Asphalt shall be applied at 350 F (177 C)
minimum at a rate of 40 pounds per 100
square feet.
d. Final coat the entire surface with 50 pounds
per 100 square feet GAF A‐720 mineral
shield granules or a COMPANY approved
equal.
6.2.3 Other insulation systems may be acceptable
with prior COMPANY approval.
Specification for Hot Insulation 13 of 55
TABLE 1
EXPANSION SPRING REQUIREMENTS
NUMBER OF 4‐INCH EXPANSION SPRINGS REQUIRED PER BAND
Dia. Operating Temperature (F
(ft) 10 12 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
6.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
6.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
7.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
7.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
10.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
12.0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
13.0 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
14.0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
15.0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
16.0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
17.0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
18.0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
19.0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
20.0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
24.0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
28.0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6
32.0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7
36.0 0 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7
40.0 0 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8
50.0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10
60.0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12
70.0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 14
80.0 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16
90.0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
100.0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20
110.0 1 2 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22
120.0 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23
130.0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 20 21 23 24 25
Specification for Hot Insulation 14 of 55
140.0 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 26 27
150.0 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 25 26 28 29
160.0 1 2 3 5 6 8 10 11 13 15 16 18 20 21 23 25 26 28 29 31
170.0 2 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 24 26 28 30 31 33
180.0 2 3 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 29 31 33 35
190.0 2 3 4 6 8 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
200.0 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 31 33 35 37 39
Notes: (see next page)
Notes:
1. This table is applicable to 4‐inch‐long expansion springs and the Super Mity‐Springs.
2. For intermediate temperatures or diameters, install the number of springs required for the next higher
temperature or larger diameter.
3. 1 inch equals 25.4 millimeters.
Specification for Hot Insulation 15 of 55
Figure 1a
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL COVERING SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM END AND SIDE LAP OF 3 INCHES.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 16 of 55
Figure 1b
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL COVERING SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM END AND SIDE LAP OF 3 INCHES.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 17 of 55
Figure 1c
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL COVERING SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM END AND SIDE LAP OF 3 INCHES.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 18 of 55
Figure 2a
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL VERTICAL INSULATED LINES SHALL BE SUPPORTED AT BOTTOM AND AT APPROXIMATELY 20‐FOOT
INTERVALS. SEE SPECIFICATION.
Specification for Hot Insulation 19 of 55
Figure 2b
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL VERTICAL INSULATED LINES SHALL BE SUPPORTED AT BOTTOM AND AT APPROXIMATELY 20‐FOOT
INTERVALS. SEE SPECIFICATION.
Specification for Hot Insulation 20 of 55
Figure 2c
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL VERTICAL INSULATED LINES SHALL BE SUPPORTED AT BOTTOM AND AT APPROXIMATELY 20‐FOOT
INTERVALS. SEE SPECIFICATION.
Specification for Hot Insulation 21 of 55
Figure 2d
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. ALL VERTICAL INSULATED LINES SHALL BE SUPPORTED AT BOTTOM AND AT APPROXIMATELY 20‐FOOT
INTERVALS. SEE SPECIFICATION.
Specification for Hot Insulation 22 of 55
Figure 3a
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. PREMOLDED INSULATION AND JACKETING SHALL BE USED ON FITTINGS WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 23 of 55
Figure 3b
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. PREMOLDED INSULATION AND JACKETING SHALL BE USED ON FITTINGS WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 24 of 55
Figure 3c
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. PREMOLDED INSULATION AND JACKETING SHALL BE USED ON FITTINGS WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 25 of 55
Figure 3d
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. PREMOLDED INSULATION AND JACKETING SHALL BE USED ON FITTINGS WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 26 of 55
Figure 3e
PIPE INSULATION DETAILS
NOTES
1. PREMOLDED INSULATION AND JACKETING SHALL BE USED ON FITTINGS WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 27 of 55
Figure 4a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER AND UNDER
NOTES
1. PROVIDE BOLTED SUPPORT RINGS FOR INSULATION EVERY 12 FEET.
2. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS OVER 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY BE USED AS
ALTERNATE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 28 of 55
Figure 4b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER AND UNDER
NOTES
1. PROVIDE BOLTED SUPPORT RINGS FOR INSULATION EVERY 12 FEET.
2. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS OVER 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY BE USED AS
ALTERNATE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 29 of 55
Figure 4c
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER AND UNDER
NOTES
1. PROVIDE BOLTED SUPPORT RINGS FOR INSULATION EVERY 12 FEET.
2. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS OVER 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY BE USED AS
ALTERNATE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 30 of 55
Figure 5a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLANKET INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 31 of 55
Figure 5b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLANKET INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 32 of 55
Figure 5c
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLANKET INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 33 of 55
Figure 5d
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLANKET INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 34 of 55
Figure 5e
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLANKET INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 35 of 55
Figure 6a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLOCK INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 36 of 55
Figure 6b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLOCK INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 37 of 55
Figure 6c
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLOCK INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 38 of 55
Figure 6d
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS OVER
2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER‐BLOCK INSULATION
Specification for Hot Insulation 39 of 55
Figure 7a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS LARGER THAN 2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER
NOTES
1. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS LARGER THAN 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY ALSO BE USED
AS ALTERNATIVE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 40 of 55
Figure 7b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS LARGER THAN 2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER
NOTES
1. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS LARGER THAN 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY ALSO BE USED
AS ALTERNATIVE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 41 of 55
Figure 7c
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS LARGER THAN 2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER
NOTES
1. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS LARGER THAN 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY ALSO BE USED
AS ALTERNATIVE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 42 of 55
Figure 7d
INSULATION DETAILS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS LARGER THAN 2‐FOOT 6‐INCH DIAMETER
NOTES
1. THE INSULATION DETAILS FOR VESSELS LARGER THAN 2 FEET ‐ 6 INCHES DIAMETER MAY ALSO BE USED
AS ALTERNATIVE DETAILS FOR SMALLER VESSELS.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 43 of 55
Figure 8a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
SHELL AND TUBE
NOTES
1. APPLY BLANKET INSULATION WITH JOINTS STAGGERED AND LACED TOGETHER WITH WIRE.
2. STAGGER MOLDED PIPE INSULATION AS SHOWN ON FIGURE 1.
3. PREMOLDED PIPE INSULATION IS PREFERRED FOR ALL TUBULAR EXCHANGERS WHERE REQUIRED SIZES
ARE AVAILABLE.
4. FILL ALL JOINTS AND CRACKS WITH INSULATING CEMENT.
5. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 44 of 55
Figure 8b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
SHELL AND TUBE
NOTES
1. APPLY BLANKET INSULATION WITH JOINTS STAGGERED AND LACED TOGETHER WITH WIRE.
2. STAGGER MOLDED PIPE INSULATION AS SHOWN ON FIGURE 1.
3. PREMOLDED PIPE INSULATION IS PREFERRED FOR ALL TUBULAR EXCHANGERS WHERE REQUIRED SIZES
ARE AVAILABLE.
4. FILL ALL JOINTS AND CRACKS WITH INSULATING CEMENT.
5. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 45 of 55
Figure 9a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
REBOILERS
NOTES
1. ENDS OF INSULATION SHALL BE AS SHOWN ON FIGURE B.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 46 of 55
Figure 9b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
REBOILERS
NOTES
1. ENDS OF INSULATION SHALL BE AS SHOWN ON FIGURE B.
2. 1 INCH EQUALS 25.4 MILLIMETERS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 47 of 55
Figure 10a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
STEAM TURBINES
Specification for Hot Insulation 48 of 55
Figure 10b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS
STEAM TURBINES
Specification for Hot Insulation 49 of 55
Figure 11a
INSULATION DETAILS FOR TANKS
NOTES
1. PREFABRICATED PANEL SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED FOR STORAGE TANKS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 50 of 55
Figure 11b
INSULATION DETAILS FOR TANKS
NOTES
1. PREFABRICATED PANEL SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED FOR STORAGE TANKS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 51 of 55
Figure 11c
INSULATION DETAILS FOR TANKS
NOTES
1. PREFABRICATED PANEL SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED FOR STORAGE TANKS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 52 of 55
Figure 11d
INSULATION DETAILS FOR TANKS
NOTES:
1. PREFABRICATED PANEL SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED FOR STORAGE TANKS.
Specification for Hot Insulation 53 of 55
Figure 12
ULTRASONIC THICKNESS MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR INSULATED PROCESS PIPING
Specification for Hot Insulation 54 of 55
Figure 13
V.I.P. ULTRASONIC INSPECTION PORT
1. USE 1 1/2 DIAMETER INSPECTION PORTS FOR INSULATION OUTSIDE DIAMETERS LESS THAN 12’. USE 2
1/2 DIAMETER INSPECTION PORTS FOR INSULATION OUTSIDE DIAMETERS OF 12’ OR MORE.
Specification for Hot Insulation 55 of 55