1.

Oracle Solaris
Solaris is a UNIX based operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems with roots in
the BSD operating system and AT&T System V. The earlier operating system of Sun Microsystems
was known as SunOS. The first version of SunOS basing on BSD roots was published in 1982. The
Sun introduced scalable processor architecture (SPARC) chip which allowed creating powerful,
reliable yet inexpensive machines.Up to the version 3.x, this operating system was called SunOS, and
with the version 4.0, Sun called SunOS with Solaris. The Solaris 2.0 release (SunOS 5.0) basing on
the UNIX system V release 4 (replacing BSD) was published in 1992. Sun released Solaris 2.4,
supporting both SPARC and x86 systems from a unified source code base. OpenSolaris – a project
initiated by Sun Microsystems, discontinued after the acquisition by Oracle. In September 2017, it is
rumored that Oracle had laid off the Solaris core development staff, indicating Oracle’s non-interest
in Solaris development.

2. Darwin
Darwin is an open-source Unix operating system derived from NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach, and other
free software projects. It is released in the year 2000 by Apple Inc. Apple’s macOS is based on
Darwin core components. The Darwin kernel is known as XNU which is a hybrid kernel based on
OSFMK 7.8 (Mach). In the year 2002, Apple and Internet Systems Consortium started a community
leads operating system called OpenDarwin but did not survive as it was shut down in the year 2006
citing the reason that OpenDarwin is useful only to Mac projects.

3. IBM AIX
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) is an enterprise-class operating system based on UNIX
System V with 4.3BSD-compatible extensions. It is one of the popular commercial UNIX operating
systems. The first version of AIX is released in year 1986 on IBM 6150 RT machines. Later
AIX supported a wide variety of hardware platforms: RS/6000, POWER, PowerPC, System/370
mainframes, PS/2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server. AIX was the first operating
system to have a journaling file system. The AIX operating system is known for scalability,
reliability, and security.

4. HP-UX
Short of Hewlett Packard Unix, HP-UX is the operating system based on UNIX System V release 4
introduced in year 1984. It was originally developed for HP’s proprietary Integral PC and then made
to run on 9000 series business servers. HP-UX introduced access control lists for file access
permissions. P-UX is equipped with a variety of tools for use in enterprises. The HP-UX is known
for its high availability and flexible memory and security management.

5. FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a free open-source operating system roots back to original Berkeley Software
Distribution (BSD). FreeBSD maintains a feature-complete operating system with the full-fledged
kernel, device drivers, utilities, and documentation. Two engineers William Jolitz and Lynne Jolitz
ported BSD to the Intel-based 80386 processors and called it with name 386BSD. However, a group
of 386BSD users created a new branch and named it with FreeBSD. The first version of FreeBSD
was released in November 1993. It is said that Apple OS is based on FreeBSD. As a general-purpose
operating system, FreeBSD is used in various scenarios as both desktop and server environments.

6. NetBSD
NetBSD is an open source operating system based out of legacy 4.4BSD and 386BSD code base. Its
motto is a highly portable operating system. Armed with a specialized hardware abstraction layer, the
NetBSD splits its device drivers into machine dependent and machine independent components
hiding the hardware access details. NetBSD supported Symmetric multiprocessing from its release
2.0 in year 2004.Thanks to its code clarity, careful design, and portability features, NetBSD being
used in large-scale server systems, desktop systems, handheld devices and in embedded systems.

7. Microsoft/SCO Xenix
Xenix is a discontinued version of a UNIX based operating system licensed by Microsoft in the late
1970s. Impressed by UNIX popularity, Microsoft purchased a license from AT&T. It may be
surprised to some people to know that Microsoft once owned UNIX rights. However Microsoft was
not involved in selling Xenix directly to the customers rather it licensed to companies like IBM,
Intel, SCO etc to port the operating system on their proprietary processors. Unable to face the
competition after break up with AT&T, Microsoft decided to transfer the ownership to SCO who
released Xenix with new brand name SCO UNIX. SCO UNIX did not sustain after its last version
V.2.3.4, released in 1991.

8. SGI IRIX
IRIX is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run natively on their
MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. The IRIX 6.0
was compliant with UNIX System V Release 4, UNIX 95 and POSIX. IRIX was the first operating
system to include the XFS file system. IRIX was known for its support for real-time disk and
graphics. IRIX was well received by animation and scientific visualization vendors. IRIX was one of
the first Unix versions to feature a GUI interface for the desktop. In 1998, the last important version
of IRIX 6.5 was released. Rackable Systems took over Silicon Graphics resulting in the death of
MIPS based SGI products due to focus shift to x86 processors.

9. TRU64 UNIX
This UNIX derivative of the Digital Equipment Corporation is a discontinued operating system based
on Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA). Tru76 is based on OSF/1 operating system developed
by Open Software Foundation(OSF) to compete UNIX System V release. Today, Tru64is a product
and trademark of Hewlett-Packard. Tru64 UNIX version 5.0 offered TruCluster Server which
offered clustering facility. HP migrated many of Tru64 UNIX’s features like AdvFS, TruCluster, and
LSM to HP’s flagship UNZIX product HP-UX. HP ended its support of Tru64 by December 2012.

10.macOS
macOS is a commercially UNIX based operating system developed and maintained by Apple. Mac
OS is a rebranded version of the Mac OS X operating system. macOS is heavily based out of NeXT
and Darwin operating systems. Initially, macOS supported on PowerPC based machines. Later in the
year 2006, 10.4 versions released with Intel processors support. macOS is traditionally known for its
innovative graphical user interface.Apple provides an integrated development environment called
Xcode that provides interfaces to various supported compilers. Apple released the latest version of
macOS named High Sierra in Sept 2017. macOS Sierra enhancements include the new Apple File
System, desktop Tabs, universal clipboard, Picture in Picture, Siri, Apple pay, etc. There is a popular
rumor that Steve Jobs tried to hire Linux creator Linus Torvalds around year 2000 when Apple was
investing heavily in OS X.